Journal articles: 'Sensing element'

1

Marle, Olivier, and Jae-Bong Koo. "Programmable Hall Effect Sensing Element." International Journal of Automotive Engineering 7, no. 4 (2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.7.4_153.

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Cataldo, Andrea, Raissa Schiavoni, Antonio Masciullo, Giuseppe Cannazza, Francesco Micelli, and Egidio De Benedetto. "Combined Punctual and Diffused Monitoring of Concrete Structures Based on Dielectric Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 4872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144872.

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This work presents a microwave reflectometry-based system for monitoring large concrete structures (during the curing process and also while the structure is in use), through the combined use of punctual and diffused sensing elements. In particular, the adoption of punctual probes on a reference concrete specimen allows the development of an innovative and accurate calibration procedure, useful to obtain the value of the water content on a larger structure made of the same material. Additionally, a wire-like diffused sensing element can be permanently embedded in buildings and used to monitor the structure along the entire length of the sensing element. The adopted diffused sensing element can be used not only to detect dielectric variation during the curing process, but also throughout the service life of the structure. The combined use of punctual and diffused sensing elements represents an important innovation from a procedural point of view, able to provide detailed and quantitative information on the health status of the structure both during and after construction.

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Odoi, Wataru, and Hidetoshi Takahashi. "Pitot tube using flexible sensing element." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2019.10 (2019): 20pm3PN218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2019.10.20pm3pn218.

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Yang, Xing, Zhao-ying Zhou, Ying Wu, Jin Zhang, and Ying-ying Zhang. "A carbon nanotube-based sensing element." Optoelectronics Letters 3, no. 2 (March 2007): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-007-7023-1.

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Ignatov, Anton I., and Alexander M. Merzlikin. "Two optical sensing elements for H2O and NO2 gas sensing based on the single plasmonic – photonic crystal slab." Advanced Optical Technologies 9, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0059.

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AbstractTwo optical sensing elements based on the surface plasmon waves at the plasmonic-photonic-crystal/air interface, excited in the Kretschmann configuration, are proposed. The sensing elements are designed to detect air humidity and NO2 concentration in air. The angular reflectance spectra of the sensing elements are theoretically analyzed as the function of the analyte concentration. The proposed NO2-sensing element has no cross-sensitivity to humidity. The two sensing elements are based on the same multilayer metal-dielectric structure with the only exception on different gas-sensitive material layers. When combined, the sensing elements can be used to measure humidity and NO2 concentration in humid air.

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Mishra, Surabhi, Pooja Lohia, Priyanka Chaudhary, B. C. Yadav, D. K. Dwivedi, Hassan Fouad, and M. S. Akhtar. "High-Performance Humidity Sensing of Arsenic Based Chalcogenide Thin Films at Different Frequencies." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 2033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4153.

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Present paper consists of the study of arsenic-based chalcogenide thin film for sensing elements for humidity sensors. The chemical composition of the prepared sensing element makes it more sensitive towards water molecule absorption and hence affects sensitivity. The bulk samples of Ge–Se–Te–As composition were prepared using the conventional melt-quench technique and the thin films were obtained using the thermal evaporation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the prepared sensing element. Tauc’s plot, using UV-Vis spectrophotometer data, was used to determine the optical bandgap of the sensing materials. The relative humidity (RH) variation of the prepared sensing element was recorded in the range of 10%–90%. The sensitivity of the prepared sensing membrane was obtained as 8.54 MΩ/%RH, 9.724 MΩ/%RH, 10.257 MΩ/%RH for x = 10, 20, 30 respectively. The repeatability of the prepared samples was also reported to increase with Arsenic concentration.

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Kuswanto, Heru, Ichwan Abimanyu, and Wipsar Sunu Brams Dwandaru. "Increasing the Sensitivity of Polymer Optical Fiber Sensing Element in Detecting Humidity: Combination of Macro and Micro Bendings." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 7 (March 12, 2022): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3200.

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Humidity sensing is essential in various fields, including industrial processes, agriculture, engineering, and health. A material suitable as a sensing element for humidity detecting is polymer optical fiber (POF). In this study, a combination of micro and macro bendings was proposed to increase the sensitivity of the sensing element. The sensing element was constructed by peeling the out-most coating of the POF, but keeping intact the cladding and core. The macro bending was done upon the peeled part of the POF by making a circular form with varying diameter of 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 cm. The micro bending was constructed by making a local bent via subjecting to electrical discharge flame from an inductor generator with varying number of micro bendings, i.e., 1, 2 and 3. The sensing element was then tested for its sensitivity as a humidity sensor. The sensing element was positioned inside a self-custom made humidity measurement box consisting of a hygrometer and a pipe to stream water vapor inside the box. The normalized power was measured by varying the % humidity inside the box. In general, the result showed that increasing the humidity caused the normalized lupower to decrease, hence increasing the power loss of the sensing element. Moreover, the sensitivity of the sensing element was increased 10 times for the combined micro and macro bendings compared to a sensing element without micro bendings. HIGHLIGHTS In this study, we increase the sensitivity of a polymer optical fiber (POF) sensing element via a combination of micro and macro bendings. The sensing element is constructed by peeling the out-most coating of the POF, but keeping the cladding and core The macro bending is done upon the peeled part of the POF in a circular form. The micro bending is constructed by making a local bent via subjecting to electrical discharge flame from an inductor generator The sensing element is then tested for its sensitivity as a humidity sensor. The sensing element is put inside a self-custom made humidity box. The normalized power was measured by varying the % humidity inside the box The result shows that increasing the humidity causes the normalized power to decrease, hence increasing the power loss of the sensing element. Moreover, the sensitivity of the sensing element is increased 10 times for the combined micro and macro bendings compared to a sensing element without micro bendings GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Abdollahzadeh, Mohammad Amin, Adnan Kefal, and Mehmet Yildiz. "A Comparative and Review Study on Shape and Stress Sensing of Flat/Curved Shell Geometries Using C0-Continuous Family of iFEM Elements." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143808.

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In this study, we methodologically compare and review the accuracy and performance of C0-continuous flat and curved inverse-shell elements (i.e., iMIN3, iQS4, and iCS8) for inverse finite element method (iFEM) in terms of shape, strain, and stress monitoring, and damage detection on various plane and curved geometries subjected to different loading and constraint conditions. For this purpose, four different benchmark problems are proposed, namely, a tapered plate, a quarter of a cylindrical shell, a stiffened curved plate, and a curved plate with a degraded material region in stiffness, representing a damage. The complexity of these test cases is increased systematically to reveal the advantages and shortcomings of the elements under different sensor density deployments. The reference displacement solutions and strain-sensor data used in the benchmark problems are established numerically, utilizing direct finite element analysis. After performing shape-, strain-, and stress-sensing analyses, the reference solutions are compared to the reconstructed solutions of iMIN3, iQS4, and iCS8 models. For plane geometries with sparse sensor configurations, these three elements provide rather close reconstructed-displacement fields with slightly more accurate stress sensing using iCS8 than when using iMIN3/iQS4. It is demonstrated on the curved geometry that the cross-diagonal meshing of a quadrilateral element pattern (e.g., leading to four iMIN3 elements) improves the accuracy of the displacement reconstruction as compared to a single-diagonal meshing strategy (e.g., two iMIN3 elements in a quad-shape element) utilizing iMIN3 element. Nevertheless, regardless of any geometry, sensor density, and meshing strategy, iQS4 has better shape and stress-sensing than iMIN3. As the complexity of the problem is elevated, the predictive capabilities of iCS8 element become obviously superior to that of flat inverse-shell elements (e.g., iMIN3 and iQS4) in terms of both shape sensing and damage detection. Comprehensively speaking, we envisage that the set of scrupulously selected test cases proposed herein can be reliable benchmarks for testing/validating/comparing for the features of newly developed inverse elements.

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Savino, Pierclaudio, Francesco Tondolo, Marco Gherlone, and Alexander Tessler. "Application of Inverse Finite Element Method to Shape Sensing of Curved Beams." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 7012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247012.

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Curved beam, plate, and shell finite elements are commonly used in the finite element modeling of a wide range of civil and mechanical engineering structures. In civil engineering, curved elements are used to model tunnels, arch bridges, pipelines, and domes. Such structures provide a more efficient load transfer than their straight/flat counterparts due to the additional strength provided by their curved geometry. The load transfer is characterized by the bending, shear, and membrane actions. In this paper, a higher-order curved inverse beam element is developed for the inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM), which is aimed at reconstructing the deformed structural shapes based on real-time, in situ strain measurements. The proposed two-node inverse beam element is based on the quintic-degree polynomial shape functions that interpolate the kinematic variables. The element is C2 continuous and has rapid convergence characteristics. To assess the element predictive capabilities, several circular arch structures subjected to static loading are analyzed, under the assumption of linear elasticity and isotropic material behavior. Comparisons between direct FEM and iFEM results are presented. It is demonstrated that the present inverse beam finite element is both efficient and accurate, requiring only a few element subdivisions to reconstruct an accurate displacement field of shallow and deep curved beams.

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Chakarborty, Sekhar, Sudip Suklabaidya, D. Bhattacharjee, and Syed Arshad Hussain. "Polydiacetylene (PDA) Film: A unique sensing element." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2018): 2367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.243.

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Kuznetsov, Vitalii A., Alexander S. Berdinsky, Alexandra Yu Ledneva, Sofya B. Artemkina, Mariya S. Tarasenko, and Vladimir E. Fedorov. "Film Mo0.95Re0.05S2 as a strain-sensing element." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 226 (May 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.02.020.

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12

Goustouridis, D., S. Chatzandroulis, P. Normand, and D. Tsoukalas. "A miniature self-aligned pressure sensing element." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 6, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/6/1/004.

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13

Blech, Joab J. "Resonant element force transducer for acceleration sensing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 3 (September 1989): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398041.

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14

Antonov, Anatoliy S., Nikita A. Buznikov, Timur T. Sultan-Zade, and Alexey A. Shkliaev. "Measurement of magnetic noise in magnetoimpedance sensing element." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818502010.

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A method for measurement of magnetic noise in magnetoimpedance sensing element is proposed. Glass-coated Co-based amorphous microwires with a slightly negative magnetostriction were used as the sensing element. The operation principle of the sensing element was based on the nonlinear off-diagonal magnetoimpedance, when field dependent higher harmonic components appeared in voltage in the pick-up coil wound around the microwire. The magnetic noise for the second harmonic in the pick-up coil voltage was studied. The dependences of the magnetic noise and the signal-to-noise ratio in the sensitive element on the current amplitude were analyzed. The noise performance of the second harmonic in the pick-up coil voltage was compared to that for a flux-gate sensing element.

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15

Alamán, Jorge, María López-Valdeolivas, Raquel Alicante, and Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos. "Optical Planar Waveguide Sensor with Integrated Digitally-Printed Light Coupling-in and Readout Elements." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132856.

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Optical planar waveguide sensors, able to detect and process information from the environment in a fast, cost-effective, and remote fashion, are of great interest currently in different application areas including security, metrology, automotive, aerospace, consumer electronics, energy, environment, or health. Integration of networks of these systems together with other optical elements, such as light sources, readout, or detection systems, in a planar waveguide geometry is greatly demanded towards more compact, portable, and versatile sensing platforms. Herein, we report an optical temperature sensor with a planar waveguide architecture integrating inkjet-printed luminescent light coupling-in and readout elements with matched emission and excitation. The first luminescent element, when illuminated with light in its absorption band, emits light that is partially coupled into the propagation modes of the planar waveguide. Remote excitation of this element can be performed without the need for special alignment of the light source. A thermoresponsive liquid crystal-based film regulates the amount of light coupled out from the planar waveguide at the sensing location. The second luminescent element partly absorbs the waveguided light that reaches its location and emits at longer wavelengths, serving as a temperature readout element through luminescence intensity measurements. Overall, the ability of inkjet technology to digitally print luminescent elements demonstrates great potential for the integration and miniaturization of light coupling-in and readout elements in optical planar waveguide sensing platforms.

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Bhargav, K. K., A. Maity, S. Ram, and S. B. Majumder. "Low temperature butane sensing using catalytic nano-crystalline lanthanum ferrite sensing element." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 195 (May 2014): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.01.042.

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Ye, Zhuang, Zhi Li, Jixiang Dai, Yuhuan Qin, Gaopeng Wang, Zihui Yuan, and Minghong Yang. "Hydrogen sensing performance investigations with optical heating and sensing element surface modification." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 1 (January 2021): 1411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.140.

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18

Salmerón, José, Andreas Albrecht, Silmi Kaffah, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, and Almudena Rivadeneyra. "Wireless Chipless System for Humidity Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072275.

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This work describes a fully wireless sensory system where a chipless strategy is followed in the sensor part. Alternatively, to characterize only the sensing element, we present the response of the reader antenna when the sensing element is placed in its vicinity: changes in the parameter of interest are seen by the reader through inductive coupling, varying its frequency response. The sensing part consists of a LC circuit manufactured by printing techniques on a flexible substrate, whose electrical permittivity shows dependence with the moisture content. The measurement distance show significant differences in the frequency response: a change of 700 kHz is observed when the measurement is performed directly on the wireless chipless sensor between 20% and 80%RH, while this variation in frequency is reduced more than three times when measuring at the reader antenna with 5 mm distance between elements. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the separation between reader and sensor to get a reliable measuring system.

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Minami, Kosuke, and Genki Yoshikawa. "Finite Element Analysis of Interface Dependence on Nanomechanical Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051518.

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Nanomechanical sensors and their arrays have been attracting significant attention for detecting, discriminating and identifying target analytes. The sensing responses can be partially explained by the physical properties of the receptor layers coated on the sensing elements. Analytical solutions of nanomechanical sensing are available for a simple cantilever model including the physical parameters of both a cantilever and a receptor layer. These analytical solutions generally rely on the simple structures, such that the sensing element and the receptor layer are fully attached at their boundary. However, an actual interface in a real system is not always fully attached because of inhomogeneous coatings with low affinity to the sensor surface or partial detachments caused by the exposure to some analytes, especially with high concentration. Here, we study the effects of such macroscopic interfacial structures, including partial attachments/detachments, for static nanomechanical sensing, focusing on a Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor (MSS), through finite element analysis (FEA). We simulate various macroscopic interfacial structures by changing the sizes, numbers and positions of the attachments as well as the elastic properties of receptor layers (e.g., Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) and evaluate the effects on the sensitivity. It is found that specific interfacial structures lead to efficient sensing responses, providing a guideline for designing the coating films as well as optimizing the interfacial structures for higher sensitivity including surface modification of the substrate.

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HUANG, XINGJIU, YUFENG SUN, LIANCHAO WANG, FANLI MENG, and JINHUAI LIU. "HUMIDITY SENSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOXYLATION CARBON NANOTUBES MODIFIED WITH LiClO4." International Journal of Information Acquisition 01, no. 01 (March 2004): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878904000021.

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In this paper, the humidity sensing properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with LiClO 4 was investigated. FTIR spectra showed that the ends of carbon nanotubes purified with nitric acid was opened and saturated with carboxylic acid groups and carboxylate groups. For comparison, the humidity sensing characteristics of four elements, MnWO 4 (Hubnerite), BaTiO 3 (Perovskite), NiWO 4 (Huberite), ZnCr 2 O 4 (Spinel) were discussed. Experimental data showed that LiClO 4/ MWNTs element exhibited excellent humidity sensing properties, that is, the response time can reach 7 min, the recovery time within 1 min and its sensitivity up to 35 000. Also, it was found that a small increase in resistance of pure MWNTs disappeared during the first few minutes after exposure to water by modifying with LiClO 4. The static and dynamic measurements showed that WMNTs / LiClO 4 sensing element exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to water vapor.

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Huang, Shi Zhen, Wei Lin, and Wen Zhe Chen. "The Gas Sensitvity Character of WO₃ Nanosized Material." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.126.

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By thermal decomposition, WO3 nanosized material was prepared as sensitive material and doped SiO2 nanosized material has been prepared using Sol-Gel process. NO2 gas-sensing elements have been manufactured with prepared material. The element is sensitive to NO2 with fairly good selectivity. Micro-structure of the material was analyzed by SEM, and the sensing mechanism was discussed.

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Yang, Yichao, Kohei Yamamoto, Victor Huarcaya, Christoph Vorndamme, Daniel Penkert, Germán Fernández Barranco, Thomas S. Schwarze, et al. "Single-Element Dual-Interferometer for Precision Inertial Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174986.

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Tracking moving masses in several degrees of freedom with high precision and large dynamic range is a central aspect in many current and future gravitational physics experiments. Laser interferometers have been established as one of the tools of choice for such measurement schemes. Using sinusoidal phase modulation homodyne interferometry allows a drastic reduction of the complexity of the optical setup, a key limitation of multi-channel interferometry. By shifting the complexity of the setup to the signal processing stage, these methods enable devices with a size and weight not feasible using conventional techniques. In this paper we present the design of a novel sensor topology based on deep frequency modulation interferometry: the self-referenced single-element dual-interferometer (SEDI) inertial sensor, which takes simplification one step further by accommodating two interferometers in one optic. Using a combination of computer models and analytical methods we show that an inertial sensor with sub-picometer precision for frequencies above 10 mHz, in a package of a few cubic inches, seems feasible with our approach. Moreover we show that by combining two of these devices it is possible to reach sub-picometer precision down to 2 mHz. In combination with the given compactness, this makes the SEDI sensor a promising approach for applications in high precision inertial sensing for both next-generation space-based gravity missions employing drag-free control, and ground-based experiments employing inertial isolation systems with optical readout.

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Bueno, Paulo R., Flávio C. Bedatty Fernandes, and Jason J. Davis. "Quantum capacitance as a reagentless molecular sensing element." Nanoscale 9, no. 40 (2017): 15362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06160a.

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The application of nanoscale capacitance as a transduction of molecular recognition relevant to molecular diagnostics is demonstrated, wherein the energy-related signal relates directly to the electron occupation of quantized states.

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Martinez, M., and A. Artemev. "A Novel Approach to a Piezoelectric Sensing Element." Journal of Sensors 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/816068.

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Piezoelectric materials have commonly been used in pressure and stress sensors; however, many designs consist of thin plate structures that produce small voltage signals when they are compressed or extended under a pressure field. This study used finite element methods to design a novel piezoelectric pressure sensor with a C-shaped piezoelectric element and determine if the voltage signal obtained during hydrostatic pressure application was enhanced compared to a standard thin plate piezoelectric element. The results of this study demonstrated how small deformations of this C-shaped sensor produced a large electrical signal output. It was also shown that the location of the electrodes for this sensor needs to be carefully chosen and that the electric potential distribution varies depending on the poling of the piezoelectric element. This study indicated that the utilization of piezoelectric materials of different shapes and geometries embedded in a polymer matrix for sensing applications has several advantages over thin plate solid piezoelectric structures.

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Arpaia, P., A. Ballarino, L. Bottura, and G. Montenero. "A cryogenic sensing element for measurement current transformers." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 03 (March 24, 2014): P03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/03/p03011.

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Shinoda, H., and H. Oasa. "Wireless tactile sensing element using stress-sensitive resonator." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 5, no. 3 (2000): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3516.868917.

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Surla, Radoslav, Nebojsa Mitrovic, Slobodan Djukic, and Vedran Ibrahimovic. "Amorphous Fe72Cu1V4Si15B8 ribbon as magneto-impedance sensing element." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 13, no. 3 (2016): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1603381s.

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?agneto-impedance (MI) effect in the Fe72Cu1V4Si15B8 amorphous ribbon obtained by melt spinning method has been studied. The aim of study was the characterisation of this ribbon in as-cast state in terms of its application as a MI sensor. The experiments on MI elements were performed in the frequency range from 30 kHz to 300 MHz and maximum external magnetic field up to 28.6 kA/m. Maximum observed MI-ratio (?Z = Z(0) - Z(Hmax), Hmax = 28.6 kA/m) has amounted to ?Z/Z(Hmax) = 173% at a frequency of 20.46 MHz. The MI curve measured up to 20 MHz shows some shoulder indicating the growth of rotational contribution of magnetization that appears above the domain wall relaxation frequency. The MI profile at frequencies higher than 30 MHz, exhibits a clear peak positioned at transverse anisotropy field Hk, suggesting domination of rotation magnetization in transverse permeability. The linearity in the range up to 5 kA/m with sensitivity of about 11 %/kA/m was observed.

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Gauthier, R. C., and M. Boudreau. "Fibre-optic digital single point temperature sensing element." Optics & Laser Technology 23, no. 6 (December 1991): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(91)90075-y.

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Kollu, Pratap, Seok Soo Yoon, Chong Oh Kim, and Cheol Gi Kim. "Factors Influencing the Sensitivity of the CDMPI Sensor." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.887.

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A highly sensitive magnetic sensor using the GMI (Giant Magneto Impedance) effect has been developed. The sensor performance is studied and estimated. The sensor circuitry consists of a Square wave generator (driving source), a sensing element in a form of composite wire of a 20μm copper core electrodeposited with a thin layer of soft magnetic material (Ni80Fe20), two amplifier stages for improving the gain from the sensor element, switching mechanism, scaler circuit, an ac power source driving the permeability of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing element into a dynamic state, and a signal pickup LC circuit formed by a pickup coil and an capacitor .The results showed that for high sensitivity and resolution (10-7 T), the frequency and magnitude of the ac driving current through the sensing element each has an optimum value, the resonance frequency of the signal pickup LC circuit should be equal to or twice as the driving frequency on the sensing element, and the anisotropy of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing wire element should be longitudinal.

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Yang, Shuxin. "Piezoelectric Sensing Element-Assisted Ceramic Art Process Optimization and Visual Quantitative Characterization." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3134909.

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In this paper, piezoelectric sensing elements are used to assist in the study and analysis of ceramic art process optimization and visual quantization characteristics. A series piezoelectric element impedance sensor is designed based on the resonant frequency characteristics of the series piezoelectric element. Combining the resonant frequency characteristics of the series piezoelectric element and the basic principle of the impedance method, a multisensing impedance method based on the series piezoelectric element impedance sensor is proposed. The feasibility of the multisensing impedance method for monitoring the grout compactness was verified experimentally, and the basic principle of the method was further investigated by finite element simulation. The vase-type porcelain vessels were classified according to symmetry elements to find the characteristic points, the abdominal morphology was used as the basis for classification, and the screened samples were extracted from the contours to exclude the influence of other factors on the vessel shape. By the symmetrical elements of each type of ware, the classification principle of the ware type was designed and divided into six types, and each type was further subdivided into various types to establish a typological map of Qing dynasty bottle porcelain. The information entropy redundancy that describes the uniformity of the code appearance probability and the visual redundancy that describes the human eye’s sensitivity to image content or details are all entry points that can be considered for image coding. The experimental results show that the LBP-HOG fusion features can digitally express the information of ancient ceramic ornamentation and dig and verify the evolution of ceramic ornamentation with the times from the digital quantity. The GRNN model has an excellent performance in processing small samples of ancient ceramic data.

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Abramov, Yuriy, Oleksii Basmanov, and Yaroslav Kozak. "Substantiating the pulse method for determining the time parameter of fire detectors with a thermoresistive sensing element." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 5 (114) (December 21, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.244235.

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This paper substantiates the pulse method for determining the time parameter for fire detectors with a thermoresistive sensing element ‒ the time constant. The method is based on using the Joule-Lenz effect, which manifests itself when an electric current pulse passes through the thermoresistive sensing element of fire detectors. Thermal processes in such a sensing element are described by a mathematical model that belongs to the class of equations of mathematical physics. The solution to the differential equation of this class was derived using the Hankel integral transformation and is represented as a series relative to the Bessel functions. The resulting solution is used to construct a mathematical model of a thermoresistive sensing element in the form of a transfer function, which takes the form of the transfer function of the inertial link. To trigger the thermoresistive sensing element of fire detectors, a single pulse of electric current in the shape of a rectangular triangle is used. The integral Laplace transformation was applied to mathematically describe the response of a thermoresistive sensing element to the thermal effect of such a test influence. To obtain information about the time parameter of fire detectors with a thermoresistive sensing element, the ratio of its output signals is used, which are measured in the a priori defined moments. A two-parametric expression was built to determine the time parameter of fire detectors; a verbal interpretation of the pulse method to determine it was provided. The implementation of this method ensures the invariance of the time parameter of fire detectors with a thermoresistive sensing element relative to the amplitude of a single pulse of an electric current, as well as relative to the parameter that is included in its transfer coefficient.

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Yeh, Po-Chen, Hao Duan, and Tien-Kan Chung. "A Novel Three-Axial Magnetic-Piezoelectric MEMS AC Magnetic Field Sensor." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (October 20, 2019): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100710.

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We report a novel three-axial magnetic-piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) magnetic field sensor. The sensor mainly consists of two sensing elements. Each of the sensing elements consists of a magnetic Ni thick film, a Pt/Ti top electrode, a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film, a Pt/Ti bottom electrode, a SiO2 insulation layer, and a moveable Si MEMS diaphragm. When the sensor is subjected to an AC magnetic field oscillating at 7.5 kHz, a magnetic force interaction between the magnetic field and Ni thick film is produced. Subsequently, the force deforms and deflects the diaphragms as well as the PZT thin film deposited on the diaphragms. The deformation and deflection produce corresponding voltage outputs due to the piezoelectric effect. By analyzing the voltage outputs through our criterion, we can obtain details of the unknown magnetic fields to which the sensor is subjected. This achieves sensing of three-axial magnetic fields. The experimental results show that the sensor is able to sense three-axial magnetic fields ranging from 1 to 20 Oe, with X-axial, Y-axial, and Z-axial sensitivities of 0.156 mVrms/Oe, 0.156 mVrms/Oe, and 0.035 mVrms/Oe, respectively, for sensing element A and 0.033 mVrms/Oe, 0.044 mVrms/Oe, and 0.130 mVrms/Oe, respectively, for sensing element B.

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Oguma, Kohei, Tasuku Sato, Tomohiro Kawahara, Yoshikazu Haramoto, and Yoko Yamanishi. "Identification of Aquatic Organisms Using a Magneto-Optical Element." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 3254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153254.

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In recent advanced information society, it is important to individually identify products or living organisms automatically and quickly. However, with the current identifying technology such as RFID tag or biometrics, it is difficult to apply to amphibians such as frogs or newts because of its size, stability, weakness under a wet environment and so on. Thus, this research aims to establish a system that can trace small amphibians easily even in a wet environment and keep stable sensing for a long time. The magnetism was employed for identification because it was less influenced by water for a long time. Here, a novel magnetization-free micro-magnetic tag is proposed and fabricated with low cost for installation to a living target sensed by Magneto-Optical sensor for high throughput sensing. The sensing ability of the proposed method, which was evaluated by image analysis, indicated that it was less than half of the target value (1 mm) both in the water and air. The FEM analysis showed that it is approximately twice the actual identification ability under ideal conditions, which suggests that the actual sensing ability can be extended by further improvement of the sensing system. The developed magnetization-free micro-magnetic tag can contribute to keep up the increasing demand to identify a number of samples under a wet environment especially with the development of gene technology.

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Pandey, Narendra Kumar, Karunesh Tiwari, and Akash Roy. "Characterization and Humidity Sensing Application of ZnO-TiO₂ Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 304 (July 2011): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.304.48.

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Paper reports morphological and relative humidity sensing studies of ZnO-TiO2nanocomposite powder pellets obtained through solid-state reaction route. When exposed to humidity, resistance of pellets decreases with increase in relative humidity from 10-90%. Sensing element with 15 weight % of TiO2in ZnO shows best results with maximum sensitivity of 9.08 MΩ/%RH in 10-90% relative humidity range. This sensing element manifests smallest crystallite size of 71 nm as measured from XRD and lowest grain size of 207 nm calculated from SEM micrograph. This sensing element has the lowest value of activation energy, and hence higher electronic conduction.

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Liu, Hai Feng, Tong Jiang Peng, Hong Juan Sun, and Qiang Wei Xie. "Humidity Sensing Characteristics of Montmorillonite Ion Conductors." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.344.

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. In order to exploit a kind of low cost and environment-friendly humidity sensing materials, a series of Li-modified montmorillonite ion conductors were prepared using the montmorillonite form Jimusaer in Xinjiang Province of China. The montmorillonite humidity sensing elements were made by the thick film technique on mica substrates. Then the structures of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the humidity sensing characteristics of the elements were tested by an equipment of the resistance testing. The results indicate that the resistances of the montmorillonite humidity elements all decrease with the increase of the system humidity. But there is a great discrepancy between the resistances of Na- montmorillonite humidity element when humidity adsorption and desorption. It was found that Li-modification montmorillonite ion conductors behave well as a humidity sensing material in 30～90% RH (relative humidity). The suitable experimental parameters of montmorillonite Li-modifying under ~ 80°Care obtained.

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Lagisquet, Justine, Kilian Zuber, and Thomas Gramberg. "Recognize Yourself—Innate Sensing of Non-LTR Retrotransposons." Viruses 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010094.

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Although mobile genetic elements, or transposons, have played an important role in genome evolution, excess activity of mobile elements can have detrimental consequences. Already, the enhanced expression of transposons-derived nucleic acids can trigger autoimmune reactions that may result in severe autoinflammatory disorders. Thus, cells contain several layers of protective measures to restrict transposons and to sense the enhanced activity of these “intragenomic pathogens”. This review focuses on our current understanding of immunogenic patterns derived from the most active elements in humans, the retrotransposons long interspersed element (LINE)-1 and Alu. We describe the role of known pattern recognition receptors in nucleic acid sensing of LINE-1 and Alu and the possible consequences for autoimmune diseases.

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Zinchenko, V. N., N. A. Kashirin, V. M. Nechaev, A. V. Dayneko, A. M. Khramtsov, O. Sh Mamin, and A. A. Golubskiy. "Bending Sensing Elements for Small-Sized Shock Sensors - Accelerometers." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 22, no. 9 (December 29, 2020): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.22.511-515.

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The article considers the search for technical solutions and the choice of the basic design of the sensitive element, based on the calculated ratios obtained from research work and measurements of experimental samples. The calculations were confirmed on the design of bending sensitive elements made on the basis of film technology for small-sized impact sensors.

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Pandey, N. K., A. Tripathi, Dr Karunesh Tiwari, and Akash Roy. "Relative Humidity Sensing Studies of WO₃-ZnO Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.365.

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Paper reports morphological and humidity sensing studies of WO3 and WO3-ZnO nanocomposite pellets prepared in the weight % ratio of 10:1, 4:1 and 2:1 by solid-state reaction route. The pellets have been annealed at temperatures of 300-500°C. XRD pattern shows peaks of ZnWO4 formed due to solid state reaction between WO3 and ZnO. SEM micrographs show that the sensing elements manifest porous structure. Granulation and tendency to agglomerate seen in the SEM micrograph are due to the presence of zinc ions in ZnWO4. Nanoparticles are having their sizes in the range 37-182 nm. The average Kelvin radius at 20°C room temperature is 27 Ả. Humidity sensing application of the pellets has been studied in a humidity control cabinet. It is observed that as relative humidity increases, there is decrease in the resistance of pellets in the range 10-85% RH. Sensing element of WO3-ZnO in 2:1 weight % ratio shows best results in 10-85 % relative humidity range. The average sensitivity of this sample is 1.20 MΩ/%RH. This sensing element shows good reproducibility, low hysteresis and less effect of aging.

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Keshamoni, Kumar. "Design and architecture of wireless body area network using android application." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v8i2.pp71-76.

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Patients in hospitals have issue with health instrumentality that's connected with wires to their body. Wired health instrumentality restricts the quality of the patient. Moreover, health caretaker’s area unit compelled to work the instrumentality and take the measurements. Hence, wireless observance of patient is incredibly effective resolution thereto drawback. The most target of this study was to analysis the present trend and prospect of wireless observance of patients within the hospitals. This study conjointly aims to create the epitome system to implement wireless observance. Additionally to that, this thesis conjointly studies most fitted technique for building the foremost effective wireless observance system. The sensing element nodes and receiver of the epitome were designed. Golem phone was used as entranceway to receive the information from sensing element node and forward the information into receiver. Bluetooth Low energy was wont to communicate between sensing element nodes and golem phone. LAN is employed to speak between golem phone and also the receiver that is connected to laptop. The sensing element readings were initially ascertained in Arduino Serial Monitor so sent to sink node. The sensing element readings of a body were displayed in golem phone and yet as within the web site. Real time information of sensing element was created and with success updated within the web site. The study of results and project showed that wireless observance would be terribly effective by exploitation Interference free, short vary and extremely secure suggests that of communication. Bluetooth low energy that is appropriate choice for the system. Style of sensing element nodes ought to be terribly tiny as a result of it's to be worn round the body. Therefore smaller parts ought to be used.

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Pan, Gong Yu, and Shen Shen Wang. "Study on the Vibration Control Based on the Piezoelectric Self-Sensing Vibration Damper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.739.

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<p>As the sensing element and a driving element for vibration control using smart materials, the structural vibration control is very active field for research and application. This paper mainly study the characteristics of piezoelectric self-sensing vibration .Through the action analysis of research on Piezoelectric Actuator establish a self-sensing piezoelectric vibration damper and a model of self-sensing piezoelectric absorber . Then through the experiment and simulation, get the study on its characteristics.</p>

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Wang, Shi Tao, Yu Bin Jia, Bin Zhen Zhang, Xue Song Liu, Qin Wen Huang, and Yi Long Hao. "Analysis and Improvement of a 3 Axis Accelerometer." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.163.

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In this paper, an integrated 3-axis MEMS accelerometer was analyzed. Because of asymmetrical structure, z-axis sensing element, which was imbedded in the proof mass of lateral accelerometers, had large mechanical coupling. Simulation result showed that the cross talk in z-axis was as high as 64.3%. To solve the problem, a fully symmetrical structure with vertical springs was adopted in z-axis sensing element. The movement of z-axis was linear vertical displacement instead of torsional displacement. Simulation results showed there was no obvious cross talk in z-axis sensing element.

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Jalkanen, Tero, Anni Määttänen, Ermei Mäkilä, Jaani Tuura, Martti Kaasalainen, Vesa-Pekka Lehto, Petri Ihalainen, Jouko Peltonen, and Jarno Salonen. "Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/927396.

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A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

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Chen, Jinyan, Van-Thai Tran, Hejun Du, Junshan Wang, and Chao Chen. "A Direct-Writing Approach for Fabrication of CNT/Paper-Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Airflow Sensing." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050504.

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Airflow sensor is a crucial component for monitoring environmental airflow conditions in many engineering fields, especially in the field of aerospace engineering. However, conventional airflow sensors have been suffering from issues such as complexity and bulk in structures, high cost in fabrication and maintenance, and low stability and durability. In this work, we developed a facile direct-writing method for fabricating a low-cost piezoresistive element aiming at high-performance airflow sensing, in which a commercial pen was utilized to drop solutions of single-walled carbon nanotubes onto tissue paper to form a piezoresistive sensing element. The encapsulated piezoresistive element was tested for electromechanical properties under two loading modes: one loading mode is the so-called pressure mode in which the piezoresistive element is pressed by a normal pressure, and another mode is the so-called bending mode in which the piezoresistive element is bended as a cantilever beam. Unlike many other developed airflow sensors among which the sensing elements are normally employed as cantilever beams for facing winds, we designed a fin structure to be incorporated with the piezoresistive element for airflow sensing; the main function of the fin is to face winds instead of the piezoresistive element, and subsequently transfer and enlarge the airflow pressure to the piezoresistive element for the normal pressure loading mode. With this design, the piezoresistive element can also be protected by avoiding experiencing large strains and direct contact with external airflows so that the stability and durability of the sensor can be maintained. Moreover, we experimentally found that the performance parameters of the airflow sensor could be effectively tuned by varying the size of the fin structure. When the fin sizes of the airflow sensors were 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm, the detection limits and sensitivities of the fabricated airflow sensors were measured as 8.2 m/s, 6.2 m/s, 3.2 m/s, 0.0121 (m/s)−2, 0.01657 (m/s)−2, and 0.02264 (m/s)−2, respectively. Therefore, the design of the fin structure could pave an easy way for adjusting the sensor performance without changing the sensor itself toward different application scenarios.

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IMAMURA, Gaku, Kota SHIBA, and Genki YOSHIKAWA. "Finite Element Analysis on Nanomechanical Sensing of Cellular Forces." Analytical Sciences 32, no. 11 (2016): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.32.1189.

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Shen, Zhiyuan, Chin Yaw Tan, Kui Yao, Lei Zhang, and Yi Fan Chen. "A miniaturized wireless accelerometer with micromachined piezoelectric sensing element." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 241 (April 2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2016.02.022.

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Kwak, M. S., J. S. Hwang, C. O. Park, N. Miura, and N. Yamazoe. "NOx sensing properties of Ba2WO5 element at elevated temperature." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 56, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00070-2.

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Le, T., H. Tran, R. Fernandez, C. J. Solano Salinas, N. Laal, R. Bringas, J. Quispe, F. Segundo, and A. H. La Rosa. "Finite element method analysis of whispering gallery acoustic sensing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1143 (December 2018): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1143/1/012014.

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Hrovat, Marko, Miran Zgonik, and Darko Belavic. "A Thick Film Sensing Element for True RMS Meter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 14, no. 1 (1990): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/74067.

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A sensing element for true RMS meter was realized in thick film technology. The temperature gradient along a substrate was measured by thick film thermocouples, based on a combination of Pt/Ag-Pd/Ag, Pt/Au-Au and Ni-Cr. A voltage response of the element was measured as a function of the current through the heating resistor at different ambient temperatures. The transfer function K(T) of the RMS meter was found to be relatively independent of ambient temperature, which means that the voltage response is usably linear.

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Mizuno, Noritaka, Tetsunori Yoshioka, Kazuyoshi Kato, and Masakazu Iwamoto. "CO2-sensing characteristics of SnO2 element modified by La2O3." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 13, no. 1-3 (May 1993): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)85430-i.

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McCurley, M. F. "An optical biosensor using a fluorescent, swelling sensing element." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 9, no. 7 (January 1994): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(94)90015-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensing element'

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