Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Semantics and vocabulary'
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Bird, Helen. "Processing categories of vocabulary in aphasia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299636.
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Coleman, Julie Margaret. "Love, sex and marriage : an historical study of English vocabulary." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/love-sex-and-marriage--an-historical-study-of-english-vocabulary(8cfc9358-8293-4c85-97c9-4e1849693b79).html.
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Brusnighan, Stephen M. "The Role of Semantics in Orthographic and Phonological Learning." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1429563014.
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Moore, Chesney C. "Causes of the noun bias in early vocabulary development." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5749.
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Thesis (M.H.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2008" Includes bibliographical references.
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Johnston, Patricia Gwen. "Maranao vocabulary of moral failure and rectification." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Cline, Amber. "Assessment of Academic Vocabulary in Early Adolescents Using a Novel Sampling Method." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3117.
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The current study examined a method of language sampling (the Dixit Method- Science, Math, Engineering, Arts, and Math) in early adolescents with typically developing language. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the DM-STEAM in eliciting lexically sophisticated spoken language samples in the early adolescent population. To examine lexical sophistication, traditional measures of analysis such as mean length of utterance (MLU) and average type token ratio (AVG TTR) were applied along with a measure of low frequency vocabulary. To compare performance on the DM-STEAM, school standardized assessments were obtained to measure student skill in academic content areas. Twenty-two student participants in the sixth grade (11 years to 12 years 11 months) were recruited from a local elementary school. The data was evaluated using a paired tailed t test and a path analysis test. Although the sample size is small, results from the study indicate the DM-STEAM elicits low frequency academic vocabulary in early adolescent populations.
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Pierro, Melissa A. "Vocabulary Comprehension in Children with Autism." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/862.
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An open question in autism research is how to assess language abilities in this population. We investigated language development in monolingual and bilingual children with varying degrees of autism, ages 3 to 9, with the aim of better understanding vocabulary comprehension. Two different methodologies were used: the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (ROWPVT) and eye-tracker technique.
We examined whether the eye-tracker could help in the assessment of these children because it does not require the child to point during the test. Four typically developing control children, 14 monolingual English children with moderate/mild autism, and 4 children (2 monolingual English, 2 bilingual Spanish/English) with severe autism were tested and the results of the ROWPVT test were compared to the eye-tracker results. Interestingly, bilingual children with severe autism had better results using eye-tracker than the traditional ROWPVT test. These results suggest that these children know more vocabulary than traditional test measures indicate.
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Swan, Karen Esther. "Borrowing the Essentials: A Diachronic Study of the Semantic Primes of Modern English." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4249.
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In order for communication to take place, there must be a set of core concepts that are universal to all speakers. Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) has proposed an inventory of these concepts, called semantic primes, and uses them as universal concepts in the explication and exploration of cultural values. The English semantic primes, while the majority are Anglo-Saxon, contain words that have been borrowed from Latin, Old Norse, and French. Borrowing lexical items into core vocabulary has many implications. First, the primes are not entirely stable or immune to foreign influence, even the Anglo-Saxon primes have been susceptible to the processes of language change. Second, the primes do not reflect the trends of borrowing in English as a whole. And finally, because the primes are core vocabulary, this study opens up a new aspect of English as a mixed language.
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Fredricks, Sharon. "The Effectiveness of Semantic Mapping on Reading Comprehension." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4667.
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It is the goal of all reading instructors to use techniques that will enhance reading comprehension. This is certainly no less so in the second language classroom. Studies have shown that readers possess schemata for text structure that is activated during the reading process. It has also been shown that a reader's textual schemata may be culturally influenced and that second language students may possess textual schemata that conflicts or interferes with the structure of the text making comprehension more difficult. For this reason, second language learners may benefit from explicit instruction in text structure and content relationships. Semantic mapping is a text organization strategy which may be used to explicate text structure and content relationships with both expository prose and fiction. The purpose of this study was to use semantic mapping to explicate the structure and content of short fiction and to measure the effect, if any, on comprehension. For the purposes of this study, comprehension was defined two ways: (1) recognition comprehension, which is the ability to retain and recall factual detail from text content, and (2) comprehension as evidenced by the use of certain critical thinking skills, i.e., elaboration and supplementation in forming written responses. Two hypotheses were posed: 1. The use of semantic mapping will result in an increase in recognition comprehension by a treatment group of English as a second language readers using a semantic mapping strategy, as compared to a control group using an advance organizer, based on a combination multiple choice and true/ false quiz. 2. The use of semantic mapping will result in greater use of elaboration and supplementation by a treatment group of English as a second language readers using a semantic mapping strategy, as compared to a control group using an advance organizer, based on an analysis of a quiz requiring written responses. In order to determine the results of this study, .t-tests were used to compare the mean scores between groups. In the case of recognition comprehension, the group receiving the treatment, semantic mapping, did score significantly higher than the control group. In the case of comprehension, as evidenced by the use of elaborations and supplementations in written responses, the group which used semantic mapping showed a higher level of use, but the difference was not statistically significant. A Mann-Whitney U test ranked the subjects' scores individually on an ordinal scale and then compared the means between groups. In the case of elaborations the treatment group showed a significantly higher level of use. However, there was no corresponding significant difference in the case of supplementations.
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Wiklund, Staffan. "Våtmarksord i lulemålen : en ordgrupp sedd ur informant- och intervjuarperspektiv." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Litteraturvetenskap och nordiska språk, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67929.
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The grass of wetlands in northern Sweden has been utilized for mowing and pasture even in our time. There are a large number of words and expressions, expecially in the dialects, to denote and describe the various types of wetlands.The chief aim of the thesis is to investigate some 40 wetland terms in a limited area - the old parish of Luleå, Norrbotten, in northern Sweden - in order to establish their distribution, meanings and use. The aim of the study is also to illustrate different semantic aspects, such as semantic features, semantic fields, the relationship between common nouns and place-names, as well as explanations based on the appearance of the wetlands. The material consists of words that derive from archives, the literature on the subject and interviews with 43 informants, and has been supplemented with studies of the wetlands themselves.Three semantically similar words, drävj, dröla and dovei, are scrutinized and compared with reference to their frequency and distribution, position, humidity, vegetation, form and depth of the ground. To illustrate the relationship between words and referents the author investigates what words are used about (small) muddy pools in a swamp (mire) and about the dry parts of a swamp (in technical language called flarkar and strängar, respectively). The words drävj and dröla are compared with five other words for 'depression/hollow' etc. and 'small pool' etc. Similarities and differences are illustrated in three figures on the basis of criteria like depression/hollow, humidity and size. The words are often explained with reference to special places in the area or to adjacent places, the names of which contain the word in question. With two pairs of words as examples, grande and skärpa, and drävj and dröla, respectively, the author investigates the meanings of the words and their referents and the explanatory strategies of the informants.The author stresses the dependence of word explanations and the learning of words on their contexts and functional situations. This aspect is illustrated in a chapter which summerizes how the author's semantic views of dövel, dröla and drävj have been formed. This is done with reference to the so-called prototype theory.digitalisering@umu
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Bassani, Priscila Karine Lima. "O estudo do léxico nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa : estratégias de ensino e reflexões sobre a prática docente /." Assis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192614.
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Orientador: Giovanna LongoResumo: Este trabalho é composto por pesquisa bibliográfica voltada para o ensino lexical nas aulas de língua portuguesa. Através dos estudos realizados, podemos perceber que a questão lexical, apesar da sua importância, não é considerada um tema relevante nas salas de aula, tornando-se marginalizada no ensino. Há tempos, o estudo voltado para a gramática tem ficado em primeiro lugar nas aulas de língua materna, pois de acordo com os conceitos culturais impostos por nossa sociedade, só se fala bem o idioma se se conhece impecavelmente a gramática. No aprofundamento das leituras e no acompanhamento pedagógico, nota-se essa errônea ideia. Havendo uma imensa gama de variedades linguísticas e possibilidades semânticas, conhecer a gramática, nada mais é que conhecer a norma padrão instituída pela escrita, ignorando a pluralidade e mutabilidade do idioma como patrimônio cultural. Percebe-se, portanto, a necessidade urgente de mudança nas nossas práticas didáticas, introduzindo textos e dicionários, focando o estudo lexical, mas não de uma forma irrelevante e pouco significativa, mas sim de maneira a levar o discente a perceber sua língua como algo vivo, em constante modificação, tendo a habilidade de buscar no acervo lexical a melhor maneira de representar-se no mundo e poder ver-se como sujeito deste mundo
Abstract: This paper is comprised of a bibliographical study focusing on lexical teachings for the Portuguese language as a school subject. Through this research it was possible to ascertain that the lexical aspect of the Portuguese language is not considered a relevant topic in classes, despite its importance, marginalizing it in the education. For a long time now, grammar has had the utmost importance when teaching Portuguese because of cultural beliefs: in order to speak proper Portuguese you need to flawlessly know its grammar. With further reading on the subject as well as pedagogic supervision this is evidenced to be untrue. Having a broad array of linguistics variants and semantic possibilities, knowing grammar is - essentially - knowing the standard norm established by written Portuguese while ignoring the pluralism and mutability of the Portuguese language, its cultural heritage. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a necessity for changes in the teaching practices by introducing texts and dictionaries focusing on lexical studies in a relevant and significant manner so as to have the student perceive the Portuguese language as being alive and in constant change, giving them the ability to seek in its lexical collection the best way to present themselves and feel like they belong.
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Spezzano, Luisa Carmen. "Estudo da habilidade de nomeação de objetos e verbos - análise dos tipos de erros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-19042013-115603/.
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A nomeação constitui uma das tarefas mais importantes no processamento da linguagem. A nomeação de diferentes categorias semânticas e gramaticais diverge em suas propriedades lexicais e possui substratos neuroanatômicos distintos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos caracterizar as alterações de nomeação de sujeitos com afasia, comparando-os aos sujeitos sem alteração de linguagem e estabelecer relações da tipologia de resposta na tarefa de nomeação de verbos e de substantivos em afásicos. A amostra foi composta por indivíduos divididos em dois grupos: GC e GP. O GC foi constituído de 95 sujeitos sem alteração de linguagem, com média de idade de 56,7 anos (15,4) e escolaridade de 9,3 anos (4,4). O GP foi constituído por 33 afásicos, subdividido em não fluentes (GNF) e fluentes (GF). No GNF foram avaliados 17 sujeitos com média de idade de 65,5 anos (14) e escolaridade de 8,2 anos (6,4). No GF foram avaliados 16 sujeitos com média de idade de 60,5 anos (16,7) e escolaridade de 11,5 anos (7,6). O teste utilizado foi a bateria inglesa An Object and Action Naming Battery (Bateria de Nomeação de Objetos e Verbos - BNOV). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de afásicos no número de acertos para substantivos e verbos (p<0,001). O número de acertos para a nomeação de substantivos é maior do que para verbos no GNF enquanto o número de acertos para a nomeação de verbos é maior no GF. Os sujeitos do GNF apresentaram como tipo de resposta desviante mais frequente a \"complementação por gesto\", seguido dos tipos xiii \"hiperônimo\" e \"componente\" na nomeação de substantivos e \"erros de associação\", \"co-hipônimo\", e \"substantivo relacionado\", na nomeação de verbos. Os sujeitos do GF apresentaram como tipo de resposta desviante mais frequente o \"neologismo\", seguido de \"parafasia fonêmica\" e \"circunlóquios\" para a nomeação de substantivos e \"neologismo\", \"erros fonológicos\" e \"circunlóquios\" para verbos.Naming is one of the most important functions in language processing. The naming of different semantic and grammatical categories diverge in their lexical properties and possess distinct neuroanatomical substrates. This study aims at characterizing the naming alterations and types of errors of aphasic individuals in a verbs and nouns naming. The sample was composed of subjects divided into two groups: GC and GP. The GC consisted of 95 subjects with no language impairment, with the mean age of 56.7 years (15.4) and schooling of 9.3 years (4.4). The GP comprised 33 aphasic patients, subdivided into non fluent (GNF) and fluent (GF). In the GNF, 17 subjects with the mean age of 65.5 years (14) and schooling of 8.2 years (6.4) were evaluated. In the GF, 16 subjects with the mean age of 60.5 years (16.7) and 11.5 years of schooling (7.6) were evaluated. The test used was the English battery An Object and Action Naming Battery. There were statistically significant differences between the aphasic groups as to the number of correct answers for nouns and verbs (p <0.001). The number of correct answers in the naming task for nouns was higher than for verbs in the GNF, while the number of correct answers in the naming of verbs was higher in the GF. The most frequent type of error presented by the GNF presented \"complementation by gesture\", followed by \"hyperonym\" and \"component\" in the naming of nouns and \"association errors\", \"hyponym\", and \"related noun\" in the naming of verbs. The most frequent type of error presented by the GF was \"neologism\", followed by \"phonemic paraphasia\" and \"circumlocutions\" in the naming of nouns and \"neologism\", \"phonological errors\" and \"circumlocutions\" for verbs.
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Cregan, Anne Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Weaving the semantic web: Contributions and insights." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42605.
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The semantic web aims to make the meaning of data on the web explicit and machine processable. Harking back to Leibniz in its vision, it imagines a world of interlinked information that computers `understand' and `know' how to process based on its meaning. Spearheaded by the World Wide Web Consortium, ontology languages OWL and RDF form the core of the current technical offerings. RDF has successfully enabled the construction of virtually unlimited webs of data, whilst OWL gives the ability to express complex relationships between RDF data triples. However, the formal semantics of these languages limit themselves to that aspect of meaning that can be captured by mechanical inference rules, leaving many open questions as to other aspects of meaning and how they might be made machine processable. The Semantic Web has faced a number of problems that are addressed by the included publications. Its germination within academia, and logical semantics has seen it struggle to become familiar, accessible and implementable for the general IT population, so an overview of semantic technologies is provided. Faced with competing `semantic' languages, such as the ISO's Topic Map standards, a method for building ISO-compliant Topic Maps in the OWL DL language has been provided, enabling them to take advantage of the more mature OWL language and tools. Supplementation with rules is needed to deal with many real-world scenarios and this is explored as a practical exercise. The available syntaxes for OWL have hindered domain experts in ontology building, so a natural language syntax for OWL designed for use by non-logicians is offered and compared with similar offerings. In recent years, proliferation of ontologies has resulted in far more than are needed in any given domain space, so a mechanism is proposed to facilitate the reuse of existing ontologies by giving contextual information and leveraging social factors to encourage wider adoption of common ontologies and achieve interoperability. Lastly, the question of meaning is addressed in relation to the need to define one's terms and to ground one's symbols by anchoring them effectively, ultimately providing the foundation for evolving a `Pragmatic Web' of action.
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Chiu, Chia-Hui. "Semantic development in ESL vocabulary acquisition." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3247996.
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Skeppstedt, Maria. "Extracting Clinical Findings from Swedish Health Record Text." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-109254.
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Information contained in the free text of health records is useful for the immediate care of patients as well as for medical knowledge creation. Advances in clinical language processing have made it possible to automatically extract this information, but most research has, until recently, been conducted on clinical text written in English. In this thesis, however, information extraction from Swedish clinical corpora is explored, particularly focusing on the extraction of clinical findings. Unlike most previous studies, Clinical Finding was divided into the two more granular sub-categories Finding (symptom/result of a medical examination) and Disorder (condition with an underlying pathological process). For detecting clinical findings mentioned in Swedish health record text, a machine learning model, trained on a corpus of manually annotated text, achieved results in line with the obtained inter-annotator agreement figures. The machine learning approach clearly outperformed an approach based on vocabulary mapping, showing that Swedish medical vocabularies are not extensive enough for the purpose of high-quality information extraction from clinical text. A rule and cue vocabulary-based approach was, however, successful for negation and uncertainty classification of detected clinical findings. Methods for facilitating expansion of medical vocabulary resources are particularly important for Swedish and other languages with less extensive vocabulary resources. The possibility of using distributional semantics, in the form of Random indexing, for semi-automatic vocabulary expansion of medical vocabularies was, therefore, evaluated. Distributional semantics does not require that terms or abbreviations are explicitly defined in the text, and it is, thereby, a method suitable for clinical corpora. Random indexing was shown useful for extending vocabularies with medical terms, as well as for extracting medical synonyms and abbreviation dictionaries.
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Rose, Tony Gerard. "Large vocabulary semantic analysis for text recognition." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333961.
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Beebe, Caroline. "Bridging the semantic gap : exploring descriptive vocabulary for image structure /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3234479.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-09, Section: A, page: 3205. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 30, 2008). Adviser: Elin K. Jacob.
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McKenna, Michelle Bena. "Improving Student Art Vocabulary Retention." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1543.
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The purpose of this investigation was to research vocabulary strategies that could help improve student art vocabulary retention. The subjects were five intact 3rd grade classes at a culturally diverse elementary school outside of Washington, DC. The vocabulary strategies, concept wheel and semantic mapping, were modified and incorporated into a string printmaking unit for two of the five classes. The remaining three classes were taught the same printmaking unit, with the exclusion of the modified vocabulary activities. The results of a labeling assessment given to each class on three separate occasions indicate that the incorporation of vocabulary activities does help students retain art vocabulary. Possible modifications of multiple proven vocabulary strategies for use in an art classroom setting are discussed.
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Al-Jabri, Sameer S. "The effects of semantic and thematic clustering on learning English vocabulary by Saudi students." Open access to IUP's electronic theses and dissertations, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/52.
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Palmer, Shekeila Daisy. "The role of episodic and semantic memory in learning new vocabulary." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574582.
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This thesis investigates the process of vocabulary acquisition during adulthood. A series of experiments are presented which examine the way in which novel words become established in memory, and the different factors that influence this process. Experiments 1 and 2 explore the way in which the two languages of a bilingual are interconnected when the speaker has already achieved proficiency in their L2. These experiments provided neurophysiological evidence that the connections between words and concepts in bilingual memory are asymmetric in nature. Since these asymmetries are thought to arise from the way in which language is learned, experiments 3 and 4 explored how different learning strategies lead to qualitative differences in the way in which vocabulary is represented and demonstrated that direct links between novel words and existing concepts are more likely to form when participants are taught to associate novel words with pictures rather than with translation equivalents. It was also found that the AoA of the concept influences how easily a new translation is acquired and subsequently processed. Given that novel words do not always have translation equivalents in the Ll, experiment 5 examined semantic processing of novel words learnt by definition. It was observed that learners acquire the meanings of concrete words more easily than abstract words, and, after only a single learning session, N400 concreteness effects elicited by recently acquired concepts were comparable to those elicited by long-established representations. Finally, experiment 6 examined how newly acquired word representations change after a period of consolidation. Following extensive training on a number of novel and familiar words participants performed a recognition memory task immediately, and the following day. ERP responses revealed dissociation in the way in which memory for novel and familiar words changes over time. Familiar words were characterised by a pattern of overall loss, while recollection reposes to novel words actually increased over time. The theoretical significance of these findings is discussed, along with directions for future research.
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Mohamed, Nermin Nashaat Fahmy. "Semantic sequencing in foreign language vocabulary learning : implications for language teaching." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/4ef383ff-dfd2-4880-abd9-3cc3d2c9c011.
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Quigley, June R. (June Richfield). "A Semantic Field Approach to Passive Vocabulary Acquisition for Advanced Second Language Learners." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500401/.
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Current ESL instructors and theorists agree that university students of ESL have a need for a large passive vocabulary. This research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a semantic field approach to passive vocabulary acquisition in comparison to a traditional approach. A quantitative analysis of the short-term and long-range results of each approach is presented. Future research and teaching implications are discussed. The outcome of the experimentation lends tentative support to a semantic field approach.
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Laing, Emma Claire. "Phonological and semantic factors in children's acquisition of a sight vocabulary in reading." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10811/.
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Thornton, Freda J. "A classification of the semantic field good and evil in the vocabulary of English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1032/.
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The central part of this thesis (chapter 3) consists of a classification of 9071 lexical items comprising the semantic field Good and Evil. This classified semantic field, with minor alterations, will form part of the Historical Thesaurus of English currently being compiled in the English Language Department of Glasgow University. Some significant features of the Good and Evil classification system, devised and explained in this thesis, have also been adopted by the Historical Thesaurus. Chapter 1 places the thesis in a wider academic context. It explains briefly the Historical Thesaurus project, and describes how the classification of Good and Evil contributes to this. It also relates the thesis to linguistics, semantics, and especially to semantic theory, lexicography, and semantic classification. Chapter 2 defines the semantic field Good and Evil and discusses how the field was assembled. It provides details of those areas which were either rejected or extended in order to form the semantic field. It then describes in some detail the classification system devised for Good and Evil. The structure of the classification is explained, the use of the parts of speech as a valuable classificatory device is justified, and the contribution of other classificatory work is acknowledged. The chapter also discusses some particular problems and features of the Old English corpus. It ends with lists of stylistic and other conventions. Chapter 3 contains the Good and Evil classification, and chapter 4 consists of detailed notes on the classification. These notes discuss points relating to dating. Old English material, classificatory devices, closely connected categories, and some problems of dictionary definitions, among other things. Chapter 5 conducts a number of studies based on historical and etymological information drawn from the classification. The relative numbers of accessions and losses in different centuries in the categories are presented and discussed. The range of sources of origin of a limited number of categories arc detailed. The patterns of change, and the extent and rate of influence of different languages in different centuries, are then commented on and compared. Chapter 6 selects one area of vocabulary from Good and Evil - animal names used as names for people - and subjects this area to a detailed examination. The variety of animal names, and the range of people to whom they arc applied, arc discussed, and various statistics and comparisons arc drawn up. Also considered is the time gap between the first literal use of an animal name and the first figurative or metaphorical application of the same term to a person. In the process some interesting and, on occasion, unproven points about animal metaphor are brought to light. The thesis ends with three appendices. The first contains extra Good and Evil material not in the main classification, the second details 19th century obsolescences, and the third gives a numerical distribution of items in each category by part of speech
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Doyle, Conan Turlough. "Anglo-Saxon medicine and disease : a semantic approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268228.
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As a semantic investigation into Anglo-Saxon medicine, this thesis investigates the ways in which the Old English language was adapted to the technical discipline of medicine, with an emphasis on semantic interference between Latin medical terminology and Old English medical terminology. The main purpose of the examination is to determine the extent to which scholarly ideas concerning the nature of the human body and the causes of disease were preserved between the Latin texts and the English texts which were translated and compiled from them. The main way in which this has been carried out is through a comparative analysis of technical vocabulary, excluding botanical terms, in medical prose texts utilising the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus of texts, and a selection of printed editions of Latin texts which seem to have been the most likely sources of medical knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England. As a prerequisite to this comparative methodology it has been necessary to assemble a corpus of Latin textual parallels to the single most significant Old English medical text extant, namely Bald’s Leechbook. These parallels have been presented in an appendix alongside a transcript and translation of Bald’s Leechbook. A single question thus lies at the heart of this thesis: did Old English medical texts preserve any of the classical medical theories of late antiquity? In answering this question, a number of other significant findings have come to light. Most importantly, it is to be noted that modern scholarship is only now beginning to focus on the range of Late Antique and Byzantine medical texts available in Latin translation in the early medieval period, most notably for our present purposes Alexander of Tralles, but also Oribasius, Galen, pseudo-Galen and several Latin recensions of the works of Soranus of Ephesus, including the so-called Liber Esculapii and Liber Aurelii. The linguistic study further demonstrates that the technical language of these texts was very well understood and closely studied in Anglo-Saxon England, the vernacular material not only providing excellent readings of abstruse Latin technical vocabulary, but also demonstrating a substantial knowledge of technical terms of Greek origin which survive in the Latin texts.
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Choi, Ka Fai. "The awareness of semantic prosody and its implications for the EFL vocabulary teaching :a study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953426.
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McKendry, Mairéad. "Investigating the relationship between reading comprehension and semantic skill in children with English as an Additional Language : a focus on idiom comprehension." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57e1ba53-59b2-45a7-8e8c-7f5de6362dc9.
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The current study builds upon previous UK EAL research by i. sampling EAL children who do not struggle with reading comprehension and ii. investigating participants’ semantic ability at the word, sentence and discourse levels. Four groups of 9-10 year old children were recruited: EAL Average Readers; EL1 Average Readers; EAL Above Average Readers; EL1 Above Average Readers. At the word level, EL1 participants significantly outperformed EAL participants on 2 out of 6 vocabulary measures administered (TOWK Expressive Vocabulary and Multiple Contexts). The results of an idiom comprehension measure (ICM) showed that EAL and EL1 participants did not differ in their ability to engage in semantic analysis or in inference from context (semantic ability at the sentence and at the discourse levels respectively). The EL1 Above Average group alone were able to use prior experience with English language idioms to their advantage when answering the ICM. For the EAL participants, relationships between performance on the TOWK Expressive Vocabulary and Multiple Contexts and on the ICM are stronger than for the EL1 participants. The relationships between performance on the ICM and on a measure of reading comprehension are also stronger for EAL than for EL1 participants. These results suggest the following: i. it is important to develop the vocabulary abilities of EAL children, as the relationships between word-level semantic skills and sentence/discourse level semantic skills are stronger for EAL children than for their EL1 peers; ii. the relationships between the knowledge and skills measured by the ICM (i.e. prior knowledge of English language idioms; semantic analysis; inference from context) and reading comprehension are stronger for EAL than for EL1 children, suggesting the importance of a comprehensive approach to the semantic development of EAL children.
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Mansouri, Ali Nasser Harb. "Semantic field theory and the teaching of English vocabulary with special reference to Iraqi secondary schools." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3516/.
Full textAbstract:
The study of semantic fields and their relationships within lexical structure has become an essential part of semantic analysis. Vaguely formulated though it has been, semantic field theory has proved its worth as a general guide for research in descriptive semantics over the last fifty years-, and has undoubtedly increased our understanding of the way the lexemes of language are interrelated in sense. The aim of the present study is two-fold. First, it is an attempt to investigate the theory of semantic fields and offer an account of the theory that may be applied to lexical problems in foreign language teaching. The second aim of the study is 'applied' in nature. It is concerned with the potential applications of semantic field theory to the teaching and learning of lexis in EFL situations. Semantic field theory is a theory of lexical semantics. The evaluation of the adequacy of a linguistic theory is a matter internal to linguistics-, whether a theory succeeds according to some objective criteria in accounting for what it purports to account for. Semantic field theory has achieved a great deal of adequacy in accounting for the semantic relations holding between the meanings of lexemes in a natural language. However, in applied linguistics, we are not interested only in the adequacy or validity of linguistic theories but also in their utility for solving the practical problems faced by the language learner. Just as a linguistic theory must be validated empirically according to criteria internal to linguistics, so a linguistic theory must also be proved useful in application. The test of a theory's utility is, therefore, empirical. In order to assess the utility of semantic field theory in the teaching of English vocabulary, an experiment was formulated and conducted in an EFL situation. Although the experiment was limited and applied to a specific language skill (reading comprehension) and to a specific situation (a secondary school in Iraq), it is hoped that the findings of the experiment will be potentially relevant to other language skills and to EFL-teachers working in a wide variety of situations, The thesis is divided into eleven chapters. Chapter One is intended to shed light on the nature of vocabulary and the role of lexis in communication and to identify the EFL learners' problem in acquiring lexis in semantic fields. Chapter Two is an attempt to define and clarify some linguistic terms as used in our discussion and analysis of semantic fields. Chapter Three looks into the historical background of semantic field theory and critically examines some recent studies that have contributed to the development of the theory. Chapter Four is a somewhat detailed investigation of the structure of semantic fields and the characteristics of these fields as envisaged in our research. It also deals with some approaches to the analysis of lexical meaning and suggests a simplified componential-collocational approach for the teaching of lexis. Chapter. c Three and Four may be regarded as making up the 'theoretical part' of the research. The 'applied part' is covered in Chapters 5- 10. Chapter Five is a contrastive lexical analysis of some semantic fields in English and Arabic - Arabic being the language of the EFL learners with whom our research is mainly concerned. Chapters Six and Seven deal with some pedagogical issues relevant to the study and to the experiment. The experiment (its design, hypotheses, phases, results, statistical analyses of the results, discussion of the findings, etc. ) are given in Chapters Ekht, Nine and Ten. Some concluding remarks concerning the place of the study in the wider context of applied linguistics research and its implications for the teaching of vocabulary in Iraq and other EFL situations are dealt with in Chapter Eleven.
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Lima, Mayka de Souza. "Proposta de um vocabulário semântico para descobrir serviços na internet das coisas." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3372.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet of Things is a network infrastructure that is based on communication protocols,
domains and applications connecting physical objects, such as sensors or remote devices
through wireless communications. In order for smart objects perform their functions when
connected to the Internet using web resources, it is necessary that the communication
interfaces can treat the search for a specific service requested by the user accurately. The
search for this service gives with a clear and objective semantics used in the vocabulary for
the request process. In some research cited in the work the use of semantic vocabularies in
web services, has some problems that persist in the clear detection of these services. These
papers that perform search services were analyzed and correlated their positive and negative
aspects about the semantics used in the vocabulary and its application in the IoT. In this
manner, to achieve a process of discovery services, this paper presents a semantic
vocabulary that performs discovery services on the Internet of things. The vocabulary built
was implemented in an application that performs the communication of an application of
best price, which has a market server and a fridge that seek a particular service. After
implementation the vocabulary search process was simulated in Cooja Simulator Contiki
operating system and used the language JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) based on the
discovery code, simple language and widely used for web applications. After the simulation,
we analyzed the communication services exchanged between the Best Price server and
Market applications and fridge, getting the memories of sensor nodes failed to perform the
sending of the semantic vocabulary response services because of a size limitation of ROM
(Read Only memory) of the simulated sensor nodes.A Internet das coisas é uma revolução tecnológica que conecta aparelhos eletrônicos como eletrodomésticos ou meios de transporte à Internet, baseando-se em protocolos de comunicação, domínios e aplicações conectando objetos físicos, como sensores ou dispositivos remotos através de comunicações sem fio. Para que objetos inteligentes realizem suas funções quando conectados à Internet utilizando os recursos da web, é necessário que as interfaces de comunicações possam tratar a busca de um determinado serviço solicitado pelo usuário com precisão. A busca deste serviço dá-se com uma semântica clara e objetiva utilizada no vocabulário para o processo de solicitação. Em algumas pesquisas citadas no trabalho a utilização dos vocabulários semânticos em serviços da web, apresenta alguns problemas que persistem na detecção clara destes serviços. Estes trabalhos que realizam busca de serviços foram analisados e correlacionados seus pontos positivos e negativos sobre a semântica utilizada no vocabulário e sua aplicação na IoT. Desta forma, para obter um processo de descobrimento de serviços, este trabalho apresenta um vocabulário semântico que realiza a descoberta de serviços na Internet das coisas. O vocabulário construído foi implementado em uma aplicação que realiza a comunicação de uma aplicação de Melhor Preço, onde tem um servidor de mercado e uma geladeira buscando um serviço na Internet. Após a implementação foi simulado o processo de busca do vocabulário no Cooja Simulator do sistema operacional Contiki e utilizado a linguagem JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) como base do código de descobrimento, uma linguagem simples e muito utilizada para aplicações web. Realizada a simulação analisou-se a comunicação dos serviços trocados entre o servidor Melhor Preço e as aplicações Mercado e Geladeira, obtendo que as memórias dos nós sensores não conseguiram realizar o envio da resposta do vocabulário semântico com os serviços devido uma limitação do tamanho da memória ROM (Read Only Memory) do nó sensor simulado.
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Borgeaud, Olivier. "Être bourgeois dans le vignoble du Jura au XIXè siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. https://books.openedition.org/pufc/51708.
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Alors que la France est largement rurale au XIXe siècle, l’historiographie a négligé l’observation de la bourgeoisie des villages qui se distingue d’une bourgeoisie des villes amplement explorée. A partir de sources publiques et privées, et particulièrement plusieurs fonds importants de correspondances, cette recherche permet d’approcher toutes les facettes de la famille bourgeoise qui vit à l’année à la campagne. Plus que par son appartenance à un groupe social, c’est par sa position au sein de la société rurale que se définit le bourgeois rural, dans un temps long et selon un ordre social en continuité avec le XVIIIe siècle. « Être bourgeois » implique avant tout un avoir bourgeois et se confond souvent par « être propriétaire ». La notion de travail pour les hommes, essentielle dans la définition du bourgeois urbain, est nuancée pour le bourgeois rural car l’éventail de professions à sa disposition au village est réduit. En revanche, les correspondances révèlent des femmes bourgeoises actives, et pas seulement dans la sphère domestique.La vie à la campagne induit un type de bourgeois proche de ses terres et de la nature. Les cultures, les vignes, les fermages, les ventes de vins, les animaux de la ferme et les foires régissent le quotidien. Les bourgeois des villages sont confrontés à la brutalité de l’univers rural qui les entoure : les corps sont mis à l’épreuve, tout autant que les sens. L’histoire du ressenti aux bruits, aux odeurs, au froid, aux déplacements, aux voyages, au temps et à la maîtrise d’un environnement prégnant est ici abordée. La maison de famille prend une valeur symbolique et de prestige pour la bourgeoisie de village. Sa mise en scène reflète la position et l’ancrage héréditaire, et indique un mode de vie facilité par des domestiques à la fois proches et distants. A la campagne, les bourgeois hommes et femmes se distinguent de leurs contemporains citadins et évoquent sans tabou de nombreux sujets liés à l’hygiène, à l’intimité, à la sexualité. L’image qu’ils souhaitent projeter dans leur apparence, leur attitude pondérée vis-à-vis de la religion, l’emploi de leur temps libre souvent loin des stéréotypes genrés, les rites de la table, leur engagement politique sont autant de thèmes approfondis. De sa petite enfance à sa mort, en passant par son éducation, la construction de son mariage, sa santé et sa vieillesse, chaque phase de la vie du bourgeois rural est décrite. Sa relation aux autres est tout autant interrogée. Dans une région viticole mêlant toutes les strates de la société rurale, il compose aussi bien avec la pauvreté extrême qu’avec l’aristocratie foncière. Du fait de son relatif isolement à la campagne, une particularité que ne connaît pas le bourgeois urbain, sa sociabilité est large. Elle dépasse grandement le cercle bourgeois et s’oriente sur son voisinage rural. Cette étude s’attarde sur la psychologie du bourgeois dans son rapport à l’autre. Parce qu’il est conditionné à être à l’aise dans la relation sociale, il est capable de gérer plusieurs strates de relations et se crée son propre écosystème.La chute de la rente de la terre, associée au désastre du phylloxéra, entraîne dès 1880 la quasi-disparition d’une bourgeoisie rurale plus tournée vers le passé que vers le futur. Elle est remplacée au village par de nouvelles familles bourgeoises. Un champ lexical inattendu découvert dans les courriers et la sémantique sui generis qui en découle permettent à chaque étape une analyse fine, au plus près du bourgeois rural dans le vignoble du Jura au XIXe siècleFrance was still largely a rural country in the 19th century, yet historiography seems to have favoured a thorough study of the bourgeoisie in towns while neglecting to turn its attention to the bourgeoisie in villages. Drawing on public archives, private sources and extensive correspondence, this research seeks to draw together all aspects of bourgeois family life as lived year-round in the countryside. More than a social grouping of the middle class, the rural bourgeoisie can be defined through its position at the heart of rural communities over an extended period of time, in continuity with the social order of the 18th century. “To be bourgeois” strongly implies prosperity and in most cases the ownership of land and property. The notion of work may be essential to a definition of the city bourgeois, but makes less sense in villages where the range of available professions is limited. On the other hand, correspondence reveals the active nature of life for the ladies of the rural bourgeoisie, reaching well beyond the domestic sphere. Life in the countryside engenders a type of bourgeois who is close to his land and to nature. Daily life follows the rhythm of farming, tending the vines, managing the estate, trading wine, animal husbandry and local fairs. Village bourgeois are confronted with the brutality of their rural surroundings: the body and the senses are put to the test. This study explores the history of experience of noises, smells, the cold, local travel and longer journeys, the passage of time and the handling of a pervasive environment.The family home takes on particular importance as a symbol of the village bourgeois' value and prestige. It is a stage on which the family's position and heredity are played out. The implied lifestyle within is one assisted by servants, with whom close yet distant relationships exist. In the countryside, bourgeois ladies and gentlemen differ from their urban counterparts in their uninhibited discussion of many subjects relating to hygiene, intimacy, sexuality. We will explore their use of outward appearance to project a certain image, their nuanced attitudes towards religion, their enjoyment of free time often in contrast to gender stereotypes, their mealtime rituals and their political engagements. Each phase of a rural bourgeois' life will be portrayed, from childhood to death, from education to the making of a marriage, from health to old age. We shall also investigate the bourgeois' relationship with others, in a wine-growing area where the extremely poor as well as with the landed aristocracy can be encountered. His social circle is wider than that of the urban bourgeois, because of his relative isolation in the country, and stretches far beyond the bourgeoisie to encompass his rural neighbours. This study concentrates particularly on the psychology of the bourgeois’ relationship with others. Conditioned as he is to be at ease in any social situation, he is able to operate on many different levels and create his own ecosystem.Following the collapse in land revenue and the outbreak of the phylloxera blight, by 1880 the rural bourgeoisie, more concerned with the past than the future, had all but disappeared. A new bourgeoisie came to replace them in the villages. A quite unexpected vocabulary emerges from the correspondence, revealing a particular semantic apparatus and offering detailed insights into many aspects of rural bourgeois life in the 19th century wine-growing Jura
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Ahikpa, James N'guessan. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STILL VS. ANIMATED CARTOON PICTURES ON LEARNING SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/546.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigated whether the teaching of L2 vocabulary with still cartoon pictures and animated cartoon pictures would result in a significant difference in second language learners' receptive and productive knowledge of the target words. Also, the effect of test type (receptive vs. productive) on participants' retention of the target words was examined. Finally, the study tried to find out whether the semantic category of vocabulary words influences the rate of successful vocabulary retention across picture types. For the purpose, a group of 17 ESL students from a Midwestern University participated in both treatments with still and animated pictures, followed by vocabulary tests. The results showed that over 80% of the target words were successfully retrieved on the receptive knowledge tests vs. only about 40% successful retrieval on the productive knowledge tests. Yet, the results did not reveal significant differences in vocabulary gain due to picture type as both treatments showed similar success rate of retention of the target words, especially in view of receptive knowledge. Also, neither of the two types of pictures was effective in facilitating productive knowledge of the target words. In addition, the study found that some semantic categories of vocabulary words may be easier to recall than others.
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Отузов, Р. "Полиэтнический именник студентов филологического факультета БРГУ им. А.С. Пушкина." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77274.
Full textAbstract:
Антропонимическая картина достаточно специфична для любого
этноса. Население любой страны неоднородно. Даже лица,
принадлежащие к одной национальности, пользуются различными
языковыми подсистемами в зависимости от социального статуса,
вероисповедания, местожительства, профессии и многих других
факторов. Внимание к системе имен собственных, в частности к
антропонимам, определяется их особым положением как слов,
развивающихся по законам языка, но помимо лексического
компонента включающих также этнографический, исторический,
социальный, культурологический аспекты информативности. Личные
имена, фамилии людей являются частью лексико-семантической
системы, функционируют в её рамках и одновременно весьма чутко
реагируют на любые изменения, происходящие в обществе.
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Ng, Rosa, and 吳路莎. "An investigation into the effectiveness of the use of semantic maps and pictures in vocabulary notebooks by a group of S.2 students in aChinese-as-a-medium-of-instruction secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45176383.
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Duff, Dawna Margaret. "Lexical semantic richness : effect on reading comprehension and on readers' hypotheses about the meanings of novel words." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1591.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This study investigates one possible reason for individual differences in vocabulary learning from written context. A Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) model is used to motivate the prediction of a causal relationship between semantic knowledge for words in a text and the quality of their hypotheses about the semantics of novel words, an effect mediated by reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was to test this prediction behaviorally, using a within subject repeated measures design to control for other variables affecting semantic word learning.
Methods: Participants in 6th grades (n=23) were given training to increase semantic knowledge of words from one of two texts, counterbalanced across participants. After training, participants read untreated and treated texts, which contained six nonword forms. Measures were taken of reading comprehension (RC) and the quality of the readers' hypotheses about the semantics of the novel words (HSNW). Text difficulty and semantic informativeness of the texts about nonwords were controlled.
Results: All participants had increases in semantic knowledge of taught words after intervention. For the group as a whole, RC scores were significantly higher in the treated than untreated condition, but HSNW scores were not significantly higher in the treated than untreated condition. Reading comprehension ability was a significant moderator of the effect of treatment on HSNW. A subgroup of participants with lower scores on a standardized reading comprehension measure (n=6) had significantly higher HSNW and RC scores in the treated than untreated condition. Participants with higher standardized reading comprehension scores (n=17) showed no effect of treatment on either RC or HSNW. Difference scores for RC and difference scores for HSNW were strongly related, indicating that within subjects, there is a relationship between RC and HSNW.
Conclusions: The results indicate that for a subgroup of readers with weaker reading comprehension, intervention to enhance lexical semantic richness had a substantial and significant effect on both their reading comprehension and on the quality of hypotheses that they generated about the meanings of novel words. Neither effect was found for a subgroup of readers with stronger reading comprehension. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.
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Chan, Pui-lam, and 陳霈霖. "A study of the acquisition of vocabulary presented in semantic sets and thematic sets and learners' perceptions of the two presentationmethods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46960193.
Full textAbstract:
Lots of research has been conducted to investigate how vocabulary acquisition can be enhanced effectively. Some research found that grouping words in different ways, like semantically related sets, unrelated sets, and thematically related sets, could affect the effectiveness of vocabulary acquisition. However, there has been no consensus. Though some previous studies suggested that grouping unrelated words may have positive impact on vocabulary acquisition, it is not practical in classroom contexts. The present study examines the effects of presenting words in semantic sets and thematic sets on vocabulary acquisition, as these two ways of grouping are commonly used in everyday teaching. In the present study, 65 Form One students who studied in a Band one EMI co-educational school were recruited as participants. All of them learnt both semantic sets and thematic sets. After learning each set of vocabulary, they took an immediate post test and a delayed post test. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire after all the vocabulary sessions had been completed. Eight students, including four high achievers and four low achievers, were interviewed. Results showed that grouping words in semantic sets and thematic sets do not bring any significant difference to vocabulary acquisition in general, though students learnt the verbs in the thematic sets better than verbs in the semantic sets in this study. Learners generally preferred the thematic grouping to the semantic one. It was found that order of presentation could have an impact on learners’ perceptions. Students’ vocabulary learning strategies, which were rather limited, were also identified in the questionnaires and interviews. The findings suggest that both semantic and thematic groupings should be used when presenting words to students. Teachers should also introduce and guide students to use a wider range of vocabulary learning strategies.published_or_final_version
Applied English Studies
Master
Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
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Brusnighan, Stephen M. "Semantic Transparency and Contextual Strength in Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition of Novel Compounds during Silent Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements and Recall." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1286756820.
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Borking, Ulrika. "Engelskan i skolan : en undersökning av vokabulär i gymnasieskolans textböcker i engelska." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2138.
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This essay reviews vocabulary samples from three different textbooks, which are readers for the basic course in English at an upper secondary school in Sweden. The aim of the study is to determine whether the word samples from the readers’ word lists consist mostly of high- or low frequency words and if the words denote any particular semantic fields. Moreover, the possible use of word frequencies in second language acquisition is also examined. The method used in ascertaining the quality of the words is comparing the word samples to the BNC (the British National Corpus) and analysing how frequently they occur in written and spoken modern English. The results are based on the findings from the analysis made in this study and also compared to current research in the fields of linguistics and language acquisition. The results exhibit both overrepresentation- and absence of words in particular semantic fields. For instance, words from the semantic field concerning ‘food and cooking’ were found to be somewhat predominant. The findings also include support for the use of word frequencies in language acquisition, especially in terms of how words are translated from English into Swedish in the textbooks’ wordlists. The only Swedish synonym given was in some cases item of the least frequent usage in modern English, according to the BNC.
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Grzega, Joachim. "Bezeichnungswandel: Wie, Warum, Wozu? : ein Beitrag zur englischen und allgemeinen Onomasiologie /." Heidelberg : Winter, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012981048&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Сейтханова, А. Н. "К определению понятия "лингвистическое пространство" в современной лингвистике." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72722.
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У статті розглянуто модель семантичних відношень у лексиці в межах семантичного поля простору, виділено мікрополя визначено зв’язки між окремими еламентами мовної картини світу.В статье рассмотрена модель семантических отношений в лексике в пределах семантического поля пространства, выделены микрополя, определены связи между отдельными элементами языковой картины мира.
The model of semantic relation within the bounds of semantic field of space is analyzed. The connections between some elements of language worldview are investigated.
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Roussignol, Ines. "L'apport des théories scientifiques (expérimentales et médicales) dans le vocabulaire rural, scientifique et général d'Émile Zola." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD004/document.
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Émile Zola rend compte de sa vision du progrès scientifique établie en concordance avec la doctrine littéraire du naturalisme et le contexte historico-scientifique du Second Empire français, dans le contexte sociologique d’exode rural de cette fin du XIXe siècle caractérisant les campagnes françaises. En alliant ces trois données déterminantes, Zola est parvenu à nous livrer une oeuvre forte recélant un certain type de scientificité, non conforme aux canons idéaux littéraires et sociaux de l’époque. Il s’appuie sur les doctrines de la méthode expérimentale de Claude Bernard et de l’hérédité de Prosper Lucas et d’autres médecins. La prédominance des champs sémantiques scientifique, héréditaire, alcoolique et violent détermine l’emploi d’un vocabulaire général basé sur des thématiques et des réseaux lexicaux particuliers. Le paysan est dépeint comme violent, ignorant, inéduqué, païen, alcoolique, animalesque, ayant l’esprit de clan et porté au lucre. Zola oppose la science et la religion pour la promotion de ses idées progressistesÉmile Zola tells his vision about the scientific progress in concordance with the literary doctrine of naturalism and the historical and scientific context of the Second French Empire, in the sociological context of the rural exodus of the end of the nineteenth century characterizing the French contryside. Combining these three decisive facts, Zola manages to deliver a strong masterpiece containing a type of scientificity non conforming to the ideal literary and social canons of the time. He relies on Claude Bernard’s doctrines of experimental method and Prosper Lucas’heredity and the others medical practitioners. The predominance of scientific, hereditary, alcoholic and violent semantic fields defines the use of common vocabulary based on thematics and specific lexical networks. The peasant is depicted as a violent, ignorant, non educated, pagan, alcoholic, brutish, being clannish and attracted by the lucre. Zola oppose the science et the religion for promoting his progressive ideas
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Petersson, Elin. "Ordförståelse i förskolan : Pedagogers syn på arbetet med yngre barns utveckling av ordförståelse i en stor barngrupp med blandad språkbakgrund." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32599.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med studien är att synliggöra förskollärares syn på arbetet med ordförståelse för yngre barn i större barngrupper där barnen har blandad språkbakgrund. Frågeställningarna är hur förskollärarna arbetar med att introducera nya ord, vad de tror påverkar inlärningen och hur utvecklingen av språket påverkas av faktorerna kring barngruppen. Kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med två förskollärare som arbetar med barn i åldrarna tre till fem år på förskolor i större städer i Mellansverige. Studien visar att organisation och planering är en viktig del i arbetet i en stor barngrupp. Pedagogens förhållningssätt och goda förebilder hos både pedagoger och andra barn är en viktig del i hur barnen lär sig nya ord. Bilder, sagor och teman är viktiga pedagogiska verktyg för att introducera nya ord för yngre barn.The purpose ofthis studyis to highlight thepreschool teachers'views on thedevelopment of thevocabularyforyoung childreninlargergroups, where children havemixedlanguagebackground. The questions is howpreschool teachersworking tointroduce newwords, whatthey thinkaffectslearning andhow the development oflanguageis influencedby the factorssurrounding thechildgroup. Qualitative interviews were conducted withtwopreschool teachersworking withchildren aged 3-5yearsinpreschoolsin larger cities incentral Sweden.The study shows thatorganization and planningisan important part ofthe work of alargegroup of children. The teachers'attitudes androle modelsof botheducatorsand other childrenisan important part ofhowchildren learnnew words.Pictures,stories andin themes are important educational tool to introducenew wordsfor younger children.
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Hu, Xiaoqin. "Etude de la fonction argumentale dans la perspective de l'acquisition automatique du vocabulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD042.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la fonction argumentale afin d’élaborer une méthode pour l’acquisition automatique des termes d’une manière pertinente et efficace. Nous avons d’abord discuté du profilage du corpus et de la constitution du corpus web pour le traitement automatique des langues. Ensuite, trois méthodes ont été développées en nous fondant sur les caractéristiques morphologiques des unités lexicales et la relation d’appropriation entre les prédicats appropriés et leurs arguments. La méthode distributionnelle a pour objet d’exploiter les structures prédicat-argument pour repérer les arguments de la classe sémantique donnée. La méthode morphosémantique est développée en se fondant sur les structures internes des unités lexicales en vue d’étendre la liste de termes. La méthode combinatoire qui associe les deux premières approches permet d’améliorer la pertinence du résultat. Finalement, nous avons développé une réflexion sur la particularité de la langue, la classe sémantique, la langue de spécialité et la récursivité de la langue dans la perspective du traitement automatique des languesThis thesis aims to study the argumental function for finding an efficient method to automatically acquire the terms. We start with a discussion on the problematic of the corpus which is: what kind of corpus should we choose and how should we construct the web corpus. Then, three methods are developed which are based on the morphological characteristics of lexical units and the relation between the appropriate predicates and their arguments. The distributional method tries to exploit the predicate-argument structures for identifying the arguments of the given semantic class. The morph-semantic method is developed on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the lexical units in order to extend the list of terms. The mixed method which combines the two precedent approaches permit to improve the result. Finally, we try to develop a statement on the natural language character, on the semantic class, on the specialized language and on the recursive nature of language in the perspective of natural language processing
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Abdel-Qader, Mohammad [Verfasser], Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherp, and Wilhelm [Gutachter] Hasselbring. "Vocabulary Evolution on the Semantic Web : From Changes to Evolution of Vocabularies and its Impact on the Data / Mohammad Abdel-Qader ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Hasselbring ; Betreuer: Ansgar Scherp." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228859027/34.
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Alqasrawi, Yousef T. N. "Natural scene classification, annotation and retrieval : developing different approaches for semantic scene modelling based on Bag of Visual Words." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5523.
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With the availability of inexpensive hardware and software, digital imaging has become an important medium of communication in our daily lives. A huge amount of digital images are being collected and become available through the internet and stored in various fields such as personal image collections, medical imaging, digital arts etc. Therefore, it is important to make sure that images are stored, searched and accessed in an efficient manner. The use of bag of visual words (BOW) model for modelling images based on local invariant features computed at interest point locations has become a standard choice for many computer vision tasks. Based on this promising model, this thesis investigates three main problems: natural scene classification, annotation and retrieval. Given an image, the task is to design a system that can determine to which class that image belongs to (classification), what semantic concepts it contain (annotation) and what images are most similar to (retrieval). This thesis contributes to scene classification by proposing a weighting approach, named keypoints density-based weighting method (KDW), to control the fusion of colour information and bag of visual words on spatial pyramid layout in a unified framework. Different configurations of BOW, integrated visual vocabularies and multiple image descriptors are investigated and analyzed. The proposed approaches are extensively evaluated over three well-known scene classification datasets with 6, 8 and 15 scene categories using 10-fold cross validation. The second contribution in this thesis, the scene annotation task, is to explore whether the integrated visual vocabularies generated for scene classification can be used to model the local semantic information of natural scenes. In this direction, image annotation is considered as a classification problem where images are partitioned into 10x10 fixed grid and each block, represented by BOW and different image descriptors, is classified into one of predefined semantic classes. An image is then represented by counting the percentage of every semantic concept detected in the image. Experimental results on 6 scene categories demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, this thesis further explores, with an extensive experimental work, the use of different configurations of the BOW for natural scene retrieval.
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Savina, Elena. "Vocabulaire juridique en tant que ressource stylistique dans la prose de Georges Simenon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040051.
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La thèse porte sur l’étude de l’emploi stylistique du lexique juridique français dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Il existe un nombre considérable d’ouvrages consacrés à la terminologie juridique, aux concepts de loi et de crime, au comportement discursif des avocats, à l’analyse linguistique des textes de lois, aux problèmes de la traduction du lexique juridique, à l’interférence linguistique, à l’étude des particularités pragmatiques, structurelles et sémantiques des textes des traités, et ainsi de suite. Dans notre thèse, le lexique juridique est étudié du point de vue de la stylistique, ce qui constitue sa nouveauté théorique aussi bien que pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons certains termes d’appartenance juridique exclusive selon le classement de Gérard Cornu et nous montrons qu’une sixième partie d’entre eux sont susceptibles, au moins potentiellement, d’acquérir des sens figurés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions 53 termes juridiques utilisés par Georges Simenon au sens figuré décrivant de différentes situations de la vie courante, qui, dans la plupart des cas, ne sont pas liées au droit. Dans le troisième chapitre nous analysons, du point de vue opposé, les figures stylistiques employées pour caractériser de différentes situations juridiques présentes dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Ainsi, même si ces figures stylistiques sont relativement peu nombreuses, les recherches effectuées montrent que Georges Simenon, malgré son intention affichée, n’est pas parvenu à éliminer complètement les figures stylistiques, un des éléments constitutifs essentiels du langage poétiqueOur thesis concerns studies of the stylistic use of the French legal vocabulary in Georges Simenon’s prose. In fact, legal terminology, concepts of law and crime, discursive behavior of lawyers, texts of laws, problems of legal translation, those of linguistic interference, those of pragmatic, structural and semantic peculiarities of the language of international agreements, for instance, were examined by different linguists. So, contemporary linguistics are interested in studying legal terminology from different points of view. On the other hand, during the last decades, linguostylistic studies are also developing very quickly. In our thesis, legal terminology is studied from the point of view of stylistics, and this approach constitutes its’ theoretical and practical novelty. In the first chapter we examine some terms belonging exclusively to legal terminology, in accordance with Gerard Cornu’s classification, and we show that in reality approximately one sixth part of them can acquire, at least potentially, some figural meanings. In the second chapter, we study 53 legal terms used by Georges Simenon in their figural meaning to describe different situations from everyday life which, in the most of cases, are not associated with legal situations. In the third chapter we analyze, from the opposite point of view, stylistic figures used to characterize different legal situations presented in Georges Simenon’s prose. To summarize, even if these figures are relatively small in number, our thesis shows that the writer, in spite of his artistic intention, was not able to eliminate them completely and that they remain one of the most important elements of the poetical language
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Gängler, Thomas. "Semantic Federation of Musical and Music-Related Information for Establishing a Personal Music Knowledge Base." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-72434.
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Music is perceived and described very subjectively by every individual. Nowadays, people often get lost in their steadily growing, multi-placed, digital music collection. Existing music player and management applications get in trouble when dealing with poor metadata that is predominant in personal music collections. There are several music information services available that assist users by providing tools for precisely organising their music collection, or for presenting them new insights into their own music library and listening habits. However, it is still not the case that music consumers can seamlessly interact with all these auxiliary services directly from the place where they access their music individually. To profit from the manifold music and music-related knowledge that is or can be available via various information services, this information has to be gathered up, semantically federated, and integrated into a uniform knowledge base that can personalised represent this data in an appropriate visualisation to the users. This personalised semantic aggregation of music metadata from several sources is the gist of this thesis. The outlined solution particularly concentrates on users’ needs regarding music collection management which can strongly alternate between single human beings. The author’s proposal, the personal music knowledge base (PMKB), consists of a client-server architecture with uniform communication endpoints and an ontological knowledge representation model format that is able to represent the versatile information of its use cases. The PMKB concept is appropriate to cover the complete information flow life cycle, including the processes of user account initialisation, information service choice, individual information extraction, and proactive update notification. The PMKB implementation makes use of SemanticWeb technologies. Particularly the knowledge representation part of the PMKB vision is explained in this work. Several new Semantic Web ontologies are defined or existing ones are massively modified to meet the requirements of a personalised semantic federation of music and music-related data for managing personal music collections. The outcome is, amongst others, • a new vocabulary for describing the play back domain, • another one for representing information service categorisations and quality ratings, and • one that unites the beneficial parts of the existing advanced user modelling ontologies. The introduced vocabularies can be perfectly utilised in conjunction with the existing Music Ontology framework. Some RDFizers that also make use of the outlined ontologies in their mapping definitions, illustrate the fitness in practise of these specifications. A social evaluation method is applied to carry out an examination dealing with the reutilisation, application and feedback of the vocabularies that are explained in this work. This analysis shows that it is a good practise to properly publish Semantic Web ontologies with the help of some Linked Data principles and further basic SEO techniques to easily reach the searching audience, to avoid duplicates of such KR specifications, and, last but not least, to directly establish a \"shared understanding\". Due to their project-independence, the proposed vocabularies can be deployed in every knowledge representation model that needs their knowledge representation capacities. This thesis added its value to make the vision of a personal music knowledge base come true.
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Molin, Haag Jeanette. "Enbart ordinlärning eller ordinlärning kombinerat med semantiska betydelserelationer i ämnet engelska? : En jämförande studie av undervisningsmetoder i årskurs tre." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33979.
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The purpose of this study was to examine which of the two vocabulary-learning methods non-contextualized vocabulary learning and vocabulary learning combined with semantic relations promote the learning and retention of new vocabulary items. The following research questions were asked: Which of the two above-mentioned methods best promotes the students’ vocabulary learning and word comprehension? What differences can be noted in the students’ test results regarding learning and retention of new vocabulary items between these two methods? Which method promotes the students' long-term retention of vocabulary items and word comprehension? In total, 36 students from two classes, divided into four groups, participated in the study. Each group was taught using one of the two methods. After the first round of lessons, the teaching methods were swapped such that all the students tried both methods and so that the survey could be considered reliable. The empirical material was obtained from field experiments and tests in direct connection with the lessons and retention tests four days later. The results were analyzed using Schema theory and a theory of memory processing called Executive Control Processes. These theories were used to investigate the students’ retention of vocabulary items and how students use schematic knowledge to associate words to one another. The results showed that the second method, the combined method, seemed to be the most promising not only for retention, but also for the number of learned vocabulary items and for word comprehension.
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Faivre, Carole. "Onomastique de l’art culinaire en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100104/document.
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La gastronomie et l'onomastique n'ont encore jamais fait l'objet d'étude, de manière conjointe, d'un point de vue linguistique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un point de départ à une réflexion sur la structure, la nature et la place du nom propre dans la gastronomie française. Pour ce faire, après avoir exposé les différentes problématiques liées à la définition des concepts de gastronomie et de nom propre, nous avons réalisé une synthèse des principaux éléments théoriques qui servent de base à la recherche sur les noms de plats, tant sous un angle linguistique, historique qu’artistique ou législatif. La nécessité d’effectuer une distinction entre appellation culinaire et dénomination gastronomique selon la place qu’occupe le nom de plat sur un axe nom propre / nom commun s’est vite imposée et pour vérifier dans quelle mesure les types de noms propres dans les noms de plats sont conditionnés par le contexte, deux sortes de corpus ont été constitués. Sera d’abord traitée l’évolution du nom propre dans la gastronomie à travers le prisme de la norme dictionnairique au cours des 70 dernières années, au moyen d'une comparaison lexicographique des deux éditions du Larousse Gastronomique (1938 et 2007). Pour ce faire, une catégorisation des noms propres relevés dans le corpus a été établie. Dans un deuxième temps, la place des noms propres dans un corpus témoignant de l’usage a été examinée, en rassemblant des menus de restaurants parisiens ainsi que des dépliants publicitaires de la restauration livréeGastronomy and onomastics have never previously been the subject of a joint study from a linguistic point of view. The objective of this thesis is to provide a starting point for research on the structure, nature and place of proper names in French gastronomy. After considering the various problems related to the definition of such concepts as gastronomy and proper name, we achieved a synthesis of the main theoretical elements that form the basis for research on the names of dishes from a linguistic, artistic, historic or legislative perspective. Then, a distinction was made between culinary denomination and gastronomic designation in relation to the place of a dish name on a proper name / common name axis, although the separation between the two poles is sometimes blurred and cannot be considered to be strict. Two kinds of corpus are established in order to verify that the types of proper names in gastronomy depend on the context where dish names originate. First, the evolution of the proper name in gastronomy over the past 70 years is studied from a normative perspective through the lexical comparison of the first and the latest editions of the Larousse Gastronomique (1938 and 2007) and the establishment of a categorization of proper names. Second, proper names in a corpus reflecting the use was examined using Parisian restaurant menus and flyers advertising for food delivery. The comparison of the results for the two types of corpus will shed light on the differences, both quantitative and classificatory, in the use of proper names in a normative or in a creative context
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Gábor, Kata. "Computational syntax of Hungarian : from phrase chunking to verb subcategorization." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1020/document.
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La linguistique informatique est un domaine de recherche qui se concentre sur les méthodes et les perspectives de la modélisation formelle (statistique ou symbolique) de la langue naturelle. La linguistique informatique, tout comme la linguistique théorique, est une discipline fortement modulaire : les niveaux d'analyse linguistique comprennent la segmentation, l'analyse morphologique, la désambiguïsation, l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Tandis qu'un nombre d'outils existent déjà pour les traitements de bas niveau (analyse morphologique, étiquetage grammatical), le hongrois peut être considéré comme une langue peu doté pour l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Le travail décrit dans la présente thèse vise à combler ce manque en créant des ressources pour le traitement syntaxique du hongrois : notamment, un analyseur en chunks et une base de données lexicale de schémas de sous-catégorisation verbale. La première partie de la recherche présentée ici se concentre sur la création d'un analyseur syntaxique de surface (ou analyseur en chunks) pour le hongrois. La sortie de l'analyseur de surface est conçue pour servir d'entrée pour un traitement ultérieur visant à annoter les relations de dépendance entre le prédicat et ses compléments essentiels et circonstanciels. L'analyseur profond est mis en œuvre dans NooJ (Silberztein, 2004) en tant qu'une cascade de grammaires. Le deuxième objectif de recherche était de proposer une représentation lexicale pour la structure argumentale en hongrois. Cette représentation doit pouvoir gérer la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui échappent à la dichotomie traditionnelle entre un complément essentiel et un circonstanciel (p. ex. des structures partiellement productives, des écarts entre la prédictibilité syntaxique et sémantique). Nous avons eu recours à des résultats de la recherche récente sur la réalisation d'arguments et choisi un cadre qui répond à nos critères et qui est adaptable à une langue non-configurationnelle. Nous avons utilisé la classification sémantique de Levin (1993) comme modèle. Nous avons adapté les notions relatives à cette classification, à savoir celle de la composante sémantique et celle de l'alternance syntaxique, ainsi que la méthodologie d'explorer et de décrire le comportement des prédicats à l'aide de cette représentation, à la tâche de construire une représentation lexicale des verbes dans une langue non-configurationnelle. La première étape consistait à définir les règles de codage et de construire un vaste base de données lexicale pour les verbes et leurs compléments. Par la suite, nous avons entrepris deux expériences pour l'enrichissement de ce lexique avec des informations sémantiques lexicales afin de formaliser des généralisations syntaxiques et sémantiques pertinentes sur les classes de prédicats sous-jacentes. La première approche que nous avons testée consistait en une élaboration manuelle de classification de verbes en fonction de leur structure de compléments et de l'attribution de rôles sémantiques à ces compléments. Nous avons cherché la réponse aux questions suivantes: quelles sont les composants sémantiques pertinents pour définir une classification sémantique des prédicats hongrois? Quelles sont les implications syntaxiques spécifiques à ces classes? Et, plus généralement, quelle est la nature des alternances spécifiques aux classes verbales en hongrois ? Dans la phase finale de la recherche, nous avons étudié le potentiel de l'acquisition automatique pour extraire des classes de verbes à partir de corpus. Nous avons effectué une classification non supervisée, basée sur des données distributionnelles, pour obtenir une classification sémantique pertinente des verbes hongrois. Nous avons également testé la méthode de classification non supervisée sur des données françaisesWe present the creation of two resources for Hungarian NLP applications: a rule-based shallow parser and a database of verbal subcategorization frames. Hungarian, as a non-configurational language with a rich morphology, presents specific challenges for NLP at the level of morphological and syntactic processing. While efficient and precise morphological analyzers are already available, Hungarian is under-resourced with respect to syntactic analysis. Our work aimed at overcoming this problem by providing resources for syntactic processing. Hungarian language is characterized by a rich morphology and a non-configurational encoding of grammatical functions. These features imply that the syntactic processing of Hungarian has to rely on morphological features rather than on constituent order. The broader interest of our undertaking is to propose representations and methods that are adapted to these specific characteristics, and at the same time are in line with state of the art research methodologies. More concretely, we attempt to adapt current results in argument realization and lexical semantics to the task of labeling sentence constituents according to their syntactic function and semantic role in Hungarian. Syntax and semantics are not completely independent modules in linguistic analysis and language processing: it has been known for decades that semantic properties of words affect their syntactic distribution. Within the syntax-semantics interface, the field of argument realization deals with the (partial or complete) prediction of verbal subcategorization from semantic properties. Research on verbal lexical semantics and semantically motivated mapping has been concentrating on predicting the syntactic realization of arguments, taking for granted (either explicitly or implicitly) that the distinction between arguments and adjuncts is known, and that adjuncts' syntactic realization is governed by productive syntactic rules, not lexical properties. However, besides the correlation between verbal aspect or actionsart and time adverbs (e.g. Vendler, 1967 or Kiefer, 1992 for Hungarian), the distribution of adjuncts among verbs or verb classes did not receive significant attention, especially within the lexical semantics framework. We claim that contrary to the widely shared presumption, adjuncts are often not fully productive. We therefore propose a gradual notion of productivity, defined in relation to Levin-type lexical semantic verb classes (Levin, 1993; Levin and Rappaport-Hovav, 2005). The definition we propose for the argument-adjunct dichotomy is based on evidence from Hungarian and exploits the idea that lexical semantics not only influences complement structure but is the key to the argument-adjunct distinction and the realization of adjuncts
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Polowinski, Jan. "Visualisierung großer Datenmengen im Raum." Thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108506.
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Large, strongly connected amounts of data, as collected in knowledge bases or those occurring when describing software, are often read slowly and with difficulty by humans when they are represented as spreadsheets or text. Graphical representations can help people to understand facts more intuitively and offer a quick overview. The electronic representation offers means that are beyond the possibilities of print such as unlimited zoom and hyperlinks. This paper addresses a framework for visualizing connected information in 3D-space taking into account the techniques of media design to build visualization structures and map information to graphical propertiesGroße, stark vernetzte Datenmengen, wie sie in Wissensbasen oder Softwaremodellen vorkommen, sind von Menschen oft nur langsam und mühsam zu lesen, wenn sie als Tabellen oder Text dargestellt werden. Graphische Darstellungen können Menschen helfen, Tatsachen intuitiver zu verstehen und bieten einen schnellen Überblick. Die elektronische Darstellung bietet Mittel, welche über die Möglichkeiten von Print hinausgehen, wie z.B. unbegrenzten Zoom und Hyperlinks. Diese Arbeit stellt ein Framework für die Visualisierung vernetzter Informationen im 3D-Raum vor, welches Techniken der Gestaltung zur Erstellung von graphischen Strukturen und zur Abbildung von Informationen auf graphische Eigenschaften berücksichtigt