Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Semi-Conducteur moléculaire'
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Auvray, Stéphane. "Transistors à base de nanotubes de carbone réalisés par auto-assemblage et leur optimisation chimique." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112011.
Full textIn this thesis, we present a method of selective placement of carbon nanotubes and its use for the fabrication of nanotube transistors (CNTFETs) based on self-assembled individual tubes. We demonstrate the key role of the nanotube-substrate and nanotube-electrode interfaces on the device action and we propose an efficient way of optimizing their performances. The positioning technique relies on the functionalization of silica surfaces by an aminosilane. It gives a specific and local reactivity to the substrate which allows for the selective adsorption of nanotubes dispersed in solution. This approach brings a pertinent solution to the problem of systematic connection of adsorbed nanotubes in a transistor: geometry. We show that the performances of these CNTFETs compare favourably with those of nanotube transistors made from random dispersions of tubes. In both cases, performances are limited by the Schottky barrier at the nanotube/metal interface. We also show that we can take advantage of this self-assembly technique to perform a chemical optimization of the CNTFETs. Indeed, the aminosilane monolayer brings a new interface that can be modified either to improve carrier injection into the nanotube or to change the doping level of the tube. The Schottky barrier height at the nanotube/metal interface can be improved in a continuous fashion down to an almost ohmic contact through the use of polar molecules. The density of charges in the nanotube can also be adjusted using either acid or basic compounds which lead to the protonation or deprotonation of the aminosilane layer. The significant modulation of the transport properties of CNTFETs in the presence of very low amounts of molecules shows the high potential of these devices for use as chemical sensors
Ismaili, Jihane. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères pour l’élaboration d’un papier semi-conducteur." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0097/document.
Full textThe use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices offers interesting prospects. Indeed, they make it possible to lighten the weight of these devices in addition to greatly reducing the cost of their manufacture. However, one of the main problems associated with these organic semiconductors is their manufacturing process, which requires toxic organic solvents and multiple synthesis steps. In this work, a new environmentally friendly synthesis process has been developed. A single step was necessary for the preparation of the semiconductors, using the polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde.This reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol, a green solvent and without the use of catalysts, thus minimizing energy consumption and using a reaction medium from a renewable and low-toxicity source. After their doping, these polymers exhibited conduction properties comparable to those observed for conventional organic semiconductors.The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of the use of paper as a support for organic electronics devices; hus avoiding the use of generally non-biodegradable and/or non-renewable substrates (plastic or glass). Two strategies have been used to this end. The first consisted of a direct deposit of the semiconducting polymers to the surface of cellulose filaments.The second is based on the creation of a covalent bond between the semiconductors and the Kraft pulp, using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc)
Deman, Anne-Laure. "Influence du diélectrique de grille et de la structure moléculaire du semi conducteur sur les performances de transistors organiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/aldeman.pdf.
Full textThis work reports on an investigation of the influence of the gate dielectric and the molecular structure of the semiconductor on organic field effect transistors (OFETs) performances. The challenge has been to obtain low voltage, high mobility and stable OFET. Within this context, pentacene based transistors with different gate dielectric materials were realized. We propose a bilayer dielectric, composed by an high-k insulator and a polymeric insulator. This combination give devices working at rather low voltage (15V), while the field effect mobility is improved and the electrical instabilities generated by the high-k dielectric are minimized. In a second part, we have realized transistors, with different oligothiophenes derivatives as active layer and studied the impact of the molecular structure on devices. The addition of hexyls chains and benzothiophene and naphthothiophene groups improves the charge transport. The respective influence of these incorporations are investigated
Verdier, Maxime. "Effet de l’orientation et de l’état des surfaces/interfaces sur les propriétés thermiques des semi-conducteurs nano-structurés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0138/document.
Full textThis study deals with heat transport in crystalline nanostructured silicon and the impact of amorphization. The thermal conductivity of various nanostructures is computed with two numerical methods: Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo resolution of the Boltzmann transport equation. First, materials with spherical nanopores are investigated and the importance of the surface density is highlighted. Then, nanofilms with periodic cylindrical pores, often called phononic crystals, are studied. The density of states computed with Molecular Dynamics does not show major modifications of the heat carriers (phonons) properties. However, results show that the surfaces orientation, the pore distribution and the existence of native oxide or amorphous layers may have an important impact on the thermal conductivity. Then, heat transport in nanowires is studied, in particular the radial evolution of the thermal conductivity. The latter one is maximum at the center of the nanowire and decreases when approaching the nanowire surface. Structures made from interconnected nanowires, called nanowire networks, are also studied; they have an extremely low thermal conductivity. Finally, the impact of the roughness and amorphization of the surfaces on thermal transport is analyzed for different types of nanostructures. The two latter phenomena contribute strongly to the reduction of the thermal conductivity, which can reach very low values while keeping an important crystalline fraction.It opens new perspectives for the control of this property with material designing
Verdier, Maxime. "Effet de l’orientation et de l’état des surfaces/interfaces sur les propriétés thermiques des semi-conducteurs nano-structurés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0138.
Full textThis study deals with heat transport in crystalline nanostructured silicon and the impact of amorphization. The thermal conductivity of various nanostructures is computed with two numerical methods: Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo resolution of the Boltzmann transport equation. First, materials with spherical nanopores are investigated and the importance of the surface density is highlighted. Then, nanofilms with periodic cylindrical pores, often called phononic crystals, are studied. The density of states computed with Molecular Dynamics does not show major modifications of the heat carriers (phonons) properties. However, results show that the surfaces orientation, the pore distribution and the existence of native oxide or amorphous layers may have an important impact on the thermal conductivity. Then, heat transport in nanowires is studied, in particular the radial evolution of the thermal conductivity. The latter one is maximum at the center of the nanowire and decreases when approaching the nanowire surface. Structures made from interconnected nanowires, called nanowire networks, are also studied; they have an extremely low thermal conductivity. Finally, the impact of the roughness and amorphization of the surfaces on thermal transport is analyzed for different types of nanostructures. The two latter phenomena contribute strongly to the reduction of the thermal conductivity, which can reach very low values while keeping an important crystalline fraction.It opens new perspectives for the control of this property with material designing
Abed, El Nabi Firas. "Effets de taille sur la transition fragile-ductile dans les nanopiliers de silicium : étude par simulation numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2253/document.
Full textFor technological interest, the understanding of the deformation mechanisms at the nano-scale is essential in order to prevent stress relaxation mechanisms that could lead to defects formation and/or to catastrophic failure. Furthermore, recent experimental findings showed in semiconductor nano-objects, a size dependent brittle to ductile transition: they are ductile below a few hundreds of nanometers, brittle above that scale. To investigate this behavior, we have used molecular dynamics as a tool to simulate deformation tests of nanowires and we have used silicon as a prototypical semiconductor material. First we analyzed a number of measurable quantities such as the elasticity coefficients and the elasticity limit with respect to various parameters and we found that the elasticity limit decreases when the length of the nanowire increases. An analysis of the atomic structure of the deformed systems allowed us to decompose the overall mechanical behavior of the nanowires into elementary mechanisms; we thus showed that the nucleation of a first dislocation was systematically at the origin of ductility and brittleness. After the initial dislocation nucleation, the competition between further dislocation nucleation events and cavities opening, determine the overall mechanical behavior of the nanowire. Finally, we tried to estimate quantitatively the degree of ductility and brittleness of the nanowires by analyzing the amount of energy released by those two elementary mechanisms during the plastic regime and we rationalized the role of the size of the deformed systems on the brittle to ductile transition
Ganesh, Moorthy Sujithkumar. "Study of unipolar and ambipolar phthalocyanine- and porphyrin-based heterojunction devices through external triggers and gas sensing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK035.
Full textOrganic semiconductor-based devices are attracting a wide range of researchers due to their unique electrical properties. In today’s advanced world, there is a high demand for miniature devices, particularly those performing multiple functions. This need has brought special attention to ambipolar devices. In this thesis, we aim to utilize materials possessing nearly equal densities of mobile charge carriers in molecular materials to create bipolar (both p- and n-type) devices known as ambipolar devices. This type of device that exhibits ambipolar behaviour has the potential to replace two different types of devices (p- and n-type) with a single ambipolar device, eventually reducing the size of the electrical system. Such ambipolar devices hold promise for various applications in nanotechnology, including deployment in spacecraft, satellites, and everyday electrical appliances where minimizing weight and size is crucial.The study of organic heterojunction devices under different oxidizing (NO2 and O3) and reducing (NH3) gases provides insight into the charge transport properties in these devices. Initially, we explored the potential of silicon phthalocyanines (Cl2-SiPc and (345F)2-SiPc) in a bilayer organic heterojunction device by combining them with a highly conducting molecular material (LuPc2) and investigated their NH3 sensing properties to understand the interaction between gas molecules and the sensing layer. With this basic knowledge, we further explored two original π-extended conjugated porphyrin complexes in bilayer heterojunction devices and their response to ammonia under both dark and UV light conditions. For the first time, we demonstrated an amplification in the sensing properties of an organic heterojunction device under UV light illumination.By changing the metal centre in octafluoro-metallophthalocyanine complexes, we achieved ambipolar charge transport regimes in organic heterojunction devices. Inversion in the nature of the majority charge carriers within the device was achieved by utilizing external triggers like humidity and temperature, as well as the nature of gas species. The CoF8Pc-based device changed its polarity depending on the nature of the gas species, while the inversion in the nature of majority charge carriers in the VOF8Pc-based device was achieved by varying humidity levels and temperature. These devices exhibit bistability under different experimental conditions. However, achieving precise control over the inversion of majority charge carriers, which determines the device's polarity, requires a suitable and controllable external trigger, and it may depend on the molecular composition and the architecture of the device. It is crucial to conduct comprehensive investigations into environmental effects such as humidity and temperature variations when working with ambipolar devices.Finally, we also studied the influence of the top layer on the polarity of bilayer heterojunction devices. For the first time, we report the pioneering demonstration of polarity inversion within a heterojunction device, by strategically manipulating the meso-substituent of the 5,15-diaryl Ni(II) porphyrin conjugated polymer in the top layer of the devices that contain an ambipolar molecule (CuF8Pc) as sublayer. Globally, in this project, we focused on understanding and developing unipolar and ambipolar organic heterojunction devices based on molecular materials like phthalocyanines and porphyrins through external triggers and gas sensing
Carbonell, Laure. "Croissance et propriétés de structures hybrides métal ferromagnétique/semi-conducteur à base de ZnSe." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066065.
Full textNaji, Khalid. "Croissance de NFs d'InP sur silicium par épitaxie par jets moléculaires en mode VLS." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568900.
Full textMohamad, Ranim. "Relaxation de la contrainte dans les hétérostructures Al(Ga)InN/GaN pour applications électroniques : modélisation des propriétés physiques et rôle de l'indium dans la dégradation des couches épitaxiales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC229/document.
Full textFor the fabrication of nitride-based power microwave transistors, the InAlN alloy is considered to be a better barrier than AlGaN thanks to the lattice match with GaN for an indium composition around 18%. Thus the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is generated only by the spontaneous polarization at the AlInN/GaN heterointerface for a production of highest performance transistors. However, during its growth on GaN, its crystalline quality deteriorates with the thickness and V-defects are formed at the layer surface. To determine the sources of this behavior, we carried out a theoretical study by molecular dynamics and ab initio techniques to analyze the stability and the properties of alloys of nitride compounds, focusing particularly on InAlN. The analysis of the phase diagrams showed that this alloy has a wide zone of instability versus the indium composition and a different behavior with InGaN with amplified instability under high compressive strain. By determining the energetic stability of the nitrogen vacancy could be catalyst for forming clusters in this alloy. These InN clusters introduce deep donor levels inside the band gap. With regard to treading dislocations, our results show that they will also tend to capture indium atoms in their cores in order to minimize their energy. Thus, we have been able to provide a theoretical basis that show that the nitrogen vacancy participates in the spontaneous degradation of the AlInN layers and that the threading dislocations participate by attracting the indium atoms and thus reinforcing the separation of phase in their vicinity
Provost, David. "Synthèse d’architectures moléculaires pour la photoaccumulation de charges et la production photoinduite de dihydrogène : développement d’une nouvelle méthode de stabilisation des systèmes moléculaires à la surface d’un semi-conducteur pour l’amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4095.
Full textThe aim of this thesis concerns the development of new photomolecular systems to convert solar energy into chemical and electrical energy. The first two chapters involve the synthesis of new molecular materials to mimic the charge photoaccumulation function of oxygenic photosynthesis. Our strategy consists in the synthesis of a star-shaped molecular architecture, composed of several molecular antenna (photosensitizers) covalently bound to an organic electron acceptor, which is able to host two negative charges upon illumination. To this acceptor has been substituted a proton reduction catalyst in order to generate a hydrogen production under a light irradiation, as the oxygen-evolving complex in the natural photosynthetic. The last two chapters describe the development of a stabilization approach of molecular systems at a semiconductor surface, in the context of the conception of dye-sensitized solar cells. In order to improve their performances, this work has consisted in the synthesis of functionalized dyes which were subjected to a reticulation process after chemisorption onto a semiconductor, providing new perspectives in terms of interface stability and solar cells lifetime
Jeux, Victorien. "Systèmes conjugués moléculaires à base de Triarylamines et d'analogues thiophéniques du Spirobi(fluorène) : de la synthèse aux matériaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010088.
Full textAubel, Dominique. "Apport des techniques de photoémission à la connaissance des hétérostructures Ge/Si(001), Si/Ge(001), Si1-xGex/Si(001) et Si1-xGex/Ge(001)." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0412.
Full textAballéa, Ludovic. "Développement d'un spectromètre térahertz par différence de fréquences : application à des molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10020.
Full textThis thesis reports on the construction of a new experimental set up for Terahertz spectroscopy based on the generation of the frequency difference of two near infrared laser diodes at 820nm on a GaAs substrate device. The first chapter describes the renewal of the interest for T-rays. The second chapter treats the FIR generation by frequency difference on the GaAs semiconductor device and its uses for spectroscopy. The broad tunability of this Far Infrared radiation obtained by double-pass acousto-optic modulators setup is also seen. The third chapter discusses about stabilisation of infrared sources by the Pound-Drever-Hall method using a high finesse cavity to generate a high spectral purity of the FIR emission. Finally, the spectrometer is characterised by measurements of the rotationnal spectrum of methyl-chloride and used in a primary study of the broadening parameter of water lines by N2, O2 and air
Provencher, Françoise. "Influence de la structure moléculaire sur la structure cristalline et électronique de molécules organiques conjuguées : une étude spectroscopique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8053.
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