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1
Kassym, B. K., and S. N. Samenova. "Frame structure of mental vocabulary of the Kazakh language." Bulletin of the Karaganda university Philology series 1, no. 109 (March 30, 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023ph1/46-53.
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The frame structure of the mental vocabulary in the Kazakh language is considered in this article by comparing the lexical-semantic groups of verbs in the Kazakh and other Turkic languages. Their semantic field is analyzed based on semantic, functional, emotional and expressive features of verbs in the Kazakh language. When defining thematic groups, particularly, verbs that nominate the spheres of mentality, the authors use as a basis the main features, meanings and functions in the context, as well as the functional characteristics of each word. Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that the main feature of the verb is clearly seen in its semantics. The authors classify the verbs of the Kazakh language into eight groups depending on the features of the semantic field. Taking into account the issue of the complexity of verbal semantics in linguistics, it is concluded that the classification of the meanings of mental verbs is very difficult; the definition of its essence and grouping according to their semantics is also a complex linguistic phenomenon, therefore the proposed classification may be conditional and cannot completely solve the problem of classification of mental verbs.
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Bulygina, Elena Yu, and Tatiana A. Tripolskaya. "Dynamic Processes in Russian Emotive-Evaluative Vocabulary." Critique and Semiotics 40, no. 1 (2022): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-30-51.
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Modern studies of the dynamic processes of the emotive-evaluative vocabulary are determined by 1) ideas about the nature and structure of the pragmatic macro-component and its interaction with the denotative semantics of the word, 2) the emergence of new vocabulary and text sources, 3) taking into account the parameters of the communicative situation (the relationship between the subject and the object of assessment, gender, age, social position of speakers and their intentions). The use of corpus and experimental methods in the study of evaluation makes it possible to identify significant changes in the semantics of different categories of vocabulary. In this article, the evaluative semantics is considered in relation to the elements of denotative and / or pragmatic gender, social and age macrocomponents. It has been revealed that the axiological characterization of a word, changing under the influence of the gender component, becomes significantly more complicated and varies depending on WHO (a man or a woman) evaluates and WHOM (a man or a woman) the speaker characterizes. In the thematic group ‘A weak-willed, spineless and feeble person’, there are dynamic processes, which are manifested in seme and semantic variation (the “male” characteristics tryapka, kisel', etc.), demonstrate an expansion of gender semantics, correlating with persons of both sexes. Thus, in the semantic structure of evaluative metaphors, independent evaluative meanings are formed, representing male and female weaknesses in different ways.
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Basalaeva, Elena G., Elena Yu Bulygina, and Tatiana A. Tripolskaya. "Stylistic Qualification of Colloquial Vocabulary in the Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 20 (2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/1.
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The article focuses on the issue of the stylistic ranking (clarification of the system of stylistic labels) and correlation of stylistic labels with emotional and evaluative ones in the electronic lexicographic resource Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary. The resource pursues the goal of the most complete lexicographic portraiture of the lexical meaning that contains pragmatic semantics (ideological, gender, national-cultural and emotional-evaluative). The macrostructure of the Database, criteria for the formation of the glossary, ways of interpreting the pragmatic content are described in the works of the participants in the lexicographic project E.G. Basalaeva, E.Yu. Bulygina, T.A. Tripolskaya. The material of the research is emotional-evaluative vocabulary (mrak, mychat’ (about human speech), vkalyvat’, uzhas, balbes, nytik, myam-lya, etc.) in need of special stylistic (colloquial, vernacular, rude, everyday, etc.) quali-fication. The authors relied on definitional, component and corpus analysis in the study. The study of the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language from the stand-point of the placement and correlation of stylistic and semantic labels allows obtaining the following information: 1) about lexicographic traditions relevant to the development of a new dictionary resource; 2) about possible dynamic processes in the field of stylis-tically marked vocabulary; 3) about the hybrid nature of stylistic and semantic labels: in some cases, stylistic labels (without emotional-evaluative ones) are designed to com-bine information about the sphere of use and emotional-evaluative semantics; and sometimes semantic labels, for example, contemptuous or abusive, serves as an indica-tor of colloquial or vernacular use. One of the primary tasks in the lexicography of these lexemes is the development of a possibly consistent system of stylistic and semantic labels. In the Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary, the authors pro-pose to use semantic and stylistic labels in parallel in relation to each other. The created Database makes it possible to present a lexicographic portrait of a pragmatically marked word, the presence and interaction of pragmatic microcomponents, their dy-namics manifested in modern communication. Thus, the article analyzes the systems of vocabulary labels. The stylistic and semantic (emotional-evaluative) labels have been correlated, considering the seme and semantic variation of a pragmatically marked word; the algorithm for the lexicographying of emotional-evaluative semantics, which determines the stylistic characteristics of a word, has been developed.
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Sun, Ying. "Artificial Intelligence Method for Accurate Translation of Fuzzy Semantics in English Language and Literature." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 19, no. 1 (September 27, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.331033.
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In order to address the drawbacks of semantic ambiguity, inaccurate quantifiers, and low translation accuracy in traditional grammar-based translation methods, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence translation method based on semantic analysis for English fuzzy semantics. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of English language semantics was carried out from different semantic levels such as language, knowledge, and pragmatics, and the key points of fuzzy semantics were identified. Then, key feature quantities for accurate translation of fuzzy semantics in English vocabulary and literature were constructed, and artificial intelligence methods were used to optimize fuzzy semantics. The experimental results show that the proposed method can avoid semantic understanding ambiguity and improve the accuracy of English language translation.
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Dwihastuti, Dieni Nurhasanah. "THE SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS ON TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS." Lingua 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v18i01.1864.
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ABSTRACT
As vocabulary is a necessary mode of communication, it must be acquired first to be able to master the English language. It is a good idea to start vocabulary classes in elementary school. As their memory is still strong in remembering things, they are ready to learn anything new. However, since English is a second language, teachers will need to employ strategies to have students acquire and memorize new words. This study focuses on linguistic knowledge, that is, semantics, which the teacher uses in the classroom and the learning materials to encourage students’ vocabulary. This is a content analysis of the teacher's approaches to teaching new words to young learners using semantic aspects. This research will be observed through two videos of English-language classrooms. The findings reveal that semantic features such as synonym and antonym pairs, polysemy, and applying in short sentences were used in the classroom when teaching vocabulary. During the class, photos, cassettes, music, and a variety of other learning resources are used. These strategies motivate and encourage students to learn the new vocabulary.
Keywords: vocabulary, instruction, young learner, semantics
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Choi, Yunseon. "Vocabulary Integration Reexamined." International Journal of Librarianship 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2018.vol3.2.91.
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Several thesauri have been published in various domains, or in the same subject domain. This heterogeneity caused the significant incompatibility of transferring or sharing data among different systems and databases. Therefore, thesaurus integration is a solution for handling this incompatibility issue. To achieve interoperability between different thesauri, mapping systems have been developed for establishing equivalents between terms in different thesauri. However, there is still ambiguity in term semantics and hierarchical relations used in thesauri. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the issues and challenges in vocabulary mapping and integration between different controlled vocabulary systems. The paper outlines the history of the study of vocabulary mapping efforts and suggests a way in which the emerging practices on semantic issues and mapping problems can be articulated.
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Ilyin, Boris Borisovich. "The semantics of landscape vocabulary in the Lives of the Assumption Collection." Litera, no. 5 (May 2024): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.5.70691.
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The purpose of the work is to describe the semantics of words nominating parts of the landscape in hagiographic texts that existed in Ancient Russia. The object of the study is words with spatial semantics denoting objects of nature. The subject of the study is the semantics of these lexical units. The material chosen for the analysis is the hagiographic texts included in the Assumption collection. To systematize the material, a classification of landscape vocabulary by semantic groups is proposed. The theoretical part of the work is an analysis of the already available methods of thematic ideography of landscape vocabulary, on the basis of which a classification of landscape vocabulary for the considered language material is proposed. The practical part of the article is devoted to the description of the meanings of words that represent a group of landscape vocabulary. Attention is drawn to the meaning of the word, the frequency of its use, and the connection with the event semantics of texts. The lexical material was obtained by the continuous sampling method. Lexicographic, contextual, and quantitative analyses were used to identify semantics. The article describes the words with their basic meanings that characterize the landscape in the lives of the Assumption collection: elevations: mountain, hill; flat spaces — coincide with open spaces; depressions: deep, ditch, pit, cave (pechera); overgrown areas: boron, lѣs, squabble; open areas: field, deserts; water spaces and land areas next to it: source, rѣka, sea, mouth, brѣg, island. It is noted that the group of landscape vocabulary is few and infrequent in use. The author comes to the conclusion that the semantics of landscape naming in the considered hagiographies includes elements of various linguistic Slavic systems. It is emphasized that the formation of metaphorical meanings in landscape vocabulary occurs under the influence of biblical contexts. The novelty of the research lies in the chosen source of linguistic facts: the hagiographic texts of the Assumption Collection did not become the subject of systematic lexical and semantic analysis. It can also be noted that the analysis of spatial vocabulary based on the material of texts that existed in Ancient Russia was not carried out. The work can be useful in studies of the category of locativity in the Old Russian language, as well as in the study of images of space in Slavic hagiographic texts.
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Zheng, Yangtong. "A conceptual vocabulary of Serbian folk culture." Slavic Almanac 2022, no. 3-4 (2022): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.6.04.
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The review presents the book by E. I. Yakushkina about Serbian folk culture and its relationships with the Serbian language. The monograph studies the dominant vocabulary relevant for understanding the traditional Serbian culture with its derivatives: the formation of meaning, semantics and semantic reconstruction of some Serbian lexemes and lexical groups which express Serbian cultural concepts.
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Im, S. B. "The use of Turkic loanwords in the Russian language." E3S Web of Conferences 413 (2023): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341303015.
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The subject of the research is loanwords form Turkic languages in the Russian language. The basic rules for the development of the language, its connections with the history of society in different periods are clearly manifested precisely in the vocabulary. Loanwords from Turkic languages were borrowed through oral speech. This led to the emergence of various options for borrowing. The article describes the internal rules for the development of Turkic loanwords, reflected in their composition, functioning, semantics, and phonetics. The borrowing of loanwords, in particular, from the Turkic languages, is determined mainly by the needs of semantic differentiation. Turkic loanwords, as well as Western European loanwords, changed in semantics and went beyond the original sphere of functioning. In the process of development, Turkic vocabulary adjusts to the phonetic, morphological and semantic norms of the Russian language by changing their phonetic composition and semantics. Turkic loanwords are mostly monosemantic words that filled in the gaps in the system of nomination. Therefore, Turkic vocabulary was the only means of nomination for a long time. Later, becoming a part of the Russian language, Turkic loanwords acquire figurative meanings.
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Safonova, S. S., O. A. Chupryakova, and D. I. Rakhimova. "Syntax, vocabulary, phraseology: Aspects of correlation and interaction." Philology and Culture, no. 1 (April 6, 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-75-1-33-39.
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This article raises the issues of using an integrative approach with respect to the study of language units, the problems of interaction of syntax, vocabulary and phraseology, and their interpenetration and contact within the framework of the semantic structure of the language as a functioning system. We also consider syntactic units that are in the zone of abstract meanings that ensure the integrity and vital activity of the language. The diachronic aspect of the coverage of the questions posed contributed to the identification of two processes – grammaticalization and lexicalization, which stimulate mutual transitions and borderline positions between principal and auxiliary parts, predicative and nominative parts, mono and polysemantic parts, as well as stable and instable parts in the sentence. The syntactic phraseomodels, analyzed in the article, are frequent in the sphere of hypotaxis when expressing adversarial-concessional, temporal and causal relations. It is especially important that the language has the integrativity of abstract vocabulary and relational semantics, designed to cement and structure speech activity. The syntactic phraseomodels under consideration complicate relational semantics with modal or expressive meanings. The modal component is usually realized through the vocabulary of anthropocentric content, covering the entire spectrum of human speech-psychomental activity, it is represented by separate semantic fields and lexical-semantic groups. Within the framework of expressive contexts, as essential elements are the lexical content of pretexts and the presence of emotive components in their composition. In these phrases, one can see a cause-and-effect relationship between two propositions, the real and potential ones in the subordinate part, although such models often move into the sphere of intensity semantics and the zone of emotiveness. The syntactic phraseomodels under consideration and those of them that have acquired a stable appearance are prone to parceling, budding from the base part and functioning more autonomously in the text. Thus, semantic-syntactic relations interact with abstract vocabulary and have a certain range of emotional-evaluative and modal meanings.
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Zeijlstra, Hedde. "How semantics dictates the syntactic vocabulary." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 44, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.44.2006.328.
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In this paper I argue that the set of formal features that can head a functional projection is not given by UG but derived through L1 acquisition. I formulate a hypothesis that says that initially every functional category F is realised as a semantic feature [F]; whenever there is an overt doubling effect in the L1 input with respect to F, this semantic feature [F] is reanalysed as a formal feature [i/uF]. In the first part of the paper I provide a theoretical motivation for this hypothesis, in the second part I test this proposal for a case-study, namely the cross-linguistic distribution of Negative Concord (NC). I demonstrate that in NC languages negation has been reanalysed as a formal feature [i/uNEG], whereas in Double Negation languages this feature remains a semantic feature [NEG] (always interpreted as a negative operator), thus paving the way for an explanation of NC in terms of syntactic agreement. In the third part I discuss that the application of the hypothesis to the phenomenon of negation yields two predictions that can be tested empirically. First I demonstrate that negative markers X° can be available only in NC languages; second, independent change of the syntactic status of negative markers, can invoke a change with respect to the exhibition of NC in a particular language. Both predictions are proven to be correct. I finally argue what the consequences of the proposal presented in this paper are for both the syntactic structure of the clause and second for the way parameters are associated to lexical items.
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Zhou, Jiang, and Xin Yu Ma. "Semantic Enabled 3D Object Retrieval." Advanced Materials Research 159 (December 2010): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.159.128.
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In the case of traditional 3D shape retrieval systems, the objects retrieved are based mainly on the computation of low-level features that are used to detect so-called regions-of-interest. This paper focuses on obtaining the retrieved objects in a machine understandable and intelligent manner. We explore the different kinds of semantic descriptions for retrieval of 3D shapes. Based on ontology technology, we decompose a 3D objects into meaningful parts semi-automatically. Each part can be regarded as a 3D object, and further be semantically annotated according to ontology vocabulary from the Chinese cultural relics. Three kinds of semantic models such as description semantics of domain knowledge, spatial semantics and scenario semantics, are presented for describing semantic annotations from different viewpoints. These annotated semantics can accurately grasp complete semantic descriptions of 3D shapes.
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Alsayed, Fatimah. "The Effects of Semantics in the Language Development of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners." International Journal of Learning and Development 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v9i4.15735.
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The study of Semantics is an important area of word meaning, references, senses, logic, and perlocutions and illocutions. That is, the study of Semantics increases students’ understanding and awareness of word meaning, sentence relationships, and discourse and context. It also enables students to create and improve their Semantics maps which are webs of words visually display the meaning-based connections between a word or phrase and a set of related words or concepts. This paper is a product of effort that I make to implement some theoretically-sound strategies in planning and teaching a Semantic course for English Foreign language learners (EFL). The aim of this paper is to show that utilizing the mechanisms of meaning is vital to successful human communication. Alongside with that, lexical development will solidify students’ understanding of language meaning and sense relations. The purpose of the course is to concentrate on teaching key terms in Semantics, Semantics Analysis of Writing Approach (SAW) and ‘agent-action-goal with real-life action’ technique and then employed the knowledge of these terms to improve students’ vocabulary in the short-term, and their language proficiency in the long-term. Scaffolding the Semantics information with L2 vocabulary strategies is pivotal in language development. Implementing semantics strategies in an attempt to expose the relationship between teaching Semantics and improving ELLs’ language skills.
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ASTAFEVA, A. E., and R. S. VALEEVA. "SEMANTICS OF СOLLOCATIONS OF THE "ORGANIC" CONCEPT IN PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH VOCABULARY." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 4, no. 80 (2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2021-80-4-029-034.
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In professional English vocabulary collocations are being formed, the semantics requiring clarification. The subject of the research is the semantic meanings of word-combinations with the “organic” concept, used in the fields of agriculture, construction, business such as organic farming (organic agriculture), organic food; organic architecture; organic grows, organic business, organic business grows. The objective of the study is to identify the individual semantic fields of each group of word-combinations and their common semantic meanings. Research methods-analysis and systematization of semantic meanings of given word-combinations based on foreign language paper, identifying common elements of semantic meanings. Conclusions: the semantic fields of each collocation in professional English vocabulary have been determined. It was revealed that it is due to the presence of the “organic” concept that the collocation acquires the meaning of the adaptability of the professional activity (agriculture, business, construction) to the environment without breaking its balance, environmental friendliness and sustainability; success and prosperity due to harmonizing actions with the environment. The results obtained contribute to the development of linguistics, to the comprehension of professional English-language vocabulary and are useful in the training of translators in the field of professional communication.
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Kotsʹ, Tetiana. "Linguistic expression in the modern information space of Ukraine." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2022.03.025.
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The article analyzes the functioning of language units in today’s information space in the conditions of a large-scale war against Ukrainian statehood. Extraneous factors become decisive in the selection of orthographic, lexical, syntactic, and stylistic means for semantic, evaluative, and figurative juxtaposition of war and peace, foreign and own, enemy and vital national values. Negatively evaluated rational and expressive units form a dictionary of low expression of nominations of the enemy, and positively evaluated — a dictionary of high expression for the verbal expression of phenomena of national resistance in the struggle to preserve one’s own identity. The core of both evaluation paradigms is socio-political vocabulary, which in the context acquires new semantic and stylistic connotations. In the language of mass communication, the processes of creating a new socio-political terminology based on expressive vocabulary take place, and terminology becomes the basic element for the acquisition of an expressive connotation by a word. The basis of creating a journalistic dictionary of linguistic and psychological resistance to war is the stylistic potential of language: epithets, metaphors, comparisons with transparent figurative semantics. The most expressive means in journalistic texts are metaphors, which form a transparent psychological image of the nation in the context of non-verbal factors. Today’s activated language resources enable one of the most important functions of mass communication — the formation of the national-linguistic consciousness of society. Keywords: rational vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, socio-political vocabulary, positively valued units, negatively valued units, semantics, stylistic connotation
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Osmonova, Nargul. "SUPPLEMENTING MODERN KYRGYZ VOCABULARY AND THAIR SEMANTICS." Alatoo Academic Studies 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.222.22.
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The article discusses the issues of neologisms in the Kyrgyz language, and the prerequisites for their appearance, characteristics, role, and meaning. Everything that happens in society is reflected in the language. However, it is important to clarify whether the language changes are “instantaneous or significant”. Among the new words that appear in the language are the situation in society, changes in life on the Internet, the process, emerging videos, applications, medicine, religion, culture, and social situation. It was concluded that the task of the future is to divide these new words into sectors and epochs, to determine their load on the language, to reveal their meaning, and to divide them into groups according to features.
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Худайбердиевна Мухамедова, Саодат, and Солихова Озода Сойибжоновна. "On medium valence in the uzbek language." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/9-13.
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This work examines the types of valence in the Uzbek language. The verb - predicate, on the basis of its valence, at the request of communication, accepts its actants, realizing the semes that make up its semantics. An actant of a certain valency is considered a specific member of the sentence. Thus, valency is the intersection of grammar and vocabulary, syntax and semantics. It is for this reason that it is considered from two points of view, studied by dividing it into two types: semantic valence and syntactic valence. But in the Uzbek language there are other types of valence, for the Uzbek language, being an agglutinative language, like other Turkic languages, has a peculiar structure and semantics. Key words: valency, semantics, compatibility, actant, predicate, sentence model, semantic valency, syntactic valency, valency of the grammatical form of a word, mediated valence
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Iliadi, Alexander. "TYPOLOGY IN SEMANTICS: IRANIAN-SLAVIC SEMASIOLOGICAL PARALLELS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2019, no. 29 (November 2019): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-10.
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The article deals with a topical problem of general semasiology, namely the investigation of phenomenon of semantical development regularity in the vocabulary of two groups into Indo-European genetic family of languages. The approach with regard to analysis of semantics with taking into account of coverage of several lexical-and-semantic systems enables a researcher to imagine a fuller picture about extension of lingual phenomena and gives the solid ground for synthesis. Especially interesting is observing the vocabulary of languages, whose speakers are bearers of different cultures, including cultures and traditions of communication. Typological analogies in semantics of communication of ethnic groups, which have different cultures, indicate either typology of language thinking or implementation of common patterns, which have been formed in the epoch of the Proto-Indo-European language, either language contacts in different times. Lexicon of Iranian and Slavic languages is used as the object of observing because it hasn’t been widely devised in the aspect of its comparative semasiological description and highlighting of typologically common peculiarities in correlation of basic and derivative meanings. Preliminary observing entitles the author to highlight the semasiological parallels: 1) role-play situation when a child should be found on the road as a way to trick death, which hunting down all newborns in the family; 2) conferring of symbolic importance to a knot, tying, which can be taken as an agreement, an oath, a vow for consolidating all subjects of legal relationship; 3) very close link of hand with the idea of help (perhaps, also in ritual sense). Other semasiological parallels: human desire to reflect in lexical semantics the objects of environment by the way of comparison these with body parts; traces of an archaic view on relations between family members through blood, saved in semantics; change verba facere - verba dicere; figurative usage of the verbs with etymological meaning ʻsway, rockʼ as ʻgoʼ, ʻwolk, strollʼ; implementation of semantical potential to denote something useless through caritive prefix and root with meaning ʻcase, thingʼ; change ʻsweep, broomʼ - ʻstealʼ and ʻsweep, broomʼ - ʻchase awayʼ and other.
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Levisen, Carsten. "Postcolonial Semantics." Scandinavian Studies in Language 13, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v13i1.135072.
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“Postcolonial semantics” is the study of meaning and meaning- making in postcolonial contexts, and at the same time, it is a way of articulating and mediating metasemantic critique. In this paper, my aim is to provide a brief overview of postcolonial semantics as an emerging field and approach, focusing on central concepts and analytical scopes.
The theoretical backdrop for the establishment of postcolonial semantics is partly found in the developments of new fields, such as colonial and postcolonial linguistics, postcolonial pragmatics, and decolonial linguistics, and partly in the cognitive and cultural renewals of linguistic semantics. The cognitive cultural semantics to which this special issue is devoted is a conceptual kind of semantics, as opposed to a “realist” (or “referential”) semantics. It is also a semantics of “understanding” (U-semantics), rather than a semantics of “truth” (T-semantics). Synthesizing the overall aims of these movements, we can say that postcolonial semantics is a conceptual and U-semantic approach to the linguacultural complexities that colonial language encounters have brought about, and an approach that combines cultural and critical perspectives. Postcolonial semantics engages critically with the semantic conceptualizations born out of colonial-era linguistic worldviews, especially in the form of a critique of the terminological and conceptual biases that have entered into the frameworks of modern cognitive and social sciences, including Eurocentric and Anglocentric concepts and terminologies that characterize the vocabulary and priorities of modern linguistics.
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Yurtbaşı, Metin. "Building English vocabulary through roots, prefixes and suffixes." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v5i0.39.
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Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is the sum of the basic elements of four skills, namely, reading, writing, speaking and listening effectively. The knowledge of vocabulary words in lexico-semantics, on the other hand, is essential in every grade level, subject area and assessment for every student. In order to improve students’ efficiency in the realm of learning and utilizing them in appropriate instances, we must give them means to decode unfamiliar words through such elements called “affixes” and “roots”. Based on theories of Constructivism and Bloom's Taxonomy, and in the context of teaching all components of a language and arts curriculum, teaching such common roots and affixes is an effective strategy that would secure them a rich vocabulary. This presentation will call attention to an alternative dimension to traditional vocabulary teaching based on giving definitions of words or eliciting or deducing meaning from context. According to this methodology, first an awareness is given to students that the English words are essentially borrowings from other languages mostly with Latin or Greek origins (roots) formed by additions to them by parts (affixes) attached to their front and end. So by guessing the meaning of unknown words by such elements, learners are assumed to grasp the idea of the whole word. This presentation will serve as an introduction to the issue of the nature and functions of word etymology with semantics and lexico-semantics in learning English vocabulary items both for learners and teachers alike. Keywords: semantics, lexico-semantics, affix, prefix, suffix, root.
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Teush, Olga. "The native vocabulary with the semantics of ʻbayʼ in the dialects of the European North of Russia." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2018): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2018.3-4.5.04.
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The article is devoted to vocabulary with the semantics of ʻbayʼ in the dialects of the European North of Russia. All of the identified set of tokens is analyzed from the point of view of the origin of words and their semantic relations; the onomasiological models are interpreted.
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Shliakhova, Galina I. "Lexico-semantic sphere of mentality in poetic texts of Igor-Severyanin." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 63 (2022): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-208-220.
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The paper highlights the development of mental semantics in polysemic words in Igor Severyanin`s poetry. The vocabulary of the mental sphere is studied by Russian and foreign scientists, specialists in the field of semantics and related disciplines, since it is through its use that the worldview of nations and their representatives, native speakers, is reflected in language. Frequent use of a word’s figurative mental meaning in language makes such a lexico-semantic variant (LSV) commonplace, and leads to the fixation of this new seme in the explanatory dictionary. However, fictional (especially poetic) speech is characterized by greater variability of meanings. Via the author's word use in poems, words that do not have a common mental meaning develop a new semantics existing in a specific context. Severyanin is a poet who assigns an important place to the mental sphere vocabulary in his works, which makes them quite illustrative. Some words that do not have a mental seme according to their dictionary meanings acquire it in context and turn out to be the author's means of artistic expression and semantic neologisms. In a number of other cases, the opposite phenomenon is observed: in the context lexemes lose their usual mental meaning.
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ABRUDAN, Cristina-Laura, and Ioana-Claudia HOREA. "TURNING PERCEPTIVE VOCABULARY INTO CONTEXT VOCABULARY IN BUSINESS ENGLISH." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, me 31 (December 2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(2)021.
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Language is made up of five basic components: morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Morphology in linguistics represents the study of the words, how they are formed and their relationship with other words in the same language; phonology involves the rules regarding the structure of the speech sounds and their sequence; syntax is the study of morphemes and how they form larger units; pragmatics involves the rules for appropriate and effective communication; semantics deals with vocabulary and the way concepts are expressed through words. Thus, vocabulary is one of the constituent elements of the language. Words carry meaning and have their own energy representing the building blocks of communication. According to the context they are used in, their meaning differs, therefore, vocabulary acquisition is crucial when talking about English for Specific Purposes, in our situation, Business English. But how is vocabulary acquisition in second language done? Vocabulary building often occurs through reading, however, it is unlikely for the students in foreign language to acquire the basic specific vocabulary through reading. The present paper deals with the strategies a Business English teacher approaches in order to assist students to learn vocabulary as well as to equip them with methods to turn perceptive vocabulary into context vocabulary. How can vocabulary be taught efficiently? How can teacher provide learners the needed input in order to shift vocabulary from input to output? How can teachers introduce vocabulary in order for optimal retention to be ensured? These are some the questions the present paper addresses.
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Zajnuldinov, A. A. "Эмотивная оценочность лексики говоров Кольского полуострова(." Poljarnyj vestnik 1 (February 1, 1998): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1430.
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This article aims at a description of the pragmatic semantics of voca- bulary items (within the contemporary theory of pragmatics based on the works of A. Wierzbicka, L. A. Vygotsky, L. A. Kiseleva, V. N. Telija, etc). We argue the great importance of including emotional evaluative semantics in a lexicographic description.The material used in the investigation is the stock vocabulary in The living speech of Kola Peninsula dialects, edited by I. S. Merkur'ev.Special attention is paid to the structure of emotional evaluative voca- bulary, which can be characterized by certain emotional evaluative mar- kers, combining expressive (connotative) and descriptive semantics. The application of these separated markers (criteria) provides an opportunity to distinguish between certain types of emotional evaluation, and sort out different groups of lexical items, the primary semantics of which refer to certain images of mentality and define secondary emotional evaluations in pejorative and meliorative aspects.The author shows that there exists a clear and obvious connection between cultural and mythological stereotypes, on the one hand, and an ability to express emotional evaluation by special meanings of items, on the other. This is supported by a number of examples and commentaries containing additional pragmatic and semantic analysis.The author assumes that an increased tendency to develop proper evaluative semantics is characteristic of the formation and usage of the vocabulary of these dialects.
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Nsakala, Lengo M., and Lusala D. Matondo. "Approximations in impromptu interlanguage." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 137-138 (January 1, 2002): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.137-138.07nsa.
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Abstract This paper deals with approximations in the impromptu speech of Congolese students of English. The paucity of vocabulary knowledge prompts foreign language learners to fall back on readily accessible resources in spontaneous speech, such as approximations. The latter are characteristic of an elementary stage in target language development, their frequency relatively decreasing with advanced students. Approximations can be accounted for in terms of communication strategies and in the light of semantic findings. In respect of semantics, three categories of approximations are distinguished : superordinate terms, hyponyms, and cohyponyms. Approximations in a foreign language setting may stem from teachers' negative attitude to vocabulary instruction and from learners' inadequate input. Another source is passive vocabulary, which causes retrieval problems. To minimize this situation, teachers must pay particular attention to vocabulary instruction by teaching vocabulary systematically, rather than leaving it to develop independently.
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Ilyina, Elenа N. "Dialect vocabulary with the roots of quantitative semantics in Vologda dialects." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2024-10-1-50-61.
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The article comments on the morphemic and word-formation structure of words with the roots of quantitative semantics on the material of the Dictionary of Vologda Dialects. Models of nominal, verbal and adverbial stems are characterized. The ways and means of forming words with quantitative roots are described, as well as the spectrum of word-forming meanings of derivative dialect words. Against the background of the general Russian patterns of their morphemic and word-formation structure, dialectal differences are revealed regarding the distribution of common Russian roots and affixes, as well as a wider range of their formal and semantic variation. Based on the study of the lexical composition of the nests of qualitative semantics and the structural organization of the dialect words included in them, conclusions are drawn about the specifics of the dialect language picture of the world: its anthropocentricity, pragmatism, traditionality and expressiveness.
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Takazov, Fedar Magometovich. "Theonymic vocabulary of the Ossetian language." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 4396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230667.
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The study aims to identify the semantics of theonyms, both in mythological texts and in everyday speech of the Ossetian language. The study is novel in that it is the first to analyse the use of the terms reflecting the names of sacred characters of the celestial sphere in speech structure. As a result of the study, three layers of the formation of mythological vocabulary in the Ossetian language under the influence of the ancient Iranian, Christian and Caucasian religious and mythological systems were identified. Certain aspects of mythology have already become the object of research, but theonyms as a part of the mythological vocabulary of the Ossetian language are being considered as a precedent phenomenon for the first time. The paper analyzes theonymic vocabulary to showcase the use of the terms reflecting the names of sacred characters of the upper world in speech structure and identifies the semantics of theonyms, both in mythological beliefs and in everyday speech of the Ossetian language. The study found that theonymic terms and their semantics often possess deep symbolic and metaphorical meanings that are difficult to convey in other languages or cultures.
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Maemunah, Emma. "MAKNA KOSAKATA “JATUH” DALAM BAHASA SUNDA DAN BAHASA JAWA." Aksara 29, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v29i2.38.239-252.
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Sundanese and Javanese language derived from the same proto language. There are many similarities in both languages. The similarities are in the form and meaning. This study discusses the form and the meaning of vocabularyof "fall" in Sundanese and Javanese. The aim of this study is to describe the form of "fall" in Sundanese and Javanese as well as the shift of meaning happened to the vocabulary. Using the comparative historical linguistics and semantics, the vocabularyof "fall" will be analyzed qualitatively. The data are list of vocabulary of "fall" in Sundanese and Javanese. Data are qualified in accordance with the objectives to be achieved. The analysis showed that the vocabulary of "fall" of Sundanese and Javanese have similarities, in both form and meaning. In addition, There are also some vocabularies which shifted (expanded and narrowed) and changed the meaning.
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Korolova, Tetiana, and Yuliia Yavorska. "MODAL-EMOTIONAL SEMANTICS AS A PROBLEM OF LITERARY TRANSLATION." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2022, no. 35 (August 2022): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2022-35-6.
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The article has been devoted to the peculiarities and problems of reproduction of modal-emotional semantics. The study is urgent taking into consideration the position of the ambiguity of the phenomenon of modal-emotional semantics, and its representation in the literary text It should be emphasized that the translator faces the difficulty of reproducing an adequate translation of modal-emotional semantics, which can be achieved only under the condition of preserving the author’s content, observing the specifics of emotional vocabulary and using appropriate transformations of the text. The objective of the study is to research and analyse the specifics of modalemotional semantics throughout literary translation. To achieve this goal, the concepts of “emotionality”, “emotionality” and “expressiveness” were characterized, modality was defined as a semantic category, and modal-emotional semantics at different levels of language were considered. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that modality is a universal semantic category actualized by a number of linguistic means. During the analysis of the problem of modal-emotional semantics reproduction, we determined that in a general sense, linguists define the same content of modality with different terms, distinguishing, in addition to adjacent types, semantic types that are different from other classifications
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GANZHA, Anhelina. "SCIENTIFIC PALETTE OF UKRAINIAN LINGUIST NADIIA BOYKO: DECODE ATTEMPT." Culture of the Word, no. 97 (2022): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2022.97.13.
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The article uses the metaphor of “scientific palette” to focus on the reception of the scientific work of Doctor of Philology, Professor Nadiia Ivanivna Boyko. Attention is focused on the innovative research of the famous Ukrainian linguist, summarized in the individual and collective monographs “Ukrainian Expressive Vocabulary: Semantic, Lexicographic and Functional Aspects” (2005), “Mythologemes in the Ukrainian Romantic Space” (2010), “Connotative Lexical Semantics: Intensive and Parametric Components” (2011), “Expressive Potential of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s Idiolect: Lexical and Phraseological Components” (2017); “Expressive Semantics: Discursive Interpretation” (2018), educational, methodological and lexicographic works. Author summed up the results of the study of the semantic and functional peculiarities of the expresctive vocabulary of the Ukrainian literary language, the interpretation of the emotional and appraised shades, the signifi cance of the lexem in the dictionary and the ways of their implementation in the artistic language in the monograph “Ukrainian expressive vocabulary: semantic, lexicographic and functional aspects” (2005). In the monograph “Mythologems in the Ukrainian Romantic Space” (co-author – A.M. Kaidash, 2010) the theoretical principles of understanding the main categories of mythologems are substantiated on the rich factual material from the works of Ukrainian romantic writers. In the scientific work “Conotative lexical semantics: intensive and parametric components” (co-authored with T.L. Khomich, 2011), we discuss the theoretical foundations of studying the intensive and parametric components in the modern linguistic paradigm, the intensive and parametric components in the semantic structure of the connotated word, and about their interaction with other components of the semantics of the connotated lexical units. Monograph “Expressive potential of idiollect of Volodymyr Vynnychenko: lexical and phraseological components” (2017) by N.I. Boiko, L.I. Kotkova is a new comprehension of the linguistic and creative personality of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, which will stimulate the study of idiostyles of Ukrainian writers, comparative study of individually-authored pictures of the world. As a cursory review of N.I. Boyko’s work shows, her research potential is very powerful, and her scientific palette is rich and diverse. In her works, the linguist covers topical issues of the modern existence of language, she is attracted by the complex and unknown, which she manages to study and make close and understandable.
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Pattuelli, Cristina. "Mapping subjectivity: performing people-centered vocabulary alignment." NASKO 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2011): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v3i1.12801.
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This paper describes a mapping of linked data vocabularies in the area of person-related information. Aligning vocabulary terms may help curb the problem of property proliferation that occurs in linked data environments. It also facilitates the process of choosing semantics for vocabulary extensions and integration in the context of linked data applications. Although a work in progress, this investigation would provide support for semantic integration and for knowledge sharing and reuse in the area of personal information representation. It also offers an opportunity to reflect on a new generation of knowledge organization systems such as linked data vocabularies that have started to populate the web and are converging with new representation models and discovery tools in libraries and other cultural heritage institutions.
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Inchaurralde, Carlos. "A Contrastive Study of Lexical Semantics in English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 1, no. 1-2 (1) (October 17, 2005): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2005.1.1-2.072.
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The article presents the initial generalizations of research in the fields of semantics and lexicography which are based on the examination carried out in 1962. Proceeding from the current results of the research, as well as the criteria elaborated in the fields of modern psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics, the article puts forward the idea of the expansion of the lexical semantics in English and the existence of a basic semantic structure. The possibility of further similar researches with the inclusion of the Spanish vocabulary is also emphasized in the article.
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Seyyed Khorasani, Raziyeh sadat, Ali Fathi, and Nayyer Zaki Dizachi. "The Relational Analysis of the term "Ḥaqq" in the Holy Quran." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.973.
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The relational analysis is one of the well-known types of constructivist semantics, which considers the Sense explanation of vocabulary based on the inter-relations of linguistic units. The word Ḥaqq is one of the fundamental key concepts in the Qur'anic worldview, whose semantic domain discovery is very important in the Quran semantic network. Because by discovering the Sense relations of Ḥaqq, its synonym, hyponym and antonym field of vocabulary is drawn, and the position of this concept is determined in the Qur'anic worldview. This research, using descriptive-analytic method, based on the achievements of constructivist semantics, and with the help of semantic components of Ḥaqq, has explained its Sense relations and concluded that Ḥaqq in the holy Qur'an has a hyponym relation with some words such as the Prophet, the Book, and the promise and it has a synonym relation with some words like just and honesty; and it has a polysemy relation with some words like interest and benefit, wājib and tawḥīd. Void, false and obscene are in complementary opposition with Ḥaqq and suspicion, rebellion and oppression are in connotational opposition with the word Ḥaqq.
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Asano, Yu, and Yuzuru Tanaka. "A Vocabulary Building Mechanism based on Lexicographic Semantics for Querying the Semantic Web." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 26 (2011): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.26.248.
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Prokopeva, P. E. "Yukaghir language vocabulary associated with the word Qojl “God”: semantics and formation." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2020): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/72/15.
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The relevance of the theme under consideration is determined by the need to study the traditional worldview of the people, the formation and development of their spiritual knowledge. The paper analyzes the semantic content and the formation of the vocabulary of the Yukaghir language, originating from the word Qojl (qojl), identifies the original semantics of this word, examines the evolution of the religious beliefs of the Yukaghir. The word Qojl (qojl) is associated originally with shamanistic beliefs and was representing the image of the shamanpatron of the family in the traditional culture of the Yukaghir. Later, it came to be referred to the name of the Christian God and to designate icons and saints. In the modern Yukaghir language, the word concerned is used only in the meanings of “God,” “divinity,” “icon,” “saint.” The prevalence of Qojl (qojl)-derived words in the languages of two local Yukaghir groups, the similarity of the structure and meanings of many of the lexemes indicate the archaicity of the word and the presence of a semantic relationship between the original and late sememes. An assumption has been made that the etymology of the ancient root of the word is associated with the concepts of “supernatural,” “sacred,” “divine,” “supreme,” “powerful.” The fact that the word originally comprised the concept of the supernatural and divine determined the expansion of the semantics of the word. Under the influence of Christianity, new words derived from Qojl (qojl), with the semantic content “referring to God,” appear in the Yukaghir language.
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Palchevska, Oleksandra, Iryna Aleksandruk, Oleh Tyshchenko, and Oksana Labenko. "Military slang: Origin, structure and semantics." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 69 (September 30, 2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.69.09.3.
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The humankind has been facing different wars and military conflicts during its existence and development. In the current globalized world, the role of the military is very essential and obvious. Furthermore, military slang in English is of utmost significance due to the leading role of the military from various English-speaking countries. The aim of the following research is to identify and analyze military slangy words and phrases in English; to create the military slang phrases and words corpus; to make their semantic and structural characteristics analyses; and to explain their practical usage context. The methods applied in this research include linguistic analysis, which was utilized in the selection of military slang words and phrases applied in modern English; the word-building analysis, which helped in determining semantics and structural features of military words and phrases utilized in the English language; and linguo-cultural and socio-cultural analyses that allowed giving explanations of the UK and US military traditions, cultures, and vocabulary specific features. The specific characteristics of military slang are dynamism, exaggerated expression, broad usage by the military, and general familiarity. The military slang vocabulary units have the same formation ways typical of general English vocabulary, including meanings transfer (metaphor), abbreviation and acronyms, blending, affixation, conversion, shortening, and compounding.
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Zaluzhna, Olha, and Vladyslava Sokolova. "STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF EMOTIONAL STATES VERBALISATION IN MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY E. GILBERT ‘EAT, PRAY, LOVE’)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 11(79) (September 29, 2021): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-11(79)-68-71.
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The article is devoted to the study of means expressing emotional states in modern English literature discourse, i.e., the novel by E. Gilbert ‘Eat, Pray, Love’. The paper outlines structural and semantic peculiarities of lexical means expressing emotional states based on 163 verbal constructions obtained by continuous sampling from the novel under analysis. Emotional and emotive vocabulary are two adjacent but not identical notions; the term ‘emotive’ belongs to the sphere of linguistics comprising multilevel lingual means of expressing emotions, i.e., a linguistic research focuses on emotive vocabulary where the verb plays a significant role as a meaningful centre of the sentence. Verbalisation of emotional states is performed synthetically (indication of the emotional state is incorporated into the verb semantics) and analytically (emotional state is expressed through an adjective or / and noun semantics which follow the link verb). Emotional states include means of positive, negative, and neutral states. Emotive vocabulary denoting positive emotions comprises 8 emotional states among which are love, gaiety, happiness, satisfaction, excitement, admiration, tranquillity, inspiration, with the units containing semantic component ‘love’ dominating this group and constructions denoting excitement, admiration, tranquillity, and inspiration demonstrating low productivity. Negative emotions include 7 emotional states: fear, grief, anxiety, anger, sadness, rage, anguish, where constructions denoting fear and grief demonstrate the highest productivity, and units denoting anxiety, anger, sadness, rage, and anguish show low productivity.
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Bazarbaevа, G. D. "PRAGMATICS AND SEMANTICS OF THE NEW EUPHEMIC VOCABULARY." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2-2022 (April 30, 2022): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.2.670-675.
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This article considers euphemism as a material for substantiating the concept of interaction between semantics and pragmatics of lexical units in the Kyrgyz and English languages. In the use of euphemisms, age, gender differences, the level of acquaintance of the respondents, their positive or negative reaction to the spoken word are given. At the same time, issues related to property and racial discrimination, death and any phenomenon, ritual, crime, drug addiction, aggressive politics are considered and confirmed by examples.
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Borisova, E. O. "Semantic Reconstruction of Vocabulary with a Speed Value Derived from Verbs of Object Movement." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-8-28-42.
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The article deals with the verbs of moving an object by the subject, developing the semantics of low and high speed of action. The research is mainly based on the vocabulary of Russian folk dialects, but the facts of the literary language are also involved. Several lexical groups are distinguished, within which “speed” meanings can develop, depending on the way of movement indicated by the verbs: without lifting off the ground; by the strength of your movement; by air; appropriation; giving away; putting into something. Within each group, the main models of the development of lexemes with the semantics of speed, determined by the features of the called action, the meaning of affixes and possible associative series are described. It is found that, although the movement of an object by a subject is a fairly extensive lexical group, a limited set of models are presented directly in the designation of speed, which are implemented using synonymous verbs (tyanut’ [pull], tashchit’ [drag] and volochit’ [crawl along]; brosat’ [throw], kidat’ [cast] etc; khvatat’ [grab] etc.). The correlations of the semantics of speed with other semantic fields that arise within the framework of this thematic group are described.
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Zacharakis, Asterios, Konstantinos Pastiadis, and Joshua D. Reiss. "An Interlanguage Study of Musical Timbre Semantic Dimensions and Their Acoustic Correlates." Music Perception 31, no. 4 (December 2012): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.4.339.
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A study of musical timbre semantics was conducted with listeners from two different linguistic groups. In two separate experiments, native Greek and English speaking participants were asked to describe 23 musical instrument tones of variable pitch using a predefined vocabulary of 30 adjectives. The common experimental protocol facilitated the investigation of the influence of language on musical timbre semantics by allowing for direct comparisons between linguistic groups. Data reduction techniques applied to the data of each group revealed three salient semantic dimensions that shared common conceptual properties between linguistic groups namely: luminance, texture, and mass. The results supported universality of timbre semantics. A correlation analysis between physical characteristics and semantic dimensions associated: i) texture with the energy distribution of harmonic partials, ii) thickness (a term related to either mass or luminance) and brilliance with inharmonicity and spectral centroid variation, and iii) F0 with mass or luminance depending on the linguistic group.
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Ageeva, Anastasia V., Lilia R. Abdullin, and Natalia V. Gabdreeva. "Functions and semantics of foreign language beauty vocabulary in the modern Russian language." Russian Language Studies 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2023-21-4-393-405.
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The authors examine the main principles of the vocabulary of the semantic field “Cosmetics and cosmetic products” formation and development in the modern Russian language. The purpose of this study is to describe the functional status and semantic parameters of lexical units of foreign origin in comparison with their prototypes. The relevance of the work is dual: extralinguistic space transformation, the deepening of knowledge about it and the complication of the knowledge structure means the evolution of language systems, where the vocabulary demonstrates the most sensitive reactions and, therefore, higher dynamics. The material of the work included the data form advertising texts and audiovisual documents published in specialized magazines (articles and reviews), as well as users’ comments at beauty forums. The authors followed the system-synergetic model of foreign lexemes in the Russian language compared with their prototypes in the source language. The concept of language contacts is clarified and the main approaches to the typology of foreign vocabulary are provided. The authors establish the most significant differential semes that categorize the vocabulary of the sphere under study and clarify its etymological composition. The types of variability of foreign language units in the beauty vocabulary are described in detail and the wide distribution of these particular variants are explained. Based on a detailed structural analysis of lexical units, the authors draw conclusions about the productivity of some morphological ways of forming new words, such as suffixation and composition. The study also reveals the increasing frequency of the so-called phraseological (or combinability) calquing. A comparative component analysis of the meaning of a foreign word in Russian and its prototype identified ascending trends in semantics within the framework of the studied layer: the functioning of semantic rows where logical-hierarchical paradigms are built.
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Sriana, Sriana. "TERJEMAHAN KOLOKASI AL-QUR’AN DEPAG." AL-MIKRAJ : Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN: 2745-4584) 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v1i1.488.
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The Indonesian Ministry of Religion collocation translation published in 1965 requires an additional touch of meaning and more explanation, so that it is easily understood by the target reader represented by two languages namely the meaning of the collocation of the source language of the Qur'an that is not a cultural product, so that it follows the steps of analysis using semantics al-Qur'an developed by Toshihiko Izutsu. Al-Qur'an semantics according to Izutsu is an attempt to reveal the world view of the Qur'an (weltanschauung) through semantic analysis of vocabulary or key terms of the Qur'an.
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Diachuk, Vira. "SEMANTIC CONCEPT SPACE AS A SOURCE OF ITS CONTENT INTERPRETATION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 31 (2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2022.31.03.
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It has been acknowledged that concept consists of verbal and semantic spaces. Verbal space represents concept in speech when semantic space keeps all its meanings. The purpose of this research is to analyze the semantic concept space as a system of meanings. Also, it aims to represent role and significance of the semantic concept space for concept and linguistic world-image investigations, that declares main points of national worldview. Using theoretical, synthesis, descriptive and comparative methods, this study analyzes the structure of semantic concept space and also explores its distinguishing characteristics. In addition, a review of the literature shows main issues of the correlation between semantics and culture. The results of this study describe the principles of semantic concept space internal organization. They show that the semantic concept space is formed by semantic fields which are vocabulary groups, combined by common content, conceptual, subject or functional similarity of their phenomena. The semantic field reflects the content of the concept, reveals the degree of the word cultural semantics "antiquity". In addition, it represents the process and principles of surrounding reality cognition, because semantics is closely related to the process of naming, which is carried out at different stages of cognitive processing. The basis of the denotation nomination is its one or more relevant features that differ the denotation from other similar ones. This study definitely answers the questions regarding the correlation between semantics and ethnos worldview, semantics and nomination principles. The detailed analysis of semantic concept space makes it possible to understand linguistic world-image peculiarities and principles of a cultural phenomenon assessment.
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Kurenkova, Tatyana Nikolaevna, and Tatyana Vladimirovna Strekaleva. "Micro-field “Alcohol” of the lexico-semantic field “Food” in the novel “The Rebel Angels” by Robertson Davies." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240043.
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The aim of the study is to determine the structure, composition and interaction of lexical units in the lexico-semantic field “Food” in the novel “The Rebel Angels” by Robertson Davies as exemplified by the micro-field “Alcohol”. The study is original in that it is the first in linguistics to use a field approach to examine the vocabulary with the semantics of food based on the material of R. Davies’s work “The Rebel Angels”, which contributes to the detailed differentiation of special terminology related to the topic of “food” in the English language. As a result, the vocabulary with the semantics of food was identified in the text of the novel, its repetitions were eliminated. The remaining 482 lexical units formed the lexico-semantic field “Food”, consisting of 2 large micro-fields “Foods” and “Drinks”. The micro-field “Foods” is divided into 2 large micro-fields “Dishes” and “Receiving guests”. The micro-field “Drinks” contains 2 micro-fields: “Drinks proper” and “At a drinking establishment”. The micro-field “Alcohol”, which is a part of the micro-field “Drinks proper”, was analyzed in detail, distinctive features within the micro-field were revealed, its structure was presented.
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Voloshynova, M. "POLISSYA AND SLOBODA LEXICAL PARALLELS (A CASE TUDY OF THE NAMES OF DISHES AND KITCHEN UTENSILS)." Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, no. 1(96) (September 6, 2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.1(96).2022.42-51.
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The article raises a topical problem of intercultural communication. On the basis of the vocabulary of the names of dishes and kitchen utensils, recorded in 61 dialects in the territory of the Eastern Sloboda, and the included in the register of three dialect dictionaries of Polissya, a structural-semantic analysis of the common and distinctive features of the ancient and the new dialectal continuum has been carried out.
It is noted that intercultural relations have repeatedly become the subject to many scientific studies. In articles devoted to this issue, scientists focus on the identification and functioning of lexical parallels in adjacent or distant dialect systems. On the example of various thematic groups, scientists consider the semantic relations of the vocabulary of comparable dialects, the features of the creation of the identified parallel representatives, and track their specific features.
In a comparative analysis of the declared segments of the vocabulary, it was found that it can be conditionally divided into several groups, which include semantically identical names; lexemes with close meaning; demonstrators with different semantic content. It has been established that the names recorded in the Eastern Sloboda dialects are often associated with the names characteristic of the Polissya dialect area, with variance relations. Thus, numerous cases of lexical parallels have been traced, the representatives of which with common semantics do not have differences in the formal structure. However, sometimes units with identical semantics may differ in phonetic, grammatical, and word-formation features. Occasionally, there are cases when the demonstrators of the semes in question demonstrate both semantic differences and differences in formal design.
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Bugaeva, I. V. "Typology of Religious Vocabulary in Dialects of Old Believers of Latin America." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-1-9-27.
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The study is devoted to the religious vocabulary in the dialects of the Old Believers in order to identify confessional and dialectal characteristics. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a description of the religious vocabulary of the Old Believers-chapels of Latin America is carried out. A review of scientific literature has been carried out, which describes various aspects of the study of the religious vocabulary of the Russian language, including dialects. The relevance of the work is due to the need for theoretical comprehension and differentiation of the concepts of “religious vocabulary” and “confessional vocabulary”. The author’s definition of the term “religious vocabulary” as a hyperonym in relation to the terminology related to the sphere of religion is given. The material was written texts of the Old Believer Danila Zaitsev. Semantic and contextual analysis, comparative analysis of the semantics of Old Believer religious terminology relative to Christian terminology, as well as the linguo-theological method were selected as research methods. A new approach to the classification of religious vocabulary is proposed. It is concluded that four groups are distinguished in the vocabulary of Old Believer’s dialects: common vocabulary in a religious sense; common Christian vocabulary in confessional discourse; confessional vocabulary as a marker of a specific confession; confessional and dialectal vocabulary in Old Believer dialects.
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Khosrovyan, Karina S. "Semantics of the Lexeme khram in Language and Text (Based on Russian Orthodox Sermons)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v066.
Full textAbstract:
This article scrutinizes the semantic structure of the lexeme khram (‘church’) in the Russian language. The paper is relevant due to the need to describe and analyse key lexemes in the Russian linguistic worldview. A special place among such units is occupied by religious words, including khram. Russian linguists’ turning to religious vocabulary elucidates the value of these words, which for a long time had been banned for well-known reasons. Currently, religious vocabulary is studied in different aspects: the history of individual words; the development of the semantics of specific lexemes and their functioning in various texts; the linguistic and cultural features of using religiously marked language units; religious concepts playing an important role in shaping the linguistic worldview, etc. In this paper, using the descriptive method and the comparative analysis of lexicographic sources and texts of sermons, the author characterized some peculiarities of the semantics of khram. The research showed that this word’s semantics is not confined to the meanings found in dictionary entries, which are clear and comprehensible to all members of a certain speech community. Noteworthy, linguoculturological information is not included in dictionary definitions. At the same time, a word belonging to the religious sphere is connected with a whole range of religious and cultural meanings. By studying the functioning of the lexeme khram in the texts we can trace the changes in its meanings and semantic content.
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Sintowati Rini Utami and Reni Nur Eriyani. "Vocabulary Language and Discourse Competence as a Model for Semantic Course Syllabus in Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program." Aksis : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/060102.
Full textAbstract:
This study will develop a syllabus model for the Indonesian Semantics course in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. This research is part of research on the syllabus model for the Indonesian Semantics course in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. Preliminary research, analyzing the syllabus of Sematic courses from several universities that teach the same study. The description of the study material for the Semantics course is based on a descriptive analysis with a content analysis study of the various contents of the study material in the Indonesian semantic syllabus in several Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Programs. The results of this content analysis describe the study material for the scope of the Semantics course in the syllabus, namely the general concept of meaning (38%) and the definition of meaning (37%); types of lexical meaning (62%), the concept of relation meaning synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms (40%); the concept of the meaning component (14%); the concept of the meaning field (67%); the concept of changing meaning (50%), implicit semantic and syntactic compatibility (50%), semantic and pragmatic compatibility are not explicitly studied (100%); based on Semantic study materials as linguistic vocabulary that are less espouse towards diction mastery and vocabulary teaching are predicted to show less espouse for the formation of discourse competence (30%). Discourse competence is the pedagogic goal of semantic concept study materials as linguistic vocabulary.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini akan mengembangkan model silabus mata kuliah Semantik Bahasa Indonesia di Prodi Pendididkan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Penelitian ini sebagai bagian rangkaian penelitian model silabus mata kuliah Semantik Bahasa Indonesia di Prodi Pendididkan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Penelitian awal, menganalisis silabus mata kuliah Semantik dari beberapa perguruan tinggi yang mengajarkan kajian yang sama. Deskripsi bahan kajian mata kuliah Semantik didasarkan pada analisis deskriptif dengan kajian content analysis terhadap berbagai isi bahan kajian dalam silabus semantik bahasa Indonesia yang ada di beberapa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Fokus dan objek penelitian berkenaan dengan aspek kebahasaaan kosakata berdasarkan kajian semantik. Hasil analisis isi ini mendeskripsikan bahan kajian ruang lingkup mata kuliah Semantik dalam silabus adalah konsep umum makna (38%) dan definisi makna (37%); jenis makna leksikal (62%), konsep relasi makna sinonim, antonim, hiponim (40%); konsep komponen makna (14%); konsep medan makna (67%); konsep perubahan makna (50%), kesesuaian semantik dan sintaksis secara implisit (50%), kesesuaian semantik dan pragmatik tidak dijadikan bahan kajian secara eksplisit (100%); berdasarkan bahan kajian semantic sebagai kebahasaan kosakata yang kurang mendukung ke arah penguasaan diksi dan pengajaran kosakata diprediksi menunjukkan kurang mendukung pembentukan kemahirwacanaan (30%). Kemahirwacanaan adalah tujuan pedagogik dari bahan kajian konsep semantik sebagai kebahasaan kosakata.
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Golev, Nikolay D. "Lexicographizing as a Method of Describing Vocabulary: Revisiting the Theoretical Legacy of Olga Blinova." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 21 (2021): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/21/1.
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The article develops the idea formulated by Olga Iosifovna Blinova, professor of Tomsk State University, according to which lexicography is one of the methods of studying vocabulary. The material of the study included: (1) theoretical works by Olga Blinova, (2) her lexicographic works, (3) lexicographic experiments of the author of the article and their theoretical understanding, (4) works of other authors on related issues. The main research method used in the article is a comparison of concepts and principles of their implementation in different authors to identify the features of Blinova’s lexicographic theory and practice. The author interprets lexicographizing of a word as a specific approach to the description of its semantics, as a way of its modeling, which consists in its discretization – transformation of continuous semantic space of the language into notional quanta, clots of meaning. In the study, this method is contrasted with other methods of language modeling found in applied language descriptions: in the methods of language teaching, in translation and in compilation of computer programs on a linguistic basis in particular. Much attention is paid to the concept of lexical parameterization, which occurs in the process of lexicographic modeling of the semantic reality of the language. The most important principle of semantics modeling is the parameterization of the meaning of a word and vocabulary in general. The article discusses the features of parameterization in explanatory dictionaries against the background of their opposition to other types of dictionaries: encyclopedic, motivational dictionaries, dictionaries of everyday interpretations of words and frequency dictionaries. To identify these features, the definitions of words in explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries are analyzed. Such important trends in modern lexicography as overcoming the absolutization of the discreteness of semantics and its simplified definition are analyzed. The article explores the tendency of lexicography to an antropocentric modeling of semantics in dictionaries, a particular manifestation of which is the representation of the content of a word as a conceptual content. In more detail, the article highlights the specifics of the motivational dictionary – one of the main lexicographic works by Blinova, who developed the concept of this type of dictionary and implemented it in practice by creating the Motivational Dialect Dictionary. The final section of the article analyzes Blinova’s idea about the possibility of implementing a project of a complex dictionary, in which the meaning of each word is considered in the mirror of a set of parameters which together give a systematic idea of the functioning, semantics and linguistic connections of the word. The article draws conclusions about the role of Blinova’s theoretical heritage for semasiology, dialectology and lexicography of the Russian language.
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CAN, DILARA DENIZ, MARIKA GINSBURG-BLOCK, ROBERTA MICHNICK GOLINKOFF, and KATHRYN HIRSH-PASEK. "A long-term predictive validity study: Can the CDI Short Form be used to predict language and early literacy skills four years later?" Journal of Child Language 40, no. 4 (July 31, 2012): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091200030x.
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ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study examined the predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories-Short Form (CDI-SF), a parent report questionnaire about children's language development (Fenson, Pethick, Renda, Cox, Dale & Reznick, 2000). Data were first gathered from parents on the CDI-SF vocabulary scores for seventy-six children (mean age=1 ; 10). Four years later (mean age=6 ; 1), children were assessed on language outcomes (expressive vocabulary, syntax, semantics and pragmatics) and code-related skills, including phonemic awareness, word recognition and decoding skills. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that early expressive vocabulary accounted for 17% of the variance in picture vocabulary, 11% of the variance in syntax, and 7% of the variance in semantics, while not accounting for any variance in pragmatics in kindergarten. CDI-SF scores did not predict code-related skills in kindergarten. The importance of early vocabulary skills for later language development and CDI-SF as a valuable research tool are discussed.