Books on the topic 'Semantic gap'

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1

Kwaśnicka, Halina, and Lakhmi C. Jain, eds. Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image and Video Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73891-8.

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2

Paliouras, Georgios. Knowledge-Driven Multimedia Information Extraction and Ontology Evolution: Bridging the Semantic Gap. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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3

Hopfgartner, Frank. Unterstanding video retrieval: Approaches to bridge the Semantic Gap, evaluation strategies and state-of-the-art systems. Saarbrücken: VDM, Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007.

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4

Roger G. van de Velde. On meaning gaps and illusions. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer, 1991.

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5

C. H. J. van der Merwe. The Old Hebrew particle gam: A syntactic-semantic description of gam in Gn-2Kg. St. Ottilien [Germany]: EOS-Verlag, 1990.

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6

Xun gu xue gai lun. Fuzhou: Fujian ren min chu ban she, 1988.

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7

Xun gu wen xue cong gao. Nanjing Shi: Jiangsu gu ji chu ban she, 2001.

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8

Zhang, Shilu. Zhongguo wen zi xue gai yao. [Beijing: Beijing zhong xian tuo fang ke ji fa zhan you xian gong si, 2012.

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9

Han yu yu yi zhi xiang lun gao. Changchun: Dong Bei shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2005.

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10

"Shuo wen" yu xun gu yu fa lun gao. Hefei Shi: Anhui da xue chu ban she, 2005.

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11

Han zi Han yu lun gao. Beijing Shi: Xue yuan chu ban she, 2008.

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12

Han yu xiang zheng gong neng gai lun. Shanghai: Shanghai jiao tong da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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13

Yangzhou xue pai gai lun. Yangzhou Shi: Guang ling shu she, 2003.

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14

Shang gu "kan shi" gai nian chang ci hui yan jiu: Shanggukanshigainianchangcihuiyanjiu. Changsha Shi: Hunan ren min chu ban she, 2011.

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15

Ci hui xun gu lun gao: Studies on Chinese vocabulary and exegesis. Beijing: Beijing yu yan wen hua da xue chu ban she, 2002.

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16

Sequeiros, Xosé Rosales. Effects of pragmatic interpretation on translation: Communicative gaps and textual discrepancies. München: Lincom Europa, 2005.

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17

Gai nian bian ti ji qi xing shi hua miao xie: Alloconcepts and their formalized description. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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18

Yu yi de bian hua zhuan huan yan jiu: Ci gai nian kuang jia shi jiao. Changsha Shi: Hunan shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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19

Jia gu wen ci yi lun gao. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 2007.

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20

Und aso das isch gar need es Tabu bi üs, nei, überhaupt need: Sprachliche Strategien bei Phone-in-Sendungen am Radio zu tabuisierten Themen. Bern: P. Lang, 1992.

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21

Cinquegrani, Alessandro, Francesca Pangallo, and Federico Rigamonti. Romance e Shoah Pratiche di narrazione sulla tragedia indicibile. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-492-9.

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Over the last 70 years, Holocaust representations increased significantly as cultural objects distributed on a large scale: fictional books, museum sites, artworks, documentaries, and films are only a few samples of those echoes the Holocaust produced in contemporary Western culture. There are some specific patterns in the way the Holocaust has been represented that, however, contrast with the survivors’ account of the same event: for example, the dichotomy between bad and good characters so essential within Holocaust-based media – especially on television and film - does not really match with the testimony’s experience. While storytelling strategies may help to involve the public by emotionally engaging with the story, the risks of altering the real meaning of the Holocaust are quite high: what we often label as a “story” is actually been an outrageous, documented mass-genocide. Furthermore, as the age gap between the present and the past generation progresses, also the collective awareness of Nazi crimes as a real fact gets compromised. This volume explores selected Holocaust narrations by contextualizing the historical, literary, and social influences those texts had in their unique points of view. Starting with some recent examples of Holocaust exploitation through social media, the first chapter explores the paradigm shift when the Holocaust became a cultural, fictional trend rather than a historical massacre. In the second chapter, the analysis examines postmodern representations of Holocaust and Nazi semantics through relevant examples taken from both American and European literature. The third chapter analyses Europe Central by William T. Vollman, as all the narratological and cultural issues considered in the previous two chapters are well outlined in this articulated novel, where the relationship between reality and its representation after the postmodernist period is largely investigated. In chapter four, an account is given of the connections and differences between the narratological category romance, as understood by Northrop Frye, and Holocaust narration features. In chapter five, those elements are used to consider the work of Italian Holocaust survivor and Jewish writer Primo Levi, as his narration around Auschwitz adopts some fictional tools and still refuses undemanding storytelling mechanisms. The sixth and final chapter examines the relevant novel Les Benviellants by Jonathan Littell, considering its Nazi genocide account through the antagonist’s perspective.
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22

Ehrig, Marc. Ontology Alignment: Bridging the Semantic Gap (Semantic Web and Beyond). Springer, 2006.

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23

Ehrig, Marc. Ontology Alignment: Bridging the Semantic Gap. Springer, 2010.

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24

Jain, Lakhmi C., and Halina Kwaśnicka. Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image and Video Analysis. Springer, 2019.

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25

Jain, Lakhmi C., and Halina Kwaśnicka. Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image and Video Analysis. Springer, 2018.

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26

Taylor, Kenneth A. Meaning Diminished. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803447.001.0001.

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This book examines the dialectical role of semantic analysis within metaphysical inquiry. It argues that semantic analysis ought to be modest in its metaphysical pretensions in the sense that linguistic and conceptual analysis should not be expected to yield deep insight into either what exists or the nature of what exists. The argument turns on distinctions among narrowly linguistic semantics in the generative tradition and two varieties of broadly philosophical semantics which correspond to broad approaches to semantically infused metaphysical inquiry. In particular it distinguishes ideational semantics and metaphysical inquiry via the way of ideas, on the one hand, from referential semantics and metaphysical inquiry via the way of reference, on the other. It is argued that foundational assumptions of the generative framework are insufficient on their own to support the drawing of metaphysically immodest conclusions from the narrowly semantic premises. But it is shown that if we are determined to bridge the gap between narrowly semantic premise and metaphysical conclusion, we must augment our semantics with additional metasemantic premises. Such additional premises may come either from ideationalist or referentialist metasemantics. A number of arguments for preferring referential metasemantics over ideational metasemantics are offered. It is argued pursuing referentialist metasemantics as opposed to ideationalist metasemantics yields a semantics that is metaphysically modest. Finally it is argued that metaphysically modest should regarded as a feature rather than a bug of a semantic theory, one that serves to bring semantics into closer alignment with the special sciences generally.
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27

Paul, Buitelaar, and Cimiano Philipp, eds. Ontology learning and population: Bridging the gap between text and knowledge. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.

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28

Gutzmann, Daniel. The Grammar of Expressivity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812128.001.0001.

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While the expressive function of natural language has received much attention in recent years, the role grammar plays in the interpretation of expressive items has mainly been neglected in the semantic and pragmatic literature. On the other hand, while there have been syntactic studies of some expressive phenomena they do not explicitly connect to recent developments in semantics. This book bridges this gap, showing that semantics and pragmatics alone cannot capture all grammatical particularities of expressive items and that expressivity has strong syntactic reflexes that interact with the semantic interpretation and account for the mismatches between the syntax and semantics of these phenomena. The main thesis he argues for—the hypothesis of expressive syntax—is that expressivity is a syntactic feature, on a par with other established syntactic features like tense or gender. Evidence for this claim is drawn from three detailed case studies of expressive phenomena: expressive adjectives, expressive intensifiers, and expressive vocatives. These expressions exhibit some puzzling properties and by developing an account of them employing minimalist approaches to syntactic features and agreement, the author shows that expressivity, as a syntactic feature, can partake in agreement operations, trigger movement, and syntactically be selected for. This not only provides indirect evidence for the hypothesis of expressive syntax and extends the usefulness of operations on syntactic features operation beyond their traditional domains, but also highlights the hidden role grammar may play for phenomena that are often considered to be solely semantic in nature.
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29

Farriss, Nancy. Adoptions and Adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0010.

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The double bind between orthodoxy and intelligibility is examined further through the translating tool of semantic extension. Efforts to make the Christian message more accessible by expanding or extending the meaning of an “inherited” word confronted vast cultural differences in the realms of cosmology and morality that lay behind the linguistic gaps. Christian concepts such as heaven and hell were so far removed from the way that the Zapotec and other Mesoamericans conceived of the afterlife that no degree of semantic expansion could bridge the gap. Conversely, attempts to convey a Christian concept of God in such doctrines as the Trinity and the Eucharist by incorporating indigenous terms for the divinity and sacrifice risked contamination from pagan symbols and rituals.
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30

Eckardt, Regine, and Augustin Speyer. Information Structure and Language Change. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.23.

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This article explores the effect of language change on focusing and focus constructions based on observations and case studies. It begins by analysing bleached focus and contrasts it with independent focus. It also makes a distinction between universal focus effects and language-specific focus operators to show how language change can affect the specific parts of the grammar of focus. The discussion then turns to the emergence of focus sensitive particles, with particular reference to the semantic units that precede focus as part of semantic composition. The Jespersen Cycle is considered as a classic example of independent focus that gets bleached and finally lost. The article concludes by looking at information structure and syntactic change in the rise and loss of V2 in Germanic languages. It demonstrates how bleached focus can bridge the gap between the formal focus and informal notions of information structure.
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31

Rumph, Stephen. Topical Figurae. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.019.

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Musical topics have invited comparison with language ever since Leonard Ratner adopted the rhetorical termtopos. Yet topic theory has not addressed the “double articulation” of language: while words function as meaningful signs, they are articulated by meaningless elements, what Louis Hjelmslev referred to collectively as “figurae.” This chapter develops an analogous theory of topical figurae, structural features that articulate multiple topics but do not themselves signify topically, adapting concepts from phonology (deletion, markedness, assimilation, neutralization). The musical analyses explore both the semantic and syntactic implications of topical figurae, focusing on Beethoven’s “Eroica” Symphony and Mozart’s Piano Sonata in F major, K. 332. Embedded equally in the musical structure and the topical code, figurae bridge the gap between formal analysis and cultural hermeneutics and can lead to a more holistic understanding of topical meaning.
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32

Jean-Pierre, Koenig, and Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language Conference (2nd : 1996 : University at Buffalo), eds. Discourse and cognition: Bridging the gap. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, 1998.

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33

Xun gu lei gao. Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1999.

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34

Tong jia gai shuo. Sichuan sheng xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1988.

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35

Hua, Xuecheng. Qian zhai yu wen cong gao. Nanjing da xue chu ban she, 1991.

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36

Hauswald, Rico, and Lara Keuck. Indeterminacy in medical classification: On continuity, uncertainty, and vagueness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722373.003.0005.

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This chapter aims to clarify the terminology of and relations between ontological, epistemological, and semantic aspects of indeterminacy in medical classification systems. Although classifications of diseases and mental disorders are often characterized as having blurred boundaries, there is no consensus on what exactly this means. The following clarification may remedy this shortcoming: from an ontological point of view, disease entities are found to be discrete or continuous, depending on whether realisation gaps occur. From an epistemological perspective, the certainty of a classification depends on how controversial the assessment of its validity is throughout contexts and how much different legitimate interests of classification users vary. Finally, as semantic categories, medical classifications can be defined precisely or vaguely. The chapter analyses how the ontological, epistemological, and semantic levels are interrelated and how the proposed terminological clarifications may help to disentangle discussions about the validity of medical classifications.
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37

Farriss, Nancy. Continuity and Convergence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0012.

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Continuities in written doctrinal language contrast with semantic shifts within the indigenous speech community, revealed through petitions, testaments, trial testimony, and other records, as well as modern oral evidence. As the Mesoamerican cultural matrix has itself been modified by Christian practice and visual symbols, new associations have become attached to traditional linguistic resources. At the same time the Indians have reformulated and reinterpreted the Christian message along lines consonant with traditional cosmology and moral theology. Thus cultural gaps, and along with them linguistic gaps, have narrowed through the process of religious syncretism. Mutually reinforcing influences have converged in the creation of the particular variety of religious devotion defined as Mexican Christianity.
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38

Abbott, Helen. Baudelaire’s Assemblage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794691.003.0002.

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Song is a combination of elements, of which the outcome is not always stable. This chapter examines the nature of the bonds formed between poem and music by proposing a new ‘‘assemblage’’ model, which focuses on five key parameters: (a) metre/prosody; (b) form/structure; (c) sound properties/repetition; (d) semantics/word painting; (e) live performance options. This approach bridges methodological gaps exposed through an examination of existing models used in translation theory, adaptation theory, and word/music theory. The two stages in the assemblage model examine: (1) adhesion strength (how closely poem and music stick together); (2) accretion/dilution (how successful the song setting is). The phases of analysis factor in how song is a non-permanent form which goes through multiple iterations of repackaging, including different performances of the same song and different settings of the same poem.
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39

Schmetkamp, Susanne, and Magdalena Zorn, eds. Variationen des Mitfühlens. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/9783515122863.

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Empathie ist in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem der zentralen Begriffe in Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft geworden. Steht er für die einen für das Vermögen von Personen oder gar einer ganzen Gesellschaft, fremden Perspektiven, Erfahrungen und Gefühlen sensibel und nachfühlend zu begegnen, ist Empathie für die anderen ein leerer Begriff oder ein fehlgeleitetes Prinzip. In diesem Band wird "Empathie" kritisch, historisch und semantisch aus ästhetischen Blickwinkeln betrachtet: Untersucht werden die Funktion und der Wert der Empathie in unserem Umgang mit Musik, Literatur, Film und Sprache. Braucht es Empathie, um sich in Klänge, Melodien, Performer einzufühlen? Gehen wir empathisch mit fiktionalen Charakteren mit? Wie reagieren wir empathisch gegenüber Sprache und ihren Rhythmen? Was genau heißt in all diesen ästhetischen Kontexten eigentlich Empathie? Der Band enthält eine differenzierte Zusammenstellung aus aktuellen wissenschaftlichen und künstlerischen Perspektiven zum Thema.
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