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Shahzad, Sally, John Brennan, Dimitris Theodossopoulos, John K. Calautit, and Ben R. Hughes. "Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort?" Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418754498.
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The neutral thermal sensation (neither cold, nor hot) is widely used through the application of the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale to assess thermal comfort. This study investigated the application of the neutral thermal sensation and it questions the reliability of any study that solely relies on neutral thermal sensation. Although thermal-neutrality has already been questioned, still most thermal comfort studies only use this measure to assess thermal comfort of the occupants. In this study, the connection of the occupant’s thermal comfort with thermal-neutrality was investigated in two separate contexts of Norwegian and British offices. Overall, the thermal environment of four office buildings was evaluated and 313 responses (three times a day) to thermal sensation, thermal preference, comfort, and satisfaction were recorded. The results suggested that 36% of the occupants did not want to feel neutral and they considered thermal sensations other than neutral as their comfort condition. Also, in order to feel comfortable, respondents reported wanting to feel different thermal sensations at different times of the day suggesting that occupant desire for thermal comfort conditions may not be as steady as anticipated. This study recommends that other measures are required to assess human thermal comfort, such as thermal preference. Practical application: This study questions the application of neutral thermal sensation as the measure of thermal comfort. The findings indicate that occupant may consider other sensations than neutral as comfortable. This finding directly questions the standard comfort zone (e.g. ASHRAE Standard 55) as well as the optimum temperature, as many occupants required different thermal sensations at different times of the day to feel comfortable. These findings suggest that a steady indoor thermal environment does not guarantee thermal comfort and variations in the room temperature, which can be controlled by the occupant, need to be considered as part of the building design.
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Zhou, Xiaojie, Sumei Liu, Xuan Liu, Xiaorui Lin, Ke Qing, Weizhen Zhang, Jian Li, Jiankai Dong, Dayi Lai, and Qingyan Chen. "Evaluation of Four Models for Predicting Thermal Sensation in Chinese Residential Kitchen." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102004.
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Thermal environment in residential kitchen in China is transient and non-uniform and with strong radiation asymmetry from gas stove. Due to the complexity of kitchen thermal environment, it is not sure if previous thermal comfort models can accurately predict the thermal comfort in residential kitchens. In order to evaluate if existing thermal comfort models can be applied for Chinese kitchens, this investigation conducted human subject tests for 20 cooks when preparing dishes in a kitchen. The study measured skin temperatures of the cooks and environmental parameters and used questionnaires to obtain their thermal sensation votes at the same time. The actual thermal sensation votes were compared with the predicted ones by four thermal comfort models: predicted mean vote (PMV) model, dynamic thermal sensation (DTS) model, the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) model, and the transient outdoor thermal comfort model from Lai et al. The results showed that all the models could predict the trend of the thermal sensations but with errors. The PMV model overpredicted the thermal sensations. The UCB and Lai’s models showed a slower change in thermal sensation votes (TSV) after turning on the stove. The DTS model was more accurate than the others in predicting the mean thermal sensation, but with a large variation in predicting individual thermal sensation votes. A better thermal comfort model should be developed for Chinese residential kitchens.
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Nakamura, Mayumi, Tamae Yoda, Larry I. Crawshaw, Saki Yasuhara, Yasuyo Saito, Momoko Kasuga, Kei Nagashima, and Kazuyuki Kanosue. "Regional differences in temperature sensation and thermal comfort in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 6 (December 2008): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90466.2008.
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Sensations evoked by thermal stimulation (temperature-related sensations) can be divided into two categories, “temperature sensation” and “thermal comfort.” Although several studies have investigated regional differences in temperature sensation, less is known about the sensitivity differences in thermal comfort for the various body regions. In the present study, we examined regional differences in temperature-related sensations with special attention to thermal comfort. Healthy male subjects sitting in an environment of mild heat or cold were locally cooled or warmed with water-perfused stimulators. Areas stimulated were the face, chest, abdomen, and thigh. Temperature sensation and thermal comfort of the stimulated areas were reported by the subjects, as was whole body thermal comfort. During mild heat exposure, facial cooling was most comfortable and facial warming was most uncomfortable. On the other hand, during mild cold exposure, neither warming nor cooling of the face had a major effect. The chest and abdomen had characteristics opposite to those of the face. Local warming of the chest and abdomen did produce a strong comfort sensation during whole body cold exposure. The thermal comfort seen in this study suggests that if given the chance, humans would preferentially cool the head in the heat, and they would maintain the warmth of the trunk areas in the cold. The qualitative differences seen in thermal comfort for the various areas cannot be explained solely by the density or properties of the peripheral thermal receptors and thus must reflect processing mechanisms in the central nervous system.
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Zhang, Yufeng, and Rongyi Zhao. "Overall thermal sensation, acceptability and comfort." Building and Environment 43, no. 1 (January 2008): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.036.
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Velt, K. B., and H. A. M. Daanen. "Thermal sensation and thermal comfort in changing environments." Journal of Building Engineering 10 (March 2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.02.004.
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Federspiel, Clifford C., and Haruhiko Asada. "User-Adaptable Comfort Control for HVAC Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899242.
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This paper describes a new approach to the control of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The fundamental concept of the new approach is that the controller learns to predict the actual thermal sensation of the specific occupant by tuning parameters of a model of the occupant’s thermal sensation. The parameters are adjusted with respect to thermal sensation ratings acquired from the specific occupant and measurements of physical variables that affect thermal sensation so that with time the model accurately reflects the thermal sensation of the specific occupant. From a lumped-parameter model of a singleroom enclosure, it is shown that the stability of the nominal system can be maintained by utilizing a priori information about the parameters of the thermal sensation model. The method is implemented on a ductless, split-system heat pump. Experiments using human subjects verify the feasibility of the method.
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Md Taib, Noor Syazwanee, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Aya Hagishima, Waqas Khalid, Fitri Yakub, and Nurul Izzati Kamaruddin. "Pilot Study on Occupants’ Thermal Sensation at Different Ambient Temperature in Postgraduate Office with Cooling Mode in University Campus." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 78, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.78.2.111.
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With rapid urbanization, massive amount of energy is required to compensate the electricity usage thus calls for a need to Malaysian government issuing standard MS1525:2014 for temperature settings in office buildings to meet energy efficiency goal. In co-sharing spaces, personal thermal comfort is often not met due to the different thermal sensation at different location inside office rooms. This study was conducted at four postgraduate office spaces with cooling mode in university campus located at Kuala Lumpur to evaluate the occupant’s thermal sensation. We used different set-point temperature of air conditioning ranging from 18.0°C to 28.6°C. The indoor thermal variables such as air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity are measured at each respondent’s workspace and 200 responses were recorded from ten subjects. The mean value of thermal sensations votes is -0.4 and were within comfort range. 76% of responses voted ‘neutral’ humidity sensation as occupants have adapted to humid condition in Malaysia. The comfort operative temperature found in this study is 24.9°C which indicates that the minimum recommended temperature for energy conservation did not deprive occupants from comfort.
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Faridah, Faridah, Memory Motivanisman Waruwu, Titis Wijayanto, Rachmawan Budiarto, Raditya Cahya Pratama, Septian Eka Prayogi, Nur Muna Nadiya, and Ressy Jaya Yanti. "Feasibility study to detect occupant thermal sensation using a low-cost thermal camera for indoor environments in Indonesia." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421994015.
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This paper concerns the feasibility study of 7 classes of thermal sensation detection in Indonesia's indoor environment using a low-cost thermal camera through face skin temperature. This study is required as an initial step to build a thermal comfort sensor system of HVAC control systems to produce a comfortable indoor environment with minimum and efficient energy use. The feasibility study was started by studying the thermoregulation system of respondents in Indonesia through measuring their body and facial skin temperatures under heating and cooling conditions, including their relationship with thermal sensations. The facial skin temperature variable, which is covered by four measurement points, namely forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin, represents the MST variable by the coefficient of determination of 0.54. The thermal sensation detection algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is 35.7% of accuracy. The thermal sensation questionnaire with 7 class categories is unsuitable for Indonesian respondents, and the number of the category classes predicted too much compared to the number of inputs. The detection algorithm has better accuracy with a smaller number of classes, namely 52.2% and 68.70% for the 5 and 3 classes of thermal sensation. Practical application: The air conditioning buildings system is possible to influence a thermal environmental control system to meet the occupants' thermal comfort level requirement in an indoor environment if the system is equipped with a sensor that can detect the occupants' thermal sensations. The thermal camera can be used as a non-contact sensor, detecting the occupant’s thermal sensation by reading the occupant's face skin temperature in an indoor environment.
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Li, Jinwei, Lilin Zhao, Zheyao Peng, Zijian Wang, and Taotao Shui. "Study on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Transitional Season of Hefei." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501026.
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In order to study the outdoor thermal comfort during the transition season in Hefei, a university in Hefei adopted a combination of field environmental measurements and questionnaires to study the changes in thermal sensation and thermal comfort of outdoor people before and after the transition season. The rankings of the effects of temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation on human thermal comfort were obtained through surveys, and the proportion of each parameter’s influence on human thermal comfort was analyzed. The relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort was analyzed, and the application was established through regression analysis Prediction model of thermal sensation in autumn and winter outdoor environment in Hefei area.
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Fang, Zhaosong, Hong Liu, Baizhan Li, Meilan Tan, and Oladokun Majeed Olaide. "Experimental investigation on thermal comfort model between local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation." Energy and Buildings 158 (January 2018): 1286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.099.
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Krawczyk, Natalia, and Sylwia Surmańska. "Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a Single-Family House in Poland." Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0040.
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AbstractThe article presents test research on thermal sensations, thermal preferences, as well as general thermal sensations in a single-family building. Graphs were drawn to determine the frequency of answers chosen by the respondents and the relationship between temperature and thermal sensations, as well as the influence of relative humidity on thermal sensations. A comparison was also made between the average thermal sensation vote and the PMV index, which determines the ‘predicted mean vote’ - estimated by the Fanger model. The aim of the study was to compare the actual feelings of the respondents with standard guidelines. As a result of this analysis it was found that the thermal sensations of the respondents do not comply with the adopted model included in the standard.
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Udrea, Ioana, Cristiana Croitoru, Ilinca Nastase, Angel Dogeanu, and Viorel Badescu. "Thermal Comfort Analyses in Naturally Ventilated Buildings." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2014-0016.
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Abstract Global current requirement is to increase thermal comfort in residential and non residential buildings. A field survey was accomplished in a naturally ventilated university classroom in Bucharest, Romania, in winter and spring. Comfort parameters were measured and comfort questionnaires were distributed to the students. Questions were related to thermal sensation of the occupants. This paper compares the experimental results with the occupant’s response. It analyzes the variation of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied (PPD) with temperature. It is made a comparison between PMV and thermal sensation vote. The results show PMV values different from Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) values which means there is a poor approximation of indoor comfort. In conclusion the comfort parameters should be reviewed and should be proposed other evaluation methods. Possible explanations are discussed in relation with thermal regime of the buildings.
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MURO, Keiko, and Hiroaki SAITO. "THERMAL SENSATION AND COMFORT IN NON-UNIFORM THERMAL ENVIRONMENT." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, no. 61 (October 20, 2019): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.1179.
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Fabozzi, Michael, and Alessandro Dama. "Field study on thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned university classrooms." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19887481.
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Maintaining a satisfactory thermal environment is of primary importance, especially when the goal is to maximize learning such as in schools or universities. This paper presents a field study conducted in Milan during summer 2017 in 16 classrooms of Politecnico di Milano, including both naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) environments. This study asked 985 students to report their thermal perception and their responses were evaluated according to the measured thermal comfort parameters to assess the prediction as given by Fanger and adaptive models, according to ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2017 and EN 15251:2007 standards. Furthermore, an analysis regarding potential effects of gender in comfort perception was performed. The results confirmed the fitness of Fanger’s model for the prediction of occupants’ thermal sensations in AC classrooms with a reasonable accuracy. In NV classrooms, the Adaptive model was proven to be suitable for predicting students’ comfort zone according to ASHRAE 55 Standard, while the adaptive comfort temperatures recommended by EN 15251 were not acceptable for a large number of students. No significant differences in thermal comfort perception between genders have been observed, except for two NV classrooms in which females’ thermal sensation votes had resulted closer to neutrality in comparison to males, who expressed a warmer thermal sensation.
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Hailu, Haven, Eshetu Gelan, and Yared Girma. "Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis: A Case Study of Modern and Traditional Buildings in Hot-Arid Climatic Region of Ethiopia." Urban Science 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030053.
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Indoor thermal comfort is an essential aspect of sustainable architecture and it is critical in maintaining a safe indoor environment. Expectations, acceptability, and preferences of traditional and modern buildings are different in terms of thermal comfort. This study, therefore, attempts to evaluate the indoor thermal comforts of modern and traditional buildings and identify the contributing factors that impede or facilitate indoor thermal comfort in Semera city, Ethiopia. This study employed subjective and objective measurements. The subjective measurement is based on the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale. An adaptive comfort model was employed according to the ASHRAE standard to evaluate indoor thermal comfort. The results revealed that with regards to thermal sensational votes between −1 and +1, 88% of the respondents are satisfied with the indoor environment in traditional houses, while in modern houses this figure is 22%. Likewise, 83% of occupants in traditional houses expressed a preference for their homes to remain the same or be only slightly cooler or warmer. Traditional houses were, on average, in compliance with the 80% acceptability band of the adaptive comfort standard. The study investigated that traditional building techniques and materials, in combination with consideration of microclimate, were found to play a significant role in regulating the indoor environment.
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Di, Yu Hui, Zhan Bo Wang, and Li Duan Wang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Civil Building in Xi’an." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5013.
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For the study of human thermal sensation in Xi'an and adaptive thermal comfort situation, the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires as the way to analyze and explore the indoor and outdoor weather conditions, clothing thermal resistance, thermal sensation and so on. This paper studies human thermal sensation within the civil construction and thermal neutral temperature relationship changes with the seasons. The results showed that: the study of adaptive thermal comfort, human neutral temperature and outdoor ambient temperature has a strong correlation, the resulting models in Xi'an.
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Ongwuttiwat, Krittiya, Sudaporn Sudprasert, and Thananchai Leephakpreeda. "Determination of human thermal comfort due to moisture permeability of clothes." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2017-0138.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the determination of human thermal comfort with wearing clothes, with different water vapor permeability. Currently, the predicted mean vote (PMV) equation is widely used to determine thermal sensation scales of human comfort. However, moisture permeability of clothes has been not taken in account where the heat is lost from a human body due to water vapor diffusion through clothes. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the heat loss is derived based on the real structure of textiles, causing water vapor pressure difference between air on skin and ambient air. The PMV equation is modified to differentiate a thermal sensation scale of comfort although patterns of clothes are the same. Interview tests are investigated with wearing clothes from three types of textiles: knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane, under various air conditions. Findings The moisture permeabilities of knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex and polyurethane are 16.57×10−9 kg/m2 s•kPa, 9.15×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa and 2.99×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa, respectively. The interviews reveal that most people wearing knitted-polyester clothes have the greatest cold sensations under various air conditions since moisture permeability is the highest, compared to coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane leather. Correspondingly, the predicted results of the modified PMV equation are close to the actual mean votes of interviewees with a coefficient of determination R2=0.83. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination from the predicted results of the conventional PMV equation is significantly lower than unity, with R2=0.42. Practical implications In practice, this quantitative determination on human thermal comfort gives some concrete recommendations on textile selection of clothes for acceptable satisfaction of thermal comfort under various surrounding conditions of usage. Originality/value The modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes. To make generic conclusion, experimental results of additional three textiles, such as plain weave/lining polyester, knitted spandex, and open structure polyester, are reported. They confirm that the modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes.
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Gwak, Jongseong, Motoki Shino, Kazutaka Ueda, and Minoru Kamata. "An Investigation of the Effects of Changes in the Indoor Ambient Temperature on Arousal Level, Thermal Comfort, and Physiological Indices." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 3, 2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050899.
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Thermal factors not only affect the thermal comfort sensation of occupants, but also affect their arousal level, productivity, and health. Therefore, it is necessary to control thermal factors appropriately. In this study, we aim to design a thermal environment that improves both the arousal level and thermal comfort of the occupants. To this end, we investigated the relationships between the physiological indices, subjective evaluation values, and task performance under several conditions of changes in the indoor ambient temperature. In particular, we asked subjects to perform a mathematical task and subjective evaluation related to their thermal comfort sensation and drowsiness levels. Simultaneously, we measured their physiological parameters, such as skin temperature, respiration rate, electroencephalography, and electrocardiography, continuously. We investigated the relationship between the comfort sensation and drowsiness level of occupants, and the physiological indices. From the results, it was confirmed that changes in the indoor ambient temperature can improve both the thermal comfort and the arousal levels of occupants. Moreover, we proposed the evaluation indices of the thermal comfort and the drowsiness level of occupants using physiological indices.
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Xue, Feiran, and Jingyuan Zhao. "Building Thermal Comfort Research Based on Energy-Saving Concept." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7132437.
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Under the trend of building green and comfortable development, effective control of building energy consumption has become one of the problems that countries are actively facing to solve. People’s demand for residential buildings has changed from the past survival type to a comfortable and livable type. The high level of heating energy consumption is worthy of in-depth study. In order to reduce energy consumption, realize the mapping of energy-saving concepts in buildings, and understand the energy consumption of different building materials and the influence of external factors on human thermal comfort, this book has conducted research on building thermal comfort based on energy-saving concepts. First of all, this article introduces the concept and application mode of energy-saving concepts in buildings and the concept of thermal comfort and the SET index of standard effective temperature, including the two-node model and the algorithm involved in the Fanger heat balance equation. In the experimental part, a model based on the concept of energy saving was designed to predict and analyze the energy consumption and thermal comfort effects of the building. In the analysis part, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and gender on thermal comfort, methods to improve thermal comfort, cumulative load changes with the heat transfer coefficient of windows, and the effects of windows of different materials on energy consumption was performed. At the same temperature, the wind speed is different, and the degree of heat sensation is also different. When the wind speed is 0.18 m/s and the temperature is 28°C, the thermal sensation is 0.32, and the human sensation is close to neutral. When the wind speed increases to 0.72 m/s, the heat sensation drops to −0.45, and the human body feels neutral and cool. It can be seen that the increase in wind speed has a certain compensation effect on the thermal sensation of the human body. When the wind speed does not change, increase the air temperature. For example, when the wind speed is 0.72 m/s, the temperature is 28°C, and the thermal sensation is −0.45, and when the temperature is increased to 29°C, the thermal sensation is 0.08, which shows that the temperature is improving the thermal sensation of the human body which has a certain offsetting effect. By studying the thermal comfort of buildings based on energy-saving concepts, it is possible to obtain the effect of external factors on thermal comfort, thereby optimizing building materials and using building materials with lower heat transfer coefficients to reduce heating energy consumption.
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Youssef, Ali, Ahmed Youssef Ali Amer, Nicolás Caballero, and Jean-Marie Aerts. "Towards Online Personalized-Monitoring of Human Thermal Sensation Using Machine Learning Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163303.
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Thermal comfort and sensation are important aspects of building design and indoor climate control, as modern man spends most of the day indoors. Conventional indoor climate design and control approaches are based on static thermal comfort/sensation models that view the building occupants as passive recipients of their thermal environment. To overcome the disadvantages of static models, adaptive thermal comfort models aim to provide opportunity for personalized climate control and thermal comfort enhancement. Recent advances in wearable technologies contributed to new possibilities in controlling and monitoring health conditions and human wellbeing in daily life. The generated streaming data generated from wearable sensors are providing a unique opportunity to develop a real-time monitor of an individual’s thermal state. The main goal of this work is to introduce a personalized adaptive model to predict individual’s thermal sensation based on non-intrusive and easily measured variables, which could be obtained from already available wearable sensors. In this paper, a personalized classification model for individual thermal sensation with a reduced-dimension input-space, including 12 features extracted from easily measured variables, which are obtained from wearable sensors, was developed using least-squares support vector machine algorithm. The developed classification model predicted the individual’s thermal sensation with an overall average accuracy of 86%. Additionally, we introduced the main framework of streaming algorithm for personalized classification model to predict an individual’s thermal sensation based on streaming data obtained from wearable sensors.
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KUBO, Shingo, Shingo AOKI, Masayuki NAKANO, Hiroshi TSUJI, Shuki INOUE, and Eiji MIMURA. "Structural Equation Modeling for Comfort and Thermal Sensation." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 2 (2008): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.20.164.
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Zhang, H., C. Huizenga, E. Arens, and D. Wang. "Thermal sensation and comfort in transient non-uniform thermal environments." European Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 6 (June 18, 2004): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1137-y.
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Costa, Daniele, J. C. Guedes, and J. Santos Baptista. "Experimental assessment of thermal sensation and thermal comfort of sedentary subjects: a scoping review protocol." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-0954_004.002_0006.
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Thermal comfort affects satisfaction in the workplace, which impacts work efficiency and productivity. Since office workers spend most of their working hours performing sedentary tasks, a scoping review is proposed to contextualize how thermal sensation and thermal comfort are experimentally assessed in the scientific literature. This work presents the scoping review protocol for the scoping review. It follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for systematic review protocols (PRISMA-P). The scoping review will be elaborated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The scoping review will consider peer-reviewed articles written in English, published or in-press. Grey literature and conference papers will be excluded. Only studies performing the experimental assessment of thermal sensation and thermal comfort of human subjects engaged in sedentary activities within homogeneous environments will be considered suitable for the scoping review. Studies will be retrieved from the Journal Storage (JSTOR), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will consist of the use of the expression ("thermal comfort" OR "therm* sensation" OR "thermosensation") AND ("sedentary" or "office work*" or "office task*"). After removing duplicates, the remaining studies will have their title, abstract, and keywords screened. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria will be selected for full-text screening. Data items will be summarized using summary tables, and their reporting will consider the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The scoping review aims to summarize the existing scientific evidence and identify research needs to experimentally assess the thermal sensation and the thermal comfort of subjects performing sedentary tasks.
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Kalmár, Ferenc. "An indoor environment evaluation by gender and age using an advanced personalized ventilation system." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 5 (April 5, 2017): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417701985.
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In a closed space, appropriate thermal comfort and proper indoor air quality are extremely important in order to obtain the optimal work performance and to avoid health problems of the occupants. Using advanced personalized ventilation systems, different comfort needs can be locally satisfied even in case of warm environments. Thermal sensation and the subjective evaluation of indoor air quality of young and elderly people, men and women respectively, were studied in warm environment using advanced personalized ventilation system combined with total volume ventilation system. Using an advanced personalized ventilation system, 20 m3 h−1 air flow was alternately introduced by three air terminal devices built-in the desk and placed on a horizontal plane at the head level of the sitting subject. Thermal sensation was significantly cooler in case of young women in comparison with the other groups. Odor intensity was evaluated to be significantly lower in case of elderly women in comparison with the other groups. Evaluation of air freshness is in correlation with the general thermal sensation. Variation of the direction of the air velocity vector has a cooling side-effect, which, in warm environments, might be useful in order to improve the thermal comfort sensation. Practical application: From the basic factors that influence the thermal comfort sensation, air velocity is the one and only parameter that must be treated as a vector. The air flow velocity has an important effect on the convective heat quantity released by the human body, but the changes in the air velocity direction have a cooling side-effect. This cooling side-effect should be exploited properly in warm environments by advanced personalized ventilation systems to improve the thermal comfort sensation of the occupants without supplementary energy use.
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Ramprasad Vittal and Subbaiyan Gnanasambandam. "Perceived Thermal Environment of NaturallyVentilated Classrooms in India." Creative Space 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32003.
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A ield study of thermal environment in naturally ventilated classrooms was conducted in the Department of Architecture at the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. The study included 176 architecture students and was conducted over ive days during the comparatively cool months of December and January. The results show that 82% of participants voted for ‘comfortable’ on the thermal sensation scale. Cross tabulation of thermal sensation and thermal preference shows that 50% of those who voted within the ‘neutral’ thermal sensation range preferred cooler temperatures and 43% wanted no change. Classroom temperature was acceptable to 85% of students and unacceptable to 15% of students. Perceived thermal sensation tends toward the cool side (mean -0.26). Regression analysis yielded a comfort zone (voting within -1 and +1) of 26.9–30.8 °C, with neutral temperature of 29.0 °C. Standard adaptive comfort models yielded lower temperature than ield indings.
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Xie, Yongxin, Sauchung Fu, Chili Wu, and Christopher Y. H. Chao. "Influence of sinusoidal airflow and airflow distance on human thermal response to a personalized ventilation system." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16674064.
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Since the concept of personalized ventilation was introduced in the late 1990s, many studies on thermal comfort have been conducted and a number of parameters identified. In this research, the influence of three parameters, the airflow speed, airflow fluctuating period and a parameter which has drawn less attention in previous studies – the airflow distance between the human subject and the nozzle of the personalized ventilation device on air movement perception, thermal sensation and thermal comfort – are studied. The combinations of fluctuating period and airflow amplitude were selected based on the Power Spectrum Density method. Then 25 human subjects participated in the thermal comfort experiment, each of them underwent 54 tests of different experimental conditions and expressed their thermal feelings by completing the survey questionnaire. Our findings showed that a longer airflow distance could lead to cooler thermal sensation, but not cause any difference in thermal comfort. Changing the fluctuating period of the sinusoidal airflow from 10 s to 60 s did not cause an influence on thermal sensation, but a shorter fluctuating period could result in a higher air movement perception. When dealing with thermal comfort issues, a joint effect with airflow speed and fluctuating period occurs and this should also be considered.
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Zhang, JinJin, Hong Liu, YuXin Wu, Shan Zhou, and MengJia Liu. "Neural network-based thermal comfort prediction for the elderly." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702022.
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Machine learning technology has become a hot topic and is being applied in many fields. However, in the prediction of thermal sensation in the elderly, there is not enough research on the neural network to predict the effect of human thermal comfort. In this paper, two neural network algorithms were used to predict the thermal expectation of the elderly, and the accuracy of the two algorithms was compared to find a suitable neural network algorithm to predict human thermal comfort. The dataset was collected from the laboratory study and included 10 local skin temperatures of the subjects, thermal perception voted at three temperatures (28/30/32°C), different wind speeds, and two forms of wind. Thirteen subjects with an average age of 63.5 years old were recruited for the subjective survey. These subjects sat for long periods of summer working conditions, wore uniform thermal resistance clothing, and collected votes on thermal sensation, as well as skin temperature. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the two algorithms was related to the added influence factors, and the RBF neural network algorithm was the most accurate in predicting thermal sensation of the elderly. The main influencing factors were average skin temperature, wind speed and body fat rate.
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Bourikas, Leonidas, Stephanie Gauthier, Nicholas Khor Song En, and Peiyao Xiong. "Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020333.
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Current research on human comfort has identified a gap in the investigation of multi-domain perception interactions. There is a lack of understanding the interrelationships of different physio-socio-psychological factors and the manifestation of their contextual interactions into cross-modal comfort perception. In that direction, this study used data from a post occupancy evaluation survey (n = 26), two longitudinal comfort studies (n = 1079 and n = 52) and concurrent measurements of indoor environmental quality factors (one building) to assess the effect of thermal, acoustic and air quality perception interactions on comfort and satisfaction of occupants in three mixed-mode university office buildings. The study concluded that thermal sensation (TSV) is associated with both air quality (ASV) and noise perception (NSV). The crossed effect of the interaction of air quality and noise perception on thermal sensation was not evident. The key finding was the significant correlation of operative temperature (Top) with TSV as expected, but also with noise perception and overall acoustic comfort. Regarding the crossed main effects on thermal sensation, a significant effect was found for the interactions of (1) Top and (2) sound pressure levels (SPL30) with air quality perception respectively. Most importantly, this study has highlighted the importance of air quality perception in achieving occupants’ comfort and satisfaction with office space.
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Bourikas, Leonidas, Stephanie Gauthier, Nicholas Khor Song En, and Peiyao Xiong. "Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020333.
Full textAbstract:
Current research on human comfort has identified a gap in the investigation of multi-domain perception interactions. There is a lack of understanding the interrelationships of different physio-socio-psychological factors and the manifestation of their contextual interactions into cross-modal comfort perception. In that direction, this study used data from a post occupancy evaluation survey (n = 26), two longitudinal comfort studies (n = 1079 and n = 52) and concurrent measurements of indoor environmental quality factors (one building) to assess the effect of thermal, acoustic and air quality perception interactions on comfort and satisfaction of occupants in three mixed-mode university office buildings. The study concluded that thermal sensation (TSV) is associated with both air quality (ASV) and noise perception (NSV). The crossed effect of the interaction of air quality and noise perception on thermal sensation was not evident. The key finding was the significant correlation of operative temperature (Top) with TSV as expected, but also with noise perception and overall acoustic comfort. Regarding the crossed main effects on thermal sensation, a significant effect was found for the interactions of (1) Top and (2) sound pressure levels (SPL30) with air quality perception respectively. Most importantly, this study has highlighted the importance of air quality perception in achieving occupants’ comfort and satisfaction with office space.
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Zhang, Hui, Edward Arens, Charlie Huizenga, and Taeyoung Han. "Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments, part III: Whole-body sensation and comfort." Building and Environment 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.06.020.
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Amai, Hideyuki, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Takashi Akimoto, and Takeshi Genma. "Thermal sensation and comfort with different task conditioning systems." Building and Environment 42, no. 12 (December 2007): 3955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.043.
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Yang, Wonyoung. "Effects of Noise on Indoor Thermal Sensation and Comfort." KIEAE Journal 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2017.17.1.083.
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Enescu, Diana. "Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-state and Transient Conditions." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050841.
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The assessment of thermal sensation is the first stage of many studies aimed at addressing thermal comfort and at establishing the related criteria used in indoor and outdoor environments. The study of thermal sensation requires suitable modelling of the human body, taking into account the factors that affect the physiological and psychological reactions that occur under different environmental conditions. These aspects are becoming more and more relevant in the present context in which thermal sensation and thermal comfort are represented as objectives or constraints in a wider range of problems referring to the living environment. This paper first considers the models of the human body used in steady-state and transient conditions. Starting from the conceptual formulations of the heat balance equations, this paper follows the evolution occurred during the years to refine the models. This evolution is also marked by the availability of increasingly higher computational capability that enabled the researchers developing transient models with a growing level of detail and accuracy, and by the validation of the models through experimental studies that exploit advanced technologies. The paper then provides an overview of the indicators used to characterise the local and overall thermal sensation, indicating the relations with local and overall thermal comfort.
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Lu, Siliang, Weilong Wang, Shihan Wang, and Erica Cochran Hameen. "Thermal Comfort-Based Personalized Models with Non-Intrusive Sensing Technique in Office Buildings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091768.
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Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping the built environment. However, centralized HVAC systems cannot guarantee the provision of a comfortable thermal environment for everyone. Therefore, a personalized HVAC system that aims to adapt thermal preferences has drawn much more attention. Meanwhile, occupant-related factors like skin temperature have not had standardized measurement methods. Therefore, this paper proposes to use infrared thermography to develop individual thermal models to predict thermal sensations using three different feature sets with the random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The results have shown the correlation coefficients between clothing surface temperature and thermal sensation are 11% and 3% higher than those between skin temperature and thermal sensation of two subjects, respectively. With cross-validation, SVM with a linear kernel and penalty number of 1, as well as RF with 50 trees and the maximum tree depth of 3 were selected as the model configurations. As a result, the model trained with the feature set, consisting of indoor air temperature, relative humidity, skin temperature and clothing surface temperature, and with linear kernel SVM has achieved 100% recall score on test data of female subjects and 95% recall score on that of male subjects.
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Tian, Hao, Wei Zhang, Lingzhi Xie, Zhichun Ni, Qingzhu Wei, Xinwen Wu, Wei Wang, and Mo Chen. "Thermal Comfort Evaluation of Rooms Installed with STPV Windows." Energies 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2019): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050808.
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Thermal comfort is an important aspect to take into consideration for the indoor environment of a building integrated with a semi-transparent Photovoltaics (STPV) system. The thermal comfort of units with photovoltaic windows and that of conventional windows, which is an ordinary without PV, were evaluated via on-site tests and questionnaires. Using the thermal comfort investigation of the test rig, the maximum difference in air temperature was found to be around 5 °C between test unit and comparison unit. The predicted mean vote (PMV)–predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) value of the test unit was better than that of the comparison unit. It was observed that on sunny days, the PMV value ranged from 0.2 (nature) to 1.3 (slightly warm) in the test unit, and that of the comparison unit was 0.7 (slightly warm) to 2.0 (warm), thereby providing better thermal comfort, especially during mornings. The maximum difference in PPD values was found to reach 27% between the two units at noon. On cloudy days, the difference was negligible, and the thermal sensation between the foot and the head were almost the same. Fifty respondents were asked to complete a carefully designed questionnaire. The thermal sensation of the test unit was better than that of comparison unit, which corresponded with the test results. Thermal, lighting, acoustic, and other environment comfort scores were combined, and the acceptance of the test unit with the STPV windows was found to be 73.8%. The thermal sensation difference between men and women was around 5%. Thus, during summer, STPV windows can improve the thermal comfort and potentially reduce the air-conditioning load.
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Menyhárt, József, and Ferenc Kalmár. "Investigation of Thermal Comfort Responses with Fuzzy Logic." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091792.
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In order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings a series of new heating, ventilation and air conditioning strategies, methods, and equipment are developed. The architectural trends show that office and educational buildings have large glazed areas, so the thermal comfort is influenced both by internal and external factors and discomfort parameters may affect the overall thermal sensation of occupants. Different studies have shown that the predictive mean vote (PMV)—predictive percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) model poorly evaluates the thermal comfort in real buildings. At the University of Debrecen a new personalized ventilation system (ALTAIR) was developed. A series of measurements were carried out in order to test ALTAIR involving 40 subjects, out of which 20 female (10 young and 10 elderly) and 20 male (10 young and 10 elderly) persons. Based on the responses of subjects related to indoor environment quality, a new comfort index was determined using fuzzy logic. Taking into consideration the responses related to thermal comfort sensation and perception of odor intensity a new the fuzzy comfort index was 5.85 on a scale from 1–10.
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Sevilgen, Gökhan, Gürcan Sayaral, Muhsin Kiliç, and Halil Bayram. "Investigation of Thermal Sensation in a Railway Vehicle during Cooling Period." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (July 2, 2020): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935874.
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The paper presents an investigation of local thermal comfort of passengers in a railway vehicle. The railway vehicle model includes five different parts called modules, and each module had different properties such as passenger capacity and seating arrangement. A virtual manikin model was developed and added to the numerical model which includes convection and radiation heat transfer between the human body and the environment. The numerical simulation was conducted according to the EN 14750-1 standard describing the thermal comfort conditions for different climatic zones. Two different cases were performed for steady-state conditions. Meanwhile, measurements were taken in a railway vehicle cabin to validate the numerical simulation, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It is observed that the local heat transfer characteristics of the human body have significant importance for the design of an effective heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system because each module had different heat transfer and air flow characteristics. It is also shown that the thermal sensation (TSENS) index helps railway vehicle HVAC researchers to determine the reasons for discomfort zones of each occupant. Another important result is that using a single air flow channel did not meet the thermal comfort demands of all passengers in this railway vehicle. Therefore, multiple air flow channel design configurations should be considered and developed for these vehicles. Local thermal comfort models allow HVAC systems to achieve better comfort conditions with energy saving. The numerical model can be used for effective module design, including seating arrangements, to achieve better thermal comfort conditions.
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Kwon, Minyoung, Andy van den Dobbelsteen, and Hilde Remøy. "User Perception of Indoor Temperature and Preferences in Energy-Efficient Office Renovation Cases in the Netherlands." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103007.
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A comfortable indoor environment is one of the primary conditions of buildings. A majority of studies have attempted to compare occupant satisfaction of green-certificated offices and conventional offices. However, comparison of occupant perception with the adaptive comfort model may show differences and provide recommendations for the globe temperature in comfort. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the seasonal adaptation to indoor temperature, and to report the results of users’ thermal perception surveys on energy efficient renovated office buildings. This work compares occupants’ perception of indoor thermal quality. Data of indoor temperature were collected for 2 weeks in three seasons: summer, winter, and mid-season. Monitored indoor temperatures were compared with occupants’ thermal sensation, preference, and satisfaction regarding thermal comfort. The research found the relationship between indoor temperature and occupants’ thermal sensation. Results show that occupants perceived thermal quality better in renovated offices compared to non-renovated ones, but they do not always experience better thermal comfort than people in a non-renovated office.
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Krawczyk, Natalia. "Thermal comfort in the low energy building - validation and modification of the Fanger model." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 15003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124615003.
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Nowadays, we spend most of our time inside buildings. Thus, ensuring adequate thermal comfort is an important issue. The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort assessment in the intelligent low energy building “Energis” of Kielce University of Technology (Poland). The tests conducted in a selected lecture theater focused on collecting anonymous questionnaires containing thermal sensation and air quality votes of the respondents as well as performing measurements of indoor air parameters (air and globe temperatures, relative humidity, air velocity and CO2 concentration). Based on the obtained data a comparison has been done between the actual sensation votes of the volunteers and the calculation results performed with the Fanger thermal comfort model. Two indices have been considered in the paper: PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). A modification of the model has also been proposed, which considers the impact of the carbon dioxide concentration on thermal comfort.
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Zhang, Lili, Dong Wei, Yuyao Hou, Junfei Du, Zu’an Liu, Guomin Zhang, and Long Shi. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051961.
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Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) different types of landscape spaces have different thermal comforts, (2) air temperature is the most important factor affecting outdoor thermal comfort; (3) because the thermal sensation judgment of outdoor thermal comfort research in Chengdu area, an ASHRAE seven-sites scale can be used; (4) the neutral temperature ranges of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Chengdu in winter and summer were obtained through research; (5) and UTCI is the best index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in Chengdu. These findings provide theoretical benchmarks and technical references for urban planners and landscape designers to optimize outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas to establish a more comfortable and healthy living environment for urban residents.
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Qu, Wan Ying. "Field Survey on Occupant Thermal Comfort of Cold Regions in Transition Season." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1620.
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A thermal comfort field study was investigated in residential buildings of cold regions in transition season during which the indoor thermal environment conditions are measured, the thermal sensation value of the occupants is questioned and recorded. A seven-point thermal sensation scale was used to evaluate the thermal sensation. The statistical method was used to analyze the data and the conclusions are as follows in transition season: clothing increase in 0.1clo when the indoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; and clothing will be a corresponding increase in 0.06clo when the outdoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; clothing also varies with gender, age, weight and thermal history and other related; the measured thermal neutral temperature is 21.3°C; and the minimum accepted temperature is 11.4 °C in transition season in cold regions. Most people choose to change clothes, switch and other passive measures, and occasionally take active measures of heater, electric fans and others.
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Hong, Weiping, Junjie Liu, Jingjing Pei, and Dayi Lai. "Studies of Subjective Sleep Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behaviors in Chinese Residential Buildings in Nine Cities." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106049.
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Sleep thermal comfort greatly impacts the quality of sleep. For residents from different climate regions, their level of sleep thermal comfort may have a large difference due to the variations in climate, and other adaptive factors such as the changes in bedding system insulation, the use of air conditioners, and the opening of windows. To study the thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors of Chinese residents in different regions during sleeping period, this study conducted a long-term survey in nine cities in China from February 2018 to September 2018. For northern residents, they achieved a slight higher than neutral sleep thermal sensation in winter due to the use of central heating system. In summer, the sleep thermal sensation of severe cold (SC) region residents had a significant increase. In the south, although without central heating in winter, southern residents maintained a near neutral thermal sensation, partly because of the high bedding system insulation. Although the summer night outdoor air temperature was high in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) and hot summer and warm winter (HSWW) regions, the occupants from the two regions actively used the air conditioners to help achieving sleep thermal comfort. The results of this study provide valuable information for designers, researchers, and policy makers to create a comfortable nighttime thermal environment in China.
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Klous, Lisa, Wouter Bergmann Tiest, Pim van Dorst, Matthijs van der Linde, and Hein Daanen. "Holes in wrist patches improve wearing comfort." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2018-0102.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether small holes in an impermeable patch at the wrist improve perceived comfort during exercise. Design/methodology/approach Nine male participants participated in this study. During the experiment, participants cycled 60 W in a hot room (35°C, 30 percent relative humidity) while an impermeable 20 cm2 patch was located on the ventral side of one wrist and at the same time a patch of identical shape with 5 mm diameter holes (17.7 percent uncovered) on the other wrist. The participants could not see the patches. Participants were forced to choose which patch they perceived as more comfortable. Chest and arm skin temperature, thermal comfort, thermal sensation and wetness perception were assessed. Findings Participants preferred 5 mm holes over no holes (p=0.017). Chest skin temperature (p=0.018) but not arm skin temperature correlates with this preference. Thermal comfort, thermal sensation and wetness perception did not differ significantly between patches. It is concluded that patches with 5 mm holes are preferred over impermeable patches during work in the heat in particular when the torso skin is warm. Originality/value The wrist is a preferred location for smart wearables. Generally, wrist bands are made of air-impermeable materials leading to sensation of wetness and discomfort. This study has shown that manufacturers should consider to make small holes in their wrist bands to optimize wearing comfort.
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Yang, Xue Bin, De Fa Sun, Xiang Jiang Zhou, Ling Ling Cai, and Ying Ji. "Indoor Thermal Comfort and its Effect on Building Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3516.
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The indoor thermal comfort and its effect on building energy consumption have been conducted by literature reviewing in the study. The linear relationship and the related formulations of various thermal comfort indictors are summarized to evaluate the human comfort. These parameters include predicted mean vote, thermal sensation vote, adaptive predicted mean vote, thermal comfort vote, and thermal acceptability. Under different climatic or regional conditions, both relationships between thermal comfort parameters and indoor or outdoor air temperature, and between comfort vote and another comfort parameter, are summarized for their definition and formulation. The comfort parameters such as local air speed, neutral temperature, PMV set point and others will directly impact the building energy usage. It is of significance to seek an optimal alternative for energy savings.
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Kwong, Qi Jie, Mohamad Afri Arsad, and Nor Mariah Adam. "Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Environment in a Radiant-Cooled-Floor Office Building in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.228.
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This paper presents the findings of a thermal comfort survey conducted in a tropical green office building. The building was installed with a slab-integrated radiant cooling system, which operated concurrently with an integrated variable-air-volume system. Evaluation of indoor thermal environment was made, where both objective and subjective assessments were carried out. The air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and surface temperatures were measured by using calibrated sensors. Based on the data collected from the field assessment, the thermal comforts indices with expectancy factor were calculated. The results showed that thermal comfort parameters were within the comfort range specified in a local guideline, except for the air velocity profile. Besides, discrepancy between the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) with expectancy factor and Actual Mean Vote (AMV) was found, which showed that the former still overestimated the thermal sensation of occupants although an expectancy factor of 0.5 was used.
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Csáky, Kalmár, and Kalmár. "Operation Testing of an Advanced Personalized Ventilation System." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091596.
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Using personalized ventilation systems in office buildings, important energy saving might be obtained, which may improve the indoor air quality and thermal comfort sensation of occupants at the same time. In this paper, the operation testing results of an advanced personalized ventilation system are presented. Eleven different air terminal devices were analyzed. Based on the obtained air velocities and turbulence intensities, one was chosen to perform thermal comfort experiments with subjects. It was shown that, in the case of elevated indoor temperatures, the thermal comfort sensation can be improved considerably. A series of measurements were carried out in order to determine the background noise level and the noise generated by the personalized ventilation system. It was shown that further developments of the air distribution system are needed.
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Wang, Haiying, Guodan Liu, Songtao Hu, and Chao Liu. "Experimental investigation about thermal effect of colour on thermal sensation and comfort." Energy and Buildings 173 (August 2018): 710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.008.
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Solberg, Håkon, Kari Thunshelle, and Peter Schild. "Thermal comfort, thermal sensation and skin temperature measurements using demand-controlled ventilation for individual cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017206001.
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An increasing part of modern building's energy demand is due to cooling. An ongoing research project investigates the possibility to reduce the energy consumption from cooling by utilizing an individually controlled active ventilation diffuser mounted in the ceiling. This study looks at thermal sensation and thermal comfort for 21 test persons exposed to an innovative user controlled active ventilation valve, in a steady and thermally uniform climate chamber. Furthermore, the relationship between biometric data from the test persons skin temperature and sweat, and the test persons thermal sensation scores has been investigated. Each test person was exposed to three different room temperatures in the climate chamber, 24°C, 26°C and 28°C respectively, to simulate typical hot summer conditions in an office in Norway. At a room temperature of 26°C it was possible to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for most test persons with this solution, but higher air velocity than 0.75 m/s around the test persons bodies at room temperatures of 28°C is required to ensure satisfactory thermal comfort.
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Sadrizadeh, Sasan. "Numerical Investigation of Thermal Comfort in an Aircraft Passenger Cabin." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101027.
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This study presents the results of a pilot numerical study of the thermal comfort in the aircraft passenger cabin. The computations have been performed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The overall thermal comfort at temperatures of 15 °C – 20 °C was discussed based on the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) indexes. Results indicate that the air velocity and its direction toward the passengers have a considerable impact on their thermal comfort. However, a small variation in temperature has a limited effect on thermal sensation and thus do not jeopardize the overall thermal comfort.
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Xue, Jiao, Xiao Hu, Shu Nuke Sani, Yuanyuan Wu, Xinyu Li, Liang Chai, and Dayi Lai. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort at a University Campus: Studies from Personal and Long-Term Thermal History Perspectives." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219284.
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Thermally comfortable outdoor spaces have contributed to high-quality urban living. In order to provide a further understanding of the influences of gender and long-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort, this study conducted field surveys at a university campus in Shanghai, China by carrying out microclimatic monitoring and subjective questionnaires from May to October, 2019. The analysis of collected data found that, during our survey, 57% of the occupants felt comfortable overall and 40–60% of them perceived the microclimate variables (air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed) as “neutral”. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) provided a better correlation with occupant thermal sensation than the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). Females were more sensitive to the outdoor thermal environment than males. Older age led to lower thermal sensation, but the thermal sensitivities for age groups of <20, 20–50, and >50 were similar. Occupants who had resided in Shanghai for a longer period showed higher overall comfort rating and lower thermal sensation. Interviewees who came from hot summer and cold winter climate regions were less effected by the change of UTCI than those from severe cold or cold climate regions.