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Academic literature on the topic 'Sensation et confort thermique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sensation et confort thermique"
Haehnel, Ibtissam. "Confort thermique et facture énergétique." Economie et statistique 288, no. 1 (1995): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/estat.1995.6007.
Full textCorrard, F. "Confort thermique et fièvre où la recherche du mieux être." Archives de Pédiatrie 6, no. 1 (January 1999): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(99)80081-5.
Full textJannot, Y., and T. Djiako. "Economie d'énergie et confort thermique dans l'habitat en zone tropicale." International Journal of Refrigeration 17, no. 3 (1994): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(94)90015-9.
Full textQUINIOU, N., D. RENAUDEAU, A. COLLIN, and J. NOBLET. "Effets de l’exposition au chaud sur les caractéristiques de la prise alimentaire du porc à différents stades physiologiques." INRAE Productions Animales 13, no. 4 (June 18, 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.4.3783.
Full textChebli, M., S. Charfi, and S. Dahech. "Répartition spatio-temporelle des températures dans l’agglomération de Kairouan (Tunisie) pendant la saison chaude 2019." Climatologie 17 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017004.
Full textDE BASILIO, V., and M. PICARD. "La capacité de survie des poulets à un coup de chaleur est augmentée par une exposition précoce à une température élevée." INRAE Productions Animales 15, no. 4 (September 15, 2002): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2002.15.4.3705.
Full textRenard, Florent, and Lucille Alonso. "Températures de surface et mesures mobiles confrontées aux zones climatiques locales : exemples des agglomérations de Tokyo et de Lyon." Climatologie 17 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017011.
Full textARNOULD, C., V. MICHEL, and E. LE BIHAN-DUVAL. "Sélection génétique et bien-être des poulets de chair et des reproducteurs." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 2 (April 6, 2011): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.2.3248.
Full textPérez, Marcos, Vasco De Basilio, Yrina Colina, Yngrid Oliveros, Shlomo Yahav, Michel Picard, and Denis Bastianelli. "Evaluation du niveau de stress thermique par mesure de la température corporelle et du niveau d’hyperventilation chez le poulet de chair dans des conditions de production au Venezuela." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 59, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2006): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9959.
Full textAlonso, Lucille, and Florent Renard. "Compréhension du microclimat urbain lyonnais par l’intégration de prédicteurs complémentaires à différentes échelles dans des modèles de régression." Climatologie 17 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensation et confort thermique"
Pellerin, Nicolas. "Températures corporelles et sensations thermiques : approche psychophysiologique du confort thermique dans le cas de l'habitacle automobile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13245.
Full textThis work emphasizes a better understanding of the origin of human thermal discomfort under heterogeneous but steady environments, for subjects exposed at the vicinity of physiological and sensory thermoneutrality. The knowledge of skin temperatures allows a psychophysiological study aiming at linking the body thermal state (local and total) to the thermal feelings (perceptive and affective judgments). By using 2 driving simulators, 345 subjects were exposed to different thermal environments, modulated by factors such as the air distribution in the automotive cockpit, the clothing insulation or the activity level (driver or passenger). This work shows that considering the local thermal states is essential for the evaluation of thermal comfort in the case of non-uniform environments. The study of the local data shows however that it is possible to predict local unpleasantness depend on the total body thermal state, which can be evaluated on the basis of mean skin temperature and global thermal vote. Our experimental conditions point out that the determinism of discomfort is both quantitative, the local unpleasantness being felt on a certain number of body surfaces, and qualitative, certain body segments having a more important impact than others. A local origin is suggested for cold discomfort, in opposition to the global characteristic of warm discomfort. This work led to the development of an index of thermal discomfort risk. This index is based upon the assumption that it would exist at the central level, a controlling system which could compare the skin temperature distribution to a referenced cartography
El, Kadri Mohamad. "Modèle thermo-neurophysiologique du corps humain pour l'étude du confort thermique en conditions climatiques hétérogènes et instationnaires." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS006.
Full textIn this thesis, we have developed a new thermoregulation model of the human body based on neurophysiology called Neuro Human Thermal Model (NHTM). It is dedicated to predict physiological variables in asymmetric transient environments. In addition, it is coupled with Zhang’s thermal comfort model to predict the sensation and the thermal comfort of the occupants in indoor spaces.The passive system of the NHTM model is based on that of the Wissler model. This passive system is coupled to an active system based on the signals of thermoreceptors. The passive system is segmented into 21 cylinders which represent the segments of the human body. Each element is divided into 21 layers, in which 15 for tissues and 6 for clothing. Then, each layer is divided into 12 angular sectors. The NHTM model simulates the heat production by metabolism, heat transfer by conduction within the tissues and heat exchange by convection and radiation between the body and the surrounding. The active system simulates physiological mechanisms thanks to signals of central and peripheral thermoreceptors. These signals are calculated by the model of Mekjavic and Morrisson who also developed the shivering model. The skin blood flow is calculated by the Kingma model. We could not develop a sweating model based on the signals of thermoreceptors since experimental data are not available. A comparison was made between the sweating model of Wissler and that of Fiala et al. and the last one was chosen.The NHTM model is able to simulate several types of population. This was done by a sensitivity analysis carried out, using the Morris method, on the parameters of the passive and active systems to find the most influential parameters. Then, an optimization of the NHTM model was done to determine the vector of the parameters which corresponds to the subjects of the experiments of Munir et al. using a genetic algorithm. The obtained results were compared to the models developed by several authors and showed that the NHTM model is the most efficient in most cases.The NHTM model has been coupled to the Zhang model to assess the sensation and thermal comfort. Zhang's model was chosen for its ability to assess local sensations and thermal comfort levels in non-uniform transient environments. Zhang’s model performs the calculation using the NHTM model outputs, namely the skin and esophagus temperatures
Guergova, Slava. "Effets du vieillissement sur la sensibilité et le confort thermiques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6268.
Full textThermal comfort is an integrated cognitive process that relies on thermal sensitivity. Aging is associated with progressive decrease in thermal perception but previous studies provide no consistent results as to age effects on thermal comfort. The aim of this work was to confirm age-associated decline in thermal sensitivity by exploring dynamic aspects of thermal sensations, and to determine whether this decline influences thermal comfort in the elderly. To investigate dynamic aspects of thermal sensations in the elderly, we compared adaptation times to local thermal stimuli and the consequent brain potentials in groups of young and elderly subjects. Our results showed increased adaptation times to warm stimuli in the elderly and lower amplitude of cortical responses to thermal stimulation of the C-fibres when old subjects were exposed to slightly warm vs. Thermoneutral environment. Those results were interpreted in terms of functional impairment of C-type afferents. Furthermore, we studied age effects on thermal comfort by comparing scores on visual analogues scales in groups of young and elderly subjects when exposed to thermal stress induced by cold and warmth. Our resulted showed that, both in warm and cold environments, lower thermal stress is related to age as revealed by decreased scores of perceived thermal sensation and thermal discomfort in the elderly compared to young subjects. Functional impairment of neural fibres transmitting thermal afferent signals is thought to be underlying age-related differences in expression of thermal comfort
Weiss, Laurent. "Caloducs souples et confort thermique : Conception, réalisation, validation." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1007.
Full textAbboud, Abou Jaoude Rachelle. "Développement d’une nouvelle approche d’évaluation du confort dans le contexte des véhicules électriques connectés." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM059.
Full textThermal comfort of drivers and passengers inside cars compartments is a subject bouncing back to the spotlight with the electrification of vehicles. In fact, air conditioning and heating systems can reduce the battery autonomy of electric vehicles by up to 50% under certain conditions. On the other hand, the most used thermo-physiological models nowadays are still those that consider a standard average person. Many studies showed the limitations of these models in predicting thermal comfort for different populations in complex environments. Therefore, if a personal thermal comfort at minimum vehicle energy consumption is required, a deep consideration should be given to the understanding of the individualization of the thermo-physiological model and to identifying key parameters that have the most influence on thermal comfort. An individualization procedure followed by an experimental validation of the customized model is presented. Considering individual characteristics was shown to improve the model by 20% on average
Célestine, Christian. "Ventilation naturelle et confort thermique dans l'habitat en climat tropical humide." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0035.
Full textThe influence of natural ventilation in hot humid climates is shown by the study of thermal comfort indices. An experimental approach on site and in a wind tunnel has been developed. This study allows us to propose a characterisation of indoor natural ventilation by mean velocity coefficients. Various openings, upwind and downwind permeabilities have been studied and a good agreement between real scale models and wind tunnel ones is shown. Here and now, this work gives quantitative data about orientation and openings distribution for the creole dwelling, traditionnal habitat of the Caribbean islands
Pépin, Alexandre. "Performance énergétique et confort thermique : effet de la masse thermique, de la résistance et des matériaux de l'enveloppe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28242.
Full textIn the province of Québec, massive wood buildings of three floors and more are becoming more and more popular. This material being ecological and renewable is interesting for commercial buildings. However, its use is fairly low in this type of buildings and this raises many questions related to the thermal behavior. In this study, the influence of thermal mass has been studied using numerical simulations. The variables analyzed are the dynamic thermal variables, the energy intensity and the comfort. Two programs have been used to perform the simulations. Since the simulations done using e-QUEST have not demonstrated their relevance for thermal mass analyses [1], EnergyPlus software was used to perform the simulations during this study. The results have demonstrated that the type of thermal mass change and the presence of thermal mass can reduce the mean daily temperature swing of the internal surfaces of the walls. This reduction is up to 27.8% (2.33°C) when the building type passes from a lightweight wood construction to a heavyweight concrete one with a 4 W/m2-K RSI. Another major notice is that the energy intensity principally varies in function of the thermal mass type. Coupled with the thermal resistance, this adds a certain reduction of the energy intensity. The thermal mass thickness is the parameter having the smallest effect on the energy intensity. Gains observed are around 2.5% when the modifications of the type of thermal mass and its thickness are combined. This behavior can be explained by the fact that the energy that is stocked in the envelope and returned to the building after a certain time lag reduces heating demand during winter, but generates cooling demand during summer. The size of the studied building and the ventilation system type could be an explanation of the weak gains obtained regarding the energy intensity.
Paiva, FlÃvia Ingrid Bezerra. "Vulnerabilità social et Ãcologique dans fortaleza: une enquete par le confort thermique." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12949.
Full textCette recherche liÃs classes de vulnÃrabilità environnementale Ãtablies à Fortaleza avec les conditions de confort thermique interne et externe de foyers reprÃsentant les principaux types d'habitation trouvÃs dans cette ville. Pour les deux, il a Ãtà proposà d'analyser le confort thermique, composante climatique urbain comme un paramÃtre de la vulnÃrabilità de l'environnement pour la ville de Fortaleza / Cearà et vÃrifier que, selon ce paramÃtre, les pistes fermÃes comme plus vulnÃrables socialement et Ãcologiquement (par l'Ãtude menÃe par le Centre de mÃtropoles) est placà comme l'inconfort thermique plus. Le confort thermique a Ãtà analysà du point de vue du systÃme urbain climatique Monteiro (1976, 2003), thermo-dynamique sous-systÃme et mesurÃe selon trois indices de confort thermique. Les mesures de composantes climatiques (tempÃrature, humidità et vent velociadade) ont Ãtà recueillis à l'intÃrieur et à l'extÃrieur de dix maisons diffÃrentes, reprÃsentant les dix premiers types rÃsidentiels municÃcio vÃrifià ce dans les dix jours de conditions climatiques gÃnÃrales considÃrÃs comme des ÃlÃments standard (7, 8 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 et 17 DÃcembre 2012) en quinze heures profils de sept à vingt-deux heures. Les rÃsultats ont montrà de forts contrastes entre les conditions climatiques de composants entre les diffÃrents niveaux et les points de contraste entre les conditions internes et externes des dix rÃsidences. Enfin il a Ãtà constatà que, contrairement à la prÃrogative des conditions thermiques initiales de confort n'a montrà aucune linÃairement descrescentes plus la vulnÃrabilitÃ, mais sont dÃlimitÃes en trois groupes, avec la premiÃre (plus faible vulnÃrabilitÃ) les meilleures conditions de confort, la seconde (la plus haute vulnÃrabilitÃ) mÃdianes des conditions de confort et les tiers (vulnÃrabilitÃs moyennes) les pires conditions de confort.
A presente pesquisa relacionou as Classes de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental estabelecidas para Fortaleza com as condiÃÃes de conforto tÃrmico internas e externas de residÃncias representativas dos principais tipos residenciais encontrados nesta cidade. Para tanto, se propÃs analisar o conforto tÃrmico, componente do clima urbano, como um parÃmetro de vulnerabilidade socioambiental para a cidade de Fortaleza/Cearà e verificar se, segundo este parÃmetro, as faixas delimitadas como mais vulnerÃveis socioambientalmente (pelo estudo realizado pelo ObservatÃrio das MetrÃpoles) se colocaram como as de maior desconforto tÃrmico. O conforto tÃrmico foi analisado segundo a perspectiva do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976, 2003), subsistema termo-dinÃmico e mensurado segundo trÃs Ãndices de Conforto TÃrmico. As mediÃÃes das componentes climÃticas (temperatura, umidade e velociadade do vento) foram coletadas no interior e exterior de dez diferentes residÃncias, representativas dos dez principais tipos residenciais verificados neste municÃcio, em dez dias de condiÃÃes gerais das componentes climÃticas consideradas padrÃo (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 e 17 de Dezembro de 2012), em perfis de quinze horas, das sete Ãs vinte e duas horas. Os resultados encontrados demostraram fortes constrastes entre as condiÃÃes das componentes climÃticas entre os pontos e diferentes nÃveis de contraste entre as condiÃÃes internas e externas das dez residÃncias. Por fim verificou-se que diferentemente da prorrogativa inicial as condiÃÃes de conforto tÃrmico nÃo mostraram-se linearmente descrescentes quanto mais alta a vulnerabilidade, mas delimitaram-se em trÃs agrupamentos, apresentando o primeiro (de mais baixa vulnerabilidade) as melhores condiÃÃes de conforto, o segundo (de mais alta vulnerabilidade) condiÃÃes medianas de conforto e o terceiro (de mÃdias vulnerabilidades) as piores condiÃÃes de conforto.
Le, Bohec Mickaël. "Contribution du rayonnement au confort thermique et aux économies d'énergie dans l'habitat." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0029/document.
Full textIn order to reduce building's energy consumption, radiant heater seems particularly attractives because they didn't require to heat the air of the room to be perceived (less energy spent and less losses), and because they provide a better reactivity to users life rythmes. Moreover, experiences of the MIT showed that we prefer a fresh ai with warm wall rather than the opposite. The goal of the work is to develop a tool to study the link between the radiant energy exchange by an occupant with his environment and the thermal comfort express under some hypothesis, radiative beat transfers can be idealized by the radiosity equation. This one needs the evaluation of geometrics couplings between the elements of the scene called form factors or view factors. It's generally hard to get them, especially when there are obstructions. A comparison of existing numerical methods is proposed. beyond the evaluation of those factors, the algebraic system is heavy to solve because each surface interact, usually, with all the others and because the number of nodes required for the description of a complexe scene is important. We present a resolution method which refine the mesh of the scene while constructing a multi scale representation of form factors between its elements, in order to don't have to compute all the transfers at the finest resolution. This drastically reduce the computation time and allow to use this method in a industrial development process.When the radiative transfers between the occupant, heaters and differents elements of the environment are known, the thermal comfort model of fanger is used to determine if the considered env!ronments are confortable or not, according to international standards. This way, we could find which type of heaters are the most subject to provide thermal comfort without increasing energy consumption
Bezian, Jean-Jacques. "Thermique des enceintes habitables et énergies solaires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158153.
Full textLa thermique des enceintes habitables (habitacles automobiles, bâtiments ...) a pour principales caractéristiques des grands volumes aux formes parfois complexes, un couplage fort des trois modes de transfert de chaleur et des conditions aux limites en constante évolution. Nous présentons ici une méthode numérique originale pour construire des simulateurs performants du comportement thermique des telles enceintes soumises à un environnement météorologique réel. Les équations sont écrites sous une forme algébro différentielle, en se basant sur une méthode nodale de découpage des volumes et des surfaces. La résolution est effectuée par un solveur commercial. Quelques exemples d'application, avec des validations expérimentales, illustrent les bons résultats obtenus par cette méthodologie. Cette méthodologie a été aussi appliquée au domaine des piles à combustible, et à d'autres applications industrielles où la thermique tient un rôle important. Les actions menées dans le cadre des recherches sur les applications solaires thermiques couvrent tous les niveaux de température. À basse température, nous présentons les travaux concernant la prise en compte des apports solaires dans les bâtiments, ainsi que la problématique du chauffage des locaux et de l'eau sanitaire. À haute température, obtenue par concentration du rayonnement solaire, nous faisons un résumé des résultats obtenus au cours de l'évaluation scientifique de la Centrale THEMIS, et décrivons les travaux de recherche en cours menés pour l'amélioration des performances des procédés solaires à concentration.
Books on the topic "Sensation et confort thermique"
Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics. Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment. and International Organization for Standardization, eds. Ergonomics of the thermal environment: Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria = Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques : détermination analytique et interprétation du confort thermique par le calcul des indices PMV et PPD et par des critères de confort thermique local. 3rd ed. Geneva: ISO, 2005.
Find full textStandardization, International Organization for, ed. Moderate thermal environments: Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort = Ambiances thermiques modérées : détermination des indices PMV et PPD et spécifications des conditions de confort thermique. 2nd ed. Genève: International Organization for Standardization, 1994.
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