Academic literature on the topic 'Semantic path transformations'

This work reasonably substitutes the literary and aesthetic understanding of metaphor as a poetic technique of expressiveness with the epistemological understanding of metaphor as an instrument for expanding the semantic possibilities of perception. Ontological dimension of a metaphor is reconstructed in accordance with the concept of “inertia” of nature. Nature repeatedly reproduces the previously acquired in some area of the phenomenal, while appearance of a human proliferated such reproduction to the area of the noumenal. Repetition of such reproductions of the acquired testifies to the fractality of being. Metaphor turns the linear evolution of semantics into a complex nonlinear process through topological transformations. It becomes most efficient in the cataphatic operation of “composition”. Unlike apophaticism, metaphor not only takes to a new level of cognition, but also arranges all these levels in accordance with the fractal nature of being. Therefore, metaphor is the primary means for transforming fractality into an epistemological tool in the area of the noumenal. If analytical reasoning fractionize the idea, by increasing the entropy of semantics, the metaphorical assertions reduce it, focusing the thought and synthesizing new semantic patterns. Such a focus fractalizes semantics, which should ultimately result in a semantic explosion and, most likely, bring a man closer to God.

Graphs with a large number of nodes and edges are difficult to visualize. Semantic graphs add to the challenge since their nodes and edges have types and this information must be mirrored in the visualization. A common approach to cope with this difficulty is to omit certain nodes and edges, displaying sub-graphs of smaller size. However, other transformations can be used to summarize semantic graphs and this research explores a particular one, both to reduce the graph?s size and to focus on its path patterns. A-graphs are a novel kind of graph designed to highlight path patterns using this kind of summarization. They are composed of a-nodes connected by a-edges, and these reflect respectively edges and nodes of the semantic graph. A-graphs trade the visualization of nodes and edges by the visualization of graph path patterns involving typed edges. Thus, they are targeted to users that require a deep understanding of the semantic graph it represents, in particular of its path patterns, rather than to users wanting to browse the semantic graph?s content. A-graphs help programmers querying the semantic graph or designers of semantic measures interested in using it as a semantic proxy. Hence, a-graphs are not expected to compete with other forms of semantic graph visualization but rather to be used as a complementary tool. This paper provides a precise definition both of a-graphs and of the mapping of semantic graphs into a-graphs. Their visualization is obtained with a-graphs diagrams. A web application to visualize and interact with these diagrams was implemented to validate the proposed approach. Diagrams of well-known semantic graphs are presented to illustrate the use of agraphs for discovering path patterns in different settings, such as the visualization of massive semantic graphs, the codification of SPARQL or the definition of semantic measures. The validation with large semantic graphs is the basis for a discussion on the insights provided by a-graphs on large semantic graphs: the difference between a-graphs and ontologies, path pattern visualization using a-graphs and the challenges posed by large semantic graphs.

AbstractDewell (1994), following Brugman (1981) and Lakoff (1987), provides a semantic analysis ofoverby relying more exclusively on image-schema transformations than did Brugman and Lakoff. The Brugman-Lakoff-Dewell analysis, however, can be improved by using simpler image-schemas, more natural image-schema transformations, and metaphorical extensions. A key idea adopted in the present article is to capture both trajectors and landmarks three-dimensionally and topologically. This modification brings about the elimination of unessential features such as the shape and size of the trajector and the landmark, contact/non-contact between the trajector and the landmark, and physical properties of the trajector. Its main advantage is that a central image-schema for a semicircular path provides the basis for explaining all of the senses ofoverusing natural image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions. The proposed image-schema transformations include: segment profiling, profiling the endpoint of access paths, the profiled peak position of the semicircular path with the constraint that the rest of the semicircular path is excluded, and the extension of the semicircular path-trajectory to an image of covering. The proposed metaphorical senses aretime, means,andcontrol.In addition, the radial category relating each sense ofoveris presented.

We consider semantic and syntactic transformations of the concept of "the logical" in the ancient philosophy in the form of crypto-logos, para-logismos, dia-logos, and syl-logismos. We interpret Heraclitus' concept of Logos as a cryptologos through which intuitive insight (epístasthai gnóomen) reveals hidden or implicit harmony (harmoníe aphanés) in nature (phýsis) as a conceptual unity of ontic opposites (tà enantía). In Pramenides' paraconsistent concept of the identity of Being and thought, we point to para-logical hypotheses about the One that are carried out through antithetical deductions of thought and which maintain the dynamics of the ontic determinations of being (ón) in the statics of the conceptual determinations of Being (tò eînai). As the beginning of the explicative granulation of ''the logical'' we consider Plato's concept of the dialectical skill (dialektikè tékhne) of dividing concepts of genus into species and sub-species that logically represent ontic opposites in problem-formulated questions. Finally Aristotle's concept of lógos as a statement-making sentence / proposition (lógos apophantikós) made explicit the Being (tò eînai), or the Being as Being (tò ón hê ón), in semantic and syntactic figures and modes of syllogistic inferences in which ontological (eînai), ontic (ón), conceptual (logikôos) and linguistic (légomenon) correspondence is shown. We conclude that with these changes in the concept of lógos, the path has been taken from the hidden or implicit Truth of the phenomena of nature and the world (pân) to explicit truthfulness of propositions as the unhiddeness (alétheia) of Being trough the semantical and syntactical visibility of the logical structures of being, thought and language in scientific knowledge based on demonstration (apoódeiksis).

Semantic and functional transformation of words is a common feature of all languages and has been one of the hot topics in language research. Being a common word in modern Chinese, “si” (death) has gone through the process of semantic transformation many times and has had multiple meanings. Previous researches mainly focus on the classification of various meanings of “death”, the differences and characteristics of the meaning of “si” (death) in different syntactic positions, and the intuitive research on the causes and paths of semantic transformation, but the latter is not systematical. In order to solve the problem, cognitive linguistics has put forward prototype category theory to find out the general rules of semantic and functional transformation. Prototype category theory emphasizes the motivation of the semantic transformation of words when guiding us to study the semantic transformation of words. Our study finds that the relationship between the new meanings derived from semantic transformation and the original meaning of “si” (death) can be reasonably explained by the prototype category theory in cognitive linguistics. This discovery proves from the reverse side that the prototype category is the main way of semantic and functional transformation of Chinese words, which fully demonstrates that the semantic and functional transformation of Chinese words conforms to the cognitive law of human beings, having strong motivation.

Statement of the problem. Translation of fiction is one of the most difficult types of translation. Translators face an incredible task: to recreate a text in another language so that it does not lose its meaning, visual component, aesthetic impact on a reader and, most importantly, the author must be heard and understood. Preservation of a linguistic image is also a requirement for translation of a literary text. Among other things, knowledge of cultural characteristics of peoples, their mentality, traditions and lifestyle help a translator in the process of work. However, we must not forget about an important factor that can affect the perception of the original and subsequently affect the quality of the translation. Each of us has a certain set of psychological characteristics that somehow affect our lives, our views and beliefs. The translator is no exception. The choice of a word, the creation of a semantic image hides the personality, temperament and portrait of a translator. As a result of all these components, a translator’s own idiostyle appears. The purpose of the article is to analyze reflections of personal characteristics of professional translators and students (at the Department of Foreign Languages of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev) in translation of fiction on the example of Ray Bradbury’s work “Fahrenheit 451”. Methodology includes analysis of psychological and linguistic literature on the research problem, a method of lexicographic and contextual analysis, conduction of a survey, statistical processing of the data obtained. Conclusions. During the study, it was revealed that the choice of vocabulary, the usage of translation transformations, the interpretation of various linguistic units largely depends on a person’s character, temperament, worldview, emotions, and imagination. The same word can be understood in different ways. This trend can be traced not only among those who are professionally engaged in translation, but also among those who are just getting on this path.

Abstract: In promoting the necessary consolidation of the discipline, text linguistics has supplanted the linguistics of languages, as well as language linguistics. For indeed, text linguistics is the branch which makes it possible to integrate the significant contribution of corpus linguistics. In addition, the text has been acknowledged as the main grounds for articulation bewteen internal descriptions – particularly syntactic descriptions –, and external descriptions – particularly pragmatic descriptions. The conception of the text as elaborated within the framework of interpretive semantics is compatible with textometric models and tools. In particular, the assisted characterization of passages enables one to portray textual activity as transformation chains, also known as metamorphisms, as much within the text as within the intertext gathered by the corpus. In order to characterize such transformations, some examples may be provided, namely passages which have been rewritten in a work’s genetic file; similar passages found within several works by a same author; text commentaries regarded as rewriting acts; to conclude, paths resorting to many works for the interpretation of a passage. All this leads us to re-consider text modelization by taking corpora into consideration. It also creates an urge to redefine textuality according to intertextuality.

This paper presents REWOrD, an approach to compute semantic relatedness between entities in the Web of Data representing real word concepts. REWOrD exploits the graph nature of RDF data and the SPARQL query language to access this data. Through simple queries, REWOrD constructs weighted vectors keeping the informativeness of RDF predicates used to make statements about the entities being compared. The most informative path is also considered to further refine informativeness. Relatedness is then computed by the cosine of the weighted vectors. Differently from previous approaches based on Wikipedia, REWOrD does not require any prepro- cessing or custom data transformation. Indeed, it can lever- age whatever RDF knowledge base as a source of background knowledge. We evaluated REWOrD in different settings by using a new dataset of real word entities and investigate its flexibility. As compared to related work on classical datasets, REWOrD obtains comparable results while, on one side, it avoids the burden of preprocessing and data transformation and, on the other side, it provides more flexibility and applicability in a broad range of domains.

Depending on the type of information network, information network embedding is classified into homogeneous information network embedding and heterogeneous information network (HIN) embedding. Compared with the homogeneous network, HIN composition is more complex and contains richer semantics. At present, the research on homogeneous information network embedding is relatively mature. However, if the homogeneous information network model is directly applied to HIN, it will cause incomplete information extraction. It is necessary to build a specialized embedding model for HIN. Learning information network embedding based on the meta-path is an effective approach to extracting semantic information. Nevertheless, extracting HIN embedding only from a single view will cause information loss. To solve these problems, we propose a multi-view fusion-based HIN embedding model, called MFHE. MFHE includes four parts: node feature space transformation, subview information extraction, multi-view information fusion, and training. MFHE divides HIN into different subviews based on meta-paths, models the local information accurately in the subviews based on the multi-head attention mechanism, and then fuses subview information through a spatial matrix. In this paper, we consider the relationship between subviews; thus, the MFHE is applicable to complex HIN embedding. Experiments are conducted on ACM and DBLP datasets. Compared with baselines, the experimental results demonstrate that the effectiveness of MFHE and HIN embedding has been improved.

Software development is more often than not a collaborative process, creating a need for tools and file formats that enable developers to create and share succinct representations of changes to source code in order to facilitate efficient communication. Standard POSIX diffs and patches have long been important parts of the toolkit, but their lack of support for the syntax and semantics of specific programming languages results in limited expressiveness. The Semantic Patch Language (SmPL), introduced in 2006 together with the tool Coccinelle, increases the expressiveness of POSIX-style patches for the C programming language by leveraging support for the syntax and semantics of C. For example, an SmPL patch can specify changes to source code using metavariables that bind arbitrary program variable names, allowing for the specification of transformations involving variable references regardless of what specific variable names appear in programs targeted by the patch. A recent development is Coccinelle4J, a prototype modification of Coccinelle targeting the Java programming language. Coccinelle4J remains based on a toolkit designed for the parsing and modeling of C, adapted to operate on Java source code. The language mismatch of the base toolkit gives rise to limitations. Despite this, Coccinelle4J remains the state of the art for an SmPL targeting Java. In this thesis we lay the foundations for an SmPL for Java based on Spoon, a robust Java metaprogramming toolkit. We qualitatively investigate to which extent the features of SmPL and Coccinelle are generalizable to a Java context, and we implement and evaluate SPOON-SMPL, a prototype SmPL tool for Java based on Spoon. We base the core design of SPOON-SMPL on temporal logic and model checking, heavily inspired by the design of Coccinelle. We find the majority of identified SmPL features to generalize for Java. We quantitatively evaluate SPOON-SMPL by comparing the running time performance to that of Coccinelle4J over a set of six semantic patches with associated real-world project code bases used in an API migration case study originally performed by the authors of Coccinelle4J. Additionally, we compare the running times of SPOON-SMPL to the average build time of each associated project. We find that SPOON-SMPL performs worse than Coccinelle4J, but that the performance remains in a range acceptable for a single developer using inexpensive hardware. Finally, we provide two proposed designs for extensions to SPOON-SMPL along with a set of suggestions for future work. The proposals show that our prototype offers a strong potential to leverage the capabilities of the Spoon library, particularly in providing improved and robust support for certain aspects of Java for which Coccinelle4J provides only limited support.
Mjukvaruutveckling är ofta en kollaborativ process med behov av effektiv kommunikation. Ett centralt inslag i denna kommunikation är möjligheten för utvecklare att skapa och sinsemellan dela kortfattade sammanfattningar över källkodsändringar. De POSIX-standardiserade verktygen diff och patch har länge utgjort en viktig del av verktygslådan, men deras avsaknad av stöd för syntax och semantik hos specifika programspråk ger upphov till en begränsad uttrycksfullhet. Semantic Patch Language (SmPL), introducerat år 2006 tillsammans med verktyget Coccinelle, erbjuder ökad uttrycksfullhet i POSIXliknande patchar för programspråket C. En SmPL-patch kan bland annat använda metavariabler, logiska variabelnamn som binder godtyckliga programvariabler, för att specificera transformationer som berör variabelreferenser oavsett vilka variabelnamn som förekommer i målprogrammet. Coccinelle4J, en modifikation av Coccinelle, är en nyligen framtagen prototyp på ett SmPLverktyg för programspråket Java. Coccinelle4J baseras på en teknisk grund designad för tolkning och bearbetning av C som anpassats till att bearbeta Java. Språkskillnader gör det svårt att få en heltäckande anpassning, vilket leder till ett begränsat stöd för vissa av Javas egenskaper. Trots detta är Coccinelle4J i dagsläget den främsta lösningen för SmPL för Java. I denna avhandling tar vi de första stegen mot ett SmPL för Java baserat på Spoon, ett robust metaprogrammeringsbibliotek för Java. Vi undersöker kvalitativt vilka egenskaper hos SmPL och Coccinelle som kan generaliseras till Java, samt implementerar och utvärderar SPOON-SMPL, en prototyp på ett SmPL-verktyg för Java baserat på Spoon. Designen av SPOON-SMPL är kraftigt inspirerad av Coccinelle, och baseras på temporallogik och modellprövning. Vi finner att en klar majoritet av de egenskaper vi identifierat hos SmPL och Coccinelle låter sig generaliseras till Java. Vi utvärderar kvantitativt SPOON-SMPL genom att jämföra körtidsprestandan mot Coccinelle4J över sex semantiska patchar med tillhörande projektkodbaser som ursprungligen användes i en fallstudie kring API-migrering utförd av teamet bakom Coccinelle4J. Vi jämför även körtidsprestandan mot byggnadstiden för vardera projekt. Vi finner att körtidsprestandan hos SPOONSMPL är sämre än Coccinelle4J, men att den trots det befinner sig inom ett område som är acceptabelt för en enskild mjukvaruutvecklare med en enkel persondator. Slutligen presenterar vi två detaljerade förslag till utökningar av SPOON-SMPL tillsammans med en uppsättning förslag för framtida arbete. Vi visar genom detta att vår prototyp har en kraftfull potential för utökningar som drar nytta av de funktioner som finns i Spoon, i synnerhet kring ett förbättrat och robust stöd för vissa egenskaper hos Java där Coccinelle4J endast erbjuder ett begränsat stöd.

The Semantic Web research community understood since its beginning how crucial it is to equip practitioners with methods to transform non-RDF resources into RDF. Proposals focus on either engineering content transformations or accessing non-RDF resources with SPARQL. Existing solutions require users to learn specific mapping languages (e.g. RML), to know how to query and manipulate a variety of source formats (e.g. XPATH, JSON-Path), or to combine multiple languages (e.g. SPARQL Generate). In this paper, we explore an alternative solution and contribute a general-purpose meta-model for converting non-RDF resources into RDF: Facade-X. Our approach can be implemented by overriding the SERVICE operator and does not require to extend the SPARQL syntax. We compare our approach with the state of art methods RML and SPARQL Generate and show how our solution has lower learning demands and cognitive complexity, and it is cheaper to implement and maintain, while having comparable extensibility and efficiency.

The museum “House of Pasternak” has opened in the village of Vsevolod- Vilva of the Alexandrovsky district of the Perm Territory of the Russian Federation in 2009. Its expositions tell about the poet’s stay in the Urals in 1916; but the museum has no exhibits that have the memorial status. The only living witness of Pasternak’s stay here is the cedar, as well as natural landscapes, which captured in the lyrics of 1916 and the novel “Doctor Zhivago” (1945–1955). In the “House of Pasternak” natural environment and poetic paths have become a full-fledged object of display, but in order to designate these objects as genuine elements of the landscape, are needed a project method and a geopoetic approach. The research of phytonyms in the lyrics of Pasternak led the authors of the project to create the concept of “The Poet’s Garden” — a landscape exposition in which botanical and geo-ethical images determine the structure — the poetic matrix of the landscape. The intersection of poetry and the components of the natural landscape forms toposes — a semantic space, in which, thanks to the events taking place, the plots of being manifest themselves. Thematic zones of “The Poet’s Garden” construct a literary landscape, each step along which is the path along the milestones of the life of the poet and of any person, the world of things that surrounds us becomes the subject of inspiration. The thematic zones of “The Poet’s Garden” should be perceived in motion. Each step here is a new stage in the formation of a creative personality: “Childhood”, “Falling in love”, “Separation”, “Youth”, “Maturity”, “Eternity”. Each thematic zone is supplemented with art objects, which represent the episodes of Pasternak’s biography and their poetic reflection. The garden expands the exposition space of museum and allows to generate additional meanings.

The study of Ernest Hemingway’s work never loses its relevance, because with each aspect revealed, scientists discover new and unknown limits to its potential. That is why we decided to reveal the issue of the extension of the sentence model and its complicated structure in the autobiographical novel A Farewell to Arms. The aim is to determine lexical and semantic aspects of the extension of the sentence model, including repetition and its types in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms. This paper investigates stylistic devices of repetition (consecutive contact repetition, anaphora, epiphora, framing, reduplication, chiasm), enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, and parallelism. The lexical and semantic aspects of these figures are analysed according to the methods of content analysis, comparative method, deduction, and logical approach. The main definitions are given and the theoretical basis of the studied phenomenon is described. Communicative functions, structural types, and the classification of certain stylistic devices are analysed. A comparison of the indicated units in the Ukrainian translation and in the work in the original language is made. The hidden meanings are embedded in the means of repetition and used in the novel. Conclusions are made about the novel by Ernest Hemingway. To summarize, we want to highlight the writer’s impressive potential for skill and efficiency in the use of stylistic figures. He portrayed war as a series of recurring phenomena, beginning with the first chapter. This is what helped to recreate the semantic colour and general message of the novel, allowing the reader to fully experience the atmosphere of past events. Thus, the use of such devices as repetition, enumeration, tautology, polysyndeton, and parallelism are important components in any novel, because they carry a significant baggage of communicative functions and meanings. The results extend our knowledge of their communicative functions, structure, and assigned features. With a database of all links, the reader could fully understand the significance of their usage and the transformation of the story they led to. Practical implication. Thegreater demand for translation from English to Ukrainian justifies the need for more effective approaches, and this research paper will help to understand more about the different lexical-semantic aspects and peculiarities of the translation. Value. The paper will expand the knowledge of Ernest Hemingway’s style of writing for those who are directly concerned with his creative path.

Huayao cross-stitch is one of the first intangible cultural heritage in China, providing a rich source of aesthetic and cultural connotations for creative design.Construction of a database serves as an effective measure to strengthen the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. However, the effective reuse of the digital resources relies on the explorations and investigation of their cultural elements. Based on the cultural background of “pictorial artworks from Chinese traditional patterns all have meanings intended”, this paper takes “Huayao cross-stitch” patterns as an example to analyze their aesthetics. It proposes a transformation path for AI-assisted design and establishes a pattern semantic segmentation system and uses word2vec algorithm to strengthen the search system, uses pix2pix model and random algorithm to color and intelligently generate images, and explores the method of AI-assisted design without losing the traditional charm of “Huayao cross-stitch” patterns. This study can provide new ideas for the reuse of digital cultural resource and promote the value of ethnic patterns in modern times.