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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensitisation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Mikubayeva, E. V., N. S. Kobotayeva, and E. E. Sirotkina. "Combined Sensitisation of Benzaldehyde Diphenylhydrazones: Effect of Hydrazone Structure on Sensitization Efficiency." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj602.

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Injection, spectral and combined (injection-spectral) sensitisations of several benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones have been studied using the layers of amorphous selenium and complex compounds based on<br />pyril dyes to broaden photosensitivity spectrum of electrophotographic carrier and to study sensitisation mechanism. Two photogeneration mechanisms for charge carriers have been shown to exist at a combined<br />sensitisation, i.e. generation in the injection layer followed by the injection into a transport layer and generation in a transport layer on a dye. The excited dye molecules have been established to create hole strapping sites in a transport layer: it is exhibited in a different nature of photodischarge curves in selenium- and dye-absorbing regions at the negative surface potential. The effect of the substituent in a benzaldehyde fragment on the efficiency of injection, spectral and combined sensitisations of benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones<br />has been studied. The ionization potentials of hydrazones were determined by the two following methods: according to the charge transfer band of hydrazone-chloranil charge transfer complexes and<br />by means of quantum-chemical calculations of hydrazone molecules to interpret the results obtained. In the course of quantum-chemical calculations the conjugation character was also determined in the molecules of benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazones.

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2

Warner, J. A., A. C. Jones, E. A. Miles, and J. O. Warner. "Prenatal sensitisation." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 7, S9 (December 1996): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00406.x.

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3

Galand, E., J. Niézette, and J. Vanderschueren. "Lyoluminescence Sensitisation." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 47, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1993): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081817.

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4

Galand, E., J. Niézette, and J. Vanderschueren. "Lyoluminescence Sensitisation." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 47, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1993): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/47.1-4.603.

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5

Safford, B., N. Gilmour, and N. Aptula. "Refinement of the dermal sensitisation threshold for skin sensitisation." Toxicology Letters 196 (July 2010): S103—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.370.

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6

Landa, L., K. Šlais, and A. Šulcová. "Impact of Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands on Sensitisation to Methamphetamine Effects on Rat Locomotor Behaviour." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 2 (2008): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877020183.

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The repeated administration of various drugs of abuse may lead to a gradually increased behavioural response to these substances, particularly an increase in locomotion and stereotypies may occur. This phenomenon is well known and described as behavioural sensitisation. An increased response to the drug tested, elicited by previous repeated administration of another drug is recognised as cross-sensitisation. Based on our earlier experiences with studies on mice, which confirmed sensitisation to methamphetamine and described cross-sensitisation to methamphetamine after pre-treatment with cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, we focused the present study on the use of another typical laboratory animal - the rat. A biological validity of the sensitisation phenomenon was expected to be enhanced if the results of both mouse and rat studies were conformable. Similar investigation in rats brought very similar results to those described earlier in mice. However, at least some interspecies differences were noted in the rat susceptibility to the development of sensitisation to methamphetamine effects. Comparing to mice, it was more demanding to titrate a dose of methamphetamine producing behavioural sensitisation. Furthermore, we were not able to provoke cross-sensitisation by repeated administration of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist methanandamide and similarly, we did not demonstrate the suppression of cross-sensitisation in rats that were repeatedly given combined pre-treatment with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 and methamphetamine. Finally, unlike mice, an alternative behavioural change was registered after repeated methamphetamine treatment instead: the occurrence of stereotypic behaviour (nose rubbing).

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7

Elholm, Grethe, Vivi Schlünssen, Gert Doekes, Ioannis Basinas, Anneli Clea Skjelmose Bolund, Charlotte Hjort, Pernille Milvang Grønager, Øyvind Omland, and Torben Sigsgaard. "High exposure to endotoxin in farming is associated with less new-onset pollen sensitisation." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104384.

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ObjectivesLittle is known about risk factors for new onset and loss of atopic sensitisation in adulthood. The aim is to examine the longitudinal effect of quantitatively assessed endotoxin exposures on changes in specific allergen sensitisation in young adults.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 1113 young Danish farmers and rural controls, with a mean age of 19 years at baseline. Sensitisation to birch pollen, grass pollen, cat dander and house dust mite was measured by specific IgE levels in serum samples from baseline and at 15 years’ follow-up. Changes in sensitisation were analysed in relation to cumulative endotoxin exposure during follow-up, considering early life farm exposure.ResultsEndotoxin exposure during follow-up was significantly associated with less new onset of specifically grass and birch pollen sensitisation. For the highest versus lowest quartile of cumulative endotoxin exposure, the OR for new-onset IgE sensitisation was 0.35 (0.13–0.91) for birch and 0.14 (0.05–0.50) for grass. On the other hand, loss of pollen sensitisation showed a positive, although mostly non-significant, association with increased levels of endotoxin exposure. Endotoxin exposure was not associated with significant changes in cat dander and house dust mite sensitisation.ConclusionsHigh exposure to endotoxin during young adulthood appears to protect against new onset of pollen sensitisation, independent of childhood farm exposure.

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8

Ribeiro, J. C., B. Sousa-Pinto, J. Fonseca, S. Caldas Fonseca, and L. M. Cunha. "Edible insects and food safety: allergy." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 5 (August 13, 2021): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0065.

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Edible insects are a unique food source, requiring extensive allergenic risk assessment before its safe introduction in the food market. In a recent systematic review, crustacean allergic subjects were identified as a risk group due to cross-reactivity mainly mediated by tropomyosin and arginine kinase. Immunologic co-sensitisation to house dust mites (HDM) was also demonstrated, but its clinical significance and molecular mechanisms were unclear. Furthermore, case reports of food allergy to insects were also analysed but lack of contextual information hindered the analysis. The main goal of this review is to provide an update of new information regarding food allergy caused by insects, covering relevant topics considering the guidelines for allergic risk assessment in novel foods. Newly published studies have further confirmed the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen between edible insects and crustaceans, although there are some questions regarding the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-reactivity of this allergen in mealworm species. Furthermore, only specific treatments (enzymatic hydrolysis combined with thermal treatments) were able to eliminate IgE-reactivity of edible insects. Primary sensitisation (e.g. to Tenebrio molitor) has also been shown to be an important pathway for the development of food allergies, with responsible allergens being dependent on the route of sensitisation. However, more studies are necessary to better understand the potential of primary sensitisation causing cross-reactivity with other insect species, crustaceans or HDM. The clinical significance and molecular mechanisms involved in cross-reactivity between edible insects and HDM are still unclear, and a major focus should be given to better understand which allergens cause co-sensitisations between HDM and edible insects and what is the risk of HDM-only allergic subjects consuming edible insects. Contextual information about the reported cases of allergic reactions to insects have further demonstrated that insect-rearing workers and subjects with allergic diseases (in particular, food allergy to crustaceans) are the major risk groups.

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9

Čelakovská, Jarmila, Květuše Ettlerová, Karel Ettler, and Josef Bukač. "Egg Allergy in Adolescent and Adult Patient Suffering from Atopic Dermatitis – Association with Concomitant Allergic Diseases." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 58, no. 1 (2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2015.85.

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Background: A few reports demonstrate the occurrence of egg allergy in adolescent and adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and the association of this allergy to other food and aeroallergens. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of egg allergy in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis at the age 14 years and older and to evaluate the relationship between egg allergy or egg sensitisation and the sensitisation to dust, mites, feather, and animal dander. Materials and Methods: Complete dermatological and allergological examination was performed. These parameters were examined: food allergy and food sensitisation to egg white and yolk, to mites, animal dander (mixture), feather and dust. The statistical evaluation of the relations among egg allergy, egg sensitisation and sensitisation to mites, animal dander (mixture), feather and dust was performed. Two hundred and eighty eight patients were included in the study (90 men, 198 women, with the average age 25.2). Results and Conclusion: Egg allergy was recorded in 5% and egg sensitisation in 20% of patients; sensitisation to dust is recorded more often in patients with positive results in sIgE for egg white and/or yolk.

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10

Dooms-Goossens, An. "Sensitisation to Corticosteroids." Drug Safety 13, no. 2 (August 1995): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199513020-00006.

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11

Basketter, David, Silvia Casati, G. Frank Gerberick, Peter Griem, Barry Philips, and Andrew Worth. "3.4. Skin Sensitisation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 33, no. 1_suppl (July 2005): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290503301s10.

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12

Aw, Natalie Min-Yi, Seng-Jin Yeo, Vikki Wylde, Steven B. Wong, Diana Chan, Julian Thumboo, and Ying Ying Leung. "Impact of pain sensitisation on the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis." RMD Open 8, no. 1 (March 2022): e001938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001938.

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ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the effect on different ways of classifying pain sensitisation on impact and quality of life (QoL) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsWe used baseline data from a cohort of consecutive patients with KOA listed for arthroplasty. We collected demographics and number of painful body sites. We measured pressure pain thresholds at the right forearm (PPTarm). Pain sensitisation was classified using: (1) widespread pain, (2) lowest 10th percentile of PPTarm and (3) PainDETECT questionnaire ≥13/38. Impact and QoL were assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Short Form-36. Impact and QoL scores in patients with or without pain sensitisation were compared. We evaluated the association of pain sensitisation measures with QoL scores using multivariable regression.Results233 patients (80% female, mean age 66 years) included in the analysis; 7.3%, 11.6% and 4.7% were classified as having pain sensitisation by widespread pain, low PPTarm and PainDETECT criteria, respectively. There was minimal overlap of patients as classified as pain sensitisation phenotype by different measures. Patients with pain sensitisation had poorer QoL compared with those without. Low PPTarm identified patients with poorer general health, while widespread pain and PainDETECT identified poorer QoL in more psychological domains. There was weak correlation between number of painful body sites and PainDETECT (rho=0.23, p<0.01), but no significant correlation with PPTarm.ConclusionPatients with KOA with pain sensitisation have poorer QoL compared with those without, regardless of classification method. Different criteria defined patients with different pattern of QoL impact.

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13

Zhang, Wei, Biao Xie, Meina Liu, and Yupeng Wang. "Associations between sensitisation to allergens and allergic diseases: a hospital-based case–control study in China." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e050047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050047.

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ObjectivesTo assess the associations of sensitisation to common allergens with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in adults.DesignCase–control study.SettingData were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin, China.ParticipantsCases were 5111 patients with physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis (n=2631), allergic asthma (n=1320) and allergic rhinitis (n=1160) recruited from the department of allergy from March 2009 to December 2017. Controls were 2576 healthy adults who underwent physical examination at the same hospital during the same period.Main outcome measuresSpecific IgE levels to 16 common food, indoor and outdoor allergens were assessed in all participants. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the association between allergen sensitisation and allergic diseases were estimated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of allergen sensitisation was higher in patients with atopic dermatitis (indoor=17.14%, outdoor=12.85%, food=21.44%), allergic rhinitis (indoor=23.18%, outdoor=26.81%, food=8.94%) and allergic asthma (indoor=24.65%, outdoor=16.46%, food=14.31%) compared with controls (indoor=11.03%, outdoor=6.84%, food=5.83%). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, there was a dose–response relevance between the levels of allergen-specific IgE and allergic diseases (p trend <0.0001). The number of allergens to which a patient was sensitised increased the risk of allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis: highest adjusted OR=4.28, 95% CI 2.57 to 7.11; allergic rhinitis: highest adjusted OR=13.00, 95% CI 3.76 to 45.00; allergic asthma: OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.37).ConclusionThere was a dose–response relevance between levels of allergen-specific IgE and allergic diseases’ prevalence, and multiple sensitisations increased the risk of allergic diseases. This study provides evidence for the prophylaxis of allergic diseases.

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14

Maxwell, Gavin, and Cameron MacKay. "Application of a Systems Biology Approach to Skin Allergy Risk Assessment." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 5 (November 2008): 521–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600510.

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We have developed an in silico model of the induction of skin sensitisation, in order to characterise and quantify the contribution of each pathway to the overall biological process. This analysis has been used to guide our research on skin sensitisation and in vitro test development programmes, and provides a theoretical rationale for the interpretation and integration of non-animal predictive data for risk assessment (RA) purposes. The in vivo mouse Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is now in widespread use for the evaluation of skin sensitisation potential and potency. Recent changes in European Union (EU) legislation (i.e. the 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive) have made the development of non-animal approaches to provide the data for skin sensitisation RA a key business need. Several in vitro predictive assays have already been developed for the prediction of skin sensitisation. However, these are based on the determination of a small number of pathways within the overall biological process, and our understanding of the relative contribution of these individual pathways to skin sensitisation induction is limited. To address this knowledge gap, a “systems biology” approach has been used to construct a computer-based mathematical model of the induction of skin sensitisation, in collaboration with Entelos, Inc. The biological mechanisms underlying the induction phase of skin sensitisation are represented by nonlinear ordinary differential equations and defined by using information from over 500 published papers. By using the model, we have identified knowledge gaps for future investigative research, and key factors that have a major influence on the induction of skin sensitisation (e.g. TNF-α production in the epidermis). The relative contribution of each of these key pathways has been assessed by determining their contributions to the overall process (e.g. sensitiser-specific T-cell proliferation in the draining lymph node). This information provides a biologically-relevant rationale for the interpretation and potential integration of diverse types of non-animal predictive data. Consequently, the Skin Sensitisation Physiolab® (SSP) platform represents one approach to integration that is likely to prove an invaluable tool for hazard evaluation in a new framework for consumer safety RA.

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15

Post, Robert M., and Peter Kalivas. "Bipolar disorder and substance misuse: pathological and therapeutic implications of their comorbidity and cross-sensitisation." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, no. 3 (March 2013): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.116855.

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BackgroundBipolar disorder has a high co-occurrence with substance use disorders, but the pathophysiological mechanisms have not been adequately explored.AimsTo review the role of stress in the onset and recurrence of affective episodes and substance misuse.MethodWe review the mechanisms involved in sensitisation (increased responsivity) to recurrence of stressors, mood episodes and cocaine use.ResultsEvidence suggests that intermittent stressors, mood episodes and bouts of cocaine use not only show sensitisation to themselves, but cross-sensitisation to the others contributing to illness progression. Converseley, an understanding of the common mechanisms of sensitisation (such as regionally selective alterations in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hyperactivity of striatally based habit memories), could also result in single therapies (such as N-acetylcysteine) having positive effects in all three domains.ConclusionsThese interacting sensitisation processes suggest the importance of early intervention in attempting to prevent increasingly severe manifestations of bipolar illness and substance misuse progression.

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16

Post, Robert M., David R. Rubinow, and James C. Ballenger. "Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 2 (August 1986): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.2.191.

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Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

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17

Ghazali, Ahmad Rohi, Nor Fadilah Rajab, Muhammad Firas Zainuddin, and Nazeha Ahmat. "Assessment of Skin Irritation and Sensitisation Effects by Topical Pterostilbene." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2290.

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Pterostilbene has dermal medicinal benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative effects and photoprotective properties against UVB radiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal toxicity of pterostilbene via skin irritation and sensitisation. A skin irritation test was done according to the Organization Economic Co-operation and Development 404 guideline with the scoring of irritation based on erythema and oedema in 5 albino rabbits were observed up to 14 days. The sensitisation test using the Buehler Test in accordance with the ISO 10993-10 guideline was used to study the sensitisation effect of pterostilbene on the skin surface of albino guinea pigs. According to the primary dermal irritation index (PDII), the positive control group was classified with severe irritation (scorings of 7.71). No irritation was observed for the negative control and the 5% pterostilbene treated groups. But, a slight irritation reaction with PDII scorings of 0.86 was observed in the 10% pterostilbene treated group. The sensitisation study indicated that pterostilbene did not produce any sensitisation signs, thus classified as a non-sensitiser agent according to the Magnusson & Kligman classification. Pterostilbene-treated skin also did not indicate any signs of irritation and sensitisation. In conclusion, pterostilbene did not cause dermal toxicity upon application on the skin.

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Rujeni, Nadine, David W. Taylor, and Francisca Mutapi. "Human Schistosome Infection and Allergic Sensitisation." Journal of Parasitology Research 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/154743.

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Several field studies have reported an inverse relationship between the prevalence of helminth infections and that of allergic sensitisation/atopy. Recent studies show that immune responses induced by helminth parasites are, to an extent, comparable to allergic sensitisation. However, helminth products induce regulatory responses capable of inhibiting not only antiparasite immune responses, but also allergic sensitisation. The relative effects of this immunomodulation on the development of protective schistosome-specific responses in humans has yet to be demonstrated at population level, and the clinical significance of immunomodulation of allergic disease is still controversial. Nonetheless, similarities in immune responses against helminths and allergens pose interesting mechanistic and evolutionary questions. This paper examines the epidemiology, biology and immunology of allergic sensitisation/atopy, and schistosome infection in human populations.

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Can, I. H., A. İslam, D. S. Karasoy, and E. E. Samim. "Does regional pollen load affect the prevalence of clinical allergy to those pollen groups?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 3 (November 23, 2009): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109991873.

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AbstractObjective:To test the association between clinical allergic sensitisation to pollens and the profile and load of those pollens, in Ankara, Turkey.Materials and methods:Forty-three patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were included. Clinical sensitisation to various pollens was compared with 10-year counts of the same pollens. The ratios of sensitisation to various pollen groups, and the association between clinical sensitisation and pollen load, were investigated.Results:Grass pollen allergy was the leading cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis, followed by tree pollen allergy. In Ankara, the most common type of airborne tree pollen was salicacea; however, the commonest clinical tree pollen allergies were due to the betulaceae and fagaceae families.Conclusions:Higher concentrations of airborne pollens may not always result in a higher prevalence of clinical allergy to those pollens.

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20

Rühl, Ralph, Christin Koch, Tamás Marosvölgyi, Johanna Mihály, Florian J. Schweigert, Margitta Worm, and Tamás Decsi. "Fatty acid composition of serum lipid classes in mice following allergic sensitisation with or without dietary docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish oil substitution." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 6 (June 2008): 1239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507862374.

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Dietary fatty acids have been shown to influence allergic sensitisation. Both n-3 and n-6 PUFA are involved in targeted mediation of inflammatory responses during allergic sensitisation and manifestation of atopic diseases. In the present experiments we investigated whether supplementation of DHA-enriched fish oil partly substituting dietary sunflower-seed oil, in comparison with sunflower-seed oil, supplemented to mice influences fatty acid composition of serum lipid classes. The effects of the two different diets were also investigated depending on allergic sensitisation. Supplementation of DHA and EPA in doses of 2 and 0·12 % (w/w) to non-sensitised and sensitised mice resulted in significantly increased percentile contributions of DHA to all lipid classes. In contrast, serum values of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly lower, both in non-sensitised and sensitised mice fed the DHA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of serum lipids also reflected allergic sensitisation: the EPA:AA ratio in TAG, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in non-supplemented animals fell to 23, 29 and 29 % respectively of the original value after allergic sensitisation, whereas it decreased to 70, 80 and 76 % respectively only in the animals supplemented with DHA. In summary, allergic sensitisation alone decreased significantly the EPA:AA ratios in serum TAG, while concomitant supplementation of DHA-enriched fish oil ameliorated this decrease. We postulate from the present results that the amelioration of the severity of allergic sensitisation after DHA supplementation may be linked to altered ratios of the eicosanoid precursors EPA and AA as well as DHA needed for further metabolic activation to pro- or anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids.

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21

Sintobin, Ina, Valerie Siroux, Gabriële Holtappels, Christophe Pison, Rachel Nadif, Jean Bousquet, and Claus Bachert. "Sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxins and asthma severity: a longitudinal study in the EGEA cohort." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 1900198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00198-2019.

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IntroductionEvidence is accumulating that Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as disease modifier in upper and lower airway diseases. Sensitisation to S. aureus enterotoxins (SEs) was associated with an increased risk of severe asthma in previous cross-sectional studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies is lacking. We aimed to assess associations between SE-sensitisation and the subsequent risk for asthma severity and exacerbations.MethodsThis is a nested case–control study from the 20-year Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) cohort, including 225 adults (75 without asthma, 76 with mild asthma and 74 with severe asthma) in EGEA2 (2003–2007). For 173 of these individuals, SE-sensitisation was measured on samples collected 11 years earlier (EGEA1). Cross-sectional associations were conducted for EGEA1 and EGEA2. Longitudinal analyses estimated the association between SE-sensitisation in EGEA1 and the risk of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations assessed in the follow-up. Models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking, parental asthma/allergy and skin-prick test to house dust mite.ResultsSE-sensitisation varied between 39% in controls to 58% and 76% in mild and severe asthma, respectively, in EGEA1. An adjusted cross-sectional association showed that SE-sensitisation was associated with an increased risk of severe, but not for mild asthma. SE-sensitisation in EGEA1 was associated with severe asthma (adjusted OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.18–6.15) and asthma exacerbations (adjusted OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.40–15.07) assessed 10–20 years later.ConclusionFor the first time, this study shows that being sensitised to SEs is associated with an increased subsequent risk of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations.

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22

Pathak-Shelat, Manisha. "Communication for Gender Sensitisation." Media Asia 25, no. 4 (January 1998): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1998.11727179.

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23

Green, John. "Chemically Induced Lung Sensitisation." Indoor and Built Environment 3, no. 3 (1994): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463547.

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24

Moss, C. J. "Sensitisation in Stainless Steels." Solid State Phenomena 21-22 (January 1992): 391–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.21-22.391.

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25

De Boer, J., and Th Van Joost. "Sensitisation to dichlorobenzoyl chloride." Contact Dermatitis 18, no. 2 (February 1988): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02761.x.

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26

Gebhart, G. F. "Visceral pain---peripheral sensitisation." Gut 47, no. 90004 (December 1, 2000): 54iv—55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.suppl_4.iv54.

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Cervero, F. "Visceral pain---central sensitisation." Gut 47, no. 90004 (December 1, 2000): 56iv—57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.suppl_4.iv56.

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28

Suomalainen, Hanna. "Sensitisation through breast milk?" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 4, no. 1-2 (November 1997): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10055-2.

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29

Rajajee, Sarala, and P. R. Narayanan. "Contact sensitisation to DNCB." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 55, no. 3 (May 1988): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02810376.

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Stam, Rianne, Adrie W. Bruijnzeel, and Victor M. Wiegant. "Long-lasting stress sensitisation." European Journal of Pharmacology 405, no. 1-3 (September 2000): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00555-0.

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31

Holliman, Peter J., Matthew L. Davies, Arthur Connell, Beatriz Vaca Velasco, and Trystan M. Watson. "Ultra-fast dye sensitisation and co-sensitisation for dye sensitized solar cells." Chemical Communications 46, no. 38 (2010): 7256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc02619k.

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32

Kabulov, H. H. "Fungal sensitisation of asthma children in different climatic and geographic regions of Azerbaijan." PULMONOLOGIYA, no. 4 (August 28, 2007): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2007-0-4-23-38.

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The aim of the study was to analyse sensitisation to fungal allergens in asthmatic children living in different climatic and geographic regions of Azerbaijan. This work was a part of the "ISAAC" international programme (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood). We examined 233 school children aged 13 to 14 (119 boys and 114 girls) from 4 regions of the country. Fungal sensitisation was evaluated using prick-tests with fungal allergens. At the semi-desert climate, children living at cities were sensitised more often to Cladosporium herbarum (36.5 %) and Alternaria tenuis (33.8 %) and rarer to Phoma betae (13.5 %) and Penicillium notatum (18.9 %); rural children were sensitised more often to Epicoccum purpurascen (35.8 %) and rarer to Aspergillus fumigatus (15.1 %) and Candida albicans (17 %). The prevalence of sensitisation to Phoma betae in rural children was twice higher than in urban children. Fungal sensitisation in children living in the subtropical climate zone was more frequent compared to other regions; those children were sensitised more often to Epicoccum purpurascen (43.4 %), Alternaria tenuis (41.5 %), and Phoma betae (39.6 %) and rarer to Candida albicans (28.3 %). Children from mountainous regions were sensitised to the fungi relatively rare. Urban children from the semi-desert and subtropical regions had the most prominent sensitisation to Аlternaria tenuis, rural children from the semi-desert region were more sensitised to Epicoccum purpurascen and Phoma betae allergens. While worsening the asthma course, rate and severity of fungal sensitisation increase independently on the habitation region.

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Brand, Paul L. P., Richard M. Brohet, Olof Schwantje, and Lambert D. Dikkeschei. "Association between allergen component sensitisation and clinical allergic disease in children." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 50, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v50i2.598.

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Background: Allergen component sensitisation testing is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis of peanut allergy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between sensitisation and symptoms of allergic disease in children by testing a large panel of inhalants, food allergens, and allergen components. Methods: For 287 children visiting our laboratory for allergy testing, symptoms of allergic disease were recorded by standardised validated questionnaires. Specific IgE to 11 whole allergens was assessed by ImmunoCAP, and to 112 allergen components by ISAC ImmunoCAP assay. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to distinguish clinical phenotypes. Results: Inhalant and food allergen sensitisation was common, irrespective of the children’s allergic symptom type. Less than 10% of the variance in symptom scores was explained by variations in the number of allergens (components) that the child was sensitised to. In LCA, 135 children (50.2%) had mild allergy, with few symptoms and sensitisation to no or few allergens, 74 children (27.5%) had more symptoms and sensitisation to inhalant allergens (respiratory allergy) and 60 children (22.3%) showed polysensitisation to a median of six allergens and had more severe symptoms of different organ systems. Adding allergen component test results to LCA failed to result in identifiable classes of allergic disease in children. Conclusions: In this group of children with allergic symptoms, referred for allergy testing by their physician, broad screening for allergen component sensitisation did not contribute to distinguishing phenotypes of allergic disease.

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Thompson, Rachel L., Lisa M. Miles, Joanne Lunn, Graham Devereux, Rebecca J. Dearman, Jessica Strid, and Judith L. Buttriss. "Peanut sensitisation and allergy: influence of early life exposure to peanuts." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 9 (January 26, 2010): 1278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711450999376x.

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The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the influence of early life exposure (maternal and childhood) to peanuts and the subsequent development of sensitisation or allergy to peanuts during childhood. Studies were identified using electronic databases and bibliography searches. Studies that assessed the impact of non-avoidance compared with avoidance or reduced quantities of peanuts or peanut products on either sensitisation or allergy to peanuts, or both outcomes, were eligible. Six human studies were identified: two randomised controlled trials, two case–control studies and two cross-sectional studies. In addition, published animal and mechanistic studies, relevant to the question of whether early life exposure to peanuts affects the subsequent development of peanut sensitisation, were reviewed narratively. Overall, the evidence reviewed was heterogeneous, and was limited in quality, for example, through lack of adjustment for potentially confounding factors. The nature of the evidence has therefore hindered the development of definitive conclusions. The systematic review of human studies and narrative expert-led reviews of animal studies do not provide clear evidence to suggest that either maternal exposure, or early or delayed introduction of peanuts in the diets of children, has an impact upon subsequent development of sensitisation or allergy to peanuts. Results from some animal studies (and limited evidence from human subjects) suggest that the dose of peanuts is an important mediator of peanut sensitisation and tolerance; low doses tend to lead to sensitisation and higher doses tend to lead to tolerance.

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Tiew, Pei Yee, Fanny Wai San Ko, Sze Lei Pang, Sri Anusha Matta, Yang Yie Sio, Mau Ern Poh, Kenny J. X. Lau, et al. "Environmental fungal sensitisation associates with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 2000418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00418-2020.

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IntroductionAllergic sensitisation to fungi such as Aspergillus are associated to poor clinical outcomes in asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis; however, clinical relevance in COPD remains unclear.MethodsPatients with stable COPD (n=446) and nondiseased controls (n=51) were prospectively recruited across three countries (Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong) and screened against a comprehensive allergen panel including house dust mites, pollens, cockroach and fungi. For the first time, using a metagenomics approach, we assessed outdoor and indoor environmental allergen exposure in COPD. We identified key fungi in outdoor air and developed specific-IgE assays against the top culturable fungi, linking sensitisation responses to COPD outcomes. Indoor air and surface allergens were prospectively evaluated by metagenomics in the homes of 11 COPD patients and linked to clinical outcome.ResultsHigh frequencies of sensitisation to a broad range of allergens occur in COPD. Fungal sensitisation associates with frequent exacerbations, and unsupervised clustering reveals a “highly sensitised fungal predominant” subgroup demonstrating significant symptomatology, frequent exacerbations and poor lung function. Outdoor and indoor environments serve as important reservoirs of fungal allergen exposure in COPD and promote a sensitisation response to outdoor air fungi. Indoor (home) environments with high fungal allergens associate with greater COPD symptoms and poorer lung function, illustrating the importance of environmental exposures on clinical outcomes in COPD.ConclusionFungal sensitisation is prevalent in COPD and associates with frequent exacerbations representing a potential treatable trait. Outdoor and indoor (home) environments represent a key source of fungal allergen exposure, amenable to intervention, in “sensitised” COPD.

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Gløersen, Marthe, Pernille Steen Pettersen, Tuhina Neogi, Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen, Tore K. Kvien, Karin Magnusson, Hilde Berner Hammer, and Ida K. Haugen. "Associations of pain sensitisation with tender and painful joint counts in people with hand osteoarthritis: results from the Nor-Hand study." RMD Open 8, no. 1 (January 2022): e001774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001774.

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ObjectiveTo examine associations of pain sensitisation with tender and painful joint counts and presence of widespread pain in people with hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsPressure pain thresholds (PPT) at a painful finger joint and the tibialis anterior muscle, and temporal summation (TS) were measured in 291 persons with hand OA. We examined whether sex-standardised PPT and TS values were associated with assessor-reported tender hand joint count, self-reported painful hand and total body joint counts and presence of widespread pain using linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education and OA severity.ResultsPeople with lower PPTs at the painful finger joint (measure of peripheral and/or central sensitisation) had more tender and painful hand joints than people with higher PPTs. PPT at tibialis anterior (measure of central sensitisation) was associated with painful total body joint count (beta=−0.82, 95% CI −1.28 to –0.35) and presence of widespread pain (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77). The associations between TS (measure of central sensitisation) and joint counts in the hands and the total body were statistically non-significant.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study suggested that pain sensitisation (ie, lower PPTs) was associated with joint counts and widespread pain in hand OA. This knowledge may be used for improved pain phenotyping of people with hand OA, which may contribute to better pain management through more personalised medicine. Further studies are needed to assess whether a reduction of pain sensitisation leads to a decrease in tender and painful joint counts.

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Cirillo, Ignazio, F. Gallo, and G. Ciprandi. "Could routine spirometry suggest sensitisation in the military medicine setting?" Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 1 (November 24, 2017): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000841.

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IntroductionProviding evidence of sensitisation is the formal requirement for allergy diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether spirometry may be able to predict sensitisation in a representative cohort of Italian Navy military personnel.Methods2043 (1875 men, 168 women, mean age 28.35±11.6 years) Italian Navy military personnel were enrolled into this study. Spirometry and skin prick testing were performed to predict sensitisation.ResultsSensitisation, assessed by skin prick test, was documented in 658 (32.2%) subjects. Impaired forced expiratory flow at the 25% and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25–75) as demonstrated on spirometry was detected in 82 subjects, of whom 69 were sensitised (P<0.0001). Impaired FEF25–75 was significantly associated with sensitisation (OR 7.43; 95% CI 4.04 to 14.66; P<0.0001).DiscussionThe findings of this study suggest that impaired FEF25–75 may predict sensitisation in this cohort of Italian Navy personnel. This outcome is relevant in the military medical setting, as it could allow early identification of subjects with subclinical asthma.

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Previtali, Davide, Alberto Mameli, Stefano Zaffagnini, Paolo Marchettini, Christian Candrian, and Giuseppe Filardo. "Tendinopathies and Pain Sensitisation: A Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071749.

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The presence of pain sensitisation has been documented and reported as being a possible cause of treatment failure and pain chronicity in several musculoskeletal conditions, such as tendinopathies. The aim of the present study is to analyse existing evidence on pain sensitisation in tendinopathies comparing the local and distant pain thresholds of healthy and affected subjects with distinct analysis for different tendinopathies. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, Scopus, and Web Of Science were systematically searched after registration on PROSPERO (CRD42020164124). Level I to level IV studies evaluating the presence of pain sensitisation in patients with symptomatic tendinopathies, documented through a validated method, were included. A meta-analysis was performed to compare local, contralateral, and distant pain thresholds between patients and healthy controls with sub-analyses for different tendinopathies. Meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate the influence of age, activity level, and duration of symptoms on results. Thirty-four studies out of 2868 were included. The overall meta-analysis of local pressure pain thresholds (PPT) documented an increased sensitivity in affected subjects (p < 0.001). The analyses on contralateral PPTs (p < 0.001) and distant PPTs (p = 0.009) documented increased sensitivity in the affected group. The results of the sub-analyses on different tendinopathies were conflicting, except for those on lateral epicondylalgia. Patients’ activity level (p = 0.02) and age (p = 0.05) significantly influenced local PPT results. Tendinopathies are characterized by pain sensitisation, but, while features of both central and peripheral sensitisation can be constantly detected in lateral epicondylalgia, results on other tendinopathies were more conflicting. Patients’ characteristics are possible confounders that should be taken into account when addressing pain sensitisation.

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Goudman, Lisa, Ann De Smedt, Marc Noppen, and Maarten Moens. "Is Central Sensitisation the Missing Link of Persisting Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 5594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235594.

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Patients recovered from a COVID-19 infection often report vague symptoms of fatigue or dyspnoea, comparable to the manifestations in patients with central sensitisation. The hypothesis was that central sensitisation could be the underlying common aetiology in both patient populations. This study explored the presence of symptoms of central sensitisation, and the association with functional status and health-related quality of life, in patients post COVID-19 infection. Patients who were previously infected with COVID-19 filled out the Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI), the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale and the EuroQol with five dimensions, through an online survey. Eventually, 567 persons completed the survey. In total, 29.73% of the persons had a score of <40/100 on the CSI and 70.26% had a score of ≥40/100. Regarding functional status, 7.34% had no functional limitations, 9.13% had negligible functional limitations, 37.30% reported slight functional limitations, 42.86% indicated moderate functional limitations and 3.37% reported severe functional limitations. Based on a one-way ANOVA test, there was a significant effect of PCFS Scale group level on the total CSI score (F(4,486) = 46.17, p < 0.001). This survey indicated the presence of symptoms of central sensitisation in more than 70% of patients post COVID-19 infection, suggesting towards the need for patient education and multimodal rehabilitation, to target nociplastic pain.

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&NA;. "Leflunomide may prevent allergic sensitisation." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1131 (April 1998): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199811310-00015.

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White, Nicholas, and Gulraiz Rauf. "Sensitisation to red tattoo pigment." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 55, no. 4 (June 2002): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/bjps.2002.3838.

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McMahon, S. B. "Sensitisation of gastrointestinal tract afferents." Gut 53, no. 90002 (March 1, 2004): 13ii—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.033431.

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Ormerod, Anthony D., and Robert A. Main. "Sensitisation to “sensitive teeth” toothpaste." Contact Dermatitis 13, no. 3 (August 1985): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02540.x.

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Cox, Neil H., and Sam Shuster. "Risk of sensitisation to Kathon." Contact Dermatitis 18, no. 1 (January 1988): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05494.x.

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Roberts, D., S. J. Enoch, M. Seed, J. Stocks, R. Agius, and M. T. D. Cronin. "Category formation for respiratory sensitisation." Toxicology Letters 211 (June 2012): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.032.

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Hoffmann, Sebastian, Nathalie Alépée, Takao Ashikaga, Elodie Clouet, Magalie Cluzel, Aurelie Del Bufalo, Nicola Gilmour, et al. "Cosmetics Europe's skin sensitisation database." Toxicology Letters 280 (October 2017): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.112.

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Uhlig, Torsten, Ernst Eber, and Peter D. Sly. "Primary Prevention of Allergic Sensitisation." BioDrugs 12, no. 1 (1999): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00063030-199912010-00002.

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Bordel-Gómez, M. ªT, and A. Miranda-Romero. "Palladium allergy: a frequent sensitisation." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 36, no. 5 (August 2008): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0546(08)75227-3.

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Cochrane, Stella A., Josje H. E. Arts, Colin Ehnes, Stuart Hindle, Heli M. Hollnagel, Alan Poole, Hidenori Suto, and Ian Kimber. "Thresholds in chemical respiratory sensitisation." Toxicology 333 (July 2015): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.04.010.

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Macarthur, Mairi, and Michaela Davies. "Sensitisation to red tattoo pigment." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 56, no. 1 (January 2003): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1226(02)00410-1.

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