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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Semi-arid environments

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Academic literature on the topic 'Semi-arid environments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

1

Yang, Xiaoping, and Martin Williams. "Landforms and processes in arid and semi-arid environments." CATENA 134 (November 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.011.

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Hadas, A. "Arid and semi-arid environments: Geomorphological and pedological aspects." Soil and Tillage Research 22, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(92)90033-8.

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Meerow, Sara, Mukunth Natarajan, and David Krantz. "Green infrastructure performance in arid and semi-arid urban environments." Urban Water Journal 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2021.1877741.

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Enciso, Juan, Jose C. Chavez, Girisha Ganjegunte, and Samuel D. Zapata. "Energy Sorghum Production under Arid and Semi-Arid Environments of Texas." Water 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071344.

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Water availability and supply are critical factors in the production of bioenergy. Dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of two biomass sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two different climatic locations during 2014 and 2015. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency of two energy sorghum cultivars grown in two different climatic environments: one at Pecos located in the Chihuahuan Desert and a second one located at Weslaco in the Lower Rio Grande bordering Mexico and with a semiarid environment. There were significant differences between locations in dry biomass and WUE. Dry biomass productivity ranged from 22.4 to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Weslaco, while in Pecos it ranged from 7.4 to 17.6 Mg ha−1. Even though it was possible to produce energy sorghum biomass in an arid environment with saline-sodic soils and saline irrigation, the energy sorghum dry biomass yield was reduced more than 50% in the arid environment compared to production in a semiarid environment with good soil and water quality, and it required approximately twice as much water. Harsh production conditions combined with low energy prices resulted in negative net returns for all treatments. However, a moderate increase in ethanol price could make the semiarid cropland of Texas an economically feasible feedstock production location.

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Urbano, L. D., M. Person, and J. Hanor. "Groundwater–lake interactions in semi-arid environments." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70 (June 2000): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(00)00079-0.

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Garcea, Elena A. A. "Semi-permanent foragers in semi-arid environments of North Africa." World Archaeology 38, no. 2 (June 2006): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438240600693968.

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Sprent, Janet I., and Hukam S. Gehlot. "Nodulated legumes in arid and semi-arid environments: are they important?" Plant Ecology & Diversity 3, no. 3 (December 2010): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2010.538740.

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Montanaro, G., B. Dichio, G. Celano, and C. Xiloyannis. "SUSTAINABLE KIWIFRUIT ORCHARD MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 753 (October 2007): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.753.78.

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Kenny, R. "Hydrogeomorphic flood hazard evaluation for semi-arid environments." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 23, no. 4 (November 1990): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1990.023.04.07.

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Patrick, C., C. Kechavarzi, I. T. James, M. O'Dogherty, and R. J. Godwin. "Developing reservoir tillage technology for semi-arid environments." Soil Use and Management 23, no. 2 (June 2007): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00069.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

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Patrick, Cecil. "Reservoir tillage for semi-arid environments." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426071.

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Hutton, Christopher Joseph. "Modelling watershed processes in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529295.

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Torofder, Golam. "Manipulating wheat yield in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394451.

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Findings from a number of recent glasshouse studies are reported and their relevance to wheat production practices in Bangladesh is discussed. It was found that application of large amounts of urea gave highest grain yield when the total amount of urea was added immediately after irrigation following germination. The same amount of urea applied before irrigation or in smaller doses throughout the growing season gave lower yield and resulted in higher post-harvest concentrations of soil nitrate. Reducing the total urea application to one quarter of the typical maximum reported value, did not cause a reduction in yield and this could be achieved with only one occasion of irrigation (as opposed to two) following germination. The findings confirm the recommended dosage of urea (typically 250 kg urea ha^-1) and indicate the importance of applying urea after irrigation to maximise yield and minimise post-harvest soil nitrate concentrations. Adding a nitrate fertiliser as opposed to the same amount of urea-N did not result in a significant yield increase. The results indicate that application of urea-N following irrigation results in a rapid availability of soil N for plant uptake. Where severe soil drying occurs in the upper rooting zone, grain field was drastically reduced. This occurred even where longer roots had access to non-limiting amounts of water and nutrients. It was found that roots in the drying soil produced the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and that this had a likely causal significance in decreasing yield. ABA was also produced in plants with ammonium- as opposed to nitrate nutrition and this was also associated with reduced yield. It was concluded that breeding for deep rooting alone would be insufficient to attain high yield if the upper part of root system was exposed to severe soil water deficit. Breeding of deep rooting in combination with a decreased sensitivity of stomatal closure to ABA, is an attractive possibility for plant and yield improvement for semi-arid zones. In the interim, current measures of tillage and mulching that enhance the water content of the upper rooting zone should be encouraged. Such measures are likely to counter the potential ABA-induced inhibition of yield associated with partial root dehydration and incomplete nitrification of soil ammonium.

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Van, der Meer Frans-Bauke Willem. "Modelling tropical soil water regimes in semi-arid environments." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27070.

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Soil moisture available to crops is among the main constraints on crop production by smallholder farmers in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Other restrictions, such as limited use of fertilisers and herbicides, stem primarily from socio-economic rather than biophysical constraints. To improve smallholder farming, it is essential to promote soil and water conservation practices (SWC) that consider farmers' management constraints, such as limited availability of labour and Draught Animal Power (DAP).

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Mitchell, John Talmadge. "A Framework for Development in Rural Arid and Semi-Arid Environments in Africa: The Somalia Case." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98224.

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This study proposes a framework and a process promoting creation of sustainable jobs and businesses in rural, arid and semi-arid agricultural conflict zones of Sub Saharan Africa, focusing on Somalia's societal stabilization and conflict mitigation. This task requires developing risk-reducing measures for infrastructure and service delivery in rural, post-conflict zones. Literature reviews identified two economic growth theories rooted in sustainability concepts for localized, pro-poor development. Ecological Economics Theory (EET) and Endogenous Growth Theory (EGT) are the philosophical bases establishing investment priorities. Additional research regarding Somali culture, key conflict factors, and potential business opportunities, provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's on-going, 27-years of war and potential culturally acceptable development pathways. Informal sources, Somali and non-Somali, were consulted to further identify and verify potential avenues for economic growth, sustainability, educational opportunities, allowing Somalia to emerge from the strife it has endured. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, its products and related requirements, are key components for economic growth and job creation. Investigation, via pilot testing and case studies, was undertaken of technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains. Initial framework elements were evaluated for job and business creation, through unstructured, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire of Somali officials, and Somali and non-Somali conflict zone development practitioners. The pilot test used a small sample size and is a limitation of this work. Findings from the literature review, informal discussions, and the pilot test are synthesized into the framework presented in Chapter 5. The framework proposes development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the simultaneous implementation of renewable energy production. It targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industry of Somalia, improving job and business opportunities. The model proposes modification of used shipping containers for the creation of modular elements, to satisfying infrastructural building components to initiate skills practice, job, and business growth.
Doctor of Philosophy
The wars and conflicts of various types in Africa have made the continent poorer and prevented development in many countries. One of the major, and seemingly intractable conflict locations, is Somalia located in the East Horn of Africa (EHA). This research provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's 27 years of war by examining culture and key conflict factors. The objective of this assessment is to identify potential culturally acceptable pathways that will lead to business opportunities and development as a means of conflict mitigation. The improvement of job opportunities for youth is viewed as a means to offset the current participation in the ongoing conflict. Somali and non-Somali sources were consulted to identify and verify avenues for economic growth, sustainability, and educational opportunities. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, and related products, are key components for development and job creation. Technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains were also evaluated. Findings from informal discussions and a pilot test of a proposed framework are presented. The framework identifies elements for development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the implementation of renewable energy production. In addition, it targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industries, improving job and business opportunities.

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Meerkerk, André. "Rainfed orchards in semi-arid environments : retaining the water and the soil." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-08282008-005955/.

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The spatial distribution and properties of rainfed orchards in semi-arid environments result from complex interactions between man and the physical and economical environment. This thesis investigates a number of these interactions in the context of the mechanisation of management practices since the 1950's. It is shown how the practice of clean sweeping (i.e. frequent shallow tillage) influences the orchard water balance and how the removal of traditional soil and water conservation structures affects the connectivity of overland flow to the river system. Although clean sweeping prevents transpiration and competition by weeds, it also constrains the root growth in the plough layer, so that the trees cannot access the water from small rain events. In addition, clean sweeping promotes accelerated soil erosion. It appears that the practice of clean sweeping limits the water availability in orchards on loamy soils with an annual rainfall in the order of 300 mm. It is demonstrated that the presence and properties of rainfed orchards are related to spatial patterns of soil characteristics and climate. The observed decline in conservation structures like terraces and check-dams leads to an increase in the connectivity of water and sediment to the river system. An alternative for these traditional techniques to retain the water and the soil is the application of cover crops. The advantage of cover crops is that they do not limit the field size. A drawback in dry areas is the competition for water and nutrients between the cover crop and the trees. Field evidence and water balance simulations suggest that cover crops are feasible in areas with an annual precipitation of 500 mm or more.

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Puttock, Alan Keith. "Vegetation change and water, sediment and carbon dynamics in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13541.

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This study develops understanding of vegetation change and water, sediment and carbon dynamics in semi-arid environments. Objectives were addressed using an integrated ecohydrological and biogeochemical approach. Fieldwork, over two contrasting grass-woody transitions at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA; quantified vegetation structure, soil structure and the spatial distribution of soil carbon resources. Over both transitions; woody sites showed a lower percentage vegetation cover and a greater heterogeneity in vegetation pattern, soil properties and soil carbon. Soil organic carbon differed in both quantity and source across the sites; with levels higher under vegetation, particularly at the woody sites. Biogeochemical analysis revealed soil organic carbon to be predominantly sourced from grass at the grassland sites. In contrast, at the woody sites soil organic carbon under vegetation patches was predominantly sourced from woody vegetation, whilst inter-patch areas exhibited a strong grass signature. Investigation of function focussed on the hydrological response to intense rainfall events. Rainfall-runoff monitoring showed woody sites to exhibit greater; runoff coefficients, event discharge, eroded sediment and event carbon yields. In contrast to grass sites, biogeochemical analysis showed the loss of organic carbon from woody sites to exhibit a mixed source signal, reflecting the loss of carbon originating from both patch and interpatch areas. To examine the linkages between vegetation structure and hydrological function, a flow length metric was developed to quantify hydrological connectivity; with woody sites shown to have longer mean flow pathways. Furthermore, in addition to rainfall event characteristics, flow pathway lengths were shown to be a significant variable for explaining the variance within fluxes of water, sediment and carbon. Results demonstrating increased event fluxes of sediment and carbon from woody sites have important implications for the quality of semi-arid landscapes and other degrading ecosystems globally. It is thus necessary to translate the understanding of carbon dynamics developed within this study to the landscape scale, so changing fluvial carbon fluxes can be incorporated into carbon budgets, research frameworks and land management strategies at policy-relevant scales.

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Hamilton, Jeffrey Muir. "Arugula Crop Production in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Nutritional Value, Postharvest Quality, and Sustainability in Controlled Environments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195968.

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Plant responses to abiotic stress are neither singular nor linear. The research represented within this dissertation was intended to evaluate selected biochemical and physiological responses in two Arugulas (Images 1-5), to agronomic interventions designed to mitigate extreme environmental abiotic factors, characteristic of arid agricultural production regions. Plant stress responses were investigated under field conditions and within controlled environments (CE), during the course of a preliminary trial and three independent studies, all four directly related. The preliminary trial evaluated harvest and postharvest nutritional content (i.e., antioxidants) of two Arugulas, Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC cv. Sylvetta; grown under field conditions in the semi-arid upper Sonoran Desert. In this trial, we defined baseline harvest and postharvest antioxidant values for the Arugulas, cultivated in a semi-arid environment. The initial study, conducted within a CE utilizing a water recycling system, evaluated changes in the nutritional value of three specialty leafy cruciferous vegetables: D. tenuifolia, E. sativa and Lepidium sativum; when subjected to increasing salinity levels in the nutrient solution. It was concluded that, when specific Crucifers are irrigated with moderately high levels of salinity, neither harvest nor postharvest nutritional values are compromised. The second study, investigated the response of a suite of plant physiological parameters (e.g., yield and photosynthetic rate) in the three Crucifers to salinity, within the CE. This research provided guideline salinity values where yields did not decline, and encourages growers to consider water resources compromised by salinity and nutrient solution recycling. During the third study, the influence of environmental conditions on the nutritional content in leafy vegetables, prevalent immediately before harvest, was investigated; by subjecting plants to reduced sunlight treatments and early irrigation termination. We observed that, modulating light intensity late in the season, and early irrigation termination strategies, modify the nutritional content of leafy vegetables; and potentially the subsequent postharvest shelf life. Collectively evaluated, this research suggests that simple agronomic interventions are valuable, yet practicable, tools that can enhance the nutritional content of specialty vegetables, in arid regions: be that intervention an imposed controlled-stress, utilizing nutrient recycling systems within a CE, or basic light-reduction and irrigation termination strategies within conventional fields systems.

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Bradley, Richard G. "Modelling the growth and water use of tropical cereals in semi-arid environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319604.

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Skirvin, Susan. "Vegetation distributions in semi-arid environments: Spatial analysis for climate and landscape characterization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280033.

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Spatially explicit knowledge of land cover is increasingly important for environmental modeling and decision support for land managers. Such knowledge is often provided over large regions by thematic maps produced from remotely sensed satellite data. Remote sensing of vegetation in semi-arid areas is complicated, however, by high levels of landscape spatial heterogeneity, resulting in large part from spatially varying soils, topography, and microclimates. Increased understanding of spatial distributions of vegetation and the factors affecting them will enhance our ability to inventory and monitor natural resources, and to model potential consequences of land management alternatives and larger issues such as global climate change. In addition, the uncertainty in spatial knowledge must be made spatially explicit in order to determine where more information is needed and where predictions maybe less reliable. Geostatistical kriging and multiple linear regression interpolation were used to map climate spatial distributions over the San Pedro River watershed, southeastern Arizona. Both methods used climate station location and elevation and climate data. Although mean interpolation errors were similar, kriging climate with elevation as external drift was preferred due to the patterns of spatial bias in regression errors. Interpolation results provided a step toward understanding climate influence on vegetation in this area. Accuracies of four land cover maps covering the upper San Pedro watershed, mapped from remotely sensed data, were determined using aerial photography, digital orthophoto quadrangles, and airborne video data reference data sets as alternatives to contemporaneous ground-collected data. Overall map accuracies were 67--75%; class accuracies varied more for smaller classes than for larger ones. Finally, the uncertainty of occurrence of the low-accuracy Mesquite Woodland class was mapped using simple indicator kriging with locally varying means and data derived from accuracy assessment information. Enhanced class discrimination in an independent validation data set confirmed the utility of this procedure. The results of these analyses can provide direct input for use in environmental modeling and can inform land management decision making, and the methods can be employed in other settings where spatial variability and uncertainty play large roles in the landscape.

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Books on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

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Semi-arid environments: Agriculture, water supply, and vegetation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Jodha, N. S. Sustainable development in fragile environments: An operational framework for arid, semi-arid, and mountain areas. Ahmedabad: Centre for Environment Education, 1995.

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Midgley, Stephanie. Adaptation to climate change in semi-arid environments: Experience and lessons from Mozambique. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012.

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International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Cool-season Pasture, Forage, and Food Legumes for Semi-arid Temperate Environments (1987 Aleppo, Syria). Legume genetic resources for semi-arid temperate environments: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Cool-season Pasture, Forage, and Food Legumes for Semi-Arid Temperate Environments, Cairo, Egypt, 19-2r June 1987. Edited by Smith Alan, Robertson Larry, United Nations Development Programme, and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, 1991.

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International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Cool-season Pasture, Forage, and Food Legumes for Semi-arid Temperate Environments (1987 Cairo, Egypt). Legume genetic resources for semi-arid temperate environments: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Cool-season Pasture, Forage, and Food Legumes for Semi-arid Temperate Environments, Cairo, Egypt, 19-24 June 1987. Edited by Smith Alan, Robertson L. D, United Nations Development Programme, and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Aleppo, Syria: ICARDA, 1991.

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International, Workshop on Genetic Resources of Cool-season Pasture Forage and Food Legumes for Semi-arid Temperate Environments (1987 Cairo Egypt). Legume genetic resources for semi-arid temperate environments: Proceedings of an International Workshop ... 19-24 June 1987. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, 1991.

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Workshop on Erosion, Transport & Deposition Processes, IGU, Commission Measurement, Theory & Application in Geomorphology (1987 Jerusalem, Israel). Arid and semi-arid environments: Geomorphological and pedological aspects : selected papers of the Workshop on Erosion, Transport & Deposition Processes, IGU, Commission Measurement, Theory & Application in Geomorphology, Jerusalem, Sede Boqer, Elat, March 29-April 4, 1987. Edited by Yair Aaron and Berkowicz Simon M. Cremlingen-Destedt: Catena, 1989.

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Mung'ong'o, C. G. The relationship between core and expansion areas in stressed environments: A study of socioecological interdependencies in a semi-arid area in central Tanzania. [Dar es Salaam]: Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, 1993.

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Pandey, Rajendra Prasad. Drought characterization in arid and semi arid climatic regions of India. Roorkee: National Institute of Hydrology, 2000.

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W, Mays Larry, ed. Integrated urban water management : arid and semi-arid (asa) regions. Leiden, Netherlands: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

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Wickens, Gerald E. "Arid and Semi-arid Environments of the World." In Ecophysiology of Economic Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, 5–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03700-3_2.

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Grunert, Jörg, and Frank Lehmkuhl. "Aeolian sedimentation in arid and semi-arid environments of Western Mongolia." In Paleoecology of Quaternary Drylands, 195–218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44930-0_11.

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Reddy, V. Ratna, Y. V. Malla Reddy, and M. Srinivasa Reddy. "Mitigating Climate/Drought Risks: Role of Groundwater Collectivization in Arid/Semi-Arid Conditions." In Climate-Drought Resilience in Extreme Environments, 127–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45889-8_5.

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Pickard, John. "Land management in semi-arid environments of New South Wales." In Vegetation and climate interactions in semi-arid regions, 191–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3264-0_15.

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Serba, Desalegn D., Rattan S. Yadav, Rajeev K. Varshney, S. K. Gupta, Govindaraj Mahalingam, Rakesh K. Srivastava, Rajeev Gupta, Ramasamy Perumal, and Tesfaye T. Tesso. "Genomic Designing of Pearl Millet: A Resilient Crop for Arid and Semi-arid Environments." In Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops, 221–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93381-8_6.

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Steinbach, J. "Sheep and Goats: Their Relative Potential for Milk and Meat Production in Semi-Arid Environments." In Increasing Small Ruminant Productivity in Semi-arid Areas, 123–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1317-2_9.

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Beck, Anthony R., and Graham Philip. "The Archaeological Exploitation of Declassified Satellite Photography in Semi-arid Environments." In Archaeology from Historical Aerial and Satellite Archives, 261–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4505-0_15.

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Valezio, Éverton Vinícius, Kleber Carvalho Lima, and Archimedes Perez Filho. "Geomorphological Evolution of River Forms in Humid and Semi-arid Tropical Environments." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 83–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05178-4_5.

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Afrasinei, Gabriela Mihaela, Maria Teresa Melis, Cristina Buttau, Claudio Arras, Amar Zerrim, Messaoud Guied, Mohamed Ouessar, et al. "Classification Methods for Detecting and Evaluating Changes in Desertification-Related Features in Arid and Semi-arid Environments." In Water and Land Security in Drylands, 269–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54021-4_23.

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Elliott, D. E., S. D. Pelham, and D. J. Reuter. "Synchronising diagnosis and correction of nitrogen deficiency in barley grown in semi-arid environments." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 475–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_100.

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Conference papers on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

1

Blarel, Fabien, Frederic Frappart, Eric Mougin, Catherine Ottle, Manuela Grippa, Guillaume Ramillien, and Nina Raoult. "Inversion of Surface Soil Moisture from Radar Altimetry Backscattering in Semi-Arid Environments." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518637.

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Bachmann, Martin, Andreas Mueller, Martin Habermeyer, and Stefan Dech. "An iterative unmixing approach in support of fractional cover estimation in semi-arid environments." In Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Ehlers, Francesco Posa, Hermann J. Kaufmann, Ulrich Michel, and Giacomo De Carolis. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.565132.

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Lin, Meng-Lung, Chien-Min Chu, Cheng-Wu Chen, Yu Cao, Jyh-yi Shih, Yung-Tan Lee, and Lih-Der Ho. "A GIS-based Local Spatial Autocorrelation for Drought Risk Assessment in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments: a Case Study in Ejin Oasis, Western China." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779851.

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Ouma, Yashon O., Tuazako Tjitemisa, Mooketsi Segobye, Kealeboga Moreri, Boipuso Nkwae, Lopang Maphale, and Bagadzi Manisa. "Urban land surface temperature variations with LULC, NDVI and NDBI in semi-arid urban environments: case study of Gaborone City, Botswana (1989–2019)." In Remote Sensing Technologies and Applications in Urban Environments VI, edited by Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Thilo Erbertseder, and Ying Zhang. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2595031.

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Meroni, Michele, Anne Schucknecht, Dominique Fasbender, Felix Rembold, Francesco Fava, Margaux Mauclaire, Deborah Goffner, Luisa M. Di Lucchio, and Ugo Leonardi. "Remote sensing monitoring of land restoration interventions in semi-arid environments using a before-after control-impact statistical design." In 2017 9th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images (MultiTemp). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/multi-temp.2017.8035201.

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Sharma, Chilka, Prasad Thenkabail, and JR Sharma. "Earth Observing Data and Methods for Advancing Water Harvesting Technologies in the Semi-arid Rain-Fed Environments of India." In 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2011.68.

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Budahn, Kelsey E., Ira D. Sasowsky, Thomas J. Quick, Francisco Gutiérrez, Jesús Guerrero, Mario Gisbert, and Hunter J. Campbell. "THE ROLE OF CONDENSATION CORROSION ON SPELEOGENESIS IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION IN THE IBERIAN CHAIN, SPAIN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282974.

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Truong, Katherine T., Michael T. Hren, and Yvette Eley. "CLIMATE, VEGETATION, AND STABLE ISOTOPES OF MODERN AND SEDIMENTARY N-ALKANES IN SEMI-ARID AND GRASSLAND ENVIRONMENTS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INTERIOR." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285315.

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Hogg, J. "Hydroscope-automated analysis of river channels and drainage basins from digital elevation models derived from stereo-SPOT images of semi-arid environments in south east Spain." In IEE Colloquium on Image Processing for Remote Sensing. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960157.

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Rasheed, Rihab, Touria Bounnit, Hareb Al Jabri, and Imen Saadaoui. "Algae-based Biofertilizer for Date Palm Cultivation in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0034.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the main fruit crop found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It naturally adapts to the adverse environments of extreme heat and water scarcity and prevents further desertification in addition to producing fruits with high nutritional value. It is seen in many parts of the world that traditional cultivation practices such as mixed planting and chemical fertilizers have led to low fruit quality resulting in low market values. Long generation time also hinders production of the dates. Tissue culture is therefore considered the most promising solution for rapid large-scale production of trueto- type clonal plants. The plantlets originating from in vitro callus proliferation are transferred from synthetic media to soil. The conventional method of using chemical fertilizers also leads to low plantlet viability with increased environmental and health risk. The current research targets the use of a local microalga, Tetraselmis sp. QUCCCM8, identified as an organic source of nutrients, a substitute for chemical fertilizers to acclimatize cultured date palmlets to soil. Soil was supplemented with different concentrations of algal biomass and plant growth was monitored for 3 months. Soil without any fertilizer and soil amended with 1 g conventional fertilizer were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Supplementation with 0.5 g of algal biomass led to higher plant growth rates, 100% survival rates, high ability of rooting (3.17 ± 0.14 roots), higher number of leaves (2.5 ± 0.25 leaves), largest stem thickness, longer shoot (33.75 ± 1.56 cm), and higher total chlorophyll (159.61 ± 9.6 mg L⁻ ¹) as compared to conventional fertilizer. These stated findings are significantly higher than the control. Furthermore, elemental analysis of the soil showed that supplementation with algal biomass increased the soil total nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus contents essential for plant growth. Finally, the comparison of heavy metals composition between soils amended with conventional fertilizer and algae-based fertilizer highlights the potential use of algae as a safe and efficient biofertilizer post tissue culture mode of plantlet generation. This enhanced the viability of healthy plantlets without affecting the environment, averting usage of chemical fertilizers.

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Reports on the topic "Semi-arid environments"

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Doerr, T. B., and M. C. Landin. Recommended Species for Vegetative Stabilization of Training Lands in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161551.

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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.

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Saint-Jean, R., and V. Singhroy. Hydrogeological Mapping in the Semi-arid Environment of Eastern Jordan Using Airborne Multipolarized Radar Images. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219743.

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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.

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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.

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Gillor, Osnat, Stefan Wuertz, Karen Shapiro, Nirit Bernstein, Woutrina Miller, Patricia Conrad, and Moshe Herzberg. Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613884.bard.

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Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary and tertiary TWW with dechlorinated tap water for irrigation of tomatoes, a typical commercial crop, in Israel, a semi-arid country. Human pathogens including bacteria (Salmonella), protozoa (Cryptosporidiumand Giardia), and viruses (Adenovirus [AV Types A, B, C & 40/41] and Enterovirus [EV71 subtypes]) were monitored in two field trials using a combination of microscopic, cultivation-based, and molecular (qPCR) techniques. Results from the field trials indicate that microbial contamination on the surface of tomatoes did not appear to be associated with the source of irrigated waters; FIB contamination was not statistically different on tomatoes irrigated with TWW as compared to tomatoes irrigated with potable water. In fact, Indicator bacteria testing did not predict the presence of pathogens in any of the matrices tested. High concentrations of FIB were detected in water and on tomato surfaces from all irrigation treatment schemes, while pathogen contamination on tomato surfaces (Cryptosporidiumand Salmonella) was only detected on crops irrigated with TWW. These results suggest that regular monitoring for pathogens should take place to accurately detect presence of harmful microorganisms that could threaten consumer safety. A notable result from our study is that the large numbers of FIB in the water did not appear to lead to FIB accumulation in the soil. With the exception of two samples, E. coli that was present at 10³ to 10⁴ cells/100 mL in the water, was not detected in the soil. Other bacterial targets associated with the enteric environment (e. g., Proteusspp.) as well as protozoal pathogens were detected in the TWW, but not in the soil. These findings suggest that significant microbial transfer to the soil from TWW did not occur in this study. The pattern of FIB contamination on the surfaces of tomatoes was the same for all treatment types, and showed a temporal effect with more contamination detected as the duration of the field trial increased. An important observation revealed that water quality dramatically deteriorated between the time of its release from the wastewater treatment plant and the time it was utilized for irrigation, highlighting the importance of performing water quality testing throughout the growing season at the cultivation site.

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