Academic literature on the topic 'Semenko'

The theoretical significance of formal and logical structure of “personalized history of futurism” is considered within the context of biographical method, as it was the literary milieu of M. Semenko who played specific role in establishment and development of Ukrainian futurism model. The methodology of the study is defined by the following general theoretical principles applied to analyse humanitarian problems: systematization, historicism, and objectivism. The novelty lies in systematization of M. Semenko’s literary milieu as well as in defining the significance of the role that some representatives of futurism played in its history. For the first time in Ukrainian humanities moral and legal approaches within biography factor are employed to analyse M. Semenko’s literary milieu. Conclusions. 1. It is shown that personalization as a constituent of biography method and fundamental principle of culturological analysis enables to reconstruct adequately personal aspect within logics of ‘construction’ the aim and goals of any radically new literary and artistic group and evaluate creative contribution of each member unbiased. 2. It is emphasized that literary men surrounding the founder of Ukrainian futurism M. Semenko came in gradually shaping Ukrainian model of futurism as an integral and original phenomenon in the culture of the 1910s–1930s. 3. Gradually widening the circle of Ukrainian futuristic movement members, this study reveals life and creative work of D. Buzko, V. Polischuk, O. Vlizko and O. Slisarenko.

We use numerical simulations of the reactive Euler equations to analyse the nonlinear stability of steady-state one-dimensional solutions for gaseous detonations in the presence of both momentum and heat losses. Our results point to a possible stabilization mechanism for the low-velocity detonations in such systems. The mechanism stems from the existence of a one-parameter family of solutions found in Semenko et al. (Shock Waves, vol. 26 (2), 2016, pp. 141–160).

This paper is devoted to the analysis of Osip Mandelstam’s poem “No, I will not hide from the great mess.” The poem is well-known yet remains relatively obscure and understudied, the meaning of most of its images is not clear. On the basis of motive analysis, draft versions of the poem (as analyzed by I. M. Semenko), and memoirs, a new interpretation is proposed: the addressee and the antagonist of the poem is Anna Akhmatova. The lyrical hero of the poem rides in a tram in the 1930s and painfully recalls the trips on a carriage with Akhmatova in 1917–1918. This interpretation allows to clarify the semantics of all the elements of the poem: its desperate and “rippling” intonation, the motive of the carriage driver, the motive of the game, the image of the “whore,” the comparison with a sparrow, etc. All of these images have a biographical connotation, related to Mandelstam’s relationship with Akhmatova.

Studying the artistic heritage and creative life in 1917—1919 significantly complements the biographies of many Ukrainian writers and influences the usual perceptions of the Ukrainian literary process overall. Against the backdrop of this period, the proletarian cultural conception no longer seems to be all-inclusive. After all, a great number of ideas, themes, and creative pursuits of 1917—1919 became a prologue to the cultural dialogue of the following years, being at the same time rooted in pre-revolutionary artistic development. For the Soviet political and cultural memory the establishment of Ukrainian statehood in 1917—1919 becomes a traumatic memory for a long time. As the present paper shows, the process over the Union of Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) in 1929—1930 was a perversion of the solemn action in honor of the short-lived triumph of the Directory of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1918, and in general became the quintessence of the political and symbolic delegitimization of the ‘Petliurian’ and ‘Hetmanian’ history. Despite the difficult political situation, 1918 was marked not only by vibrant creative life, but also by the daily attempts to normalize the course of artistic activity in accordance with legal laws and commercial logic. As an example, the author of the paper reconstructs some aspects of the theatrical and literary life of 1918, which were covered on the pages of the Kyiv daily newspaper “Vidrodzhennia” and also such periodicals as “Robitnycha Hazeta”, “Nova Rada”, “Narodna Volia”, etc. The paper focuses on the publications by Yakiv Savchenko, Les Kurbas, Mykhail Semenko and public polemics between representatives of “Molodyi Teatr”, “Teatralna Rada”, and the Military Society “Batkivshchyna”.

Semende ataupun komunitas Semendo adalah sebuah kelompok etnik yang tinggal di daerah pegunungan Sumatra Selatan. Sebuah aspek penting dari kultur kehidupan mereka adalah tunggu tubang. Menurut tradisi, kekayaan keluarga yang terdiri dari rumah keluarga dan lahan pertanian, akan diserahkan kepada anak perempuan tertua dalam setiap generasi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tradisi tunggu tubang sebagai identitas yang unik yang membedakan komunitas Semende dengan komunitas lain. Disamping untuk menjaga keberlangsungan komunitas, tunggu tubang juga sebagai alat legitimasi untuk kontrol kekuasaan gender oleh laki-laki di masyarakat. Tunggu Tubang sebagai alat legitimasi laki-laki terbukti dari penempatan perempuan “atas nama adat” tampaknya memiliki kekuatan. Maka, komunitas Semende dikenal menggunakan sistem matrilineal. Bagaimanapun, tunggu tubang menguatkan posisi laki-laki yang memposisikan dirinya sebagai meraje, yang “atas bama adat” juga dianggap berhak untukk mengontrol (seringkali sewenang-wenang) keberlanjutan tunggu tubang.[The Semende or also known as Semendo communities are a distinctive ethnic group residing in the mountainous areas of South Sumatra Province. An important aspect of their cultural life is known as tunggu tubang. According to tradition the family’s property, which consist of family house and agricultural fields, are passed on to the eldest daughter in each generation. This article attempts to explain the position of tunggu tubang as a unique identity differentiator of the Semende communities in contrast with other communities. Besides a means to protect the community’s survival, tunggu tubang has developed at the same time as a tool of legitimacy of political gender power control by males in the community. Tunggu tubang as a tool of legitimacy of men is evident from the placement of women “in the name of custom” seem to have power, so the community is often legitimized Semende as matrilineal. However, tunggu tubang is strengthening the position of the man who positioned himself as meraje that “in the name of custom” is also considered to be entitled to control (often arbitrarily) tunggu tubang sustainability.]

The paper recounts about the first and still the only attempt to present Ukrainian literature in the Spanish language which was undertaken by Dmytro Buchynskyi, Petro Kluk, Dmytro Chyzhevskyi, and Yuriy Shevelov. They tell their Spanish readers about the key phenomena and names of Ukrainian literature and interpret the latter as reflection of the Ukrainian identity produced by combination of national spirit and European values. D. Buchynskyi and P. Kluk, who lived in Spain and wrote Spanish, focused on analysis of Spanish imagery in the works of Ivan Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, Spyrydon Cherkasenko, and Natalena Koroleva. The hermeneutics of D. Chyzhevskyi and Y. Shevelov, whose essays were translated into Spanish for the special issue of the journal Oriente Europeo dedicated to Ukraine (1957), reflect a broader European perspective. All Ukrainian emigrant intellectuals, whose essays are studied in the paper, reject models of understanding Ukrainian literature which were imposed by the official Soviet literary studies. D. Buchynskyi and P. Kluk embody this trend by emphasizing religious and humanistic values in the works of Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka. D. Chyzhevskyi argues that the baroque Ukrainian literature, which was prohibited in the USSR, was a mediator in exchange of ideas, including theology, between West and East. Y. Shevelov plays a special role in undermining the Soviet version of the Ukrainian literary canon of the first half of the 20th century. He declares the Soviet regime a mortal threat to literary imagination. The researcher restores the list of writers deleted from the Ukrainian cultural memory by the Stalinist terror and provides examples of original reading of the works of Pavlo Tychyna, Mykhail Semenko, Mykola Kvyliovyi, Mykola Kulish and others. The essays about Ukrainian literature published in Spain is a dramatic episode of the cultural war of the Ukrainian diaspora against the Soviet version of the Ukrainian literary canon.

The paper focuses on poetry-based video performances conducted by the participants of the “Creative Youths Seminar” (CYS), which was founded in 1995. Adaptability is one of the most essential features of all seminar clusters. It leads to constant transformations in a general program and within poetry performance laboratory (existing as a part of CYS since 2015) in particular, due to socio-cultural and political context. In 2020, because of the quarantine restrictions, CYS for the first time changed its regular face-to-face form to a remoteone and took place online. Live performance cluster transformed into a three-day marathon of video performances. During that time 24 participants made over 70 video performances that lasted for more than 100 minutes in total (there was a record number in every category of a CYS performance cluster). Nearly half of the performances were poetry-based. Almost a third part was based on the poems by Ukrainian Futurist writers Oleksa Vlyzko, Mykhail Semenko, Oleksa Slisarenko, Andrii Chuzhyi, Geo Shkurupii, and Yulian Shpol. The article analyzes five poetry-based video performances that refer to the poems by Geo Shkurupii as pretexts: “A Talk with a Future Self ” by Yaroslav Boruta, “I Want to Be a Furniture” by Vladyslava Demianchuk (Dadi), “Oh Little Boy” by Natalia Matsybok-Starodub, “Czech Scotch Tape” by Iryna Pavlenko (Ira Pamiatai), and “The Future of Cherry Orchards” by Viktoriia Feshchuk. The pretexts, poetry performance texts (if any), and their intermedial connections with video performances have been examined. The researcher concludes that poetry-based performances let the artists not only experience the text traditionally but also ‘live through the text’, or, in other words, create a personal physical experience of the pretext and offer the audience another perspective on the pretext with the help of non-literary media.

Celem artykułu jest retoryczna analiza przekazów medialnych na temat Caster Semenyi opublikowanych w serwisach sportowych: sport.pl [3]przeglądsportowy.pl [4] oraz sportowe fakty.pl [5]. W 2009 roku namistrzostwach świata w Berlinie, lekkoatletka wygrała bieg na 800 m,znacznie wyprzedzając rywalki. Sukces biegaczki został przyćmionyprzez kontrowersje wokół jej płci i konieczność poddania siętestom, które miały potwierdzić czy Caster Semenya może startować razem z kobietami. Przypadek zawodniczki wzbudził duże zainteresowanienie tylko mediów, ale także naukowców, którzy analizowali dyskurswokół jej postaci z różnych perspektyw. W historii polskiego sportutakże dwukrotnie zanegowano płeć biegaczek: Stanisławy Walasiewiczowny i Ewy Kłobukowskiej. Artykuł ma odpowiedź na pytanie: w jaki sposób prezentowane są kontrowersje wokół Caster Semenyi w elektronicznych mediach sportowych oraz jak w ramach tego dyskursu profilowane są historie Polek, których płeć także zanegowano.

Автор дослідження розглядає творчість українського футуриста Михайля Семенка. Він звертає увагу на те, що у т.зв. візіопоезіях «Каблепоема за океан» та «Моя мозаїка» спостерігається відчутній вплив професійної діяльності поета, що була пов'язана із тодішніми інформаційними технологіями. Автор вважає, що професійні навички дозволили митцеві не лише пов'язати поетичне слово і візуальний образ, але творчо втілити у ньому технічний поступ тієї доби у дусі ідей футуризму, що може розглядатися як авторський внесок митця.
The author of this research examines the creative heritage of Ukrainian futurist Semenko. He notes to the fact that visual poetry "Kablepoema za okean" ("Poetic telegram to the overseas") and "Moya mozaika" ("My Mosaic") observed a significant impact of the poet's professional activities who was associated with the then information technology. The author believes that the skills not only allowed the artist to link poetic word and visual image, but it creatively implement technological progress in that period in the spirit of futurism, which can be considered as an art contribution of the artist.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2017.
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Objetivos: Produtos naturais podem levar a alterações nos parâmetros dos tecidos moles e mineralizados, devido ao seu efeito sobre as células e matriz extracelular. Foram investigados os efeitos de dois suplementos dietéticos nos fatores de crescimento, inflamatórios e de coagulação e também o osso recém-formado em alvéolo de extração de humanos. Métodos: Este estudo teve aprovação institucional para pesquisa em seres humanos da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa. Os indivíduos tomaram 300 mg 3 vezes ao dia de extrato de semente de uva [GEU] ou extrato de semente de toranja [GTO], iniciando duas semanas antes da extração dentária e mantendo esse regime por sessenta dias (n = 10 por grupo). Dentes com indicação de extração foram removidos e os alvéolos preenchidos com uma esponja de colágeno e suturados. Após 24 h, recolheu-se uma amostra do alvéolo, extraiu-se RNA com TRIzol e converteu-se em cDNA. Reação de transcriptase reversa seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativo (qRT-PCR) foi realizada para TGFß-1, VEGF, PDGF, BMP-4, BMP-7, RUNX-2, IL1-ß, CXCL2, IL-6, VWF e F2 trombina. Sessenta dias após a extração do dente, foi obtido uma amostra óssea do local antes da colocação do implante dentário, fixado em formalina tamponada a 10% e desmineralizado por EDTA 0,5 M com pH 7,6. As amostras foram incorporadas em parafina, seccionadas e coradas em hematoxilina e eosina (H&E) para morfologia, picrosirius red (PSR) para avaliar a organização/maturação de colágeno e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP) para contagem de osteoclastos. Resultados: qRT-PCR revelou que o grupo GTO apresentou uma diminuição estatisticamente significante nos fatores de crescimento TGFß-1 e PDGF e nos marcadores inflamatórios IL1-ß, CXCL2 e IL-6. GEU mostrou um aumento no fator de coagulação VWF. As análises histológicas mostraram uma clara diminuição da densidade do colágeno, maturação óssea, densidade osteoclástica aumentada e presença abundante de plaquetas e tecido conjuntivo frouxo no grupo GEU. Conclusão: Houve um impacto significativo de suplementos dietéticos específicos na cicatrização de alvéolos de extração com diminuição dos marcadores inflamatórios em GTO e formação óssea atrasada observada em GEU. São necessários outros estudos nesta linha de pesquisa, para que se possa compreender adequadamente as modificações que ocorrem nos alvéolos de extração em pacientes que fazem o uso de suplementos alimentares.

Abstract : Objectives: Natural products could lead to altered soft and mineralized tissue parameters due to their effect on cells and extracellular matrix. We investigated the effects of two dietary supplements on growth, inflammatory and coagulation factors and newly formed bone in extraction sockets in humans. Methods: This study had institutional approval for human subjects research from the Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa. Subjects took 300 mg t.i.d. of Grape Seed Extract [GEU] or Grapefruit Seed Extract [GTO] starting two weeks prior to dental extraction and maintained this regimen for sixty days (n=10 per group). Non-restorable teeth were extracted and sockets filled with a commercially available collagen patch and sutured. After 24 h, a socket sample was collected, RNA extracted with TRIzol and converted into cDNA. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for TGFß-1, VEGF, PDGF, BMP-4, BMP-7, RUNX-2, IL1-ß, CXCL2, IL- 6, VWF and thrombin. Sixty days after tooth extraction, a central core was obtained from the site prior to dental implant placement, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and demineralized by 0.5 M EDTA pH 7.6. Samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphology, picrosirius red (PSR) for evaluation of the organization/maturation of collagen and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclast count. Results: qRT-PCR revealed that the GTO group had a statistically significant decrease in the growth factors TGFß-1 and PDGF and in the inflammatory markers IL1-ß, CXCL2 e IL-6. GEU showed an increase in the coagulation factor VWF. Histological analyses showed a clear decrease in collagen density, bone maturation, increased osteoclast density and abundant presence of platelets and loose connective tissue in GEU group. Conclusions: There was a significant impact of specific dietary supplements in healing of extraction sockets with decreased inflammatory markers with GTO and delayed bone formation observed with GEU. Further studies are needed in this line of research to adequately understand the changes occurring in extraction sockets in patients using dietary supplements.

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This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among seed size and their physical and physiological attributes in three soybean cultivars (NK 7059 RR, SYN 3358 RR and BMX POTÊNCIA RR). Samples were collected from the Seed Processing Unit C.Vale in Abelardo Luz-SC, and the following analyzes were performed: seed germination , seed vigor, mechanical damage, screen retention and weight of 1000 seeds. The analyzes were performed at the Laboratory of Seeds Analysis C.Vale- Cooperativa Agroindustrial in Palotina-PR, and the following cultivars and screens were used: NK 7059 RR (5.75 and 6.75 mm), SYN 3358 RR (5.5 and 6.5mm) and BMX POTÊNCIA RR (5.75 and 6.75mm). The analysis of seed germination was performed according to the Brazilian Rules for Seed Analysis; the seed vigor test was based on the accelerated aging and the test with sodium hypochlorite was used for the evaluation of mechanical damage. Two replicates of 100 seeds were used for the screen retention test, which was determined by retention in specified screen and in screen without perforations. The weight of 1000 seeds was measured in eight replications of 100 seeds. The following conclusions were obtained: 1-Physiological seed quality is independent of seed size 2-There is higher seed retention on the superior screen, reaching more than 10%, and 3-Large seeds tend to have higher mechanical damage.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a relação do tamanho das sementes de soja em três cultivares (NK 7059 RR, SYN 3358 RR e BMX POTÊNCIA RR), sobre os atributos físicos e fisiológicos da semente na qualidade das sementes. As amostras foram coletadas da Unidade de Beneficiamento Sementes da C.Vale, em Abelardo Luz-SC, sendo feito as seguintes análises: Germinação, Vigor, Dano mecânico, Retenção de peneiras e peso de mil sementes. As análises foram conduzidas no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes da C.Vale-Cooperativa Agroindustrial, em Palotina-PR, para os seguintes cultivares e peneiras: NK 7059 RR(5,75 e 6,75), SYN 3358 RR(5,5 e 6,5) e BMX POTÊNCIA RR(5,75 e 6,75). A análise de germinação seguiu as normas da Regra de Análise de Sementes; A análise de vigor foi feita com base no Teste de Envelhecimento Acelerado e a avaliação do dano mecânico foi feita aplicando-se o teste com hipoclorito de sódio. A retenção de peneiras foi determinada através da retenção na peneira especificada em duas repetições de 100 sementes e outra peneira com um fundo cego. Por último, foi determinado o peso de 1000 sementes com oito repetições com 100 sementes de cada. As seguintes conclusões foram obtidas: 1 A qualidade fisiológica independe do tamanho das sementes; 2 Há uma maior retenção de sementes na peneira superior, podendo alcançar mais de 10%; e 3 As sementes grandes tendem a apresentar maior danificação mecânica.

Les semences enrobées constituent un développement technologique prometteur pour l'agriculture. Mais l'enrobage des semences est quelquefois une barrière pour les transferts hydriques. Ceux-ci dépendent de l'épaisseur, de la nature des matériaux, et de l'arrangement des particules. Le compartiment enrobage a été le plus étudié du point de vue structural et textural. L'analyse granulométrique des matériaux est complétée par l'étude de la porosité par le mercure et l'analyse d'image de lame minces. Les courbes de rétention en eau des matériaux complètent les observations sur le comportement hydrique. Les propriétés de transferts des matériaux ont été abordées à l'aide d'un dispositif de mesure de flux hydriques en milieu non saturé entre deux compartiments qui simulent le sol et la semence en conservation. La modélisation des flux à l'aide de résistances permet l'étude de différents paramètres des transferts hydriques. La nature des matériaux, leur épaisseur, le rôle du liant sont plus particulièrement analysés. La modélisation numérique de l'équation de Darcy par la méthode des éléments finis permet le calcul de la conductivité hydraulique des matériaux. L'ajustement des flux expérimentaux aux flux simulés est réalisé par une fonction analytique de type exponentiel. Les apports méthodologiques de la résonance magnétique nucléaire ont été étudiés par diverses techniques. A bas champ, le temps de relaxation spin-spin permet la séparation des protons de l'eau de ceux des lipides. A haut champ, l'étude des protons sur une seule graine de carotte nue, 1. 2 mg de matière sèche, est possible. Par contre, la présence dans l'enrobage de substances paramagnétiques ne permet pas l'étude in-situ des transferts hydriques. La R. M. N. A été utilisée pour caractériser l'imbibition des semences nues et enrobées dans les conditions extrêmes de potentiels hydriques. Elle a mis en évidence l'effet de la technique de l'enrobage sur l'imbibition finale des semences, l'effet de l'enrobage et celui des contraintes mécaniques exercées par l'état structural de la terre dans les conditions les plus humides.

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Nesta dissertação, investigou-se a disputa entre camponeses, Guardiões de Sementes Crioulas, em Passo do Lourenço, Canguçu-RS, e as empresas do setor agroindustrial, envolvendo a preservação do habitus, na perspectiva teórica de Pierre Bourdieu. O estudo procurou analisar como esse habitus se transformou em resistência à modernização da agricultura no Brasil, especialmente quanto à forma como foi implantada, que excluiu o campesinato das políticas públicas para o setor; discutindo conceitos fundamentais, tais como campo e capitais simbólicos, e de que maneira se configurou a luta entre os atores sociais, especialmente após a chamada Revolução Verde e a implementação das sementes transgênicas no cenário da agricultura.
In this dissertation, we investigated the dispute between peasants, Creole Seed Guardians, in Passo do Lourenço, Canguçu-RS, and agroindustrial companies, involving the preservation of the habitus, in the theoretical perspective of Pierre Bourdieu. The study sought to analyze how this habitus became a resistance to the modernization of agriculture in Brazil, especially as it was implemented, which excluded the peasantry from public policies for the sector; Discussing fundamental concepts such as field and symbolic capitals, and how the struggle between social actors was set up, especially after the so-called Green Revolution and the implementation of seed transgency in the agricuture scenario.

Podizanje novih zasada i povećanje kapaciteta preradegrožđa povećava količinu otpada sa kojim se suočavaindustrija proizvodnje vina i rakije. Najbolji i najodgovornijinačin upravljanja otpadom je njegovo dalje iskorišćenjekao nusproizvoda. U ovoj disertaciji sagledavana je mogućnost iskorišćenjanusproizvoda iz različitih faza proizvodnje u vinarijama idestilerijama za dobijanje semenki grožđa koje sukorišćene za proizvodnju hladno presovanog ulja. Hipotezase zasniva na činjenici da semenke grožđa raznih sorti izrazličitih faza proizvodnje vina (bela, roze ili crvena vina),odnosno, rakije mogu imati sasvim različit hemijski sastav ikvalitet koji svakako može da se reflektuje na kvalitet,bioaktivne komponente i održivost hladno presovanog ulja.Ovakav proizvod, obzirom da je dobijen hladnimpresovanjem, može biti veoma atraktivan za potrošače,zbog svojih specifičnih senzorskih i nutritivnihkarakteristika.Za potrebe izrade disertacije prikupljeni su nusproizvodii pripremljeni su uzorci iz vinarija i destilerija fruškogorskogvinogorja. Dobijene su semenke i proizvedeno hladnopresovano ulje od semenki crnog grožđa sorte Merlot,belog grožđa sorte Italijanski rizling i belog grožđa sorteSila, kao autohtone sorte vinove loze. Hladno presovanaulja su proizvedena od semenki grožđa koje nisu prošlenikakav tretman, odnosno dobijene su nakon presovanja,prilikom proizvodnje belih (Italijanski rizling i Sila) i roze(Merlot) vina, zatim od semenki koje su prošle procesfermentacije prilikom proizvodnje crvenih vina (Merlot) i odsemenki koje su prošle proces fermentacije i destilacijeprilikom proizvodnje rakije (Merlot, Italijanski rizling i Sila).Pored navedenih semenki i ulja, pripremljen je i prosečanproizvodni uzorak koji predstavlja uzorak dobijen od svihprikupljenih semenki. Kao uporedni uzorci korišćeno jenerafinisano i rafinisano ulje od semenki grožđa nabavljenona tržištu. Za realizaciju postavljenog cilja, rad na izvođenju ovedisertacije obuhvatio je različite faze. U prvoj faziprikupljene su semenke grožđa i ispitivane su njihovetehničko-tehnološke karakteristika i kvalitet. Zatim su odnavedenih semenki proizvedena hladno presovana ulja.U sledećim fazama, ovako dobijena uja, zajedno sauzorkom nerafinisanog i rafinisanog ulja od semenkigrožđa sa tržišta ispitivana su sa aspekta senzorskog inutritivnog kvaliteta i praćene su razlike u održivosti ulja.Izvršena je senzorska analiza, određivane su frakcijepigmenata, karotenoidi i hlorofili, merena je transparencija,a parametri boje ulja određivani su i instrumentalno.Nutritivni kvalitet ulja sagledavan je na osnovu sadržaja isastava bioaktivnih komponenti, pre svega tokoferola itokotrienola, fenola i sterola. Budući da ova jedinjenjaispoljavaju značajne antioksidativne aktivnosti izvršeno je iispitivanje antiradikalske aktivnosti uzoraka. Odživost uljaod semenki grožđa sagledana je na osnovu početnogkvaliteta i oksidativnog stanja, kao i rezultata ubrzanihtestova, kao što je Rancimat test, Schaal-oven test ifluorescentni test.Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se konstatovati dasu svi dobijeni uzorci semenki imali dobru skladišnu vlagu,koja, obzirom na mali sadržaj ulja u semenkama, može daosigura čuvanje semenki u dužem periodu. Sadržaj ulja usemenkama, pored uticaja sorte vinove loze, zavisi i oduticaja procesa kome su podvrgnute semenke prepresovanja (fermentacija, destilacija).Senzorska analiza ulja od semenki grožđa pokazala jeznačajne razlike u karakteristikama koje su posledica nesamo načina dobijanja ulja (hladno presovano ili rafinisano), sorte vinove loze, već i postupka dobijanja,porekla i kvaliteta semenki grožđa. Uslovi kojima susemenke grožđa izložene u toku alkoholne fermentacije iposebno destilacije utiču na formiranje specifične aromehladno presovanog ulja. I pored toga što se pojavljujeizuzetno širok spektar različitih aroma, mirisa i ukusa u uljui što postoje značajne razlike u aromi ulja u zavisnosti odsorte grožđa, moguće je prepoznati da li je hladnopresovano ulje dobijeno od semenki grožđa bezfermentacije, posle fermentacije ili posle destilacije.Takođe, sa aspekta boje ulja može se kazati da rafinisanoulje od semenki grožđa ima svetlo žutu boju sazelenkastom nijansom, dok su hladno presovana uljaintenzivnijih boja i kreću se od žuto-zelenkaste, prekozelenkasto žute i svetlo zelenkaste do tamno zelene. Većiudeo zelene boje imaju hladno presovana ulja od semenkigrožđa dobijenih posle destilacije.U radu je pokazano da sadržaj pigmenata (karotenoida ihlorofila) u velikoj meri zavisi od porekla semenki.Postupak fermentacije doprinosi povećanju sadržajapigmenata, dok postupak destilacije, zbog visokihtemperatura ima negativan efekat.Transparencija uzoraka hladno presovanih ulja odsemenki grožđa proizvedenih za potrebe disertacije kretalase od 32,8% do 53,8%.Sadržaj nezasićenih masnih kiselina u svim uzorcimaulja od semenki grožđa veći je od 90%, pri čemudominantnu masnu kiselinu čini linolna, omega-6, masnakiselina.Sadržaj tokotrienola je veći od sadržaja tokoferola u uljima od semenki grožđa, a dominantni tokoferol je alfatokoferol.Njegov sadržaj je veći u uzorcima ulja dobijenimiz semenki nakon fermentacije i destilacije.Sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja, u zavisnosti od sorte, uproseku je nešto viši u hladno presovanim uljima dobijenimod crvene sorte grožđa, ali uočava se i značajan porast(akumulacija) fenola u hladno presovanim uljima dobijenimiz semenki grožđa nakon procesa fermentacije i destilacije.Najveći pojedinačni sadržaju u ulju od semenki grožđa imaursolna kiselina, a pored nje značajniji sadržaj, madamnogo manji, pokazuju rezveratrol, kemferol i vanilinskakiselina.Najzastupljeniji steroli ulja semenki grožđa su β-sitosterol sa udelom od 62,59-69,74%, stigmasterol saudelom od 12,13-15,00% i kampesterol sa udelom od 6,59-11,94% u ukupnim sterolima. Na sadržaj fitosterola uuljima od semenki grožđa nemaju uticaja procesifermentacije i destilacije kojima su podvrgnute semenkepre preosvanja.U radu je dokazan negativan uticaj procesa fermentacijei destilacije kojima su povrgnute semenke grožđa naantiradikalski potencijal dobijenih ulja. Antiradikalskipotencijal ulja od semenki grožđa zavisi i od sorte vinoveloze, kao i od načina dobijanja ulja (hladno presovano ilirafinisano).Procesi fermentacije i destilacije utiču i na osnovnihemijski kvalitet dobijenih hladno presovanih ulja na načinda dovode do povećanja kiselinskog i peroksidnog broja.Hladno presovana ulja od semenki grožđa pokazujudobru oksidativnu stabilnost. Rancimat test je pokazao razlike u indukcionom periodu hladno presovanih ulja odsemenki grožđa kao posledicu razlike u sorti, kao i unačinu dobijanja semenki. Proces fermentacije utiče napovećanje, a proces destilacije na smanjenje indukcionogperioda.Na osnovu svih dobijenih rezultata istraživanja može sekonstatovati da su hladno presovana ulja od semenkigrožđa pokazala različit nutritivni kvalitet i oksidativnustabilnost, zbog specifičnih razlika koje su posledica razlikau sorti i poreklu semenki, tj. zbog specifičnog efektafermentacije i destilacije na semenke od kojih je uljeproizvedeno, čime je i potvrđena hipoteza.
Raising new plantations and increasing the grapeprocessing capacity increases the amount of waste facedby the wine and brandy industry. The best and mostresponsible way of waste management is its furtherexploitation as by-products.In this dissertation, the possibility of using by-products from different stages of production in wineries and distilleries forobtaining grape seeds, which were used for the productionof cold pressed oil, was examined. The hypothesis isbased on the fact that grape seeds of various varietiesfrom different stages of wine production (white, rose or redwine), that is, brandy can have a completely differentchemical composition and quality that can certainly bereflected on the quality, bioactive components and stabilityof cold pressed oil.Such a product, as it is obtained by cold pressing, canbe very attractive to consumers, due to its specific sensoryand nutritional characteristics.For the needs of the dissertation, the by-products werecollected and samples were prepared from the wineriesand distilleries of the Fruška Gora vineyard. Seeds wereobtained and cold pressed oil produced from Merlot grapeseed, as representatives of red grape varieties, ItalianRiesling, as representatives of white grape varieties andSila, as new white grape varieties. Cold pressed oils wereproduced from grape seeds that did not undergo anytreatment, that is, they were obtained after pressing, duringthe production of white (Italian Riesling and Sila) and rose(Merlot) wines, then from the seeds that were fermentedduring the production of red wines (Merlot ) and seeds thathave undergone fermentation and distillation processduring the production of brandy (Merlot, Italian Riesling andSila). In addition to the mentioned seeds and oils, anaverage production sample was prepared, which is asample obtained from all collected seeds. Unrefined andrefined grape seed oil purchased on the market was usedas comparative samples. For realization of the set goal, the work on theperformance of this dissertation encompassed differentphases. In the first phase, grape seed were collected andtheir technical and technological characteristics and qualitywere examined. Then cold-pressed oils were producedfrom these seeds.In the following phases, the resulting ear, together with asample of unrefined and refined grape seed oil from themarket, were examined from the aspect of sensory andnutritional quality and differences in oil stability wereobserved. Sensory analysis was performed, pigmentatefractions, carotenoids and chlorophylls were determined,transparency was measured, and oil color parameterswere also determined instrumentally. The nutritive oilquality was examined based on the content andcomposition of bioactive components, primarily tocopherolsand tocotrienols, phenols and sterols. Since thesecompounds exhibit significant antioxidant activities, theantiradical activity of the samples was also tested. Thestability of grape seed oils was examined based on theinitial quality and the oxidative state, as well as the resultsof accelerated tests, such as Rancimat test, Schaal-ovenand fluorescence test.On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concludedthat all the obtained seed samples had good storagemoisture, which, given the small content of oil in the seeds,can ensure the storage of seeds for a longer period. Thecontent of oil in the seed, in addition to the influence of thegrape variety, depends on the influence of the process towhich the seeds are subjected to pressing (fermentation,distillation). Sensory analysis grape seed oils showed significantdifferences in characteristics that are due not only to themethod of obtaining oil (cold pressed or refined), grapevarieties, but also the method of obtaining, the origin andquality of grape seed. The conditions for grape seedsexposed during fermentation and especially distillationaffect the formation of a specific cold pressed oil. Althoughan extremely wide range of different flavors, odors andflavors in oil appear, and there are significant differences inthe aroma of the oil, depending on the grape variety, it ispossible to recognize whether the cold-pressed oil isderived from the grape seed without fermentation, afterfermentation or after distillation. Also, from the aspect of oilcolor it can be said that refined grape seed oil has a lightyellow color with a greenish shade, while cold pressedgrape seed oils have more intense colors range fromyellowish-greenish, over greenish yellow and light greenishto dark green. A higher proportion of green color has coldpressed grape seed oils obtained after distillation.The thesis has shown that the content of pigments(carotenoids and chlorophyll) depends to a great extent onthe origin of the seed. The fermentation processcontributes to increasing the content of pigments, while thedistillation process has a negative effect due to hightemperatures.Transparency of cold pressed grape seed oils producedfor the dissertation ranged from 32.8% to 53.8%.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in all samples ofgrape seed oil is greater than 90%, with the dominant fattyacid being linoleic, omega-6, fatty acid. The content of tocotrienols is higher than the content oftocopherols in grape seed oils, and the dominanttocopherol is alpha-tocopherol. Its content is higher in oilsamples obtained from the seed after fermentation anddistillation.The content of phenol compounds, depending on thevariety, is somewhat higher in cold pressed oils obtainedfrom red grape varieties, but there is also a significantincrease in accumulation of phenol in cold pressed oilsobtained from the grape seed after the fermentation anddistillation process. The largest individual oil content ofgrape seeds has ursolic acid, and besides it, significantcontent, although much smaller, shows rezveratrol,kemferol and vanillinic acid.The most prevalent sterols of grape seed oils are β-sitosterol with a share of 62.59-69.74%, stigmasterol with ashare of 12.13-15.00% and campesterol with a share of6.59-11.94% in total sterols. Fermentation and distilationprocesses, to which the seeds have been exposed, haveno effect on the content of phytosterols in grape seed oils.The paper has shown the negative influence of thefermentation and distillation process, to which the seedshave been exposed, onto the antiradical potential of theobtained oils. The antiradical potential of grape seed oilsdepends on grape varietes, as well as on the way oil isobtained (cold pressed or refined).Processes of fermentation and distillation also affect thebasic chemical quality of obtained cold pressed oils in sucha way as to increase the acid and peroxide values.Cold pressed grape seed oils show good oxidative stability. The Rancimat test showed differences in theinduction period of cold pressed grape seed oils as a resultof the variation in the variety, as well as in the method ofobtaining the seed. The fermentation process affects theincrease, and the process of distillation decreases theinduction period.Based on all the obtained results, it can be concludedthat cold pressed grape seed oils showed differentnutritional quality and oxidative stability due to specificdifferences resulting from differences in variety and seedorigin, i.e. due to the specific effect of fermentation anddistillation processes on the seeds from which the oil wasproduced, thus confirming the hypothesis.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objetivou-se neste trabalho: avaliar o perfil de atividade das isoenzimas lipoxigenases, durante a germinação de sementes de soja, submetidas ao retardamento de colheita e ao armazenamento; avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes, colhidas em diferentes épocas; e estimar as correlações entre os resultados dos testes, utilizados nessas avaliações com a emergência das plântulas no campo e o seu potencial de armazenamento. No ano agrícola 2000/01, sementes das variedades CAC-1, FT- Cristalina, UVF-16 (Capinópolis) e das respectivas linhagens com ausência das três lipoxigenases LOX1, LOX2 e LOX3 (CAC-1 triplo-nulo, FT-Cristalina triplo-nulo e UFV-16 triplo-nulo), bem como das variedades Doko-RC, Savana, UFV-18 (Patos de Minas) e UFV-19 (Triângulo), foram multiplicadas no campo. As colheitas das variedades, ou linhagens, foram realizadas no estádio R8 e aos 15 e 30 dias após este estádio. Posteriormente, as sementes foram embaladas em sacos de tecido de algodão e armazenadas, durante oito meses, em condições ambientes (sem o controle de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar). A atividade das isoenzimas lipoxigenases, durante a germinação, foi determinada somente nas sementes da variedade CAC-1 e da linhagem CAC- 1 triplo-nulo, antes da semeadura e, diariamente, durante um período de dez dias após a semeadura. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio dos testes: germinação, primeira contagem e germinação final; envelhecimento acelerado; condutividade elétrica; lixiviação de potássio; determinação do conteúdo de aldeídos totais; emergência das plântulas no campo; velocidade de emergência; índice de emergência; e sanidade. A atividade das lipoxigenases durante a germinação das sementes, colhidas no estádio R8 e aos 15 e 30 dias após este estádio, foi influenciada pelo período de armazenamento, apresentando, em geral, atividade menor na maioria das avaliações (dias de germinação), para as sementes armazenadas por oito meses. As linhagens triplo-nulos apresentaram sementes com maior sensibilidade aos efeitos do retardamento de colheita, em comparação com as variedades das quais se originaram. As variedades CAC-1 e FT-Cristalina destacaram-se como mais tolerantes ao retardamento de colheita das sementes, quanto à germinação e ao vigor avaliado pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado. A ocorrência de Phomopsis spp., Fusarium spp. e totais de fungos tenderam a maiores percentagens, nas sementes colhidas 30 dias após o estádio R8, com diferenças no grau de tolerância à infecção das sementes entre os materiais genéticos. Nas condições de campo mais próximas às ideais, os resultados de emergência das plântulas apresentaram maior correlação com o teste de germinação, em todas as épocas de colheita. O envelhecimento acelerado foi eficiente para predizer o potencial de germinação das sementes colhidas aos 15 e 30 dias após o estádio R8 e armazenadas por quatro meses.
The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the profile of the lipoxygenase isoenzyme activity during germination of the soybean seeds submitted to the harvesting delay and storage; to evaluate the physiologic and sanitary qualities of the seeds harvested at different times; and to estimate the correlations among the results from the tests used in those evaluations with the seedling emergencies in the field and their storage potential. Seeds of the cultivars CAC-1, FT-Cristalina, UVF-16 (Capinópolis) and their respective inbred lines (CAC-1 triple-null, FT-Cristalina triple-null and UFV-16 triple-null) with absence of the three lipoxygenases LOX1, LOX2 and LOX3, as well as those of the cultivars Doko-RC, Savannah, UFV-18 (Patos de Minas) and UFV- 19 (Triângulo Mineiro) were multiplied in the field, in the agricultural year 2000/01. The harvests of either cultivars or inbred lines were accomplished at stage R8 and at 15 and 30 days after this stage. Later, the seeds were wrapped in cotton cloth and stored for eight months under environmental conditions (without controlling the temperature and air relative humidity). The activity of the lipoxygenase isoenzymes during germination was determined only for seeds of the CAC-1 cultivar and the inbred line (CAC-1 triple-null), before seeding and daily for a 10-day period after seeding. The quality of the seeds were evaluated by the following tests: germination, first counting and final germination; accelerated aging; electric conductivity; potassium leaching; determination of the total aldehyde content; emergency of the seedlings in the field; emergency speed; and emergency rate; and sanity. The activity of the lipoxygenases during germination of the seeds harvested at stage R8 and at 15 and 30 days after this stage were influenced by the storage period, generally presenting a lower activity in most evaluations (germination days), for the seeds stored during eight months. The triple-null inbred lines exhibited seeds with a higher sensibility to the effects of the harvest delay, compared to the cultivars from which they were originated. The cultivars CAC-1 and FT-Cristalina showed to be more tolerant to the delay of the seed harvesting, as for germination and vigor evaluated by the accelerated aging test. The occurrence of Phomopsis spp., Fusarium spp. and total fungus tended to highest percentages in those seeds harvested at 30 days after stage R8, with differences at the level of the seed tolerances to the infection among the genetic materials. Under those field conditions closer to the ideal ones, the results of the seedling emergencies showed the highest correlation with the germination test in all harvesting times. The accelerated aging was efficient to predict the germination potential of the seeds harvested at 15 and 30 days after stage R8 and stored for four months.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The production of organic vegetables suffers from the lack of availability of seeds suitable for cultivation. The research aims to know the origin of the seeds of vegetables grown in the world, in Brazil and next to the Association for the Development of Organic Agriculture of Goiás (ADAO). The behavior of the countries of Europe, Argentina, Chile, Japan and the United States were studied through a bibliographic review, which focused on the organic legislation and its requirements related to the use of the seed. In Brazil, organic production and research initiatives were studied through bibliographic review and interviews. Also through interviews conducted from April to December 2017, the main difficulties faced by ADAO farmers in producing and using organic vegetable seeds were studied. International legislation, because it originates in the same documents, resembles the requirements for seeds. Europe stands out because it has not allowed the use of conventional seeds since 2013. Brazilian research institutions, companies and associations that work with organic seeds of vegetables sell few seeds, but contribute to the development of the sector, stimulating the farmer to develop their production. In Goias, despite the diversity in cultivation, with 52 species of different vegetables, the dependence of conventional seeds is still high and one way to minimize it would be the production of own seeds. The change in this scenario is not sudden, nor can it depend only on one sector, it is a joint effort. Successful experiences must be exchanged, replicated, and each region adapting to the best solution.
A produção de hortaliças orgânicas sofre com a falta de disponibilidade de sementes adequadas para seu cultivo. A pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer a origem das sementes de hortaliças cultivadas no mundo, no Brasil e junto à Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Agricultura Orgânica de Goiás (ADAO). O comportamento dos países da Europa, Argentina, Chile, Japão e Estados Unidos foram estudados através de revisão bibliográfica, que teve como foco a legislação orgânica e suas exigências relacionadas ao uso da semente. No Brasil, foram estudadas as iniciativas de produção e pesquisa com sementes orgânicas, através de revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas. Também por meio de entrevistas realizadas no período de abril a dezembro de 2017, foram estudadas as principais dificuldades dos agricultores da ADAO, em produzir e utilizar sementes orgânicas de hortaliças. A legislação internacional, por ter origem nos mesmos documentos, assemelha-se nas exigências às sementes. A Europa se destaca por não permitir o uso de sementes convencionais, desde 2013. As instituições de pesquisa brasileira, empresas e associações que desenvolvem trabalhos com sementes orgânicas de hortaliças comercializam pouca quantidade de sementes, mas contribuem para o desenvolvimento do setor, estimulando o agricultor a desenvolver sua produção. Em Goiás, apesar da diversidade no cultivo, com 52 espécies de hortaliças diferentes, a dependência das sementes convencionais ainda é alta e uma forma de minimizá-la seria a produção de sementes próprias. A mudança neste cenário não é repentina, nem pode depender apenas de um setor, é um trabalho conjunto. As experiências de sucesso devem ser trocadas, replicadas e cada região se adaptar a melhor solução.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is an oilseed crop belonging to the family of crucifers, which has good adaptability and hardiness and can be an alternative for the production of biodiesel. However, the occurrence of diseases might be a limiting factor for production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment to control pathogens crambe seed, vigor analysis (size and fresh and dry weight) of seedlings, yield components and grain yield, using two biological products and three chemicals. The experimental design was completely randomized with six seed treatments (T0 - control; T1 - Trichoderma asperellum, T2 - Bacillus subtilis, T3 - glutamic acid, seaweed extract (Ascophillum nodosum), cobalt, molybdenum and manganese, T4 - thiamethoxam; T5 - zinc). Treatments when tested in the laboratory, resulted in no increase in the percentage of seed germination, although the treatments with T. asperellum and B. subtilis reduced the size of seedlings. In the field, yield components, except for the height and weight of 1000 grains were positively influenced by seed treatments. The chemical and biological treatments had suppressive effect of pathogens contained in the seeds, what can be an alternative for the control of pathogens in seeds of crambe, however, when they were tested in the field, only the treatments based on T. asperellum and B. subtilis and thiamethoxam resulted in increased productivity
O crambe (Crambe abyssinica) é uma cultura oleaginosa pertencente à família das crucíferas, que possui boa adaptação e rusticidade e pode ser uma alternativa para a produção de biodiesel. Porém, a ocorrência de doenças pode ser um fator limitante para a produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento de sementes de crambe no controle de patógenos da semente, análise de vigor (tamanho e massas fresca e seca) das plântulas, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos, utilizando dois produtos biológicos e três produtos químicos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos de semente (T0 Testemunha; T1 Trichoderma asperellum; T2 Bacillus subtilis; T3 ácido glutâmico, extrato de alga (Ascophillum nodosum), cobalto, molibdênio e manganês; T4 tiametoxam; T5 zinco). Os tratamentos quando testados em laboratório, não resultaram em aumento da percentagem de germinação das sementes, porém os tratamentos com T. asperellum e B. subtilis reduziram o tamanho de plântulas. Em campo, os componentes da produção, com exceção da altura e da massa de 1000 grãos foram influenciados positivamente pelos tratamentos de semente. Os tratamentos químico e biológico tiveram efeito supressivo dos patógenos contidos nas sementes, mostrado-se uma alternativa para o controle de patógenos em sementes de crambe, porém, quando estes foram testados a campo, somente os tratamentos a base de T. asperellum, B. subtilis e tiametoxam resultaram em incremento de produtividade.

Introdução: Atualmente, o gênero Cryptococcus possui mais de 30 espécies descritas, mas apenas o complexo de espécies Cryptococcus neoformans/ Cryptococcus gattii podem causar infecção em animais e seres humanos. Os principais reservatórios desses fungos são as árvores e o solo. A infecção ocorre a partir de inalação de aerossóis contendo leveduras ressecadas ou basidiósporos. A coloração da melanina auxilia no isolamento ambiental, sendo responsável pela diferenciação da cor da levedura que fica com uma coloração marrom brilhante. Objetivo: Em busca por um meio de cultura que forneça a rápida detecção de Cryptococcus sp., esse estudo verificou a produção de melanina em quatro tipos de meios de cultura. Metodologia: Nesse experimento utilizou-se a cepa de referência CFP60 de C. gattii . Após 24 horas de crescimento em agar Saboraud foi realizado uma suspensão das células em solução salina 0,85 % e inóculo de 0,5 na escala de MacFarland. A infecção do solo foi feita com 1 mL do inóculo em 10 g de solo. Posteriormente, 1 g do solo foi transferido para 50 mL de solução salina 0,9%, ficou sob agitação (150 rpm/5minutos) e repouso por 30 minutos. Um volume de 100 µL foi semeado nos seguintes meios: 1) agar semente de girassol (100 g semente de girassol, 5 g de glicose, 400 mg de antibiótico, 15 g de agar); 2) agar casca de berinjela (50 g de casca de berinjela, 1 g de glicose, 400 mg de antibiótico, 15 g de agar); 3) agar polpa de banana (400 g de polpa de banana, 1 g de glicose, 400 g de antibiótico, 15 g de agar); 4) agar serrapilheira (100 g de serrapilheira desidratada e triturada, 20 g de glicose, 400 g de antibiótico, 15 g de agar) para 1000 mL de água destilada. Resultados: Após dois dias de crescimento, em temperatura ambiente, foi detectado produção de melanina no meio agar semente de girassol e os demais meios no quarto dia. Conclusão: Com isso, pudemos observar que os compostos fenólicos dos substratos utilizados nos meios de cultura influenciam no tempo de produção de melanina por C. gattii, destacando o agar semente de girassol.

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de sementes de soja do mundo. Sua ótima aceitação é dada a suas peculiaridades nutritivas e industriais. Tendo em vista a maior produtividade, a utilização de semente de alta qualidade é um fator importante. Nesse sentido, o teste de tetrazólio têm se destacado, devido à sua precisão e rapidez na avaliação do vigor de sementes de soja. No entanto, o processo de análise é totalmente relacionado ao conhecimento e experiência do analista de semente. Dessa forma, este artigo propõe uma metodologia automática para classificação de sementes de soja por meio de análise de imagens, empregando técnicas de visão computacional agregado ao aprendizado profundo.

Many farms grow pumpkins, which they use to feed people and domestic animals. A by-product of this production is pumpkin seeds. He can get very high quality salad oil from it, which has a high market price. Pumpkin seeds contain up to 55% oil. The paper analyzes 19 pumpkin genotypes originating from Central and Western Serbia. Fruit weight, dry seed weight and randman were measured. The highest fruit weight and seed weight were found in G13 and G4, while the randman was highest in G19 and G3 and was inversely proportional to fruit and seed weight. Genotypes suitable for pumpkin seed production should have a larger number of smaller fruits (2-5 kg), which have a better randman, and therefore are important for oil production.

Forty-seven poly-TG microsatellites were developed at the U of IL, and 11 genetic markers were developed at ARO, nine of which were poly-AGC microsatellites. Markers were typed on the reference families of CSIRO, Australia; GRANADA, Texas; and IRRF, Illinois, for chromosome assignment and linkage mapping. Nine North American al organizations contributed semen to the Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR), which currently has 65,743 units from 3366 bulls. Semen was obtained for 31 out of 35 grandsires. Semen of 28 and 23 sons of two Israeli bulls was also collected. Eighteen grandsires were genotyped for 75 microsatellites. One thousand, three hundred and sixty-two sons with evaluation from 17 families were genotyped for 24 markers. Eleven thousand, six hundred and twenty sons genotypes were determined, of which 8,802 were informative. The genotype data was matched to the bulls' daughter yield deviations (DYD) for seven traits; milk, fat, and protein production; fat and protein percent; somatic cell concentration (SCS); and productive herd life. Seven loci had significant effects at p<0.05, but only two loci, TGLA263 and MGTG7, had significant effects at p<0.01, and the effect of TGLA263 on fat percentage was significant at p<0.0001. There was at least one significant effect for each of the seven traits analyzed.

The overall goal was to identify survival factors that can improve pregnancy success following insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. First, we demonstrated that oocytes are actually damaged by elevated temperature in the summer. Then we tested two thermoprotective molecules for their effect on oocyte damage caused by heat shock. One molecule, ceramide was not thermoprptective. Another, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF) reduced the effects of heat shock on oocyte apoptosis and oocyte cleavage when added during maturation. We also used lactating cows exposed to heat stress to determine whether bovine somatotropin (bST), which increases IGF1 levels in vivo, would improve fertility in summer. Cows treated with bST received a single injection at 3 days before insemination. Controls received no additional treatment. Treatment with bST did not significantly increase the proportion of inseminated cows diagnosed pregnant although it was numerically greater for the bST group (24.2% vs 17.8%, 124–132 cows per group). There was a tendency (p =0.10) for a smaller percent of control cows to have high plasma progesterone concentrations (≥ 1 ng/ml) at Day 7 after insemination than for bST-treated cows (72.6 vs 81.1%). When only cows that were successfully synchronized were considered, the magnitude of the absolute difference in the percentage of inseminated cows that were diagnosed pregnant between bST and control cows was reduced (24.8 vs 22.4% pregnant for bST and control). Results failed to indicate a beneficial effect of bST treatment on fertility of lactating dairy cows. In another experiment, we found a tendency for addition of IGF1 to embryo culture medium to improve embryonic survival after embryo transfer when the experiment was done during heat stress but not when the experiment was done in the absence of heat stress. Another molecule tested, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; also called colony-stimulating factor-2), improved embryonic survival in the absence of heat stress. We also examined whether heat shock affects the sperm cell. There was no effect of heat shock on sperm apoptosis (programmed cell death) or on sperm fertilizing ability. Therefore, effects of heat shock on sperm function after ejaculation if minimal. However, there were seasonal changes in sperm characteristics that indicates that some of the decrease in dairy cow fertility during the summer in Israel is due to using semen of inferior quality. Semen was collected from five representative bulls throughout the summer (August and September) and winter (December and January). There were seasonal differences in ion concentration in seminal plasma and in the mRNA for various ion channels known to be involved in acrosome reactions. Furthermore, the proportion of sperm cells with damaged acrosomes was higher in post-thaw semen collected in the summer than in its counterpart collected in winter (54.2 ± 3.5% vs. 51.4 ± 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.08Further examination is required to determine whether such alterations are involved in the low summer fertility of dairy cows.

The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.