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Academic literature on the topic 'Semiconductor Nanomaterials (NMs)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Semiconductor Nanomaterials (NMs)"
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Sanmartín-Matalobos, Jesús, Pilar Bermejo-Barrera, Manuel Aboal-Somoza, Matilde Fondo, Ana M. García-Deibe, Julio Corredoira-Vázquez, and Yeneva Alves-Iglesias. "Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Target Analytes: Properties, Surface Chemistry and Detection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142501.
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Since the discovery of Quantum Dots (QDs) by Alexey I. Ekimov in 1981, the interest of researchers in that particular type of nanomaterials (NMs) with unique optical and electrical properties has been increasing year by year. Thus, since 2009, the number of scientific articles published on this topic has not been less than a thousand a year. The increasing use of QDs due to their biomedical, pharmaceutical, biological, photovoltaics or computing applications, as well as many other high-tech uses such as for displays and solid-state lighting (SSL), has given rise to a considerable number of studies about its potential toxicity. However, there are a really low number of reported studies on the detection and quantification of QDs, and these include ICP–MS and electrochemical analysis, which are the most common quantification techniques employed for this purpose. The knowledge of chemical phenomena occurring on the surface of QDs is crucial for understanding the interactions of QDs with species dissolved in the dispersion medium, while it paves the way for a widespread use of chemosensors to facilitate its detection. Keeping in mind both human health and environmental risks of QDs as well as the scarcity of analytical techniques and methodological approaches for their detection, the adaptation of existing techniques and methods used with other NMs appears necessary. In order to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on QD detection, this review focused on three interrelated key aspects of QDs: properties, surface chemistry and detection.
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Porotnikov, Dmitry, Benjamin T. Diroll, Dulanjan Harankahage, Laura Obloy, Mingrui Yang, James Cassidy, Cole Ellison, et al. "Low-threshold laser medium utilizing semiconductor nanoshell quantum dots." Nanoscale 12, no. 33 (2020): 17426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03582c.
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Narayanan, Kannan Badri, Rakesh Bhaskar, Yong Joo Seok, and Sung Soo Han. "Photocatalytic Degradation, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Studies of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Biosynthesized Hybrid Metal/Semiconductor Nanocomposites." Microorganisms 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2023): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071810.
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The biological synthesis of nanocomposites has become cost-effective and environmentally friendly and can achieve sustainability with high efficiency. Recently, the biological synthesis of semiconductor and metal-doped semiconductor nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency, anticancer, and antibacterial properties has attracted considerable attention. To this end, for the first time, we biosynthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver/ZnO nanocomposites (Ag/ZnO NCs) as semiconductor and metal-doped semiconductor nanocomposites, respectively, using the cell-free filtrate (CFF) of the bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The biosynthesized ZnO and Ag/ZnO NCs were characterized by various techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation potential of these semiconductor NPs and metal-semiconductor NCs was evaluated against thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB) degradation, under simulated solar irradiation. Ag/ZnO showed 90.4 ± 0.46% photocatalytic degradation of MB, compared to 38.18 ± 0.15% by ZnO in 120 min. The cytotoxicity of ZnO and Ag/ZnO on human cervical HeLa cancer cells was determined using an MTT assay. Both nanomaterials exhibited cytotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner on HeLa cells. The antibacterial activity was also determined against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Compared to ZnO, Ag/ZnO NCs showed higher antibacterial activity. Hence, the biosynthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles could be a promising strategy for developing hybrid metal/semiconductor nanomaterials for different biomedical and environmental applications.
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Lemeshko, P. S., Yu M. Spivak, and V. A. Moshnikov. "Possibilities of Multiphoton Microscopy in Semiconductor Nanomaterials Research." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 24, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.24.271-278.
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Multiphoton microscopy is the method using nonlinear optical effect which is two-photon absorption. It occurs when two identical photons are absorbed simultaneously. The photon energy should be around two times smaller than the photon energy for one-photon absorption. Thus, the excitation irradiation wavelength for multiphoton microscopy should be twice that for conventional confocal microscopy. Nowadays, multiphoton microscopy is widely used for biological research, but it is possible to apply this for non-biological materials studying, particularly, for solid-state materials and structures. Low-wavelength laser irradiation deep penetration, focusing and optical signal analysis possibility provides essential new challenges solving of hierarchical "smart" nanoparticles synthesis for target drug delivery, theranostics etc. In this paper we give an answer of some most popular questions about multiphoton microscopy. Nature and aspects of the multiphoton microscopy method were described. Advantages of this method in comparison with confocal microscopy method were shown. Multiphoton microscopy gives the best image contrast and the less photodamage and photobleaching of biological samples, and provides an opportunity of three-dimensional imaging of the biomaterials as well as the solid-state materials. Additionally, capabilities of this method for solid-state materials research were demonstrated by the porous silicon samples example. Also, multiphoton microscopy images of biological objects were shown.
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Tsvetkov, L. A., A. A. Pustovalov, G. A. Badun, V. A. Bunyaev, V. N. Verbetsky, A. A. Mandrugin, and N. N. Baranov. "Ways of Increasing Specific Energy Intensity of Tritium-based beta-Voltaic Nuclear Batteries." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 23, no. 5 (October 22, 2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.23.223-231.
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Creating a beta-voltaic semiconductor battery based on long-lived radionuclide is an urgent task. However, today the technology of creating such energy sources and their output characteristics are far from perfect. This article analyzes ways to maximize energy intensity on the surface of the semiconductor carrier. Various methods of creating the maximum possible volume concentration of radioactive beta-emitter atoms based on the use of tritium are considered. A variety of variants using "associated" tritium are considered for application on the surface of the semiconductor carrier: metal tritids, intermetalides. One option may be the use of tritium-labeled organic molecules and polymers, as well as tritium, which is part of carbon nanomaterials — fullerenes, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, graphene and graphene oxide. The properties of intermet-allides hydrides (LaNi5, LaNi5T6) are considered. The dependence of the unit energy intensity of the battery's working body on the thickness of the emitter's film has been analyzed. As a result of the studies, the analysis of ways to achieve maximum energy intensity on the surface of the semiconductor carrier was analyzed. Various methods of creating the maximum possible volume concentration of radioactive beta-emitter atoms based on the use of tritium are considered. The dependence of the unit energy intensity of the battery's working body on the thickness of the emitter's film has been analyzed.
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Elshafaie, A., Laila H. Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed M. Abu-Dief, Samar Kamel Hamdan, A. M. Ahmed, and E. M. M. Ibrahim. "Electric, Thermoelectric and Magnetic Properties of Nickel(II) Imine Nanocomplexes." Nano 13, no. 07 (July 2018): 1850074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018500741.
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Production of novel organic semiconductor nanomaterials is essential for enabling the development of personal, portable and flexible electronic modules. This work presents Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes with enhanced Seebeck coefficient and weak ferromagnetic ordering for thermoelectric and magnetic devices. Four Ni(II)-Schiff base complexes (namely [Ni(C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N3O4Br)][Formula: see text]2H2O, [Ni(C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N3O[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text]2H2O, [Ni(C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N5O8Br)] and [Ni(C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N5O[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text]H2O) have been synthesized in nanosized dimensions. The electrical and thermoelectric properties have been studied, and comprehensive discussions have been presented to understand the electrical conduction mechanisms. The electrical conductivity measurements reveal that the conduction is due to the charge carriers hoping between the atomic sites of the same energy levels in the molecule as well as the transfer of the charge carriers between the neighboring complex molecules due to overlapping of their orbitals. The thermoelectric measurement confirms that the nanocomplexes (NCs) are non-degenerate P-type semiconductors with enhanced Seebeck coefficient values compared with those reported for other organic materials. The NCs exhibit antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transitions with the increase of temperature and weak ferromagnetic ordering at 300[Formula: see text]K.
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Mao, Qiulian, Jicun Ma, Mei Chen, Shiying Lin, Noman Razzaq, and Jiabin Cui. "Recent advances in heavily doped plasmonic copper chalcogenides: from synthesis to biological application." Chemical Synthesis 3, no. 3 (2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.41.
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Copper-based chalcogenide compounds have emerged as alternative materials to Cd- or Pb-based traditional semiconductors and have drawn significant attention. Compared with widely reported semiconductors, copper chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with abundant copper defects and vacancies present p-type features. Additionally, the migration of free hole carriers in copper-based chalcogenide NCs produced a metal-like local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. In this review, we focused on the plasmonic copper chalcogenide NCs achieved through a heavily doped strategy. The copper sulfur compounds with versatile atomic ratios and complex crystal structures exhibit rich electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for a broad range of applications, from energy conversion to biomedical fields. Therefore, our main focus is on the classification of copper chalcogenide synthesis strategies, theoretical studies of doping, doping strategies, and biological applications. We aim to analyze the trends of copper-based chalcogenide nanomaterials for clinical applications by summarizing previous studies and presenting designs and concepts in a brief manner.
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González-Rubio, Guillermo, and Wiebke Albrecht. "Engineering of plasmonic gold nanocrystals through pulsed laser irradiation." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 20 (November 14, 2022): 200502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122888.
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Gold nanocrystals (NCs) have drawn tremendous interest in the scientific community due to their unique ability to interact with light. When irradiated with ultrafast pulsed lasers, the lattice temperature of gold NCs can rapidly increase, even above the melting and evaporation thresholds, which results in strong morphological, structural, and aggregation state modifications. Thereby, ultrafast pulsed laser irradiation can lead to the formation of metastable gold nanostructures with distinctive physicochemical features. In this Perspective, we discuss the implementation of femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed lasers to engineer gold NCs. We underline the importance of controlling the heating and cooling dynamics to achieve desired reshaping and restructuring of gold NCs at temperatures below and above its melting point. In addition, we demonstrate the need for advanced electron microscopy characterization techniques and single-particle studies to understand the detailed atomistic mechanisms behind the modifications following pulsed laser irradiation. Finally, we provide our views of the evolving opportunities of ultrafast laser irradiation as a unique tool for the fabrication of unprecedented nanomaterials and catalysts from metal and multimetal NCs to semiconductors.
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Zhang, Zhijie, Rui Zhou, Deben Li, Ying Jiang, Xuesheng Wang, Huiling Tang, and Jiayue Xu. "Recent Progress in Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010106.
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Due to its environmental cleanliness and high energy density, hydrogen has been deemed as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Photocatalytic water-splitting using semiconductor materials is a good prospect for hydrogen production in terms of renewable solar energy utilization. In recent years, halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging as a new class of fascinating nanomaterial for light harvesting and photocatalytic applications. This is due to their appealing optoelectronic properties, such as optimal band gaps, high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, etc. In this review, recent progress in halide perovskite NCs for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is summarized. Emphasis is given to the current strategies that enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of halide perovskite NCs. Some scientific challenges and perspectives for halide perovskite photocatalysts are also proposed and discussed. It is anticipated that this review will provide valuable references for the future development of halide perovskite-based photocatalysts used in highly efficient hydrogen evolution.
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Chew, Xiong Yeu, Guang Ya Zhou, and Fook Siong Chau. "Novel Doubly Nano-Scale Perturbative Resonance Control of a Free-Suspending Photonic Crystal Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 83 (July 2011): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.83.147.
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The impact of developing nanophotonic components have proven to be a promising research on the future optical integrated circuit complementing the current scaling of semiconductors for faster board-board, chip-chip interconnect speeds. Essentially photonic crystals (PhC) symbolize an emerging class of periodic nanomaterials that offers flexibilities in achieving novel devices. Based on the investigations of the high-Q resonance mode energy distributions, we optimized the nanoscale tip for optimal perturbative effect with low loss resonance control in the optical near field regime. In this study to achieve larger spectral resonance, we proposed using a novel doubly nanoscale perturbative tip to achieve optimal accurate photonic crystal resonance control. Such method may be driven by a nano-electromechanical (NEMS) system that may be fabricated with monolithic approaches.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Semiconductor Nanomaterials (NMs)"
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Brown, Richard Matthew. "Coherent transfer between electron and nuclear spin qubits and their decoherence properties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21e043b7-3b72-44d7-8095-74308a6827dd.
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Conventional computing faces a huge technical challenge as traditional transistors will soon reach their size limitations. This will halt progress in reaching faster processing speeds and to overcome this problem, require an entirely new approach. Quantum computing (QC) is a natural solution offering a route to miniaturisation by, for example, storing information in electron or nuclear spin states, whilst harnessing the power of quantum physics to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than its classical counterpart. However, QCs face many difficulties, such as, protecting the quantum-bit (qubit) from the environment and its irreversible loss through the process of decoherence. Hybrid systems provide a route to harnessing the benefits of multiple degrees of freedom through the coherent transfer of quantum information between them. In this thesis I show coherent qubit transfer between electron and nuclear spin states in a 15N@C60 molecular system (comprising a nitrogen atom encapsulated in a carbon cage) and a solid state system, using phosphorous donors in silicon (Si:P). The propagation uses a series of resonant mi- crowave and radiofrequency pulses and is shown with a two-way fidelity of around 90% for an arbitrary qubit state. The transfer allows quantum information to be held in the nuclear spin for up to 3 orders of magnitude longer than in the electron spin, producing a 15N@C60 and Si:P ‘quantum memory’ of up to 130 ms and 1.75 s, respectively. I show electron and nuclear spin relaxation (T1), in both systems, is dominated by a two-phonon process resonant with an excited state, with a constant electron/nuclear T1 ratio. The thesis further investigates the decoherence and relaxation properties of metal atoms encapsulated in a carbon cage, termed metallofullerenes, discovering that exceptionally long electron spin decoherence times are possible, such that these can be considered a viable QC candidate.