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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Semi-distribution

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Academic literature on the topic 'Semi-distribution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Semi-distribution"

1

Bouzar, Nadjib. "The semi-Sibuya distribution." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 60, no. 2 (February 23, 2007): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10463-007-0118-4.

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Chen, Lingli, Qin Li, Chengdong Liu, Yu Peng, and Fang Yu. "Efficient mediated semi-quantum key distribution." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 582 (November 2021): 126265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.126265.

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Mathew, Thomas, and K. Jayakumar. "Bivariate Semi-Logistic Distribution and Processes." Journal of Statistical Research of Iran 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jsri.3.2.159.

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Chen, Yanbei, Xiatian Zhu, Wei Li, and Shaogang Gong. "Semi-Supervised Learning under Class Distribution Mismatch." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 3569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5763.

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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to avoid the need for collecting prohibitively expensive labelled training data. Whilst demonstrating impressive performance boost, existing SSL methods artificially assume that small labelled data and large unlabelled data are drawn from the same class distribution. In a more realistic scenario with class distribution mismatch between the two sets, they often suffer severe performance degradation due to error propagation introduced by irrelevant unlabelled samples. Our work addresses this under-studied and realistic SSL problem by a novel algorithm named Uncertainty-Aware Self-Distillation (UASD). Specifically, UASD produces soft targets that avoid catastrophic error propagation, and empower learning effectively from unconstrained unlabelled data with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This is based on joint Self-Distillation and OOD filtering in a unified formulation. Without bells and whistles, UASD significantly outperforms six state-of-the-art methods in more realistic SSL under class distribution mismatch on three popular image classification datasets: CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and TinyImageNet.

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Hallin, Marc, and Bas J. M. Werker. "Semi-parametric efficiency, distribution-freeness and invariance." Bernoulli 9, no. 1 (February 2003): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/bj/1068129013.

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Adrian, Donald Dean, Vijay P. Singh, and Zhi-Qiang Deng. "Diffusion-Based Semi-Infinite Fourier Probability Distribution." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 7, no. 2 (March 2002): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2002)7:2(154).

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Tsai, Chia-Wei, Chun-Wei Yang, and Narn-Yih Lee. "Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 34 (November 5, 2019): 1950281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231950281x.

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Classical users can share a secret key with a quantum user by using a semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol. Allowing two classical users to share a secret key is the objective of the mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol. However, the existing MSQKD protocols need a quantum user to assist two classical users in distributing the secret keys, and these protocols require that the classical users be equipped with a Trojan horse photon detector. This reduces the practicability of the MSQKD protocols. Therefore, in this study we propose a lightweight MSQKD, in which the two participants and third party are classical users. Due to the usage of the one-way transmission strategy, the proposed lightweight MSQKD protocol is free from quantum Trojan horse attack. The proposed MSQKD is more practical than the existing MSQKD protocols.

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Kuttykrishnan, A. P., and K. Jayakumar. "Bivariate semi α-Laplace distribution and processes." Statistical Papers 49, no. 2 (August 3, 2006): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-006-0014-7.

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Ivanov, Roman V. "The Semi-Hyperbolic Distribution and Its Applications." Stats 6, no. 4 (October 21, 2023): 1126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats6040071.

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This paper studies a subclass of the class of generalized hyperbolic distribution called the semi-hyperbolic distribution. We obtain analytical expressions for the cumulative distribution function and, specifically, their first and second lower partial moments. Using the received formulas, we compute the value at risk, the expected shortfall, and the semivariance in the semi-hyperbolic model of the financial market. The formulas depend on the values of generalized hypergeometric functions and modified Bessel functions of the second kind. The research illustrates the possibility of analysis of generalized hyperbolic models using the same methodology as is employed for the well-established variance-gamma model.

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Massa, Francesco, Preeti Yadav, Amir Moqanaki, Walter O. Krawec, Paulo Mateus, Nikola Paunković, André Souto, and Philip Walther. "Experimental Semi-quantum Key Distribution With Classical Users." Quantum 6 (September 22, 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-22-819.

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Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many theoretical and experimental efforts, thus becoming one of the most prominent quantum technologies of the last decades. The security of the key relies on quantum mechanics and therefore requires the users to be capable of performing quantum operations, such as state preparation or measurements in multiple bases. A natural question is whether and to what extent these requirements can be relaxed and the quantum capabilities of the users reduced. Here we demonstrate a novel quantum key distribution scheme, where users are fully classical. In our protocol, the quantum operations are performed by an untrusted third party acting as a server, which gives the users access to a superimposed single photon, and the key exchange is achieved via interaction-free measurements on the shared state. We also provide a full security proof of the protocol by computing the secret key rate in the realistic scenario of finite-resources, as well as practical experimental conditions of imperfect photon source and detectors. Our approach deepens the understanding of the fundamental principles underlying quantum key distribution and, at the same time, opens up new interesting possibilities for quantum cryptography networks

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Semi-distribution"

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Hong, Jiazheng. "A Semi-Analytical Load Distribution Model of Spline Joints." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1426110670.

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Kim, Minjoo. "Three essays in semi-parametric modelling of time-varying distribution." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1916/.

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During the last century we have been frustrated by the number of economic crises which trigger extreme uncertainty in the global economic system. Economic agents are sensitive to the uncertainty of inflations, as well as to asset values, for survival in such circumstances. Hence, modern finance and monetary economics emphasise that risk modelling of asset values and inflations are key inputs to financial theory and monetary policy. The risk is completely described by the distribution which is verified to be time-varying and non-normal. Although various parametric and non-parametric approaches have been developed to model the time-varying nature and the non-normality, they still suffer from intrinsic limitations. This study proposes the dynamic modelling of the non-parametric distribution (Functional Autoregressive Model (FAR) and Spatial Distribution Analysis) in order to overcome the limitations. Firstly, we apply FAR to the Value-at-Risk analysis. It forecasts an intraday return density function by the functional autoregressive process and calculates a daily Value-at-Risk by the Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution. It reduces economic cost and improves coverage ability in the Value-at-Risk analysis. Secondly, we apply FAR to forecasting the cross-sectional distribution of sectoral inflation rates, which holds the information of the heterogeneous variation across sectors. As a result, it improves the aggregate inflation rate forecasting. Further, the heterogeneous variation is utilised for constructing the uncertainty band of the aggregate inflation forecast, like the fan-chart of the Bank of England. Thirdly, we apply the spatial distribution analysis to rank investment strategies by comparing their time aggregated utilities over the investment horizon. To this end, we use a spatial dominance test. Since a classical stochastic dominance approach considers only the return distribution at the terminal time point of the investment horizon, it cannot properly evaluate the risk, broken out exogenously or endogenously, in the middle of the investment horizon. However, the proposed spatial dominance approach considers completely the interim risk in evaluating alternative investment strategies.

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Chopping, M. J. "Linear semi-empirical kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function models in monitoring semi-arid grasslands from space." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262949.

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Bianco, Nicola. "Optimal control of particle size distribution in semi-batch emulsion polymerisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7474.

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Ozger, Sukru Serkan. "A semi-pressure-driven approach to reliability assessment of water distribution networks." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3109593.

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Sun, Ye. "Peer-assisted semi-persistent online storage and distribution : design, analysis and modeling /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202009%20SUN.

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Hu, Xin. "Distribution, elimination and toxicity assessment of semi-volatile polychlorobiphenyls after inhalation exposure." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2523.

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Inhalation exposure to semi-volatile polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) that ubiquitously exist in the environment has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Recently identified sources of airborne PCBs, especially non-legacy sources, stress the importance of risk assessment for inhalation exposure. However, the fate of inhaled airborne PCBs in biological systems and the resultant toxicity remain unexplored. The objective of this thesis research was to investigate the distribution and elimination of semi-volatile PCBs in biological systems after inhalation exposure and evaluate the biologic and toxicologic consequences. This objective was achieved by conducting the following inhalation studies in rats: a short-term exposure study of the body burden and elimination; a subchronic exposure toxicity study; an acute exposure study of PCB11 metabolism; and a mass balance study of [14C]PCB11 following lung exposure. PCBs found in technical Aroclor mixtures and PCB11 were readily absorbed and distributed following nose-only inhalation exposure. PCBs accumulated in adipose tissue, but decayed in other tissues with biological half-lives of several hours. Their elimination was dependent on the structure of the PCB congeners and the metabolic nature of the organ. Lower-chlorinated PCBs exhibited more rapid clearance than higher-chlorinated congeners yet differential rates of elimination were also seen within the homologue. A distinct congener pattern was found in tissues, ranging from tri- to pentachorobiphenyls after subacute and subchronic exposure. Rapid elimination of PCB11 and its metabolite, 4-OH-CB11, were detected in liver following nose-only inhalation exposure by our established methodology. Further investigation revealed that [14C]PCB11 was 99.8% absorbed in lung. Elimination of the [14C]PCB11 and products consisted of an initial fast phase followed by a slow clearance phase. [14C]PCB11 underwent rapid and extensive metabolism in liver. The major products were phase II metabolites which dominated in the non-adipose tissues and were eliminated via the large intestine and urine. Overall, differential congener elimination was found after inhalation of airborne PCBs, with minimal toxicity. Lower-chlorinated congeners were rapidly and extensively metabolized to phase II products and eliminated within hours.

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Crego, Ramiro Daniel. "Modeling the distribution of meadows in arid and semi-arid Patagonia, Argentina: assessing current distribution and predicting response to climate change." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1001.

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Meadows are critical in arid and semi-arid Argentinean Patagonia because of their importance for regional biodiversity. Despite this, little information on the spatial distribution of meadows is available and no analysis of the potential effect of climate change on meadows has been performed, which hampers conservation planning. In this study, I modeled the spatial distribution of meadows and investigated how climate change may affect the current distribution of meadows in arid and semiarid Patagonia by 2050. In addition, I investigated conservation status and areas of desertification vulnerability of those areas predicted to contain meadows. I used high-resolution imagery available in Google Earth software to visually estimate presence and absence of meadows. To model current and future distribution of meadows I used these observations and different socio-environmental predictor variables. I implemented generalized linear, additive, boosting, and random forest models, as the basis for a mean ensemble technique. I predicted future distribution of meadows using four different general circulation models and the A2 SERES scenario. The final ensemble model was an accurate representation of the current distribution of meadows in Patagonia and indicates they are severely under-represented within protected areas. I determined that overall meadow abundance is going to decrease by 2050 given the changes in climate. However, there were two contrasting trends: severe reduction of meadows in northwest Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego Island, and an expansion of suitable areas for meadows in the south and a small section in the northwest. This first regional map of meadow distribution across Argentinean Patagonia and information on meadows vulnerability to climate change represent key information for planning actions to conserve this critical habitat.

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Shek, Yiu-fai, and 石耀輝. "Electric field distribution in metal/semi-insulating GaAs contacts investigated by positron lifetime technique." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221579.

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Gramlich, Anja. "Development of a semi-quantitative method to determine the distribution of Ni in hyperaccumulator plants." Zürich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ITES - Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=365.

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Books on the topic "Semi-distribution"

1

Ngana, J. Selection of a probability distribution for estimating reliably seasonal rainfall in semi-arid central Tanzania. [Dar es Salaam]: Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, 1991.

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2

Stern, S. Alan. Distribution and nature of UV absorbers on Triton's surface: Semi-annual report, contract no. NAGW-3402. San Antonio, Tex: Southwest Research Institute, 1995.

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Sundaram, K. M. S. Distribution and persistence of aminocarb in terrestrial components of the forest environment after semi-operational application of two mixtures of Matacil 180F. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Forest Pest Management Institute, 1985.

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4

Impurities in semiconductors: Solubility, migration, and interactions. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004.

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Donald, Stephen G. Differences in earnings and wage distributions between Canada and the United States: An application of a semi-parametric estimator of distribution functions with covariates. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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Pascholati, Gusmão Luís Fernando, Maia Leonor Costa, Instituto do Milênio do Semi-Árido (Brazil), Associação Plantas do Nordeste (Brazil), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico., eds. Diversidade e caracterização dos fungos do semi-árido brasileiro. Recife, PE: Instituto do Milênio do Semi-Árido, 2006.

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7

Pascholati, Gusmão Luís Fernando, Maia Leonor Costa, Instituto do Milênio do Semi-Árido (Brazil), Associação Plantas do Nordeste (Brazil), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico., eds. Diversidade e caracterização dos fungos do semi-árido brasileiro. Recife, PE: Instituto do Milênio do Semi-Árido, 2006.

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8

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Near-wall modelling of compressible turbulent flows: A semi-annual progress report. Tempe, Ariz: College of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1991.

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University, Arizona State, and Langley Research Center, eds. Near-wall modelling of compressible turbulent flows: A semi-annual progress report. Tempe, Ariz: Arizona State University, 1990.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Near-wall modelling of compressible turbulent flows: A semi-annual progress report. Tempe, Ariz: College of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Arizona State University, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Semi-distribution"

1

Drouza, Chryssoula, and Anastasios D. Keramidas. "Charge Distribution in Vanadiump-(Hydro/Semi)Quinonate Complexes." In Vanadium: The Versatile Metal, 352–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0974.ch025.

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Kobs, Konstantin, Christian Schäfer, Michael Steininger, Anna Krause, Roland Baumhauer, Heiko Paeth, and Andreas Hotho. "Semi-Supervised Learning for Grain Size Distribution Interpolation." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 34–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68780-9_4.

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Hu, Haoji, Chaofeng Sha, Xiaoling Wang, and Aoying Zhou. "Estimate Unlabeled-Data-Distribution for Semi-supervised PU Learning." In Web Technologies and Applications, 22–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29253-8_3.

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Duan, Yue, Lei Qi, Lei Wang, Luping Zhou, and Yinghuan Shi. "RDA: Reciprocal Distribution Alignment for Robust Semi-supervised Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 533–49. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20056-4_31.

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Savruk, Mykhaylo P., and Andrzej Kazberuk. "Stress Distribution in Elastic Plane with a Semi-infinite Notch." In Stress Concentration at Notches, 57–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44555-7_2.

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Robles, V., P. Larrañaga, J. M. Peña, M. S. Pérez, E. Menasalvas, and V. Herves. "Learning Semi Naïve Bayes Structures by Estimation of Distribution Algorithms." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence, 244–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24580-3_31.

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Rani, Neelam, Ajay Pratap, and Ashok K. Ahuja. "Wind Pressure Distribution on Multi-span Semi-circular Canopy Roofs." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 831–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80312-4_71.

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Gøttcke, Jonatan Møller Nuutinen, Arthur Zimek, and Ricardo J. G. B. Campello. "Non-parametric Semi-supervised Learning by Bayesian Label Distribution Propagation." In Similarity Search and Applications, 118–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89657-7_10.

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Lim, Michael Kho. "The Semi-formal and Informal Economies of Film Distribution and Exhibition." In Philippine Cinema and the Cultural Economy of Distribution, 205–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03608-9_8.

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Liu, Linhu, Jiang Tian, Zhongchao Shi, and Jianping Fan. "Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Semantic Distance Distribution Consistency Learning." In Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, 323–35. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18910-4_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Semi-distribution"

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Krawec, Walter O. "Multi-Mediated Semi-Quantum Key Distribution." In 2019 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024404.

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Zang, Shaofei, Yuhu Cheng, Xuesong Wang, and Jianwei Ma. "Semi-supervised Flexible Joint Distribution Adaptation." In ICNCC 2019: 2019 The 8th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3375998.3376022.

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Zhang, Teng, and Zhi-Hua Zhou. "Semi-Supervised Optimal Margin Distribution Machines." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/431.

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Semi-supervised support vector machines is an extension of standard support vector machines with unlabeled instances, and the goal is to find a label assignment of the unlabeled instances, so that the decision boundary has the maximal \textit{minimum margin} on both the original labeled instances and unlabeled instances. Recent studies, however, disclosed that maximizing the minimum margin does not necessarily lead to better performance, and instead, it is crucial to optimize the \textit{margin distribution}. In this paper, we propose a novel approach SODM (Semi-supervised Optimal margin Distribution Machine), which tries to assign the label to unlabeled instances and achieve optimal margin distribution simultaneously. Specifically, we characterize the margin distribution by the first- and second-order statistics, i.e., the margin mean and variance, and extend a stochastic mirror prox method to solve the resultant minimax problem. Extensive experiments on UCI data sets show that SODM is significantly better than compared methods, which verifies the superiority of optimal margin distribution learning.

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Krawec, Walter. "Practical security of semi-quantum key distribution." In Quantum Information Science, Sensing, and Computation X, edited by Michael Hayduk and Eric Donkor. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303759.

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Wang, Qin, Wen Li, and Luc Van Gool. "Semi-Supervised Learning by Augmented Distribution Alignment." In 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2019.00155.

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Tan, Zhuolin, Anyong Qin, Yongqing Sun, and Yuan Yan Tang. "Distribution Preserving Deep Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658906.

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Xie, Hui, Xuanxuan Liu, and Li Guo. "Semi-supervised One-pass Learning under Distribution Shift." In ICBDT 2023: 2023 6th International Conference on Big Data Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3627377.3627446.

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Krawec, Walter O., and Eric P. Geiss. "Semi-Quantum Key Distribution with Limited Measurement Capabilities." In 2018 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/isita.2018.8664264.

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Yang, Qinkai, Chao Tan, Junzhao Hao, and Genlin Ji. "Label Distribution-based Open-world Semi-supervised Learning." In 2023 Eleventh International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd63341.2023.00041.

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Javed, Muhammad Younus, and Asim Nawaz. "Data Load Distribution by Semi Real Time Data Warehouse." In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer and Network Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccnt.2010.104.

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Reports on the topic "Semi-distribution"

1

Gálvez, Julio. Household portfolio choices under (non-)linear income risk: an empirical framework. Madrid: Banco de España, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33792.

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This paper develops a flexible, semi-structural framework to empirically quantify the non-linear transmission of income shocks to household portfolio choice decisions both at the extensive and intensive margins. I model stock market participation and portfolio allocation rules as age-dependent functions of persistent and transitory earnings components, wealth and unobserved taste shifters. I establish non-parametric identification and propose a tractable, simulation-based estimation algorithm, building on recent developments in the sample selection literature. Using recent waves of PSID data, I find heterogeneous income and wealth effects on both extensive and intensive margins, over the wealth and life-cycle dimensions. These results suggest that preferences are heterogeneous across the wealth distribution and over the life cycle. Moreover, in impulse response exercises, I find sizeable extensive margin responses to persistent income shocks. Finally, I find heterogeneity in participation costs across households in the wealth distribution.

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Westley, Glenn D. Can Financial Market Policies Reduce Income Inequality? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008882.

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This paper seeks to answer two questions: How can we further develop a country¿s microfinance industry and what impact might this have on the country¿s income distribution?. Also it presents substantial arguments and data to support the contention that improving the access of micro and small enterprises to financial services could have an important salutary impact on a country's income distribution. To demonstrate this, the paper shows first that many poor own or are employed by smaller enterprises, second that smaller enterprises are indeed poorly served with formal and semi-formal credit, and third that providing financial services to smaller enterprises increases their income and employment and reduces income inequality to an important degree. Using household survey data from 15 Latin American countries, the paper finds that while the microenterprise sector accounts for 56 percent of all earners in the region, it includes 70 percent of the region's poor earners (with 35 percent of the poor earners being single-person-firm owners and the other 35 percent microenterprise employees).

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Bouezmarni, Taoufik, Mohamed Doukali, and Abderrahim Taamouti. Copula-based estimation of health concentration curves with an application to COVID-19. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mtkj3339.

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COVID-19 has created an unprecedented global health crisis that caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Many, however, argue that pre-existing social inequalities have led to inequalities in infection and death rates across social classes, with the most-deprived classes are worst hit. In this paper, we derive semi/non-parametric estimators of Health Concentration Curve (HC) that can quantify inequalities in COVID-19 infections and deaths and help identify the social classes that are most at risk of infection and dying from the virus. We express HC in terms of copula function that we use to build our estimators of HC. For the semi-parametric estimator, a parametric copula is used to model the dependence between health and socio-economic variables. The copula function is estimated using maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator after replacing the cumulative distribution of health variable by its empirical analogue. For the non-parametric estimator, we replace the copula function by a Bernstein copula estimator. Furthermore, we use the above estimators of HC to derive copula-based estimators of health Gini coeffcient. We establish the consistency and the asymptotic normality of HC’s estimators. Using different data-generating processes and sample sizes, a Monte-Carlo simulation exercise shows that the semiparametric estimator outperforms the smoothed nonparametric estimator, and that the latter does better than the empirical estimator in terms of Integrated Mean Squared Error. Finally, we run an extensive empirical study to illustrate the importance of HC’s estimators for investigating inequality in COVID-19 infections and deaths in the U.S. The empirical results show that the inequalities in state’s socio-economic variables like poverty, race/ethnicity, and economic prosperity are behind the observed inequalities in the U.S.’s COVID-19 infections and deaths.

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Eamer, J. B. R., C. Greaves, and E. L. King. The science questions underpinning the potential for offshore wind turbines on Atlantic Canada's continental shelves. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331697.

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Offshore wind farms typically host tens to hundreds of turbines that are individually sited on foundations or anchored if floating. These are connected by inter-farm cables which feed into one or more marine-based substations, further feeding one or more shore-connected high-voltage cables - all infrastructure that requires knowledge of water depth, metocean conditions, and seabed/subsurface geology. With this industry set to establish itself on the continental shelf of Atlantic Canada, knowledge of the geological conditions from the seabed to tens of metres below will be essential for farm layout and foundation design. Thus, geoscience questions addressing regional geomorphology, Pleistocene glacial retreat and sea-level change, the characteristics of key individual stratigraphic layers, and the magnitude and patterns of sediment mobility are important. In Atlantic Canada, ongoing efforts to address these questions are using legacy data, but new data is required to further our understanding of the shallower portions of the shelf. Examples include: what is the distribution of buried tunnel valleys under offshore banks, and might their complex facies infill affect foundation conditions? How and where would the organic sediments, left by a coastal suite of landforms drowned during transgression, affect foundation or landfalling cable stability? How active is salt diapirism, and could it be considered a geohazard? Are demonstrated sediment mass failures also a risk? What is the current understanding of sediment mobility in shallow waters, and how does that affect infrastructure armouring/depth of burial? What is the variability of the geotechnical properties of our offshore sediments? What is the foundation suitability of offshore Tertiary semi-consolidated bedrock? To conclude, the initial scope of a developing regional foundation suitability model will be presented for the Eastern Scotian Shelf.

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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.

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BOND-SLIP TESTING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEMI-RIGID FLANGE FOLDED WEB SHEAR KEYS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.4.3.

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The shear key is crucial to the overall mechanical performance of the structure. A new type of semi-rigid connector-flange folded web shear key was proposed to determine the effective unity of higher bearing capacity and deformation. A total of five groups of specimens were designed, and the push-out test method was used to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity, bond-slip process, failure mode, and strain distribution of the new shear key. The results show that before sliding, the embedded effect of the concrete and shear key is significant, and it has a significant sliding stiffness. After sliding, the steel plate in the middle of the opening of the outer folded plate buckles, which shows certain semi-rigid characteristics. Compared with equal-area studs, the bearing capacity of the new shear key is increased by more than 40%, and the deformation capacity exceeds 60 %, indicating good bond-slip performance. The constraint range of the shear key is greatly improved compared with the stud, and a trapezoidal area of constraint centered on the shear key is formed, accounting for more than half of the area of the concrete slab. Based on an experimental study, a practical calculation method of ultimate bearing capacity of the shear key is proposed, which can meet engineering safety requirements. Based on the analysis of bond-slip characteristics of different forms of shear keys, compared with the rigid T-shaped shear key, the slip load and ultimate bearing capacity of the new shear key are found to be increased by 39 % and 74 %, respectively, and the deformation capacity is increased more than 10-fold. Compared with the flexible stud shear connectors, the sliding load is increased by 86 %, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased more two-fold, and the stiffness is increased by nearly five times. The device exhibits good comprehensive performance.

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Can goal setting help women in India use digital saving services more? Busara, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62372/fkkp8467.

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Financial participation within households serves as an important indicator of women’s economic empowerment. While previous studies have explored household finances and savings, digital savings via online or mobile channels have been overlooked. This study looks to shed light here, particularly around goal setting as a process towards saving in women. We used semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to explore topics like savings patterns, digital finance adoption, mental accounting, money allocation, expenses, and agency. Each FGD had 3-5 participants, encouraging dialogue about savings behaviors, approaches, barriers, strategies, and financial decision-making dynamics within their households. We also performed mindmapping where we asked participants to write out the distribution of their household income in size bubbles and flowcharts around which we developed our follow up conversations to gain insight on our target group.

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