Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sensor measurements

Academic literature on the topic 'Sensor measurements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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Hagemeier, Sebastian, Markus Schake, and Peter Lehmann. "Sensor characterization by comparative measurements using a multi-sensor measuring system." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-111-2019.

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Abstract. Typical 3-D topography sensors for the measurement of surface structures in the micro- and nanometre range are atomic force microscopes (AFMs), tactile stylus instruments, confocal microscopes and white-light interferometers. Each sensor shows its own transfer behaviour. In order to investigate transfer characteristics as well as systematic measurement effects, a multi-sensor measuring system is presented. With this measurement system comparative measurements using five different topography sensors are performed under identical conditions in a single set-up. In addition to the concept of the multi-sensor measuring system and an overview of the sensors used, surface profiles obtained from a fine chirp calibration standard are presented to show the difficulties of an exact reconstruction of the surface structure as well as the necessity of comparative measurements conducted with different topography sensors. Furthermore, the suitability of the AFM as reference sensor for high-precision measurements is shown by measuring the surface structure of a blank Blu-ray disc.
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Bílek, Jiří, Ondřej Bílek, Petr Maršolek, and Pavel Buček. "Ambient Air Quality Measurement with Low-Cost Optical and Electrochemical Sensors: An Evaluation of Continuous Year-Long Operation." Environments 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8110114.

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Sensor technology is attractive to the public due to its availability and ease of use. However, its usage raises numerous questions. The general trustworthiness of sensor data is widely discussed, especially with regard to accuracy, precision, and long-term signal stability. The VSB-Technical University of Ostrava has operated an air quality sensor network for more than two years, and its large sets of valid results can help in understanding the limitations of sensory measurement. Monitoring is focused on the concentrations of dust particles, NO2, and ozone to verify the impact of newly planted greenery on the reduction in air pollution. The sensor network currently covers an open field on the outskirts of Ostrava, between Liberty Ironworks and the nearby ISKO1650 monitoring station, where some of the worst air pollution levels in the Czech Republic are regularly measured. In the future, trees should be allowed to grow over the sensors, enabling assessment of the green barrier effect on air pollution. As expected, the service life of the sensors varies from 1 to 3 years; therefore, checks are necessary both prior to the measurement and regularly during operation, verifying output stability and overall performance. Results of the PMx sensory measurements correlated well with the reference method. Concentration values measured by NO2 sensors correlated poorly with the reference method, although timeline plots of concentration changes were in accordance. We suggest that a comparison of timelines should be used for air quality evaluations, rather than particular values. The results showed that the sensor measurements are not yet suitable to replace the reference methods, and dense sensor networks proved useful and robust tools for indicative air quality measurements (AQM).
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Ziebarth, Mathias, Niclas Zeller, Michael Heizmann, and Franz Quint. "Modeling the unified measurement uncertainty of deflectometric and plenoptic 3-D sensors." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-517-2018.

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Abstract. In this paper we propose new models of two complementary optical sensors to obtain 2.5-D measurements of opaque surfaces: a deflectometric and a plenoptic sensor. The deflectometric sensor uses active triangulation and works best on specular surfaces, while the plenoptic sensor uses passive triangulation and works best on textured, diffusely reflecting surfaces. We propose models to describe the measurement uncertainties of the sensors for specularly to diffusely reflecting surfaces under consideration of typical disturbances like ambient light or vibration. The predicted measurement uncertainties of both sensors can be used to obtain optimized measurements uncertainties for varying surface properties on the basis of a combined sensor system. The models are validated exemplarily based on real measurements.
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Ritter, Greice Scherer, Eliezer Oliveira Cavalheiro, Ronaldo Barcelos e. Silva, Leonardo Da Rosa Schmidt, and Silvana Maldaner. "Medidas de temperatura em ambiente interno usando a Plataforma Arduino." Ciência e Natura 42 (February 7, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40637.

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The paper presents the results of a study with temperature measurements using low cost sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller. To perform the study, three sensors widely used for monitoring environmental conditions with Arduino. The selected sensors were the LM35DZ (analog sensor) and DHT11 and DHT22 (digital sensors). The LM35DZ sensor is a sensor known to be an analog sensor that has linear temperature response with voltage. The DHT11 sensor measures temperature and humidity simultaneously. To measure temperature the DHT11 sensor uses a temperature-sensitive resistor and has a measurement range from 0 to 50 °C, with an uncertainty ± 2% ° C. The DHT22 has a measurement range -40 to 80 ° C and an uncertainty ± 1% ° C. Simultaneous temperature measurements with the three sensors showed good performance in indoor situations, showing the maximum and minimum temperatures of a daily temperature cycle.
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Benaissa, Bedr-Eddine, Fedoua Lahfa, Khatir Naima, Giulio Lorenzini, Mustafa Inc, and Younes Menni. "Detection and Cooperative Communications for Deployment Sensor Networks." Traitement du Signal 38, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380303.

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In a sensor network, and more specifically with a single-hop deployment policy, sensor measurements contain a lot of redundancy either in the measurement dimensions of a single sensor, or between the measurement dimensions of different sensors due to of the spatial correlation either in the temporal dimension of the measurements. The goal is to reduce this redundancy by deploying fewer sensors, while ensuring high measurement accuracy and maximizing service life. The proposed method minimizes the complexity in terms of communication and calculation and maximizes the lifetime of the network based on an aggregation and consensus system to reduce the spatio-temporal dimension of the data captured and consequently the number of sensors deployed. The results show a visible performance compared to the standard method of transmission on the free platform of the COOJA/Contiki simulator allowing to simulate network connections of wireless sensors and to interact with them.
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Buček, Pavel, Petr Maršolek, and Jiří Bílek. "Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring - the Current State of the Technology and a Use Overview." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 26, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2021-0003.

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Abstract In recent years the monitoring of air quality using cheap sensors has become an interesting alternative to conventional analytical techniques. Apart from vast price differences conventional techniques need to be performed by the trained personnel of commercial or research laboratories. Sensors capable of measuring dust, ozone, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, or other air pollutants are relatively simple electronic devices, which are comparable in size to a mobile phone. They provide the general public with the possibility to monitor air quality which can contribute to various projects that differ in regional scale, commercial funding or community-base. In connection with the low price of sensors arises the question of the quality of measured data. This issue is addressed by a number of studies focused on comparing the sensor data with the data of reference measurements. Sensory measurement is influenced by the monitored analyte, type and design of the particular sensor, as well as by the measurement conditions. Currently sensor networks serve as an additional source of information to the network of air quality monitoring stations, where the density of the network provides concentration trends in the area that may exceed specific measured values of pollutant concentrations and low uncertainty of reference measurements. The constant development of all types of sensors is leading to improvements and the difference in data quality between sensors and conventional monitoring techniques may be reduced.
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Pillarz, Marc, Axel von Freyberg, Dirk Stöbener, and Andreas Fischer. "Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030937.

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The demand for extensive gear shape measurements with single-digit µm uncertainty is growing. Tactile standard gear tests are precise but limited in speed. Recently, faster optical gear shape measurement systems have been examined. Optical gear shape measurements are challenging due to potential deviation sources such as the tilt angles between the surface normal and the sensor axis, the varying surface curvature, and the surface properties. Currently, the full potential of optical gear shape measurement systems is not known. Therefore, laser triangulation and confocal-chromatic gear shape measurements using a lateral scanning position measurement approach are studied. As a result of tooth flank standard measurements, random effects due to surface properties are identified to primarily dominate the achievable gear shape measurement uncertainty. The standard measurement uncertainty with the studied triangulation sensor amounts to >10 µm, which does not meet the requirements. The standard measurement uncertainty with the confocal-chromatic sensor is <6.5 µm. Furthermore, measurements on a spur gear show that multiple reflections do not influence the measurement uncertainty when measuring with the lateral scanning position measurement approach. Although commercial optical sensors are not designed for optical gear shape measurements, standard uncertainties of <10 µm are achievable for example with the applied confocal-chromatic sensor, which indicates the further potential for optical gear shape measurements.
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Gokcay, Mehmet Asim, and Chingiz Hajiyev. "Comparison of TRIAD+EKF and TRIAD+UKF Algorithms for Nanosatellite Attitude Estimation." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 17 (May 4, 2022): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2022.17.23.

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Two most commonly used sensors on nanosatellites are magnetometer and sun sensor. In this paper, magnetometer and sun sensor measurements are combined gyro measurements to produce enhanced attitude estimation. Tri-Axial Attitude Determination (TRIAD) algorithm is used with Kalman filter to form a complete attitude filter. Sun sensor and magnetometer measurements are selected as inputs to TRIAD algorithm and output is fed to Kalman filter as a measurement. Two different Kalman filters, extended and unscented, are used with TRIAD algorithm. A comparison is given between performances of both Kalman filter.
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Lee, JeeEun, and Sun K. Yoo. "Radar-Based Detection of Respiration Rate with Adaptive Harmonic Quefrency Selection." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061607.

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Continuous respiration monitoring is important for predicting a potential disease. Due to respiration measurements using contact sensors, it is difficult to achieve continuous measurement because the sensors are inconvenient to attach. In this study, a radar sensor was used for non-contact respiration measurements. The radar sensor had a high precision and could even be used in the dark. It could also be used continuously regardless of time and place. The radar sensor relied on the periodicity of respiration to detect the respiration rate. A respiration adaptive interval was set and the respiration rate was detected through harmonic quefrency selection. As a result, it was confirmed that there was no difference between the respiratory rate measured using a respiration belt and the respiratory rate detected using a radar sensor. Furthermore, case studies on changes in the radar position and about measurement for long periods confirmed that the radar sensor could detect respiration rate continuously regardless of the position and measurement duration.
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Sanati, Mehdi, Allen Sandwell, Hamid Mostaghimi, and Simon Park. "Development of Nanocomposite-Based Strain Sensor with Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Properties." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113789.

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Sensors provide aninterface between mechanical systems and the physical world. With the move towardsIndustry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems, demands for cost-effective sensors are rapidly increasing. Conventional sensors used for monitoring manufacturing processes are often bulky and need complex processes. In this study, a novel high-sensitive nanocomposite-based sensor is developed for measuring strain. The developed sensor is comprised of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a piezoelectric polymer matrix, and embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles creating a conductive network. Exhibiting both piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties, the developed sensors are capable of strain measurement over a wide frequency band, including static and dynamic measurements. The piezoresistive and piezoelectric properties are fused to improve the overall sensitivity and frequency bandwidth of the sensor. To simulate the sensor, a 3D random walk model and a 2D finite element (FE) model are used to predict the electrical resistivity and the piezoelectric characteristics of the sensor, respectively. The developed models are verified with the experimental results. The developed nanocomposite sensors were employed for strain measurement of a cantilever beam under static load, impulse excitation, free and forced vibrations, collecting both piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties measurements. The obtained signals were fused and compared with those of a reference sensor. The results show that the sensor is capable of strain measurement in the range of 0–10 kHz, indicating its effectiveness at measuring both static and high frequency signals which is an important feature of the sensor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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Yeo, Chin Liong. "Command Wire Sensor Measurements." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17483.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
After the recent success in jamming wireless improvised explosive devices (IEDs), the threat nowadays has shifted towards the use of buried command wires. A capability to immediately detect the presence of a command wire would be of great value to the troops on the ground. The major challenge of a command wire sensor is to detect the wire in clutter and achieve a high probability of detection without large number of false alarms. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the wire scattering behavior and clutter characteristics through measurements performed in the NPS anechoic chamber. The research has successfully resolved the various multipath components within the anechoic chamber. The transmit-receive coupling between the antennas was reduced through the appropriate use of absorbers. Various wire scattering and clutter characteristics were established through the measurement results. In addition, the measurement results have also demonstrated close-in clutter rejection by utilizing time gating. Recommendations for future work were proposed to gather more data to support the ongoing NPS research on the Command Wire Sensor design.
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Curatu, Costin. "Wavefront Sensor for Eye Aberrations Measurements." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2274.

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Ocular wavefront sensing is vital to improving our understanding of the human eye and to developing advanced vision correction methods, such as adaptive optics, customized contact lenses, and customized laser refractive surgery. It is also a necessary technique for high-resolution imaging of the retina. The most commonly used wavefront sensing method is based on the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Since Junzhong Liang's first application of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing for the human eye in 1994, the method has quickly gained acceptance and popularity in the ophthalmic industry. Several commercial Shack-Hartmann eye aberrometers are currently available. While the existing aberrometers offer reasonable measurement accuracy and reproducibility, they do have a limited dynamic range. Although rare, highly aberrated eyes do exists (corneal transplant, keratoconus, post-lasik) that cannot be measured with the existing devices. Clinicians as well as optical engineers agree that there is room for improvement in the performance of these devices "Although the optical aberrations of normal eyes have been studied by the Shack-Hartmann technique, little is known about the optical imperfections of abnormal eyes. Furthermore, it is not obvious that current Shack-Hartmann aberrometers are robust enough to successfully measure clinically abnormal eyes of poor optical quality" Larry Thibos, School of Optometry, Indiana University. The ultimate goal for ophthalmic aberrometers and the main objective of this work is to increase the dynamic range of the wavefront sensor without sacrificing its sensitivity or accuracy. In this dissertation, we attempt to review and integrate knowledge and techniques from previous studies as well as to propose our own analytical approach to optimizing the optical design of the sensor in order to achieve the desired dynamic range. We present the underlying theory that governs the relationship between the performance metrics of the sensor: dynamic range, sensitivity, spatial resolution, and accuracy. We study the design constraints and trade-offs and present our system optimization method in detail. To validate the conceptual approach, a complex simulation model was developed. The comprehensive model was able to predict the performance of the sensor as a function of system design parameters, for a wide variety of ocular wavefronts. This simulation model did confirm the results obtained with our analytical approach. The simulator itself can now be used as a standalone tool for other Shack-Hartmann sensor designs. Finally, we were able to validate our theoretical work by designing and building an experimental prototype. We present some of the more practical design aspects, such as illumination choices and tolerance analysis methods. The prototype validated the conceptual approach used in the design and was able to demonstrate a vast increase in dynamic range while maintaining accurate and repeatable measurements.
Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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Ragnarsson, David. "Sensor Integration for High Temperature Measurements." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64544.

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In today's mining industry, most of the sensor measurements in high temperature environments are expensive and the sensors are not well integrated with the materials treated in the hot temperatures. The conditions can vary much between the sensors location and where the materials are located. It is crucial to have high performance measurements to reach a more optimized control over the oven. A more optimized process gives a better combustion which decreases the fuel consumption and is more energy efficient. To increase the performance of these measurements, it is necessary to have wireless sensor systems, which can be well integrated with the materials and have a low cost. This so there is no need to use same system several times and it shouldn't matter if it gets destroyed in the oven. In this thesis, the focus lies on building the electronics and software for controlling a wide band oxygen sensor. The electronics are built by components with an upper temperature limit of 125 ◦C or above. The sensor itself is supposed to be heated up by an internal heating element. However, in these experiments, it is heated up by the surroundings in the oven. A major challenge in the work was the design of the control loop to keep the sensor in a correct and stable operating point. When initial oxygen measurements were compared with reference measurement done simultaneously in the oven, it didn't match well. These differences were shown to be caused by different locations of the sensor and the reference measurements. Further measurements in a live industrial setting confirmed the functionality of the system.
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Deleskog, Viktor. "Sensor Localization Calibration of Ground Sensor Networks with Acoustic Range Measurements." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81655.

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Advances in the development of simple and cheap sensors give new possibilities with large sensor network deployments in monitoring and surveillance applications. Commonly, the sensor positions are not known, specifically, when sensors are randomly spread in a big area. Low cost sensors are constructed with as few components as possible to keep price and energy consumption down. This implies that self-positioning and communication capabilities are low. So the question: “How do you localize such sensors with good precision with a feasible approach?” is central. When no information is available a stable and robust localization algorithm is needed. In this thesis an acoustic sensor network is considered. With a movable acoustic source a well-defined and audible signal is transmitted at different spots. The sensors measure the time of arrival which corresponds to distance. A two-step sensor localization approach is applied that utilizes the estimated distances. A novel approach in the first step is presented to incorporate more measurements and gain more position information. Localization and ranging performance is evaluated with simulations and data collected at field trials. The results show that the novel approach attains higher accuracy and robustness.
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Velander, Jacob. "Microwave Sensor Measurements And Human Tissue Characterization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-309560.

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Padmanabhan, Aravind. "Silicon micromachined sensors and sensor arrays for shear-stress measurements in aerodynamic flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10257.

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Schmid, Wolf. "Consumption measurements on SnO 2 sensors in low and normal oxygen concentration." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11126585.

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Konstatinos, Sasloglou. "Channel measurements and modelling for sensor network applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12833.

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Kok, Manon. "Probabilistic modeling for sensor fusion with inertial measurements." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133083.

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In recent years, inertial sensors have undergone major developments. The quality of their measurements has improved while their cost has decreased, leading to an increase in availability. They can be found in stand-alone sensor units, so-called inertial measurement units, but are nowadays also present in for instance any modern smartphone, in Wii controllers and in virtual reality headsets. The term inertial sensor refers to the combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes. These measure the external specific force and the angular velocity, respectively. Integration of their measurements provides information about the sensor's position and orientation. However, the position and orientation estimates obtained by simple integration suffer from drift and are therefore only accurate on a short time scale. In order to improve these estimates, we combine the inertial sensors with additional sensors and models. To combine these different sources of information, also called sensor fusion, we make use of probabilistic models to take the uncertainty of the different sources of information into account. The first contribution of this thesis is a tutorial paper that describes the signal processing foundations underlying position and orientation estimation using inertial sensors. In a second contribution, we use data from multiple inertial sensors placed on the human body to estimate the body's pose. A biomechanical model encodes the knowledge about how the different body segments are connected to each other. We also show how the structure inherent to this problem can be exploited. This opens up for processing long data sets and for solving the problem in a distributed manner. Inertial sensors can also be combined with time of arrival measurements from an ultrawideband (UWB) system. We focus both on calibration of the UWB setup and on sensor fusion of the inertial and UWB measurements. The UWB measurements are modeled by a tailored heavy-tailed asymmetric distribution. This distribution naturally handles the possibility of measurement delays due to multipath and non-line-of-sight conditions while not allowing for the possibility of measurements arriving early, i.e. traveling faster than the speed of light. Finally, inertial sensors can be combined with magnetometers. We derive an algorithm that can calibrate a magnetometer for the presence of metallic objects attached to the sensor. Furthermore, the presence of metallic objects in the environment can be exploited by using them as a source of position information. We present a method to build maps of the indoor magnetic field and experimentally show that if a map of the magnetic field is available, accurate position estimates can be obtained by combining inertial and magnetometer measurements.
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Ackerman, James S. "Error analysis of sensor measurements in a small UAV." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FAckerman.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Science (Mechanical Engineering))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Isaac I. Kaminer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45). Also available online.
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Books on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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Rudd, Paul. A fibre optic pH sensor based on fluorescence measurements. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Taylor, H. Rosemary. Data Acquisition for Sensor Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997.

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Data acquisition for sensor systems. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Hogg, William Daylesford. Strain and temperature measurements using a localised polarimetric fibre optic sensor. [Downsview, Ont.]: University of Toronto, 1989.

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Hogg, William Daylesford. Strain and temperature measurements using a localised polarimetric fibre optic sensor. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra. Intelligent Sensing, Instrumentation and Measurements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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M, Chaudhari Qasim, ed. Synchronization in wireless sensor networks: Parameter estimation, performance benchmarks, and protocols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Lutz, Reinhold. Highly precise three dimensional measurements of cooperative targets in the short range with an optical sensor system. Oxford: Published for the International Astronautical Federation by Pergamon Press, 1986.

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Frølich, Nicoline. Hva er viktige kvaliteter ved god sensur?: En kartlegging av bruk av ekstern sensor på lavere grad med fokus på kvalitet, økonomi, vurdering og læring. Oslo: NIFU STEP, 2009.

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Tapanes, Edward E. Static and dynamic strain measurements within composite materials using a localized Michelson fiber optic sensor. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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de Silva, Clarence W. "Estimation from Measurements." In Sensor Systems, 279–345. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371160-7.

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Maheswararajah, Suhinthan, Siddeswara Mayura Guru, Yanfeng Shu, and Saman Halgamuge. "Energy Adaptive Sensor Scheduling for Noisy Sensor Measurements." In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, 187–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02085-8_14.

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Sprenkels, A. J., J. G. Bomer, W. Olthuis, and P. Bergveld. "An Improved Sensor-Actuator System for Dynamic Surface Tension Measurements." In Sensor Technology 2001, 149–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0840-2_26.

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Liu, Yang, Zidong Wang, and Donghua Zhou. "Recursive Filtering over Sensor Networks with Stochastic Sensor Gain Degradation." In State Estimation and Fault Diagnosis under Imperfect Measurements, 39–60. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003309482-3.

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Becker, Markus. "Evaluation of Analytical Modelling, Simulation and Measurements." In Services in Wireless Sensor Networks, 101–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05402-1_9.

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Duin, Robert P. W., and Elżbieta Pękalska. "Structural Inference of Sensor-Based Measurements." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 41–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11815921_4.

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Becker, Markus. "Measurements of Service Discovery in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Services in Wireless Sensor Networks, 93–100. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05402-1_8.

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McIntyre, A. D. "Industrial methods of spectrophotometric measurements in process control." In Sensor Systems for Environmental Monitoring, 236–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0101-8_5.

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Klausner, James F., Feng Fu, and Renwei Mei. "Development of a Conductance Sensor for Measuring Solids Concentration in Large Diameter Slurry Pipelines." In Applied Optical Measurements, 293–305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58496-1_19.

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Józwik, Michał, and Dinesh Raja Nagarajan. "Wavefront Sensor in Measurements of MEMS Vibrations." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 119–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29993-4_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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Suranthiran, Sugathevan, and Suhada Jayasuriya. "Nonlinear Averaging of Multi-Sensor Data." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48512.

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Considered in this paper is a framework for combining multiple sensor data to obtain a single inference. The task of fusing multi-sensor data is very challenging when no information about the sensor or estimation models is available. Kalman Filtering and other model-based techniques cannot be used to obtain a reliable inference. Linear Averaging of data is probably the simplest technique available, however, there is no guarantee that the fused measurement is, in fact, the best estimation. The problem will be worsened if one or more sensor measurements are faulty. In this paper, we analyze this problem and propose an effective multi-sensor fusion methodology. It is shown that a reliable solution can be obtained by nonlinearly averaging the multiple measurements. The proposed technique is well suited to identify outliers in the sensor measurements as well as to detect faulty sensor measurements. The developed algorithm is versatile in the sense that prior knowledge or information about sensors can be easily incorporated to improve the accuracy further. Illustrative examples and simulation data are presented to validate the proposed scheme.
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Williams, Troi, and Yu Sun. "Learning State-Dependent Sensor Measurement Models with Limited Sensor Measurements." In 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636407.

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Yoder, Valerie J., Steven W. Havens, Arthur J. Na, and Rachel E. Weingrad. "Sensor Fusion for Industrial Applications Using Transducer Markup Language." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21116.

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Manufacturing processes would greatly benefit from fusing data from many disparate sensors, but systems today do not fully exploit available sensor data. Disparate sensors could include Coordinate Measurement Machines (CMM), laser surface scanners, micro sensors, cameras, acoustic devices, thermocouples, or other various devices which provide measurement or visual data. Often, sensor data requires separate customized software for each type of sensor system, as opposed to having common tools for use across a wide array of sensor systems. This process of stove-piping requires proprietary software for analysis and display of each sensor type, and inhibits interoperability. There are several challenges to sensor fusion which need to be addressed. First, many sensors providing data are heterogeneous in phenomena detection and operation, providing measurements of different target attributes. This makes the measurements very difficult to fuse directly. Second, these disparate sensors are asynchronous in time. The collection, integration, buffering and transmitting time can each affect the way time is calculated and stored by the sensor. Transducer Markup Language (TML), developed by IRIS Corporation, addresses these challenges. This paper describes TML and addresses examples of industrial applications of TML-enabled transducer networks.
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Yuan, Jane Xiaojing, and Fernando Figueroa. "Intuitive Intelligent Sensor Fusion With Highly Autonomous Sensors." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24502.

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Abstract The objective of sensor fusion is to synergistically combine different sources of sensory information into one representational format to provide more complete and precise interpretation of the system. A generic sensor fusion framework based on a highly autonomous sensor (HAS) model is presented. The framework provides freedom to choose different data fusion methods and combine them together to achieve better performance. In the context of HAS’s, this paper describes a hierarchical decentralized sensor-fusion approach based on a qualitative theory to interpret measurements, and on qualitative procedures to reason and make decisions based on the measurement interpretations. In this manner, heuristic fusion methods are applied at a high-qualitative level as well as at a numerical level when necessary. This approach implements intuitive (effective) methods to monitor, diagnose, and compensate processes/systems and their sensors.
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Khalil, Mohamad, Jalal Jomaah, and Mahmoud Kamarei. "Miniaturized SIW sensor for liquid permittivity measurements." In 2017 Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/senset.2017.8125042.

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Han, Jeahyeong, Shunzhou Yang, and Mark A. Shannon. "Peeling Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Sub-KPA Pressure Measurements." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15521.

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Capacitive pressure sensors measure changes in pressure typically by the deflection of a flexible conducting membrane towards a fixed electrode. The deflection in the membrane produces a quadratic change in capacitance, which often yields higher sensitivity to changes in pressure compared to piezo-resistive pressure sensors, which measures the resistance changes proportional to the applied pressure. However, residual stresses in the membrane can provide a substantial resistance to deformation compared to the driving force created by the applied pressure, which decreases the sensitivity at low pressures and produces a nonlinear signal. If the membrane is made compliant enough to increase sensivitiy, pull-in of the membrane can occur, reducing the effective pressure range of the capacitive manometer type pressure sensor. Hence, these type of sensors are typically not used to measure very low pressure differences over several hundred Pascals. To overcome this limitation, a capacitive pressure sensor was developed that operates in a peeling mode while under applied electrostatic actuation, which counters the residual stresses. The changes in capacitance can be detected if the pressure is just enough to overcome the interfacial electrostatic pressure. This type of pressure sensor can potentially be used for very low differential pressure differences, well below 100 Pa, over ~ 1 kPa range.
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van Binsbergen, Diederik, Amir R. Nejad, and Jan Helsen. "Dynamic Model Development of Wind Turbine Drivetrains by Using Sensor Measurements." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-61939.

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Abstract This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of establishing a dynamic drivetrain model from condition monitoring measurements. In this study SCADA data and further sensor data is analyzed from a 1.5MW wind turbine, provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. A multibody model of the drivetrain is made and simulation based sensors are placed on bearings to look at the possibility to obtain geometrical and modal properties from simulation based vibration sensors. Results show that the axial proxy sensor did not provide any usable system information due to its application purpose. SCADA data did not meet the Nyquist frequency and cannot be used to determine geometrical or modal properties. Strain gauges on the shaft can provide the shaft rotational frequency, while torque and angular displacement sensors can provide the torsional eigenfrequency of the system. Simulation based vibration sensors are able to capture gear mesh frequencies, harmonics, sideband frequencies and shaft rotational frequencies.
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Slotwinski, J. A., G. W. Vogl, R. W. Ivester, and I. M. Younker. "Detection of Cutting Phenomena Using Sensor Fusion." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7307.

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This paper presents an investigation of the application of a suite of sensors for simultaneous in-situ measurements of machining processes. While not every individual sensor responds to all machining phenomena, the suite of sensors together responds to many machining phenomena of interest, including chip segmentation, chip breakage, and vibrations. The simultaneous use of a suite of sensors with modest data-acquisition equipment and the use of careful preliminary laboratory testing for optimizing sensor performance distinguishes this present proof-of-concept work from prior process monitoring efforts using individual sensors. This paper includes a discussion of pre-deployment laboratory measurements and a full description of the instrumented tool holder, associated circuitry, and data analysis methods. The deployment of multiple sensors of varying sophistication and cost lays a technical foundation for the ultimate objective of industrially practical measurement and monitoring systems for metal cutting processes.
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Xiradakis, N., and Y. G. Li. "Gas Turbine and Sensor Fault Diagnosis With Nested Artificial Neural Networks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53570.

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Accurate gas turbine diagnosis relies on accurate measurements from sensors. Unfortunately, sensors are prone to degradation or failure during gas turbine operations. In this paper a stack of decentralised artificial neural networks are introduced and investigated as an approach to approximate the measurement of a failed sensor once it is detected. Such a system is embedded into a nested neural network system for gas turbine diagnosis. The whole neural network diagnostic system consists of a number of feedforward neural networks for engine component diagnosis, sensor fault detection and isolation; and a stack of decentralised neural networks for sensor fault recovery. The application of the decentralised neural networks for the recovery of any failed sensor has the advantage that the configuration of the nested neural network system for engine component diagnosis is relatively simple as the system does not take into account sensor failure. When a sensor fails, the biased measurement of the failed sensor is replaced with a recovered measurement approximated with the measurements of other healthy sensors. The developed approach has been applied to an engine similar to the industrial 2-shaft engine, GE LM2500+, whose performance and training samples are simulated with an aero-thermodynamic modelling tool — Cranfield University’s TURBOMATCH computer program. Analysis shows that the use of the stack of decentralised neural networks for sensor fault recovery can effectively recover the measurement of a failed sensor. Comparison between the performance of the diagnostic system with and without the decentralised neural networks shows that the sensor recovery can improve the performance of the neural network engine diagnostic system significantly when a sensor fault is present.
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Wu, David W., and Hwang Choe. "Effects of Sensor Shape on Oscillating Pressure Measurements With Wind-Tunnel Test Confirmation." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93942.

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This paper summarizes the effects of the pressure sensor shape on the dynamic oscillating pressure measurements when the pressure wave modulating along the steam/air flow path is to be characterized. In the study presented in the paper, a three-dimensional CFD model of the external flow around the protruding, dome-shaped sensor was developed to evaluate the effects of the sensor shape on the external flow pattern, and the detailed flow patterns were studied with this protruding, dome-shaped sensors and compared with the flow patterns for the flush mounted sensors. Then, a one-dimensional analysis was done to predict that the dynamic pressures measured with the protruding sensor do not require significant correction, and this was later supported by wind tunnel tests. The amplitude of the dynamic pressure measured on the protruding sensor was determined to be ranging from 0 to 8% higher than measured by a flush mounted pressure sensor. The frequency of the pressure wave is not affected by the presence of the protrusion.
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Reports on the topic "Sensor measurements"

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Heelis, R. A. Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417309.

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Heelis, R. A. Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423268.

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Kamai, Tamir, Gerard Kluitenberg, and Alon Ben-Gal. Development of heat-pulse sensors for measuring fluxes of water and solutes under the root zone. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604288.bard.

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The objectives defined for this study were to: (1) develop a heat-pulse sensor and a heat-transfer model for leaching measurement, and (2) conduct laboratory study of the sensor and the methodology to estimate leaching flux. In this study we investigated the feasibility for estimating leachate fluxes with a newly designed heat-pulse (HP) sensor, combining water flux density (WFD) with electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in the same sensor. Whereas previous studies used the conventional heat pulse sensor for these measurements, the focus here was to estimate WFD with a robust sensor, appropriate for field settings, having thick-walled large-diameter probes that would minimize their flexing during and after installation and reduce associated errors. The HP method for measuring WFD in one dimension is based on a three-rod arrangement, aligned in the direction of the flow (vertical for leaching). A heat pulse is released from a center rod and the temperature response is monitored with upstream (US) and downstream (DS) rods. Water moving through the soil caries heat with it, causing differences in temperature response at the US and DS locations. Appropriate theory (e.g., Ren et al., 2000) is then used to determine WFD from the differences in temperature response. In this study, we have constructed sensors with large probes and developed numerical and analytical solutions for approximating the measurement. One-dimensional flow experiments were conducted with WFD ranging between 50 and 700 cm per day. A numerical model was developed to mimic the measurements, and also served for the evaluation of the analytical solution. For estimation WFD, and analytical model was developed to approximate heat transfer in this setting. The analytical solution was based on the work of Knight et al. (2012) and Knight et al. (2016), which suggests that the finite properties of the rods can be captured to a large extent by assuming them to be cylindrical perfect conductors. We found that: (1) the sensor is sensitive for measuring WFD in the investigated range, (2) the numerical model well-represents the sensor measurement, and (2) the analytical approximation could be improved by accounting for water and heat flow divergence by the large rods.
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Heelis, R. A. Sensor Development for In-Situ Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421082.

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Millings, M., B. Brian Riha, W. Warren Hyde, K. Karen Vangelas, and B. Brian02 Looney. EVALUATING AN INNOVATIVE OXYGEN SENSOR FOR REMOTE SUBSURFACE OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS. US: SRS, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895044.

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Parameswaran, Krishnan. Lightweight Integrated Optical Sensor for Atmospheric Measurements on Mobile Platforms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1108461.

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Jones, Scott B., Shmuel P. Friedman, and Gregory Communar. Novel streaming potential and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597910.bard.

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The “Novel streaming potential (SP) and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone” project ended Oct. 30, 2015, after an extension to complete travel and intellectual exchange of ideas and sensors. A significant component of this project was the development and testing of the Penta-needle Heat Pulse Probe (PHPP) in addition to testing of the streaming potential concept, both aimed at soil water flux determination. The PHPP was successfully completed and shown to provide soil water flux estimates down to 1 cm day⁻¹ with altered heat input and timing as well as use of larger heater needles. The PHPP was developed by Scott B. Jones at Utah State University with a plan to share sensors with Shmulik P. Friedman, the ARO collaborator. Delays in completion of the PHPP resulted in limited testing at USU and a late delivery of sensors (Sept. 2015) to Dr. Friedman. Two key aspects of the subsurface water flux sensor development that delayed the availability of the PHPP sensors were the addition of integrated electrical conductivity measurements (available in February 2015) and resolution of bugs in the microcontroller firmware (problems resolved in April 2015). Furthermore, testing of the streaming potential method with a wide variety of non-polarizable electrodes at both institutions was not successful as a practical measurement tool for water flux due to numerous sources of interference and the M.S. student in Israel terminated his program prematurely for personal reasons. In spite of these challenges, the project funded several undergraduate students building sensors and several master’s students and postdocs participating in theory and sensor development and testing. Four peer-reviewed journal articles have been published or submitted to date and six oral/poster presentations were also delivered by various authors associated with this project. We intend to continue testing the "new generation" PHPP probes at both USU and at the ARO resulting in several additional publications coming from this follow-on research. Furthermore, Jones is presently awaiting word on an internal grant application for commercialization of the PHPP at USU.
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Greenwood, Margaret S. Measurements with the PNNL Density Sensor aboard the Essayons, July 2009. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/982962.

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Khanolkar, Amey, Kiyo Fujimoto, and Michael McMurtrey. Laser-based adhesion strength measurements for advanced manufactured sensor adhesion characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1813576.

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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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