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Academic literature on the topic 'Senior Cycle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Senior Cycle"

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Utami, Telly Trie, Mantasiah R, and Syamsu Rijal. "Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Jawaban Dalam Keterampilan Membaca Bahasa Jerman." Phonologie : Journal of Language and Literature 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/phonologie.v1i2.21996.

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Abstract. This research aims to improve German language reading skills of 11th grade students of State Senior High School 1 Gowa by using Playing answer learning method. The subject in this research are the students of 11th grade of Mathematics and Natural Science 6 of State Senior High School 1 Gowa. This research is a type of classroom action research which consists of two cycles. The data of this research consist of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data are the data which describe the learning process obtained through observation. While, quantitative data are the data obtained from the results of cycle I and cycle II tests. The results of the research showed that the learning outcomes of students reading skills increased, namely 73.52% in the cycle I and increased to 92.20% in the cycle II. This results indicated that the implementation of Playing answer learning method can improve German language reading skills of 11th grade students of State Senior High School 1 Gowa.
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Akib, Erwin. "BRAIN-SKETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IN IMPROVE WRITING SKILL AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF UNISMUH MAKASSAR." EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 1, no. 1 (May 8, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ejpbi.v1i1.763.

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The research aimed at improving the ability of the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar in writing descriptive text using the Brain-Sketching Technique. For the purpose, it employed Classroom Action Research in which the researcher worked in planning, implementation, observation, and reflection on the data collected from the teaching and learning process and the students' writing products. The method of this research is Classroom Action Research that consists of two cycles. One cycle consisted of four meetings. It means that there were eight meetings for two cycles. This classroom action research was done in Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar for English subject. As subjects in this research are class XI IPA 2 in 2012-2013 academic years which consists of 26 students. Those consisted of 14 women and 12 men. The instruments used were writing test and observation sheet. The study was conducted in a diagnostic test, cycle one and cycles two, each cycle was carried out in four meetings. The objective of the research was intended to know the improvement of the students’ writing ability after using Brain-Sketching Technique at the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar. The findings indicated that using Brain-Sketching Technique could improve the students' ability in writing descriptive text. Before giving implementation the researcher gave the students diagnostic test and the mean score of diagnostic test was 63.90 as classification “fairly good”. Then the researcher conducted the first cycle and the second cycles, and the result showed that the students' scores in the first and second cycles improved. In the first cycle, the mean score of students was 67.22 as classification “fairly good”, meanwhile the mean score of students in the second cycle was 71.41 as classification “good. It means that the improvement of students’ writing ability from D-Test to cycle I was 5.21%, the cycle I to cycle II was 6.22%, D- test to cycle II was 11.73%. Keywords: Brain-Sketching, Technique, Descriptive, Text, Writing.
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Ismail, Ismail. "The Implementation of Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes of Senior High School Seulimun in Aceh Besar Regency." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 1267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i3.1164.

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Application of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Learning Outcomes of Social Science Learning in 11th grade social studies (IPS-2) Senior High School Seulimum Aceh Besar Regency. The aim of the research is to improve student learning outcomes in learning Social Sciences in 11th grade IPS-2 Senior High School Seulimum Aceh Besar Regency in the 2017/2018 school year by using Jigsaw cooperative learning, the subjects in this study were all students of 11th grade IPS-2 Senior High School Seulimum Aceh Besar Regency in the 2017/2018 school year as many as 34 people. The research conducted was a class action research (Classroom Action Research) which was conducted for (3) months, from March to May, in 2 cycles, which became. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research data were obtained through learning outcomes tests, observations, interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in the study was qualitative descriptive analysis. The validity of the data uses the technique of triangulation of data sources. The conclusion of the study is the application of Jigsaw cooperative learning can improve the activities and learning outcomes of students in learning Social Sciences in 11th grade IPS-2 Senior High School Seulimum Aceh Besar Regency in the academic year 2017/2018. The results of observations showed the average indicator of student learning activities in learning Social Sciences in the first cycle was 63.29% and in the second cycle was 87.85%. From cycle I to cycle II it increased by 24.56%. The results of knowledge test material excretion system in humans also increased in the first cycle was 65.67 and in the second cycle 80.51, from cycle I to cycle II increased by 14.84. I was 78.41 and in the second cycle 81.78, from cycle I to cycle II increased by 3, 37. Likewise the teacher's performance in the learning process increased from cycle I by 61.0% and in the second cycle 83.50% increased by 22.50.
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Gunawan, Gunawan. "Teaching Reading Comprehension Through Genre-Based Approach (GBA) at Senior High School." Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v4i1.3224.

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This research is about teaching reading comprehension through a genre-based approach (GBA) at senior high school. The study aimed to increase students' reading comprehension in the eighth grade at SMP Negeri 1 Sibulue through the Genre-Based Approach (GBA). This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) that consisted of two cycles. The research subject was the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Sibulue academic year 2021/2022 that consisting of 25 students. The researcher obtained the data by using a reading test and observation sheet. The results of the students’ reading tests in cycle I and cycle II had significantly different scores. There was a better increase of gains by students at the end of the action of the second cycle. The results of the study showed that the score in the first cycle to the second cycle increased based on the value of the first cycle of 61.80 and the second cycle showed 75.80. It could be stated that the student's reading comprehension at the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 1 Sibulue was at a fairly good level after the test in the first cycle and increased to a good level after the test in the second cycle.
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Hajar, Siti, Gde Artawan, and I. Nengah Suandi. "PENERAPAN METODE TALKING STICK BERBANTUAN MEDIA VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA TEKS EKSPOSISI." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jppbi.v9i1.3218.

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This research aimed to describe the implementation of talking stick method assisted visual media to improve exposition text speaking ability on Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Denpasar students’ grade X natural science 1 year 2019/2020 and to know students’ response toward the implementation of talking stick method assisted visual media to improve exposition text speaking ability on Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Denpasar students’ grade X natural science 1 year 2019/2020. This research was classroom actionresearch with the implementation of three cycles. The subject of this research was Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Denpasar students’ grade X natural science 1 amount 30 students and Dra. DewiSetyowati as Indonesian teacher. The method of collecting data that used in this research was testing method to get the result of students’ exposition text speaking ability and questionnaire method to get students’ response toward the implementation of talking stick method assisted visual media to improve exposition text speaking ability. The average result of students’ exposition text speaking ability on the first cycle was 64 with lack category, second cycle was 77,33 with adequate category, and third cycle was 88 with good category. After that, the result of students’ response toward the implementation of talking stick method on the first cycle was amount 49,16 with lack of positivity category, second cycle amount 72,16 with positive category, and third cycle was 87 with very positive category. It can be concluded that the implementation of talking stick method assisted visual media is able to improve exposition text speaking ability on Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Denpasar students’ grade X natural science 1 year 2019/2020.
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Firdaus, Firdayanti, and Dwi Suci Amaniarsih. "IMPROVING THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS� ENGLISH SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH STORYTELLING." English Review: Journal of English Education 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v7i1.1533.

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The purposes of this research are to find out; 1) how to improve English speaking ability of the tenth grade students at Harapan-I Medan through the application of storytelling method, and 2) how the students� responses to storytelling as a learning method. This research was a Classroom Action Research applying Kemmis McTaggart Model. �The research was done in two cycles in which each cycle consists of four stages: plans, actions, observations, and reflections. The subjects in this research were students of Grade X-6 of Senior High School Harapan-I Medan. The object of this study was the application of the Storytelling method to improve the students� English speaking ability. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the percentage of completeness from pre-action, Cycle-I, and Cycle-II increased at Senior High School Harapan-I Medan. The percentage of student�s completeness in pre-action was 27%, in the Cycle-I was 47%, and in the Cycle-II was 70%. There was a significant increase (43%) from pre-action, cycle-I, and cycle-II. In addition, students� enthusiasm, courage, and activity have also increased. Thus, it can be concluded that storytelling method has improved the speaking ability of the tenth grade students of Senior High School Harapan-I Medan and increased their response, enthusiasm, courage, and activity to speak English.Keywords: speaking ability; English; storytelling; folklore; classroom action research.
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Yuliarti, Elisa Dewi, Sajidan Sajidan, and Marjono Marjono. "Implementasi Model Experiential Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Biologi Siswa Kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 2 Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014." BIO-PEDAGOGI 3, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bio-pedagogi.v3i2.5342.

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<p>The purposes of this research are to increase quality of biology learning considered by utility of facilities in the classroom, classroom climate, and student motivation of achievement in class XI IPA 1 at State Senior High School 2 Surakarta in academic year 2013/2014. This research was a classroom action research which performed in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of 4 phases, that is planning, action, observation, and reflection. Subject of research is students of XI IPA 1 at State Senior High School 2 Surakarta. Data of research was obtained by test and non test technique. Data validation was used triangulation of methods and triangulation of observers. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive technique. The results of this research showed the average percentage for classroom climate pre cycle (62,59 %), cycle I (75,86 %), and cycle II (82,92 %); student motivation of achievement pre cycle (63,22 %), cycle I (74,88 %) and cycle II (78,62 %); and utility of learning facilities in the classroom have been optimally, that are usage of microscope and other learning media included LCD, pictures, and video as a media to support learning activities. The results showed that the average percentage quality of biology learning aspect such as pre cycle (62,90 %), cycle I (75,37 %), and cycle II (80,77 %). The level increase of quality aspect of biology learning from pre cycle to cycle II is 17,87 %. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of experiential learning model can improve quality of biology learning considered by utility of facilities in the classroom, classroom climate, and student motivation of achievement in class XI IPA 1 State Senior High School 2 Surakarta in academic year 2013/2014.</p><p align="center"> </p><p class="0jTULISANKATAKUNCIKEYWORDS">Key Words: Experiential learning, Quality of biology learning</p>
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Goosey, Victoria L., Neil E. Fowler, and Ian G. Campbell. "A Kinematic Analysis of Wheelchair Propulsion Techniques in Senior Male, Senior Female, and Junior Male Athletes." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 14, no. 2 (April 1997): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.14.2.156.

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The aim of the study was to examine and compare the propulsion techniques of senior male, senior female, and junior male athletes and to determine the relationship between the kinematic variables and performance. A two-dimensional video analysis was performed on the 800 m finals (n = 23) at the 1994 British Wheelchair National Track Championships. From this, the angle of lean, elbow angle, and the cycle dynamics were determined. The senior male athletes achieved a faster maximum velocity (7.3 ± 0.3 m.s-1) than that achieved by the senior female (5.9 ± 1.0 m.s1) and junior male athletes (6.0 ± 1.0 m.s-1), resulting in a greater distance covered during each push cycle. The kinematic analysis showed that the junior athletes adopted a 5° more upright position and spent less time in contact with the hand-rim (25%) than the senior athletes. A moderate correlation was found between cycle distance and performance time (r = -0.68; p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that there are kinematic differences between senior male, senior female, and junior male wheelchair athletes.
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Supriyanto, Supriyanto. "Using Rummy Game Method to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and English Dialog." Register Journal 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v5i1.101-120.

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This classroom action research was aimed at improving students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga. The research was carried out in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga from January to June 2012. The subject of the research was 38 students of grade XI natural science 2. While the objects of research were rummy game method, students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills. This action research was conducted in two cycles. Each consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In cycle 1, the researcher implemented rummy game method with big groups and ready made cards while in cycle 2, the researcher applied rummy game method with small groups and student designed cards. To collect the data the researcher gave self-assessment test and performance test before the first cycle, after the first cycle, and after the second cycle. The data analysis was done by descriptive comparison namely by comparing scores in the previous condition with those of the first cycle and the second cycle. The research findings revealed that there was significant improvement of average scores in students’ learning activities namely 13.8 % from 56.8 % in the previous condition to 70.6 % in cycle 2 and in students’ English dialog skill namely 5.8 from 72.7 in the previous condition to 78.5 in cycle 2. Hence, hypothesis stating that using rummy game method is able to improve students’ learning activities and English dialog skill in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga grade XI natural science 2 even semester year 2011/2012 is proven right.Keywords: Rummy Game Method; Learning Activities; English Dialog Skill
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Supriyanto, Supriyanto. "Using Rummy Game Method to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and English Dialog." Register Journal 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v5i1.253.

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This classroom action research was aimed at improving students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga. The research was carried out in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga from January to June 2012. The subject of the research was 38 students of grade XI natural science 2. While the objects of research were rummy game method, students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills. This action research was conducted in two cycles. Each consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In cycle 1, the researcher implemented rummy game method with big groups and ready made cards while in cycle 2, the researcher applied rummy game method with small groups and student designed cards. To collect the data the researcher gave self-assessment test and performance test before the first cycle, after the first cycle, and after the second cycle. The data analysis was done by descriptive comparison namely by comparing scores in the previous condition with those of the first cycle and the second cycle. The research findings revealed that there was significant improvement of average scores in students’ learning activities namely 13.8 % from 56.8 % in the previous condition to 70.6 % in cycle 2 and in students’ English dialog skill namely 5.8 from 72.7 in the previous condition to 78.5 in cycle 2. Hence, hypothesis stating that using rummy game method is able to improve students’ learning activities and English dialog skill in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga grade XI natural science 2 even semester year 2011/2012 is proven right.Keywords: Rummy Game Method; Learning Activities; English Dialog Skill
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Senior Cycle"

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Reneau, James M. "An examination of the acceptance, adoption, and diffusion of smartphone devices with senior citizens." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/287.

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This research looked at the process of the diffusion of an innovation in the context of smartphones with American senior citizens. The subject of diffusion, or spread of a technology, is a rich and varied topic with more than 60 years of research. Much of this diffusion research does not go beyond the study of the original acceptance of a new idea. An on-line and face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data from 155 seniors on the entire process of diffusion. The questionnaire was adaptive in nature, focusing questions directly at participants based on where they were in the diffusion process. The scope of the study was limited to two areas: 1) to verify or refute the findings of the Senior Technology Acceptance & Adoption Model (STAM) in the setting of a more diverse population of seniors and the different technology of modern smartphones than the original small population of South African seniors using mobile-phones and 2) to look at the phenomenon of discontinuance of use after adoption. The results show that seniors exhibit a much broader range of influences, behaviors, and motivations than the STAM model showed. Confirmed usefulness, ease of use, and other facilitating conditions play a significant role in how a technology moved from mere use to either being fully accepted or finally rejected. This research adds to the body of knowledge regarding the diffusion of technology, specifically adoption in seniors. Many existing models did not include the complete process by shortening the initial exploration and ignoring the discontinuance. These issues have been specifically addressed in a newly proposed model, the Senior Innovation Domestication and Life-cycle Model (SIDLM).
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Yilmaz, Mine. "Duty Cycle Control In Wireless Sensor Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608856/index.pdf.

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Recent advances in wireless communication and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have led to the development of implementation of low-cost, low power, multifunctional sensor nodes. These sensor node are small in size and communicate untethered in short distances. The nodes in sensor networks have limited battery power and it is not feasible or possible to recharge or replace the batteries, therefore power consumption should be minimized so that overall network lifetime will be increased. In order to minimize power consumed during idle listening, some nodes, which can be considered redundant, can be put to sleep. In this thesis study, basic routing algorithms and duty cycle control algorithms for WSNs in the literature are studied. One of the duty cycle control algorithms, Role Alternating, Coverage Preserving, and Coordinated Sleep algorithm (RACP) is examined and simulated using the ns2 simulation environment. A novel duty cycle control algorithm, Sink Initiated Path Formation (SIPF) is proposed and compared to RACP in terms of sleep sensor ratio and time averaged coverage.
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Němec, Ondřej. "Systém pro ověření vlastností senzorů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217763.

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The purpose of this thesis was to study the properties of electronic current and voltage transformers, choose the method for temperature cycle accuracy test and the development of the measuring software. Measuring software was realized in LabVIEW version 8.2. The first part describe the topic of this thesis. The second part describes various kinds of sensors and describtion of functions and specifications. The third part describe programming system LabVIEW. The fourth describe design of connection supply and measurement part of circuit. The fifth part describes used instruments. The sixth part is about used methods measuring. In the seven part is the description of the functions of this program and its control. In eight part is evaluated measurement uncertainty. In the last part are shown examples of the application program.
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Sikka, Himanshu. "A soft sensor system for cycle-to-cycle control of parison length in intermittent l extrusion blow molding /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82633.

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Extrusion blow molding is the process of choice for the production of many hollow products. Parison formation is the most critical stage in the process, as the dimensions of the blow-molded part are directly related to the dimensions of the parison.
In this work, a 'soft sensor' for cycle-to-cycle control of parison length is developed. A model for parison swell is proposed where the parameters of the model can be tuned from cycle to cycle to match the experimental parison dimensions. The technique was tested on a real intermittent extrusion blow molding machine where a target parison length was achieved by either adjusting the flow rate of the polymer or the die gap opening.
In this work, we have also proposed a technique for estimation of the average relaxation time using a combination of Carreau and Maxwell models. This technique is based on the observed time for parison swell outside the die, and it finds a relaxation time that closely represents the polydisperse nature of blow molding grade resins. The technique could be extended to estimate multiple relaxation times using a generalized Maxwell model. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Frances, Galiana Alfredo. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DUTY-CYCLE MAC PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22146.

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This thesis studies the behavior of the S-MAC protocol in a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The main limitation of the WSN is the lifetime of the battery, because normally it is short and it is not possible to change it all the time. For this reason, the battery consumption and the delay have to be low. This reduction of delay can be done with the medium access control (MAC) protocol duty-cycle in the sensors. For decrease the energy consumption, sensors must be set in an appropriate way following some rules, such as: how many packets the sensor send at the same time, how much time the sensor has to be awake if it does not transmit, how to transmit with less collisions, if retransmission of packets are good or not for the system... The main phenomenon with the greatest impact on the waste of energy is the Idle Listening. It refers to the time a node is awake listening to the medium when the transmitted packets are not addressed to it. This fact produces great energy losses. Among duty-cycle MAC protocols, some of them are synchronous (all the nodes wake up at the same time) and other protocols are asynchronous (each node wake up at different time). My contribution will be especially for synchronous model but also it is dedicated a small part of the time for analyzed the asynchronous model. Although there are several synchronous models, my work is focused in an SMAC protocol because it is the commonly used. For create the simulation system, it has kept in mind a system located in a forest with the goal of preventing fires (for this environment, it will be desired to have very low delay and also, that the system works well for the entire range of the arrival rate). The investigation is done by simulation, which allows to study realistic deployment scenarios. Simulations will be done in a C simulation program and the results will be treated with Matlab. All the work will be based on stochastic processes that typically appear in real deployment scenarios.
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Obenofunde, Simon. "Topology Management in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK025.

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La mise en réseau de capteurs sans fil s'intègre dans presque tous les domaines des activités humaines. Les moteurs de cette technologie comprennent ses domaines d'application et les améliorations des techniques de fabrication microélectroniques. Le réseau est constitué de plusieurs nœuds de capteurs de petite taille déployés dans la zone à détecter. Les nœuds ont des capacités de traitement, de communication et de détection qui leur permettent d'exécuter leur fonction de manière collaborative. Ils détectent les événements et transmettent les informations à un puits directement ou via des nœuds intermédiaires servant de relais.Des progrès considérables ont été réalisés sur cette technologie au cours des dernières années, cependant la gestion de l’énergie n’a pas connu la même évolution. Ceci est principalement dû au fait que la batterie est la principale source d'énergie. De plus, l’environnement du réseau peut empêcher les batteries d'être rechargées ou changées après le déploiement.Une solution classique à ce problème d'efficacité énergétique réside dans la gestion des cycles d’activation. Il s'agit d’alterner, de façon périodique ou non, les états actif et inactif des nœuds. Cela introduit des problèmes de performances réseaux en termes de disponibilité, de latence et de taux d’acheminement des paquets, car les nœuds inactifs ne participent pas aux communications. Il est donc important de trouver des solutions permettant d’utiliser les cycles d’activation tout en garantissant la disponibilité et en réduisant la latence et le taux de perte de paquets.Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons le cycle d’activation en combinaison avec la gestion de la topologie pour prolonger la durée de vie du réseau. Nous proposons cinq algorithmes pour construire différentes topologies que nous divisons en deux classes. La première classe organise les nœuds en ensembles de manière répétitive et entrelacée. C'est-à-dire que les nœuds appartenant à différents ensembles sont intercalés de manière à assurer la continuité des communications. La seconde classe d'algorithmes organise les nœuds en ensembles successifs en couronne. Nous avons montré expérimentalement la construction des différents ensembles.En utilisant la construction successive d’ensembles, nous proposons deux algorithmes qui construisent des réseaux dorsaux (backbones) virtuels disjoints pouvant être activés alternativement. Une évaluation des algorithmes fait ressortir leur efficacité, avec notamment un facteur d’approximation faible (de l’ordre de 3.5) en comparaison avec ceux des travaux de la littérature.Nous proposons ensuite un protocole basé sur les mécanismes de sommeil et relais sur ces topologies. Les périodes d’activité/inactivité sont définies par ensemble. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que ce protocole permet une économie d’énergie sans dégrader les critères de performance tels que la latence et le taux d’acheminement des paquets
Wireless sensor networking is ingratiating itself into almost every area of human endeavors. Its drivers include its usages, improvements in microelectronics and manufacturing techniques. The network is made up of multiple tiny sensor nodes deployed in the area to be sensed, with nodes having processing, communicating, and sensing capabilities that enable them to perform their function collaboratively. Nodes sense events and transmit their data to the sink directly or through intermediate nodes acting as relay.Despite all the tremendous advances that have been made on this technology over the past few years, energy has not kept pace. This is based mostly on the fact that battery is its main source of energy. Furthermore, some applications of the network may preclude batteries from either being recharged or changed after deployment.A renowned solution to energy efficiency is duty cycling. This is the periodic or aperiodic placing of a node in an active and an inactive state. This introduces network performance issues of availability, latency, and packet delivery ratio, all linked to the fact that once a node is inactive or off, it is unavailable to communicate. It is therefore important to look for means of still applying duty cycling yet not losing out in availability, latency, and packet delivery ratio.In this dissertation we employ duty cycle on topology management to extend the network lifetime. We propose five algorithms to build various topologies that we divide into two classes. The first class enables nodes to arrange themselves into repetitive and interleaving sets. That is, nodes in the same set repeat themselves on the ground such that a set spans the entire area to be sensed. The second class of algorithms arranges nodes in continuous successive sets with members of a set covering a transmission range. We demonstrate the set formation experimentally.Building on the continuous set formation we propose two algorithms that build disjoint virtual backbone networks, with the disjointedness used for activity scheduling. We then measure the performances of the algorithms notably the approximation ratio and find it quite low (in the order of 3.5) compared to what is obtained in the literature.Finally, we propose a sleep and relay protocol that works on these topologies. Nodes sleep in sets and the activeness is relayed between sets. We evaluate the performance of this protocol and confirm that it actually leads to increase energy savings while not deteriorating other network performance metrics, like latency and packet delivery ratio
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Lai, Shouwen. "Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks: Wakeup Scheduling, Routing, and Broadcasting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27333.

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In order to save energy consumption in idle states, low duty-cycled operation is widely used in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where each node periodically switches between sleeping mode and awake mode. Although efficient toward saving energy, duty-cycling causes many challenges, such as difficulty in neighbor discovery due to asynchronous wakeup/sleep scheduling, time-varying transmission latencies due to varying neighbor discovery latencies, and difficulty on multihop broadcasting due to non-simultaneous wakeup in neighborhood. This dissertation focuses on this problem space. Specifically, we focus on three co-related problems in duty-cycled WSNs: wakeup scheduling, routing and broadcasting. We propose an asynchronous quorum-based wakeup scheduling scheme, which optimizes heterogenous energy saving ratio and achieves bounded neighbor discovery latency, without requiring time synchronization. Our solution is based on quorum system design. We propose two designs: cyclic quorum system pair (cqs-pair) and grid quorum system pair (gqs-pair). We also present fast offline construction algorithms for such designs. Our analytical and experimental results show that cqs-pair and gqs-pair achieve better trade-off between the average discovery delay and energy consumption ratio. We also study asymmetric quorum-based wakeup scheduling for two-tiered network topologies for further improving energy efficiency. Heterogenous duty-cycling causes transmission latencies to be time-varying. Hence, the routing problem becomes more complex when the time domain must be considered for data delivery in duty-cycled WSNs. We formulate the routing problem as time-dependent Bellman-Ford problem, and use vector representation for time-varying link costs and end-to-end (E2E) distances. We present efficient algorithms for route construction and maintenance, which have bounded time and message complexities in the worst case by ameliorating with beta-synchronizer. Multihop broadcast is complex in duty-cycled WSNs due to non simultaneous wakeup in neighborhoods. We present Hybrid-cast, an asynchronous multihop broadcast protocol, which can be applied to low duty-cycling or quorum-based duty-cycling schedules, where nodes send out a beacon message at the beginning of wakeup slots. Hybrid-cast achieves better tradeoff between broadcast latency and broadcast count compared to previous broadcast solutions. It adopts opportunistic data delivery in order to reduce the broadcast latency. Meanwhile, it reduces redundant transmission via delivery deferring and online forwarder selection. We analytically establish the upper bound of broadcast count and the broadcast latency under Hybrid-cast. To verify the feasibility, effectiveness, and performance of our solutions for asynchronous wakeup scheduling, we developed a prototype implementation using Telosb and TinyOS 2.0 WSN platforms. We integrated our algorithms with the existing protocol stack in TinyOS, and compared them with the CSMA mechanism. Our implementation measurements illustrate the feasibility, performance trade-off, and effectiveness of the proposed solutions for low duty-cycled WSNs.
Ph. D.
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8

Kollipara, Sharmila. "Evaluation and Comparison of MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1292953246.

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Daemitabalvandani, Maziyar. "Routing algorithms for wireless sensor : networks based on the duty cycle of its components." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395200.

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Wireless sensor network is one of the most important topics in the current data transferring. In fact regarding to data gathering and transformation, cost effective is the top topic and optimum point, which every vendors and sector are focusing on it. In the field of petrochemical regarding sensitive processes could not stay out of this scope and start to monitor the gas pipes and processes over the wireless fashion. Therefore some items should have been taking into considerations such as: instant monitoring, nonstop characteristic, long term investing and energy consuming. According to those aforesaid items, we have planned to do an investigation and find the feasibly of how we can to create and distribute a network to have accuracy to measurement , sending data reliability, having long term network life cycle and having minimum energy consuming. Therefore the only technology could help us was IEEE 802.15.4 with mixed of microcontrollers and transceivers, able to manipulate to reach out our objects in maximizing lifetime and minimizing latency in wsn, as an unique routing algorithm in Mobile ad Hoc Network. WSN in fact is a relatively new section of networking technology and nowadays is more popular. The reason of these advantages instead of others is low-power microcontroller and inexpensive sensor usage for any communications and also simple sensor designing. Regarding to network layers, Physical layer for WSN based on IEEE802.15.4 is fundamental of frames and packets transactions. So two main devices which are involving in this project: transceivers such as CC2520 and CC3200 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 RF, managed by microcontrollers. Common controller for those transceivers such as MSP430F1611 16-bit MSP430 family for Texas instrument in the nodes and coordinators ideas were selected. One step more close to the idea, was other layer so called Link layer or in other hand MAC layer. Another advantage of WSN is ability to manipulate MAC layer, because modifications in lower layer always has low Energy consuming than other layers. Therefore according to these circumstances, MAC protocols are able to energy efficiency, also reduce and achieve to zero based of unused time in WSN. So any WSN, energy wasting could be control in MAC sub layer and even though MAC protocols. Other layer in WSN is declared as a Network layer, the logical way which those packets could be find the best way and shortest path in minimum time as possible and reachability to the main point based on node and coordinator. Nodes are programmed in upper layer and have been matched with MAC layer, now it's time to join and stick the frames in a packet and involving to each other. Meanwhile we decided to create a middle layer through MAC and Network layer to play as a bridge, mainly called VRT (Variable Response Time) and FRT (Fixed Response Time) to control the energy consumption in the process of routing in network layer. This algorithm is cooperating with MAC layer in sleep and wake up modes, in fact with VRT, nodes just received their needs and captured the vital packet in wake up mode, sends back the answer, now the task is finished and both sided transaction is done. After that, it's not need to have more listening and capturing packets from the remote nodes as a coordinator therefore, left the transmission process to save more energy for further wireless communication stream in sleep mode. Also FRT is another algorithm in MAC layer, to decrease the energy consumption. This algorithm is switch based energy control, as a same concept in VRT in sleeping and wakeup mode. Finally we have design this algorithm in Simulator and real world. The results correlate quite well results showing as a good agreement between two worlds, also we have obtained better results in battery consumption over network life cycle to other business algorithms.
En este trabajo nos focalizaremos en la minimización del consumo a partir de la minimización del número de transmisiones. Buscamos por tanto aquel algoritmo que nos permita aumentar la probabilidad de aciertos. Esta idea, diseñará el algoritmo de enrutamiento que mejor se ajusta a la red MANET. Una vez simulada la red se diseñará un "testbed" en donde una parte de la red se implementará de forma real, mediante la introducción de sensores inalámbricos y la otra parte se hará de forma simulada, a través de una interfaz que interconecta el mundo real con la simulación de Spyder. Se pretende ver que ambos mundos progresan de forma similar. Con respecto a la capa de OSI en WSN, sería prioritaria la capa física o capa de hardware, por este motivo nuestra proyecto también se centra en el tipo determinado de hardware que debe aplicarse para obtener resultados satisfactorios. Entonces tratamos las características de los dos hardwares, el transceiver y el microcontroller. También se trata en este apartado su concepto lógico de acuerdo con la ficha técnica oficial IEEE802.15.4. La segunda prioridad de la capa OSI se centra en el Medium Access Control (MAC) de la capa. En esta capa nuestro objetivo se logrará mediante la manipulación de las addresses MAC. Los protocolos MAC deben estar orientados a la reducción del consumo de energía y también a la reducción del tiempo no utilizado en WSN, para ello aplicamos algunas políticas para controlar los comportamientos del tráfico en esta capa para cambiar el consumo de energía, la vida útil de la red y evitar el gasto innecesario de recursos, en realidad concentramos a nuestro algoritmo VRT y FRT. Respecto de la idea principal, de controlar los sensores para aumentar la vida útil de la red y disminuir el consumo de energía. En realidad se explica cómo controlar la capa MAC y forzar el hardware para lograr el objetivo principal de este proyecto. De hecho podemos decir que mejoramos el reenvío de paquetes entre los sensores intermedios, buscando el promedio de distancia HOP más corta desde el origen al destino, así como la disminución del consumo de energía en cada sensor.
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Klein, Jackson Alexander. "Energy Harvesting Opportunities Throughout the Nuclear Power Cycle for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78031.

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Dedicated sensors are widely used throughout many industries to monitor everyday operations, maintain safety, and report performance characteristics. In order to adopt a more sustainable solution, much research is being applied to self-powered sensing, implementing solutions which harvest wasted ambient energy sources to power these dedicated sensors. The adoption of not only wireless sensor nodes, but also self-powered capabilities in the nuclear energy process is critical as it can address issues in the overall safety and longevity of nuclear power. The removal of wires for data and power transmission can greatly reduce the cost of both installation and upkeep of power plants, while self-powered capabilities can further reduce effort and money spent in replacing batteries, and importantly may enable sensors to work even in losses to power across the plant, increasing plant safety. This thesis outlines three harvesting opportunities in the nuclear energy process from: thermal, vibration, and radiation sources in the main structure of the power plant, and from thermal and radiation energy from spent fuel in dry cask storage. Thermal energy harvesters for the primary and secondary coolant loops are outlined, and experimental analysis done on their longevity in high-radiation environments is discussed. A vibrational energy harvester for large rotating plant machine vibration is designed, prototyped, and tested, and a model is produced to describe its motion and energy output. Finally, an introduction to the design of a gamma radiation and thermal energy harvester for spent nuclear fuel canisters is discussed, and further research steps are suggested.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Senior Cycle"

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Smith, Michael. Tracks: (language and literature for senior cycle). Dublin: The Educational Company of Ireland, 1995.

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Smyth, Emer. Choices and challenges: Moving from junior cycle to senior cycle education. Dublin: Liffey Press in association with The Economic and Social Research Institute, 2011.

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Strathman, Lapa Jeanita F., Cuny Genevieve, and Brown-ROA (Firm), eds. Seasons of faith: Senior high workbook, Cycle C. Dubuque, Iowa: Brown Pub./ROA Media, 1992.

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Seasons of faith: Cycle A : senior high workbook. Dubuque, Iowa: Brown-ROA, 1993.

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Conference of Major Religious Superiors (Ireland). Education Commission. Response to the NCCA document "Senior cycle: issues and structures". Dublin: C.M.R.S., 1991.

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ASTI Annual Education Conference (1993). Senior cycle planning for change: ASTI Annual Education Conference 1993. (Dublin): Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland, 1993.

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Lenehan, Brian A. Voyage au bac 2: French assignments for senior cycle higher level. Dublin: Educational Company of Ireland, 1992.

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Assessment, National Council for Curriculum and. Assessment & certification in the senior cycle: Issues and directions : a consultation paper. Dublin: National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, 1994.

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Senior cycle: Development and direction : a Curriculum and Examinations Board consultative document. Dublin: The Board, 1986.

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Subject availability and student performance in the senior cycle of Irish post-primary schools. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Senior Cycle"

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Lim, Alvin S. "Smart Sensor Networks." In Perception-Action Cycle, 675–709. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1452-1_21.

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Czyzowicz, Jurek, Stefan Dobrev, Maxime Godon, Evangelos Kranakis, Toshinori Sakai, and Jorge Urrutia. "Searching for a Non-adversarial, Uncooperative Agent on a Cycle." In Algorithms for Sensor Systems, 114–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72751-6_9.

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Suzuki, Makoto, and Takao Kodama. "Motor Protein Mechanism Coupled with Hydrophobic Hydration/Dehydration Cycle." In Polymer Sensors and Actuators, 361–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04068-3_13.

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Komarizadehasl, S., M. Komary, J. Turmo, V. Torralba, F. Lozano, and J. A. Lozano-Galant. "Low-cost accurate acceleration acquisition sensor." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 803–10. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-96.

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On, JeongSeok, JaeHyun Kim, Jaiyong Lee, Yeonsoo Kim, and Hakjin Chong. "A MAC Protocol with Adaptive Preloads Considering Low Duty-Cycle in WSNs." In Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks, 269–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77024-4_26.

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Lai, Shouwen, and Binoy Ravindran. "On Multihop Broadcast over Adaptively Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks." In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, 158–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13651-1_12.

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Sato, A., K. Sugiura, Y. Kitane, and Y. Goi. "Stress component sensor using thermoelastic stress analysis." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 419–26. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-48.

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Kannan, Rajgopal, and Shuangqing Wei. "Approximation Algorithms for Power-Aware Scheduling of Wireless Sensor Networks with Rate and Duty-Cycle Constraints." In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, 463–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11776178_28.

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Druschke, Jan, Stephan Fath, Lutz Stobbe, Nils F. Nissen, Nikolai Richter, and Klaus-Dieter Lang. "Ecological Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Sensor-Based Parking Prediction Service." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 399–414. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6775-9_26.

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Vuong, Thi Hong, Tung Doan, and Atsuhiro Takasu. "Sensor data alignment for multi-view bridge monitoring." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 1598–606. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-197.

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Conference papers on the topic "Senior Cycle"

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Grammer, Thomas Allen, and Robert R. Bittle. "Thermodynamic Modeling of an Epitrochoidal Engine Cycle." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19215.

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A thermodynamic performance model has been developed for a new four-stroke piston engine design in which the crankshaft path is epitrochoidal, or non-circular. The model is based on an Otto air-standard cycle with non-ideal effects of friction, valve and spark timing, heat transfer, volumetric efficiency, and fuel burn timing then added. The same modeling approach was then used in developing a standard circular path engine model for comparison: the result being two discrete models varying only in their crankshaft paths, and thus piston path timing. The thermodynamic modeling was one phase of a larger senior design project in which senior engineering students were tasked with answering the question of whether the epitrochoidal crankshaft path engine will produce more power than a standard circular path engine of the same size and compression ratio. The starting point for the effort was the epitrochoidal crankshaft design description given in the patent, followed by major challenges of design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of a prototype engine. A Briggs and Stratton model 20 was employed as the standard circular crankshaft path comparison engine, and upon which the epitrochoidal prototype engine geometry was based. The result was two test engines of the same size and compression ratio, but differing in crankshaft path. Thermodynamic modeling, however, is the primary focus of the paper presented herein. Details of the design/fabrication/testing phases of the larger project are included in another paper, currently in preparation. The modeling description starts with the development of the mathematical equations describing the piston movement within the standard engine and the epitrochoidal engine, followed by the specifics of the thermodynamic modeling and inclusion of non-ideal effects. The model calibration to measured data is developed next, and finally a prediction of the epitrochoidal engine performance is shown to agree with measured data for the prototype engine. The testing did in fact show an increase in power in the epitrochoidal prototype engine, and the modeling was used to explain the improvements attributable to the epitrochoidal design. These results also affirmed the comparative modeling approach that was used.
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Sorensen, Kenneth A. "Life cycle of an emeritus entomologist and ESA senior-student networks and mentoring." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93279.

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Huang Fang and Li Wei. "Performance evaluation of state-owned enterprise' senior managers based on industry cycle index." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5689584.

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Lam, Lawrence. "AN EE SENIOR DESIGN LAB PROJECT WITH A FULL PRODUCT CYCLE AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In 14th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.1681.

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Marklin, Richard W., Vikram Cariapa, Peter Schneider, Beau Backhaus, Sam Dieckhaus, Brandon Bork, and Adam Fettig. "Incorporating Freehand Sketches and Mockups into Senior Design Capstone Course: Case Study with a Hand Cycle Vehicle Rack." In Engineering Something More. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/aseenmw2014.1005.

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Meyers, Bryan T., Edward Hensel, and Elizabeth DeBartolo. "Usage of Revision Control Tools in Capstone Senior Design Courses." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51164.

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The capstone project serves as the culminating experience of most engineering programs. Collaborative design and documentation tools are an integral component of a modern product design and development environment. The Engineering Design Guide and Environment (EDGE), is a web-based system which provides engineers with tools for collaboration on multidisciplinary projects. The EDGE system includes version-controlled repositories for project documentation and design files. By examining the history of changes to these repositories, it is possible to view the usage trends of the system and their relationship to curriculum structure. This paper explores these usage trends with respect to the transition from a quarter-based to a semester-based calendar, the cycle of project deliverables within an academic term, and the transition from a one-day-per-week meeting pattern to a two-day-per-week meeting pattern.
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Lanier, Clinton, William S. Janna, and John I. Hochstein. "Collaboration of Technical Editing Students With Mechanical Engineering Seniors in a Capstone Design Course." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41425.

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An innovative capstone design course titled “Design of Fluid Thermal Systems,” involves groups of seniors working on various semester-long design projects. Groups are composed of 3 or 4 members that bid competitively on various projects. Once projects are awarded, freshmen enrolled in the “Introduction to Mechanical Engineering” course are assigned to work with the senior design teams. The senior teams (Engineering Consulting Companies) function like small consulting companies that employ co-operative education students; e.g., the freshmen. In Fall 2006, the Engineering Consulting Companies also worked with students enrolled in a Technical Editing (TE) course—“Writing and Editing in the Professions”—within the English Department. The TE students would be given reports or instructional manuals that the Mechanical Engineering (ME) students had to write as part of their capstone project, and the resulting editing of their documents would be done by these TE students. Subsequently, the ME students were given a survey and asked to comment on this experience. In addition, the TE students were also surveyed and asked to comment as well. It was concluded that the collaboration should continue for at least one more cycle, and that the TE students were more favorably inclined toward this collaboration than were the engineering students.
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Hiles, Kirk E., and Gregg W. Dixon. "Enhancing Undergraduate Education: Design of a Gas Turbine Laboratory Facility." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-190.

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An undergraduate gas turbine laboratory facility was designed and installed by four senior Mechanical Engineering students for their capstone design project at the U. S. Coast Guard Academy. The seniors instrumented a 65 horsepower gas turbine auxiliary power unit from an HH-3F Pelican helicopter and installed it in the existing engine laboratory. The objective of this project was to provide an opportunity for engineering students to better understand thermodynamic principles of gas turbine operation through hands-on experimentation. The laboratory facility was designed to allow students to determine the performance characteristics of the T-62-16B gas turbine and relate them to a Brayton cycle model. This paper details the installation and instrumentation of the gas turbine, the design of the data acquisition system, the results obtained with initial system tests, and future experimental plans.
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Byerley, Aaron R., and Steve A. Brandt. "Introducing Life Cycle Cost Analysis in an Undergraduate Gas Turbine Engine Design Capstone Course." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15718.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce the basics of life cycle cost analysis for use in an undergraduate, senior-level capstone, gas turbine engine design course. This paper will support the heightened interest within the military acquisition community that now requires life cycle cost analysis to be included in the proposals submitted by defense contractors. The capstone design course includes both the gas turbine engine cycle selection and engine component design that supports a particular aircraft application. While the students have been taught how to estimate the fuel costs, engine development costs, and the time-varying production costs of engines, they have not yet been provided instruction on how to factor all three types of costs into an engineering economics, time-value-of-money, present value analysis. This paper will fill that gap and serve as a resource for the students who must now consider life cycle cost as an element in their design decision matrix along with engine performance, technical risk, and development time. The typical case compares an engine where the upfront development and production costs associated with a more advanced level of technology are high early on in the life cycle but over time has a lower fuel cost compared to an engine with a lower development and production cost but with a higher fuel cost. This paper illustrates how the aerodynamics, thermodynamics, and engineering economics can be brought together to inform and defend a decision about which of the two (or more) alternatives is best. The engineering economic analysis is spreadsheet based and uses inflation adjusted, total annual costs to calculate the present value for use in a decision matrix.
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Alonso, Igor Aguilar, José Carrillo Verdún, and Edmundo Tovar Caro. "IT, Senior Executives and Board of Directors Contribute to the Success of the Business: Implicates on the IT Demand Process--Life Cycle." In 2009 Fourth International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2009.288.

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Reports on the topic "Senior Cycle"

1

Smyth, Emer, Selina McCoy, and Joanne Banks. Student, teacher and parent perspectives on senior cycle education. ESRI, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs94.pdf.

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Chappell, Mark, Wu-Sheng Shih, Cynthia Price, Rishi Patel, Daniel Janzen, John Bledsoe, Kay Mangelson, et al. Environmental life cycle assessment on CNTRENE® 1030 material and CNT based sensors. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42086.

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This report details a study investigating the environmental impacts associated with the development and manufacturing of carbon nanotube (CNT)–based ink (called CNTRENE 1030 material) and novel CNT temperature, flex, and moisture sensors. Undertaken by a private-public partnership involving Brewer Science (Rolla, Missouri), Jordan Valley Innovation Center of Missouri State University (Springfield, Missouri), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, Mississippi), this work demonstrates the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) methodology as a diagnostic tool to pinpoint the particular processes and materials posing the greatest environmental impact associated with the manufacture of the CNTRENE material and CNT-based sensor devices. Additionally, ELCA tracked the degree to which optimizing the device manufacturing process for full production also changed its predicted marginal environmental impacts.
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Kuznetsov, Victor, Vladislav Litvinenko, Egor Bykov, and Vadim Lukin. A program for determining the area of the object entering the IR sensor grid, as well as determining the dynamic characteristics. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/bykov.0415.15042021.

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Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.
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Powell, Amy, Erin Acquesta, Warren Davis, Jefferey Nichol, Irina Tezaur, Kara Peterson, Susan Rempe, and Jose Huerta. Water Cycle-Driven Infectious Diseases as Multiscale, Reliable, Continuously Updating Water Cycle Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769797.

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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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6

Chen, Kevin P. High Spatial Resolution Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensor Networks for Reactors and Fuel Cycle Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1475174.

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7

Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.

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Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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DeGrandpre, M. D., and F. L. Sayles. Fiber optic chemical sensors for characterizing the carbon cycle in ocean margin regions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6887154.

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DeGrandpre, M. D., and F. L. Sayles. Fiber optic chemical sensors for characterizing the carbon cycle in ocean margin regions. Annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139625.

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10

Sherman, J. D. Lessons Learned from the Early Stages of Development of the Guardrail Common Sensor for the Radical Reduction of Cycle Time. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423524.

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