Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Semi-Crystalline structure'
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Huang, Tao 1962. "Nucleation and growth of spherulitic domain structure in semi-crystalline polymer thin films." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34737.
Full textIn this work, systematic experiments have been carried out to elucidate the polymer spherulite growth mechanism, the spatio-temporal evolution of nucleation-growth and grain formation. We take spatial correlation into account and describe both geometrical and topological characteristics of the structural evolution in nucleation and growth. Physical models, computational and direct imaging methods have been developed and integrated for prediction and characterization of the microstructure formation in the semi-crystalline polymer thin films. Novel domain-spatial correlation functions and structure functions are proposed and evaluated with experimental data. Scaling relationships for nucleation-growth are explored with experimental data from both FFT imaging and the domain-spatial correlation function. Advanced grain structure analysis are proposed and evaluated in terms of the topological correlation and the grouping analysis of all the pertinent structural parameters taken together. Computational modeling based on the proposed envelop evolution equation associated with the light intensity equation and free energy equation predicts the nucleation-growth processes and grain patterns of polymer spherulitic structures. These results do not only enhance the understanding of dynamic mechanisms, but also provide reliable predictive techniques to optimize material functionality and process control.
Hussein, Naji. "Enhancement of the mechanical performance of semi-crystalline polyamides by tailoring the intermolecular interaction in the amorphous phase." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0140/document.
Full textThe use of polyamides in the automotive industry has grown significantly over the last years with the demand to reduce vehicle weight and also to increase fuel efficiency. Polyamide 66 having excellent chemical resistance, mechanical strength and toughness becomes the largest engineering thermoplastic used in automotive components. These latter are often submitted to repeated stress during service and their mechanical properties decline progressively until the failure. E. Mourglia-Seignobos (thesis 2009), pointed out that damage of polyamide 66 involves voids nucleation and growth in the amorphous phase. In order to improve the durability of this material, we tailored the cohesive energy of its amorphous phase by introducing phenolic moieties offering strong intermolecular H-bonds interactions. We proposed a preparation method of block copolyamides containing aliphatic polyamide 66 and phenolic groups (PA6HIA) by reactive extrusion. Microstructural characterizations pointed out that crystalline properties of resulting copolymers are not significantly altered at low PA6HIA content and that reactive extrusion is more appropriate than the in-situ copolymerization for the preparation of these materials. We showed that PA66/6HIA copolyamides having undisturbed crystalline features exhibit superior mechanical performance than the standard PA66, particularly longer lifetime under cyclic loading. The results of this work put in evidence the impact of the amorphous phase on the ultimate properties of semi-crystalline polymers in one hand, and open the way to a better increase of the durability of these materials by improving their crystalline features in another hand
Simmons, Stephanie. "Influence of processing on the structure and properties of semi-crystalline polymer systems : 1) biodegradable starch/poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) blends and 2) polyolefinic thermoplastics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11379.
Full textHousseini, Joulia. "Corrélation entre la dynamique moléculaire, le polymorphisme cristallin et les propriétés électroactives des polymères à base de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) pour des applications pyroélectriques et de récupération d'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0170.
Full textVinylidene Fluoride (VDF)-based polymers are well-known electroactive materials with their high output functional performance leveraged by the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric effects. Besides, their outstanding electroactive properties, their ability to be incorporated into flexible devices allow them to be integrated into a broad range of applications such as sensors, energy storage, printed memories, electro caloric refrigeration, artificial muscles devices. The dielectric properties of VDF-based polymers are strongly influenced by their macromolecular architecture and semi-crystalline structure. Consequently, understanding the relationship between chemical sequence, crystallinity and electroactive properties is essential to optimize their performance and stability in targeted applications. Modulation of their electroactivity is directly associated with the development of crystalline polymorphism, which can be refined by variations in processing conditions. The central objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to further decipher the multiple semi-crystalline structures of VDF-based polymers and correlate crystalline polymorphism with electroactive behavior. In this work, we particularly delved into the integration of P(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymer into pyroelectric devices, by highlighting the impact of the casting and annealing processes on the semi-crystalline structure and the final pyroelectric properties. A combination of X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles measurements were used to probe the structural characteristics of P(VDF-co-TrFE) layers as function of the film processing methods, leading to the optimization of the final pyroelectric response. Next, we sought at the optimization of P(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) systems used for energy-harvesting or cooling applications by rationalizing the impact of processing conditions – with a focus on the role of the casting solvents – on the relaxor ferroelectric properties. Finally, we have explored the use of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to unravel the relationship between macromolecular structure, crystalline polymorphism and electroactive properties, which allows us to provide a clearer picture of these complex systems by differentiating three different states of ordering in these materials: an amorphous, rigid-amorphous and crystalline phases. In summary, this study aims to establish connections between the macromolecular architecture of electroactive polymers and their thin film crystalline structure to enhance their dielectric functionalities for specific applications
Bargain, François. "Structure semi-cristalline et propriétés d'usage de films de copolymères fluorés électro-actifs : influence de la composition et de la mise en forme." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET007.
Full textThe relationship between semi-crystalline structure and properties of use (mechanical, dielectric and electroactive) of fluorinated copolymer films was studied for applications in organic electronics. Investigated materials are poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers and poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) terpolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (TrFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). Polymer films, obtained after solvent evaporation, are studied by X-ray diffraction (SAXS-WAXS), DSC, FTIR, DMA, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles in order to highlight the impact of composition and processing (annealing, poling) on structure and final properties of material. We showed that the ferroelectric (FE) phase coexists with the defective ferroelectric (DFE) phase in copolymer films. The increasing fraction of DFE phase with TrFE content allows explaining the evolution of thermal properties. A continuous structural transition, from DFE phase to paraelectric (PE) phase was highlighted. The CTFE termonomer content highly influences the crystalline structure and the electro-actives properties of terpolymer films (loss of ferroelectric behavior in favor of relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behavior).We proved for the first time the existence of a continuous structural transition between RFE phase and PE phase around room temperature. This transition allows explaining exacerbated properties of these materials (dielectric constant and deformation under electric field).Finally, analogies of behavior between copolymers and terpolymers are discussed, especially the evolution of crystalline phases under electric field, in order to better understand how these electro-active materials work for their future development at industrial level
Bargain, François. "Structure semi-cristalline et propriétés d'usage de films de copolymères fluorés électro-actifs : influence de la composition et de la mise en forme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET007.
Full textThe relationship between semi-crystalline structure and properties of use (mechanical, dielectric and electroactive) of fluorinated copolymer films was studied for applications in organic electronics. Investigated materials are poly(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymers and poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE) terpolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (TrFE), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). Polymer films, obtained after solvent evaporation, are studied by X-ray diffraction (SAXS-WAXS), DSC, FTIR, DMA, dielectric spectroscopy and polarization cycles in order to highlight the impact of composition and processing (annealing, poling) on structure and final properties of material. We showed that the ferroelectric (FE) phase coexists with the defective ferroelectric (DFE) phase in copolymer films. The increasing fraction of DFE phase with TrFE content allows explaining the evolution of thermal properties. A continuous structural transition, from DFE phase to paraelectric (PE) phase was highlighted. The CTFE termonomer content highly influences the crystalline structure and the electro-actives properties of terpolymer films (loss of ferroelectric behavior in favor of relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behavior).We proved for the first time the existence of a continuous structural transition between RFE phase and PE phase around room temperature. This transition allows explaining exacerbated properties of these materials (dielectric constant and deformation under electric field).Finally, analogies of behavior between copolymers and terpolymers are discussed, especially the evolution of crystalline phases under electric field, in order to better understand how these electro-active materials work for their future development at industrial level
Zhou, Hongxia. "Effects of Microcrystallinity on Physical Aging and Environmental Stress Cracking of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?toledo1122315621.
Full textTypescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 231-241.
Odarchenko, Yaroslav. "Tailoring the mesoscopic structure and orientation of semicrystalline and liquid-crystalline polymers : from 1D- to 2D-confinement." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062091.
Full textGref, Ruxandra. "Fractionnement par pervaporation de mélanges liquides hydro-organiques partiellement miscibles : mise en évidence du rôle de la structure cristalline des membranes denses sur leurs propriétés de transport." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_GREF_R.pdf.
Full textWe have studied the pervaporation properties of different liquid mixtures presenting a miscibility gap. Depending on inner polymer interactions, we defined an “ideal” and a particular bahaviour, and we chose to focus on one membrane of each category : Cellulose Acetate (AC) and Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA), among those widely used in industry. We show that AC swells the same way in both phases in thermodynamic equilibrium, whereas PVA does not. Concentration polarization is the only mean to specifically modify one of the partial fluxes. PVA is a typical semicrystalline polymer, whose structure governs the proportions of the three possible states of soaked water. After a review of the properties ruled by the amount of crystallites in the polymer, we have build a qualitative model devoted to the permeation and swelling properties in two phases in a steady thermodynamic state. We then came to a quantitative model of the pervaporation process using PVA membranes. The result of this study is the fact that soacked water of an absorbent polymer defines its behavior when used as a membrane to pervaporate a hydro-organic mixture
Kumar, Avinesh Avi. "Charge transport in semi-crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) structures." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538659.
Full textAmalou, Zhor. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure semi-cristalline des polymères à chaînes semi-rigides." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210832.
Full textDans ce travail, une contribution originale est apportée à cette étude, et cela en combinant diverses techniques expérimentales permettant des mesures calorifiques et structurales en températures et temps réels. L’intérêt c’est porté sur les polymères linéaires aromatiques tels que le polyéthylènes teréphthalate, PET, et le polytriméthylène téréphthalate, PTT, caractérisés par une température de transition vitreuse supérieure à l’ambiante ( Tg > 50°) et une température de fusion élevée (Tm>220°C), offrant ainsi une assez large gamme de température de cristallisation (Tm-Tg). L’étude de la structure semi-cristalline du PET à l’échelle du nanomètre et de la relaxation des phases amorphes présentes dans sa structure est facilitée par l’utilisation d’un diluant amorphe tel que le polyétherimide (PEI), qui forme un mélange miscible avec le PET.
L’utilisation de microscopie de force atomique AFM à haute température a permis d’observer la cristallisation isotherme de PET en temps réel et de décrire ainsi la cristallisation secondaire comme un processus d'épaississement des piles lamellaires. De plus, l’analyse de la structure semi-cristalline du PET et du PTT, dans l’espace direct, sont en faveur d’un modèle structural homogène, où l’épaisseur lamellaire moyenne est légèrement inférieure à l’épaisseur moyenne des régions amorphes interlamellaires. Ces résultats ont permis, d’une part, d’apporter une meilleure interprétation aux données obtenues par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS), et d’autre part, d’ interpréter le comportement de fusion multiple caractéristique des polymères semi-cristallin à chaînes semi-rigides par le seul processus de fusion-recristallisation. Dans l’étude investiguée sur les mélanges PET/PEI et sur le PTT pur, on montre que la cinétique d’un tel processus est particulièrement rapide comparée à la cristallisation. De plus, les observations par AFM et par microscopie optique de même que les mesures SAXS en temps réel ont montré la simultanéité et la compétition existant entre la fusion des cristaux et leur réorganisation durant la chauffe. Par ailleurs, la relaxation des régions amorphes interlamellaires, souvent considérées comme rigides, a pu être mise en évidence par les mesures AFM et SAXS réalisées à haute température sur des échantillons de PET/PEI semi-cristallins.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bahri, Mounib. "Caractérisation structurale des hétérostructures à base de GaSb et de GaP épitaxiées sur silicium (001)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS045/document.
Full textMonolithique integration of III-V compound semiconductors on silicon makes possible the large scale integration of compound semiconductors for optical and electronic devices. However, the growth of III-V semiconductors on silicon generate several defects (threading dislocations, twins and antiphase boundaries). In this PhD thesis, we studied structural properties of GaSb-based and GaP-based hetero-structures grown on silicon using X-Ray diffraction and Transmission Electon Microscopy. Threading dislocations are the major defects in the growth of GaSb on Si because of the high lattice mismatch between the two materials(12.2%). Other defects like twins are presents on the growth of GaSb on Si. Twins are related to the crystalline quality of surface substrate (contaminants and roughness). We developed a cleaning process of surfaces which shows a high efficiency on twins density reduction. We reduced the high defects density using super-lattices . The super-lattices act not only as a dislocations filter but also help antiphase domains closure. The efficiency of super-lattices depends on its nature (thickness and strain) and its position on the structure. With our dislocations geometrical recombination model, we bring out the global interaction between dislocations and we define essential interaction parameters between dislocations. For the growth of GaP on Si, We have shown that the initial coverage of gallium on the substrate in the early stages of growth has a major effect on the presence of micro-twins, but also on the size and density of the antiphase domains. Due to the small lattice mismatch between GaP and Si (0.37%), antiphase boundaries and domains are the major defects on the GaP-based heterostructures. Antiphase domains can be blocked near the interface using specific growth conditions (substrate miscut, growth temperature, strained thin films). We showed with the two heterostructures (GaP-based and GaSb-based) that the suppression of antiphase boundaries decreases semiconductors roughness. We studied the influence of Nitride incorporation on the STEM-HAADF contrast of GaPN films. This inversed contrast (GaPN layers are more brilliant than GaP ) depend on two parameters: the deformation state of GaPN lattice compared to GaP one and the punctual defects related to the Nitride incorporation. Those defects can be Interstitial or anti-site Ga atoms
CHUAH, HOE HIN. "STRUCTURE-PROPERTY STUDIES IN THE DEFORMATION OF SEMI-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS (CHAIN-EXTENDED POLYETHYLENE, NYLON, GEL, IODINE COMPLEX)." 1985. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8517089.
Full textCheng, Mei-Ling, and 程美玲. "Structure and Free Volume Properties of Semi-crystalline Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Membranes by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12787223919352259340.
Full text元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
97
Free volume properties in the amorphous region of a series of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) membranes, which were prepared by cold- and melt-crystallization processes, were investigated using positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy in this study. From the lifetime parameters, the temperature dependence of free volume size, amount, free volume size distribution, and fractional free volume, and the thermal expansion of free volume were discussed. Furthermore, the knee temperature was first observed in the melting process of the crystallized PHBV membranes. It indicated that there was structural transition of polymer chains during melting as the corresponding results observed with in situ FTIR measurement. A model which assumed that amorphous phase was subdivided into mobile and rigid amorphous fractions (MAF and RAF) in the semi-crystalline polymer was considered to interpret the temperature dependence of those free volume properties. The difference of free volume properties among various PHBV membranes was created according to the crystalline structure of the polymer from different thermal history. The polymer crystallized at higher temperatures resulted in higher crystallinities, less free volume amounts and lower fractional free volumes. Based on the crystallization conditions, the effect of the crystallization rate of PHBV polymer was first proposed to explain the thermal expansion coefficients of free volume size. The faster crystallization rate is, the higher thermal expansion coefficient and the larger free volume size at higher measuring temperatures are. Morphological observation of the semi-crystalline polymer by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicated that the cold-crystallized membranes showed a much thinner thickness of the repeating lamellar/amorphous layers and most likely higher amount of RAF, which restrained the chain motion, than the melt-crystallized membranes. Larger dispersion of the free volume size of melt-crystallized membranes was observed as a result of the bimodal distribution of the lamellar periodicity and less amount of RAF than that of the cold-crystallized membranes. In conclusion, the relationship between the crystalline structure and the free volume properties within the amorphous phase of PHBV polymer was well established. Free volume size and thermal expansion of the free volume in PHBV membranes were affected by the kinetic of crystallization; comparatively, the total amount of free volume and fractional free volume were determined by the final crystallinity. The size distribution of free volume was associated with the crystalline lamellar structure which was dominated by the crystallization conditions.
Huang, Chi-Feng, and 黃啟峰. "Material Structure Studies by X-Ray Diffraction Methods: From Single Crystals of Donor-Acceptor Monomer, Semi-Crystalline Copolymer to Single Particle Assembly." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51931421555415566620.
Full text國立交通大學
應用化學系碩博士班
105
The thesis consists of two major parts: the first deals with the structure of semi-crystalline donor (D) - acceptor (A) conjugated copolymer (PTh4FBT) by X-ray 2D-fiber diffraction and the second deals with X-ray coherent diffraction imaging (XCDI) of single particle assembly (liposome) using X-ray free electron laser. In order to develop the sense for structure model building, first more than 40 crystal lattices of conjugated oligomers to identify the morphological influence of each building block on the D-A molecules are summarized. These lattice structures reveal not only the packing preferences of the conjugated oligomers but also the conformational disorder in the lattices. The presence of this disorder in slowly grown crystals implies that attaining total long-range conformational order is challenging for D-A oligomers, which are structurally complicated and readily distorted. The single crystal structure of Th2FBT confirms the low conformational preference of the FBT containing molecule. Since crystallization process does not assist to unify the conformation of Th2FBT, both intrachain conformation and interchain c-shifts in the crystalline state of PTh4FBT have to be scrutinized. Through comparing the X-ray 2D-fiber diffraction pattern of PTh4FBT, and the simulated patterns generated from Cerius2 molecular modeling, it was found that the diffration pattern generated from the lattice containing PTh4FBT with anti-conformation and limited interchain c-shift matches best with the experimental one. In the XCDI experiments, individual liposome particles in water, with or without inserted doxorubicin nanorods were studied at SACLA. In spite of the low X-ray scattering cross section, the diffracted intensity of blank (drug-free) liposomes was sufficient for spatial reconstruction to yield quantitative structural information. When the particles contained doxorubicin, the complex structural parameters of the nanorods can be clearly revealed. Finally, the simulation of single molecule DNA is performed. We show that the current photon flux at SACLA needs to be increased by 108 time in order to reach atomic resolution of the XCDI image.