Academic literature on the topic 'Semantic thematic relationships'

The semantics roles are considered one of the important linguistic topics. This research aims at shedding light on the semantic roles that Van Valin (2005 AD) has included, since his model is distinguished from other models of semantic roles, whether in terms of the number of semantic roles or in terms of naming each semantic role. This study has applied this model to the local dialect of Bahdin Kurdish, as it has showed verb arguments according to Van Valin model, because this semantic role is assigned to the argument. The most important questions that have been raised by this study: How many semantic roles are there according to (Van) Valin‌s model (2005 AD) In what case is the word an argument and in what case is it complementary? At the end, the relevant findings have been discussed in terms of Van Valin‌s (2005 AD) models. Moreover, the semantic roles have been divided into three levels, each level contains as aspect of the semantic roles, and it has been able to display 40 thematic relationships. The current study has succeeded to distinguish between arguments and compliments.

Recently, Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) systems have been used to examine a semantic predicate-argument structure for natural occurring texts. Facing the challenge of extracting a universal set of semantic or thematic relations covering various types of semantic relationships between entities, based on the Concept Description Language for Natural Language (CDL.nl) which defines a set of semantic relations to describe the concept structure of text, we develop a shallow semantic parser to add a new layer of semantic annotation of natural language sentences as an extension of SRL. The parsing task is a relation extraction process with two steps: relation detection and relation classification. Firstly, based on dependency analysis, a rule-based algorithm is presented to detect all entity pairs between each pair for which there exists a relationship; secondly, we use a kernel-based method to assign CDL.nl relations to detected entity pairs by leveraging diverse features. Preliminary evaluation on a manual dataset shows that CDL.nl relations can be extracted with good performance.

This paper describes an approach to detect the organization of semantic subclasses of Japanese verbs. First, we classify verbs along two dimensions: thematic and aspectual. In the thematic dimension, we exploit the pattern of case marking particles which are attached to arguments of verbs. In the aspectual dimension, we exploit the classification of adverbs which modify verbs in a corpus. By combining the results of two classifications, we obtain an elaborate classification of verbs. We can incorporate the prototypicality of the members which constitute each semantic subclass by taking account of the frequency of case particles patterns and cooccurring adverbs. Moreover, the existence of close relationships among them enable us to detect the organization of these subclasses.

In this paper, I will present a new method of applying open source digital resources for investigating patterns of participants in the legal material of the so-called Holiness Code (Lev 17-26). Although several scholars have tried to explain the internal relationships between the participants in the Holiness Code, the large corpus complicates a systematic and consistent analysis. Developments within computational corpus-linguistics, however, provide new ways of systematic investigations into the discourse of Biblical legal texts. Accordingly, this paper will demonstrate how open source technologies and resources, such as the ETCBC database, text-fabric, R, and Jupyter Notebook, can benefit discourse analysis of the Holiness Code. Using Leviticus 25:23-28 as a case-study, the paper presents a three-step method of creating a semantic map of the participants and their internal relationships. First, semantic role labels are distributed to all participants according to the Role and Reference Grammar theory of the thematic relationship between verb and arguments. Second, all linguistic participant references are tracked and linked to their respective referents. Finally, the formal, linguistic participant tracking and the semantic role labelling are combined to create a semantic map of participants.

In this article, somatic phraseologisms in German and Uzbek languages are analyzed in a semantic-thematic method, the peculiarities of reflecting speech activity and interpersonal relationships in both languages are researched, similar and different aspects are described.

The subject matter of this paper is the thematic structure of the verbal borrowings going out of use in the New Polish period. An extensive material (of 760 positions) was collected based on SJPD (Doroszewski’s Dictionary of Polish) and encompasses lexical units designated with chronological labels. The foreign origin of the words was verifi ed in dictionaries of foreign words. The text presents the quantitative and qualitative arrangement of lexical and semantic fi elds. The research has shown that nearly a half of the analysed material, i.e. the borrowed verbs going out of use, belonged to the fi eld «human being in a society», and primarily to the following sub-fi elds: ‹interpersonal relationships› and ‹social relationships›.

La perception d'objet et la perception d'action sont étroitement liées. La perception visuelle des objets amène à la perception des composants d'actions évoqués par ces objets : les micro-affordances. De nombreuses preuves ont souligné l'existence de ces affordances, correspondant à l'évocation de saisies de différentes mains (main gauche/droite), de saisies de différentes tailles (main entière/pince fine) ou d'orientations de poignet différentes (saisie verticale/horizontale). Cependant, les scènes naturelles sont rarement composées d'un seul mais de plusieurs objets pouvant évoquer multiples affordances. Ces affordances multiples pourraient avoir un impact sur le traitement perceptif des objets. De plus, les objets présentés dans une même scène sont généralement liés sémantiquement, car faisant partie du même contexte. Les relations sémantiques entre les objets pourraient alors moduler la façon dont nous percevons les objets et leurs affordances. Les relations thématiques entre objets (clé-cadenas) sont particulièrement intéressantes car elles partagent des mécanismes neurocognitifs avec la représentation des gestes d'utilisation d'objet. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les conséquences de l'évocation de multiples affordances sur le traitement perceptif et la sélection d'un objet donné dans des scènes naturelles. Nous avons évalué l'impact de la similarité des affordances sur la sélection d'objets et la façon dont les relations thématiques entre objets modulent le traitement perceptif de ceux-ci. Dans une première étude comportementale en ligne utilisant un paradigme de compatibilité stimulus-réponse, nous avons mis en évidence un coût de traitement lorsque des paires d'objets non-reliées et orientées pour une saisie main gauche/droite évoquaient des affordances similaires. La similarité des affordances ralentissait la sélection de la cible. En outre, le coût engendré par des affordances de saisie mains gauche/droite était limité aux situations pertinentes pour l'action, pour des réponses utilisant la main dominante et lorsque la réponse était compatible avec l'affordance évoqué par l'objet cible. Lors d'une deuxième expérience comportementale en laboratoire utilisant un paradigme similaire dans un environnement 3D, nous avons pu étendre ces premiers résultats aux affordances de tailles de saisies. Nous avons démontré un coût de traitement perceptif lorsque des paires d'objets évoquaient des affordances de taille de saisie similaires. En outre, nous avons mis en évidence une suppression du coût des affordances similaires sur la sélection de la cible lorsque les objets étaient thématiquement liés. Dans une troisième étude neurophysiologique utilisant l'électroencéphalographie, nous avons évalué les corrélats du coût entraîné par les affordances similaires sur la désynchronisation du rythme µ, reflétant l'activité du réseau neuronal moteur au cours de la perception. Les résultats ont révélé que pendant la sélection de la cible, la désynchronisation μ était réduite lorsque les affordances étaient similaires plutôt que dissimilaires. Cet effet disparaissait lorsque les objets étaient thématiquement liés. Dans l'ensemble, les preuves comportementales et neurophysiologiques soutiennent le modèle d'inhibition des affordances de Vainio et Ellis (2020) et Caligiore et al. (2013). Suivant l'hypothèse d'inhibition, un observateur doit inhiber les objets distracteurs pour sélectionner l'objet cible. Lorsque les objets évoquent des affordances similaires, l'inhibition de l'objet distracteur et de ses affordances conduit à l'inhibition automatique de l'affordance de la cible, ralentissant son traitement. Cette thèse fournit de nouvelles preuves comportementales et neuronales en faveur du modèle d'inhibition des affordances et de la sélection d'objets en situation naturelles. En outre, il démontre pour la première fois le rôle des relations sémantiques dans la régulation de l'inhibition des affordances dans des scènes naturelles
Object perception and action perception are closely interrelated. Perceiving visual objects also leads to the perception of various grasping components evoked by the objects, known as micro-affordances. We have numerous pieces of evidence that a single object may evoke micro-affordances such as a right- or left-hand grasp depending on object handle orientation or a power or precision grip depending on object size. However, natural scenes are usually composed of several objects evoking multiple affordances that may impact object perceptual processing. Moreover, objects presented in a common scene are usually semantically related, as they are part of the same context. The semantic relations between objects may then modulate how one perceives objects and their affordances. In this view, thematic relations between objects (e.g., key-lock) are particularly interesting as they share cognitive and neural substrates with use gesture knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the consequences of the evocation of multiple affordances on the perception and selection of a given object in naturalistic scenes. We investigated how the similarity of affordances would impact object selection and how thematic relations between objects would modulate object perceptual processing. In a first online behavioral study using a stimulus and response compatibility paradigm, we highlighted a processing cost when pairs of unrelated objects had similar right- or left-hand grasp affordances, with the similarity of affordances slowing down target selection. Furthermore, the cost entailed by similar handle affordances was restricted to action relevant situations, when responding with the dominant hand and when the response was compatible with the affordance of the target. In a second behavioral experiment using the stimulus and response compatibility paradigm in a 3D environment, we were able to extend these first findings to other types of micro-affordances (grasp size affordances). Again, we demonstrated a perceptual processing cost when pairs of objects had similar grasp size affordances. Furthermore, we highlighted a suppression of the cost entailed by similar affordances on target selection when objects were thematically related. In a third neurophysiological study using electroencephalography, we evaluated the correlates of the cost entailed by similar affordances on µ rhythm desynchronization, which is assumed to reflect the activity of the motor neural network during perception. Results revealed that during target selection, μ desynchronization was reduced when affordances were similar in comparison to dissimilar. This effect disappeared when objects were thematically related. Overall, behavioral and neurophysiological evidence support the model of affordance inhibition proposed by Vainio and Ellis (2020) and Caligiore et al. (2013). According to the inhibition hypothesis, the observer needs to inhibit distractor objects to select the target object. When the different objects in the scene have similar affordances, inhibition of the distractor object and its affordances leads to the automatic inhibition of the target affordance, which slows down target processing. The present work provides behavioral and neural evidence in favor of the inhibition model of affordance and object selection in more naturalistic scenes involving familiar meaningful objects. In addition, it first demonstrates the role of semantic relations in the regulation of affordance inhibition in naturalistic scenes

This chapter argues that the English resultative construction denotes a single event involving two predicates. Therefore, only a single EP is involved in the syntactic derivation. The special thematic relationship is due to constraints imposed by the Integration Conditions proposed in Chapter 2. Dispensing with the CAUSE head of the event decomposition approach, this chapter explains the possible lack of causative meaning in English resultatives. A secondary predicate in a resultative can get a dynamic BECOME meaning (such as flat in John hammered the metal flat) because the secondary predicate shares the dynamic [iDiv] feature provided by V. Since both the activity denoted by the matrix V and the dynamic change of state take place in the same temporal scope of EP, the interpretation of a potential (and cancellable) culmination point is derived.

The philosophy of language is central to the concerns of those working across semantics, pragmatics and cognition, as well as the philosophy of mind and ideas. Bringing together an international team of leading scholars, this handbook provides a comprehensive guide to contemporary investigations into the relationship between language, philosophy, and linguistics. Chapters are grouped into thematic areas and cover a wide range of topics, from key philosophical notions, such as meaning, truth, reference, names and propositions, to characteristics of the most recent research in the field, including logicality of language, vagueness in natural language, value judgments, slurs, deception, proximization in discourse, argumentation theory and linguistic relativity. It also includes chapters that explore selected linguistic theories and their philosophical implications, providing a much-needed interdisciplinary perspective. Showcasing the cutting-edge in research in the field, this book is essential reading for philosophers interested in language and linguistics, and linguists interested in philosophical analyses.

Roles as argument places in a positionalist account of relations are pervasive in conceptual data modelling and linguistics, known also as components of a relationship and as semantic, thematic, or deep roles as parts of a verb or verb class, respectively. They are also planned to be used in Abstract Wikipedia that seeks to combine them. There is, however, no insight in systematic or ontologically sound usage of such roles, in contradistinction to the ample attention given to aligning classes to nouns and relationships to verbs. Roles, as identifiable argument places, may benefit from similar efforts toward an ontology of roles. We aim to take a first step in that direction in a two-pronged approach. First, we conducted an analysis of a set of 101 conceptual data models on their use of roles. Second, we analysed VerbNet, an authoritative linguistic knowledge base on thematic roles. The results show promise for improvements of naming roles in conceptual data models. VerbNet’s roles are challenging to align to an ontology due to its mixing of the ontological and linguistic layers and flexibility of natural language. The insights obtained also indicate ample avenues for further research.

The Web is a crucial means for the dissemination of touristic information. However, most touristic information resources are stored directly in Web pages or in relational databases that are accessible through ad-hoc Web applications, and the use of automated processes to search, extract and interpret information can hardly be implemented. The Semantic Web technologies, aiming at representing the background knowledge about Web resources in a computational way, can be an important contribution to the development of such automated processes. This chapter introduces the concept of touristic object, giving special attention to the representation of temporal, spatial, and thematic knowledge. It also proposes a three-layered architecture for the representation of touristic objects in the Web. The central part is the domain layer, defining a Semantic Model for Tourism (SeMoT) to describe concepts, relationships, and constraints using ontologies. The data layer supports the mapping of touristic information in relational databases into Resource Description Framework (RDF) virtual graphs following the SeMoT specification. The application layer deals with the integration of information from different data sources into a unified knowledge model, offering a common vocabulary to describe touristic information resources. Finally, we also show how to use this framework for planning touristic itineraries.

Abstract An important conclusion from the discussion of the semantics of event predicates is that the Decompositional markers which capture the semantic content of predicates do not correspond to the thematic roles posited by the thematic theories. A Decompositional approach to the representation of events is thus incompatible with a thematic approach to these representations.

For personal assistive technologies to effectively support users, they need a user model that records information about the user, such as their goals, values, and context. Knowledge-based techniques can model the relationships between these concepts, enabling the support agent to act in accordance with the user’s values. However, user models require updating over time to accommodate changes and continuously align with what the user deems important. In our work, we propose and investigate the use of human-agent alignment dialogues for establishing whether user model updates are needed and acquiring the necessary information for these updates. In this paper, we perform an exploratory qualitative focus group study in which we investigate participants’ opinions about written examples of alignment dialogues, as a foundation for their design. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. A main theme that emerged concerns the potential impact of agent utterances on the user’s feelings about themselves and about the agent.

Abstract One of the central issues in modern linguistics has been the relationship between syntax (or grammar) and semantics (or meaning). Obviously, the two are interconnected–language consists of constructions that are both well-formed and meaningful. When the syntactic structure of a sentence is altered, its meaning is often changed with it. But what are the extent and nature of the interconnection? Are there, for example, linguistic phenomena which belong to syntax alone or to semantics alone? The question has often been asked concerning deviant sentences: are there sentences which are grammatically ill-formed but semantically meaningful, or others which are grammatically sound but semantically nonsensical? A wide range of answers has been proposed, indicating that the question is dependent on the theoretical framework within which it is posed.

The words in the lexicon are arranged in order. The concept of lexical semantic organization has been endorsed by several proponents, who believe that words from the same lexical category are arranged in a module. Words that share a common theme or conceptual relationship are also assumed to be arranged in specific modules. The former is called a taxonomic relationship while the latter is called a thematic relationship. The arrangement of words in specific modules becomes relevant in explaining the lexical-semantic development in children and also in explaining clinical aspects like priming and cueing for different child language and adult language disorders. The current book chapter provides an overview of the models proposed in explaining the lexical-semantic organization and the contemporary aspects pertaining to the lexical-semantic organization and can facilitate the reader's knowledge about the lexical-semantic organization, which further can help in understanding the theoretical basis of the clinical phenomenon.

The article reveals the conceptual, semantic and procedural aspects of the application of pedagogical technologies in the process of forming the reading competence of students of philology in classes on the history of Ukrainian literature during the study of Ukrainian neoclassicists. The notion of pedagogical technologies, reading competence of future linguists, neoclassicism is specified and their explanation in the field of methods of teaching Ukrainian literature is given. Thus, the interpretation of reading competence is based on establishing relationships between similar concepts of competencies and competencies, according to which reading competence is interpreted as a social norm alienated from the subject to the student’s educational training necessary for his quality productive activity in reading. Instead, it is proposed to call reading competence the acquired ability of a student acquired in the process of teaching literature, consisting of knowledge, skills, experience, values and attitudes, which are fully realized in the process of practice. In addition, the interpretation of reading competence as a subject and as a component of the professional competence of the future vocabulary allowed to outline a number of important for future vocabulary reading competencies. Modeling the development of students’ reading competence by means of a work of art is proposed to be carried out on the basis of problem-based learning technologies, group work and local technology of problem-style analysis. The peculiarities of integrated teaching of literary, psychological, pedagogical and methodological disciplines are revealed, in particular the importance of purposeful formation of innovative consciousness of students during their mastering of literary courses by detailed description of step - by - step procedure of achievement of planned didactic goal is emphasized. A notable feature of the procedural part of the technologicalization of the pedagogical process is the optimal interaction of forms of traditional and innovative learning. Theoretical provisions are illustrated by the example of designing pedagogical tools for organizing independent reading of poetry by students of M. Dry-Khmara in order to determine the bright constants and thematic-semantic paradigms of individual poetics of the famous representative of neoclassical literary style. For this purpose, the formation of student creative groups is envisaged, the number of which is determined by the number of discussed dominants of M. Dry-Khmara’s individual style, which have become peculiar carriers of the integrity of lyrical works: 1) antinomy «freedom – slavery»; 2) the dominant «blood»; 3) the dominant motive «dream» – «death» – «life». The specificity of this work is to develop an algorithm for an approximate system of tasks for problem-style analysis of works by each of the creative groups, the solution of which brings students closer to understanding the author’s style of neoclassical poet and prepares for analytical-synthetic conversation in the audience. The result of the work carried out by means of technologicalization of the educational process is an approximate report of one of the creative groups of students during the practical lesson. As a result, the leading features of technologicalization of the formation of reading competence of students of philology in the course of their study of the poetic works of Ukrainian neoclassicists are formulated.

The article deals with three short stories by Z.N. Gippius: “Vanya and Marie” (1924), “Marina and Katerina (Parallels)” (1931), “Vanya Pugachev and Vanya Rumyantsev” (1933). The stories, which reflect the relationship between Russia and Europe, demonstrate, according to the author’s intention, not just separate “cases” of human destinies and individualities, but the deeplying foundations of the national character and the Russian revolution of 1917. The objectives of the article are to study the constants and evolution of Gippius’ ideas on “the change of times, the deep difference of cultures, countries and peoples” “against the background of the ‛eternal’,” i. e. love, as she puts it in the story “Marina and Katerina”. Narrative structure, motive and thematic echoes, mental stereotypes and artistic topoi of these short stories are revealed. The commonality of problems and structure allows to consider the selected texts as a single semantic series, reflecting Gippius’ views on the relationship between Russia and Europe, and the “rewriting” of the story “Vanya and Marie” in the story “Vanya Pugachev and Vanya Rumyantsev” especially helps to identify the evolutionary vector of these views. The stories are also compared with the journalism and criticism of Gippius, in which similar ideas are expressed.

The work is a development of the research conducted by the authors in the field of creating a Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK). The CDSSK is a digital information structure aggregating heterogeneous polythematic information related to scientific knowledge and including a set of subspaces related to various thematic scientific areas. The sources of the CDSSK content are existing information systems, such as the Great Russian Encyclopedia, the Unified Catalog of Geographical Names, the National Electronic Library, etc. A distinctive features of the CDSSK are (a) data support in a structure that complies with the rules of the semantic WEB, and (b) the ability to process a wide range of polythematic queries and provide the ability to navigate through heterogeneous resources using semantic links between them. The real design of the CDSSK should begin with the formation of the ontology of space as a whole and its individual subspaces. In this paper, a hierarchical structuring of the CDSSK ontology is proposed. Such elements as "subspace", "class of objects", "object", "attributes of an object", three types of relations of objects and attributes (universal, quasi-universal and specific) are distinguished and defined. the concepts "reference books" and "dictionaries" of the CDSSK are introduced. Reference books contain information about attributes and their relationships and are used in the processes of content formation and implementation of search and navigation logic; dictionaries contain specific values of attributes and relationships. The formalization of these elements representations is proposed, which makes it quite simple to add, as necessary, new attributes and relationships between objects.

Structural analysis of “Not a Wreath of Sonnets” by A. Eremenko allowed the author to discover semantic contradictions between the levels of the text. Thus, at the lexical level, lexically explicit various kinds of gaps, inconsistencies, the absence of external connections in the picture of the universe and the lyrical subject’s relationship with it are observed, which is reflected in the deliberate frequent use of the particle “not”, starting with the title “Not a Wreath of Sonnets,” an emphasized break with the poetic tradition at the level of direct formulations in the first sonnet, Fet: “will leave forever”, in the second sonnet, variations on the theme of a “broken” language / wrong word arise and then repeat, up to its loss and transformation into “barking” (in Sonnet 11). The identified lexical-thematic group of words with the meaning of language, speaking, communication, presented quite widely and diversely, made it possible to interpret communication, the forms of which are revealed in the texts, as disturbed and devoid of understanding. In the world, nothing corresponds to anything and nothing is connected to anything: “wrong”, “not right”, “by chance”, “at random”, “nature does not look at us”, “the pigeon does not depend on the conditions in which it reproduces” giraffe”, “a thought is not equivalent to a word”, etc. At the same time, the analysis of the subjective organization of the text of “Not a Wreath of Sonnets” gives the ground for asserting the presence of a multi-address dialogue of the lyrical subject (me) with various “you” in it.Thus, the article reveals the meaning-forming role of a subject organization, focused on the dialogue, on communication with various “you”, in affirming the continuity/inevitability of communication as a new way of “connectedness” of the world: in the absence of external connections in the usual meaning of closeness, “friendliness”, the subject’s fatality is recorded on different forms of communication with the world and in the world, the fundamental impossibility of being taken out of them, its dialogical appeal to various aspects of existence.