Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Semantic aspect'
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Tabaczynski, Tracy. "Grammatical Aspect in Children." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194026797.
Full textSuen, Lee Wa Ann. "The similarities and differences between semantic and syntactic features of Mandarin perfective aspect marker le and Cantonese perfective aspect marker jo." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/120.
Full textKhomeijani, Farahani Ali Akbar. "A syntactic and semantic study of the tense and aspect system of modern Persian." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/917/.
Full textBruno, Annabelle T. "THE SEMANTIC NATURE OF TENSE AMBIGUITY: RESOLVING TENSE AND ASPECT IN JAPANESE PHRASAL CONSTRUCTIONS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/24.
Full textChen, Rui. "A corpus-based comparison between semantic and pragmatic features of English aspect marker-ING and Chinese aspect markers ZHE and ZAI." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1204.
Full textDenkova, Ekaterina. "The neural bases of autobiographical memory : how personal recollections interact with emotion and influence semantic memory." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DENKOVA_Ekaterina_2006.pdf.
Full textChang, Che Ho Anthony. "The similarities and differences between semantic and syntactic features of Mandarin imperfective aspect marker zhe(著) and Cantonese imperfective aspect marker jyuh(住)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/398.
Full textVraciu, Eleonora Alexandra. "Tense-Aspect Morphology in the Advanced English L2 Variety: Exploring Semantic, Discourse and Cross-linguistic Factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96894.
Full textOur dissertation belongs to a recently initiated line of studies seeking to characterise the advanced English L2 variety. We present an integrated analysis of a series of semantic, discourse and cross-linguistic factors underlying the use of verb forms by advanced French and Catalan learners of English as a foreign language. On the basis of a corpus of oral picture book narratives produced by two populations of language specialists (i.e., English Studies graduates and professors at several French and Catalan universities), we explore the distribution of tense-aspect morphology in relation to the aspectual class of predicates (the Aspect Hypothesis) and the temporal information predicates encode in narrative discourse (the Discourse Hypothesis). Tense-aspect forms are also considered from the perspective of the so-called L2 rhetorical style, the systematic linguistic choices learners make in a given communicative task drawing both on their learnt repertoire of L2 devices and on information selection and organisation patterns unconsciously transferred from their L1. The availability of grammaticalised aspectual distinctions in the learners’ mother tongues does not ensure a nativelike use of aspectual marking in advanced English L2. Differences reside in the use of tense-aspect morphology with durative atelic predicates and in the functional-semantic scope verb forms have in discourse. Prototypical predicate/form coalitions in learner production were found to remain strong in the use of the progressive with durative atelic predicates and to lead to an across-the-board reliance on the progressive, often in tension with the plot-advancing role of the predicate. The degree of grammaticalisation of the progressive aspect in the learners’ L1 seems to interfere with the hypotheses of use concerning the progressive form in English L2, particularly in the case of the French L1 student group. Only the professor groups employ tense-aspect forms in a way which is genuinely liberated from the semantic congruence with the predicate, similar to what was observed in English L1. With these very advanced learners, the progressive has a discourse-specific function and becomes optional when viewpoint information can be retrieved from other elements in the context. English L2 form-function mappings in the domain of tense-aspect morphology were also found to be more limited or not to match the ones observed in English L1. A case in point is the non-progressive present or past form, strongly associated with plot-advancing contexts in the production of the student groups, whereas the non-progressive is a default form, encoding a variety of narrative material, in the production of the professor groups and the English native speakers. The cross-linguistic analysis of a specific type of narrative contexts, namely two episodes where the expression of simultaneity plays a central role, revealed the existence of a subtle L1 influence on the construction of a temporal perspective in English L2, even with the most proficient learners. These findings invite to a reflection on the margins of grammaticalised contrasts, where atypical coalitions arise, and how learners can grasp such peripheral uses in an instructional setting. They also indicate that L2 oral production at the advanced stages is bound to a linguistic and conceptualisation filter which is the legacy of learners’ L1.
Limpens, Freddy. "Multi-points of view semantic enrichment of folksonomies." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530714.
Full textArena, Aurélien. "Ontologie de la temporalité pour une application au web sémantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040015.
Full textThis is a knowledge engineering work that specifically deal with semantic web technologies. We first take an particular objet: a linguistic theory of time and aspect and we propose a translation of it into a knowledge engineering artefact (an ontology) following several steps. We look at different approach of time (logical, AI, linguistic) of time representation. Then we analyse the notion of ontology as understood in the computer science framework. An ontology is a network of entities, we give a translation of the linguistic theory of time and aspect into an ontology and we translate this resulting ontology using W3C semantic web standards
Brockbank-Chasey, Samuel. "Of colors and words : perceptual and semantic influences in the cognitive processing of color." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0353.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the influence of perceptive and psycholinguistic factors on color, considered as a cognitive construction. Millions of hues can be discriminated while less than a hundred color terms are used. The origin of the eleven basic color terms identified in the literature is still debated, but may be more perceptive for the unique colors black, white, red, green, yellow and blue, and linked to cultural and linguistic consensus for orange, brown, purple and grey. Color may also have an emotional dimension, as denotes for example the expression “seeing red”. In this work, a first study investigated the conceptual organization of the 11 basic color terms. Participants had to provide proximity levels for each two-by-two pairs of the terms. Results showed that the conceptual color space is correlated to the perceptual color space for all unique colors but yellow. Other basic colors were organized based on perceptive factors, and also cultural ones, in relation to their association with certain concepts or semantic knowledge. A second study focalized on familiarity and emotional valence of basic and non-basic colors presented as words or as patches. Familiarity and arousal were higher for basic colors presented as words, which may be explained by a more accessible conceptualization than for non-basic colors and patches. Measures of emotional valence and associations with the six basic emotions for 33 color words and 33 patches, basic and non-basic, are provided as a potential tool for future research. A third study investigated a medieval pigment with a flat reflectance spectrum, but for which pairings and denominations confirmed an illusory blue for half of observers. A Stroop task was adapted to test perceptive and semantic effects on the presence of this illusion. Congruency effects were obtained upon association of this pigment as much with the word grey as with the word blue. Results showed (a) an anchoring of responses to the ambiguous hue biased towards the most resembling available category, testifying to the elasticity of color representation, and (b) that the congruence effect in the Stroop task also depended on perceptive factors, such as a color contrast created by manipulating background color during the task. On the whole, these results bring new elements specifying the interaction of perceptive and psycholinguistic processing in the interpretation of the colored environment
Пятаченко, С. М. "Лексико-семантичні аспекти мотиваційного дискурсу: перекладацький аспект." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86798.
Full textАктуальность исследования обусловлена постоянным интересом лингвистов к языковым средствам создания мотивации, изучению речевого воздействия в отдельных текстах, необходимостью комплексного изучения и описания средств персуазивной коммуникации на материале англоязычных мотивационных жанров Кроме того, на сегодня тексты мотивационного дискурса английского языка все еще остаются недостаточно исследованы как с лингвистической, так и с переводческой точки зрения. Это обуславливает необходимость изучения языковых особенностей таких текстов и их перевода на украинский язык. Цель исследования состоит в изучении лексико-семантических аспектов мотивационной литературы на материале книги Н. Хилла «Think and Grow rich» и особенностей их перевода на украинский язык.
The study's relevance is due to the constant interest of linguists in the linguistic means of creating motivation, the study of linguistic influence in individual texts, the need for comprehensive research, and the description of means of persuasive communication on the material of English motivational genres. In addition, today, the texts of the motivational discourse of the English language remain insufficiently studied both from a linguistic and translation point of view. The purpose of the study is to study the linguistic and semantic aspects of motivational literature on the material of N. Hill's book "Think and Grow rich" and the peculiarities of their translation into Ukrainian.
Poreau, Bastien. "Modalité, énonciation et aspect : analyse de prédicats et structures exprimant l’obligation et régissant un datif en russe contemporain." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0023.
Full textOur thesis analyzes different predicates and a structure with a dative that are able to express obligation in Russian: three impersonal modal predicates – nado, nužno, ("must") and prijtis ("to be constrained", "to have the opportunity") – and the dative-infinitive structure, the modal meaning of which arises from the juxtaposition of a dative and an infinitive. None of these predicates had been fully described; additionally, the place of the dative-infinitive structure and its relation to structures containing an explicit modal remained poorly defined. Our approach is semasiological and discursive: we started by studying the forms in order to understand how their meaning is constructed. These were always analyzed in a broad context and submitted to native speakers. This allowed us to highlight the conditions of use of each of these forms and to isolate the contextual factors that could interfere with their interpretation. This allowed us to show that nado and nužno, generally described as synonyms, differ by the type of modality they express: objective and absolute for nado; subjective and relative for nužno. Prijtis ’, in contrast, has a retrospective orientation and is opposing a situation in which the process is realized against one or more other situations in which it is not the case. This opposition, coming from the preverb pri-, creates a meaning of either constraint or contingency, depending on the nature of the situations involved. Finally, we have shown that the dative-infinitive structure is not elliptical but has a discursive function: it does not construct a relation of necessity, but reasserts it to highlight its implications in a considered situation
El, amer Amani. "Les temps du passé de l’indicatif en français : approche en langue et en discours." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20067.
Full textOur work has for object the times of the past in French (in particular the simple past, the imperfect and the present perfect). The approaches at the time are multiple and they use varied concepts which try to explain the functioning of these forms through of many paradigms. So, the grammar contents with stipulating that the times of the past have for role to place the events in the past time. But, if we confront the traditional theories with the more recent linguistic approaches on semantics of the tenses of the verb, we observe that the use of these times implies at the same time a temporal reference, an aim illocutoire and discursive as well as a psychological and pragmatic attitude. We study in this work the uses in speech of the past time from their values in language by trying to show, first of all, how temporal, aspectual and modal contents interfere and complement each other in the verbal expression of past. We highlight the fact that the choice of the past times is motivated by the way of representing itself the events and by the type of information that the speaker wants to introduce to his interlocutor. The employment of the past times also characterizes particular types of speech and participates in the informative coherence of the text. The treatment of aspectuo-temporal, textual and pragmatic approcaches leads us to adopt the model primarily praxematic for a study of the use of the past times in language and speech in a literary text, Thérèse Desqueyroux of François Mauriac
Snell, Joshua. "Readers are parallel processors." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0244.
Full textThis thesis addresses one of the most hotly debated issues in reading research: Are words processed serially or in parallel during reading? One could argue that this is primarily a question of visuo-spatial attention: is attention distributed across multiple words during reading? The research presented here suggests that attention can indeed be allocated to multiple words at once. It is further established that attention is a key factor driving (sub-lexical) orthographic processing. The next question, then, is whether multiple lexical representations can be activated in parallel. This thesis comprises a wealth of evidence for parallel lexical activation: firstly we have found that readers activate embedded words (e.g., ‘use’ in ‘houses’) alongside the word that is to be recognized, indicating that parallel lexical processing would occur even if readers could effectively focus their attention on single words. Moreover, we have found that semantic and syntactic categorization decisions about foveal target words are influenced by the semantic and syntactic aspects of surrounding words, even when all these words are presented for a duration shorter than the average time needed to recognize a single word. Hence, given that readers’ attention is spread across multiple words and that multiple lexical representations can be activated in parallel, it seems reasonable to claim that the reading system is in principle a parallel processing system
Deb, Nath Rudra Pratap. "Aspects of semantic ETL." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669830.
Full textLes eines d’Intel·ligència Empresarial (BI), conegudes en anglès com Business Intelligence, donen suport a la millora de la presa de decisions empresarials mitjançant l’anàlisi de les dades de l’organització disponibles. Els magatzems de dades, o data warehouse, (DWs), típicament estructurats seguint el model Multidimensional (MD), s’utilitzen per emmagatzemar dades de diferents fonts, tant internes com externes, processades mitjançant processos Extract- Transformation-Load (ETL). Les consultes de processament analític en línia (OLAP) s’apliquen als DW per extraure coneixement crític en l’àmbit empresarial. Els DW i les tecnologies OLAP funcionen de manera eficient quan s’apliquen sobre dades de natura estàtica i ben estructurades. Avui en dia, les tecnologies de la Web Semàntica (SW) i els principis Linked Data (LD) inspiren les organitzacions per publicar les seves dades en formats semàntics, que permeten que les màquines entenguin el significat de les dades, mitjançant el llenguatge de descripció de recursos (RDF). Una de les raons per les quals les dades semàntiques han tingut tant d’èxit és que es poden gestionar i fer que estiguin disponibles per tercers amb poc esforç, i no depenen d’esquemes de dades sofisticats. A més de les fonts de dades tradicionals (no semàntiques), la incorporació de fonts de dades semàntiques en un DW planteja reptes addicionals tals com derivar-hi esquema, l’heterogeneïtat semàntica i la representació de l’esquema i les dades a través d’eines d’ETL. A més, la majoria de dades SW proporcionades per empreses, organitzacions acadèmiques o governamentals inclouen fets i figures que representen nous reptes per les eines de BI per tal d’habilitar l’anàlisi OLAP sobre dades semàntiques (RDF). En aquesta tesi, 1) proposem un marc ETL basat en capes per a la gestió de diverses fonts de dades semàntiques i no semàntiques i adreçant els reptes esmentats anteriorment, 2) proposem un conjunt d’operacions ETL per processar dades semàntiques, i 3) la creació d’entorns apropiats de desenvolupament (programàtics i GUIs) per facilitar la creació i gestió de DW i processos ETL semàntics, així com avaluar les solucions proposades. El nostre marc ETL és un marc ETL semàntic perquè Es capaç de considerar e integrar dades de forma semàntica. Els següents paràgrafs elaboren sobre aquests contribucions. Proposem SETL, un marc unificat per a ETL semàntic. El marc es divideix en tres capes: la capa de definició, la capa ETL i la capa DW. A la capa de definició, es defineixen l’esquema del DW semàntic (SDW), les fonts i els mappings entre les fonts i l’esquema del DW. A la capa ETL, es dissenyen processos ETL per popular el SDW a partir de fonts. A la capa DW, es gestiona l’emmagatzematge de les dades semàntiques transformades. El nostre marc dóna suport a la inclusió de dades semàntiques (RDF) en DWs, a més de dades relacionals. Així, permet als usuaris definir una ontologia d’un DW i anotar-la amb construccions MD (com ara dimensions, cubs, nivells, etc.) utilitzant el vocabulari Data Cube for OLAP (QB4OLAP). També admet operacions de transformació tradicionals i proporciona un mètode per generar semàntica de les dades d’origen segons la semàntica codificada al document ontologia. També proporciona un mètode per connectar l’SDW amb bases de coneixement externes. Per tant, crea una base de coneixement, composta per un ontologia i les seves instàncies, on les dades estan connectades semànticament amb altres dades externes / internes. Per fer-ho, desenvolupem un mètode programàtic, basat en Python, d’alt nivell, per realitzar les tasques esmentades anteriorment. S’ha portat a terme un experiment complet d’avaluació comparant SETL amb una solució elaborada amb eines tradicional (que requereixen molta més codificació). Com a cas d’ús, hem emprat el Danish Agricultural dataset, i els resultats mostren que SETL proporciona un millor rendiment, millora la productivitat del programador i la qualitat de la base de coneixement. La comparació entre SETL i Pentaho Data Integration (PDI) mostra que SETL és un 13,5% més ràpid que PDI. A més de ser més ràpid que PDI, tracta les dades semàntiques com a ciutadans de primera classe, mentre que PDI no conté operadors específics per a dades semàntiques. A sobre de SETL, proposem SETLCONSTUCT on definim un conjunt de tasques d’alt nivell / operacions ETL per processar fonts de dades semàntiques i orientades a encapsular i facilitar la creació de l’ETL semàntic. Dividim el procés d’integració en dues capes: la capa de definició i la capa d’execució. La capa de definició inclou dues tasques que permeten definir als dissenyadors de DW esquemes destí (SDW) i mappings entre fonts (o resultats intermedis) i l’SDW (potencialment, altres resultats intermedis). Per crear mappings entre les fonts i el SDW, proporcionem un vocabulari de mapping anomenat Source-To-Target Mapping (S2TMAP). A diferència d’altres eines ETL, proposem un nou paradigma: les transformacions del flux ETL es caracteritzen a la capa de definició, i no de forma independent dins de cada operació ETL (a la capa d’execució). Aquest nou paradigma permet al dissenyador tenir una visió global del procés, que genera metadades (el fitxer de mapping) que els operadors ETL individuals llegiran i es parametritzaran automàticament. A la capa d’execució proposem un conjunt d’operacions ETL d’alt nivell per processar fonts de dades semàntiques. A més de la neteja, la unió i la transformació per dades semàntiques, proposem operacions per generar semàntica multidimensional i actualitzar el SDW per reflectir els canvis en les fonts. A més, ampliem SETLCONSTRUCT per permetre la generació automàtica de flux d’execució ETL (l’anomenem SETLAUTO). Finalment, proporcionem una àmplia avaluació per comparar la productivitat, el temps de desenvolupament i el rendiment de SETLCONSTRUCT i SETLAUTO amb el marc anterior SETL. L’avaluació demostra que SETLCONSTRUCT millora considerablement sobre SETL en termes de productivitat, temps de desenvolupament i rendiment. L’avaluació mostra que 1) SETLCONSTRUCT utilitza un 92% menys de caràcters mecanografiats (NOTC) que SETL, i SETLAUTO redueix encara més el nombre de conceptes usats (NOUC) un altre 25%; 2) utilitzant SETLCONSTRUCT, el temps de desenvolupament es redueix gairebé a la meitat en comparació amb SETL, i es redueix un altre 27 % mitjançant SETLAUTO; 3) SETLCONSTRUCT es escalable i té un rendiment similar en comparació amb SETL. Finalment, desenvolupem un sistema de BI semàntic basat en GUI SETLBI per definir, processar, integrar i consultar dades semàntiques i no semàntiques. A més de la capa de definició i de la capa ETL, SETLBI té una capa OLAP, que proporciona una interfície interactiva per permetre l’anàlisi OLAP d’autoservei sobre el DW semàntic. Cada capa està composada per un conjunt d’operacions / tasques. Per formalitzar les connexions intra i inter-capes dels components de cada capa, emprem una ontologia. La capa ETL amplia l’execució de la capa de SETLCONSTUCT afegint operacions per processar fonts de dades no semàntiques. Per últim, demostrem el sistema final mitjançant el cens de la població de Bangladesh (2011). La solució final d’aquesta tesi és l’eina SETLBI . SETLBI facilita (1) als dissenyadors del DW amb pocs / sense coneixements de SW, integrar semànticament les dades (semàntiques o no) i analitzar-les emprant OLAP, i (2) als usuaris de la SW els permet definir vistes sobre dades semàntiques, integrar-les amb fonts no semàntiques, i visualitzar-les segons el model MD i fer anàlisi OLAP. A més, els usuaris SW poden enriquir l’esquema SDW generat amb construccions RDFS / OWL. Prenent aquest marc com a punt de partida, els investigadors poden emprar-lo per a crear SDWs de forma interactiva i automàtica. Aquest projecte crea un pont entre les tecnologies BI i SW, i obre la porta a altres oportunitats de recerca com desenvolupar tècniques de DW i ETL comprensibles per les màquines.
(Danskere) Business Intelligence (BI) værktøjer understøtter at tage bedre forretningsbeslutninger, ved at analysere tilgængelige organisatoriske data. Data Warehouses (DWs), typisk konstrueret med den Multidimensionelle (MD) model, bruges til at lagre data fra forskellige interne og eksterne kilder, der behandles ved hjælp af Extract-Transformation-Load (ETL) processer. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) forespørgsler anvendes på DWs for at udlede vigtig forretningskritisk viden. DW og OLAP-teknologier fungerer effektivt, når de anvendes på data, som er statiske af natur og velorganiseret i struktur. I dag inspirerer Semantic Web (SW) teknologier og Linked Data (LD) principper organisationer til at offentliggøre deres semantiske data, som tillader maskiner at forstå betydningen af denne, ved hjælp af Resource Description Framework (RDF) modellen. En af grundene til, at semantiske data er blevet succesfuldt, er at styringen og udgivelsen af af dataene er nemt, og ikke er afhængigt af et sofistikeret skema. Ud over problemer ved overførslen af traditionelle (ikke-semantiske) databaser til DWs, opstår yderligere udfordringer ved overførslen af semantiske databaser, såsom skema nedarvning, semantisk heterogenitet samt skemaet for data repræsentation over traditionelle ETL værktøjer. På den anden side udgør en stor del af den semantiske data der bliver offentliggjort af virksomheder, akademikere samt regeringer, af figurer og fakta, der igen giver nye problemstillinger og krav til BI værktøjer, for at gøre OLAP lignende analyser over de semantiske data mulige. I denne afhandling gør vi følgende: 1) foreslår et lag-baseret ETL framework til at håndterer multiple semantiske og ikke-semantiske datakilder, ved at svare på udfordringerne nævnt herover, 2) foreslår en mængde af ETL operationer til at behandle semantisk data, 3) implementerer passende miljøer (både programmerbare samt grafiske brugergrænseflader), for at lette ETL processer og evaluere den foreslåede løsning. Vores ETL framework er et semantisk ETL framework, fordi det integrerer data semantisk. Den følgende sektion forklarer vores bidrag. Vi foreslår SETL, et samlet framework for semantisk ETL. Frameworket er splittet i tre lag: et definitions-lag, et ETL-lag, og et DW-lag. Det semanvii tiske DW (SWD) skema, datakilder, samt sammenhængen mellem datakilder og deres mål, er defineret i definitions-laget. I ETL-laget designes ETLprocesser til at udfylde SDW fra datakilderne. DW-laget administrerer lagring af transformerede semantiske data. Frameworket understøtter inkluderingen af semantiske (RDF) data i DWs ud over relationelle data. Det giver brugerne mulighed for at definere en ontologi for et DW og annotere med MD-konstruktioner (såsom dimensioner, kuber, niveauer osv.) ved hjælp af Data Cube til OLAP (QB4OLAP) ordforrådet. Det understøtter traditionelle transformations operationer, og giver en metode til at generere semantiske data fra de oprindelige data, i henhold til semantikken indkodet i ontologien. Det muliggør også en metode til at forbinde interne SDW data med eksterne vidensbaser. Herved skaber det en vidensbase, der er sammensat af en ontologi og dets instanser, hvor data er semantisk forbundet med andre eksterne / interne data. Vi udvikler et høj niveau Python-baseret programmerbart framework for at udføre de ovennævnte opgaver. En omfattende eksperimentel evaluering, der sammenligner SETL med en traditionel løsning (hvilket krævede meget manuel kodning), om brugen af danske landbrugsog forretnings datasæt, viser at SETL præsterer bedre, programmør produktivitet og vidensbase kvalitet. Sammenligningen mellem SETL og Pentaho Data Integration (PDI) ved behandling af en semantisk kilde viser, at SETL er 13,5% hurtigere end PDI. Udover SETL, foreslår vi SETLCONSTRUCT hvor vi definerer et sæt ETLoperationer på højt niveau til behandling af semantiske datakilder. Vi deler integrationsprocessen i to lag: Definitions-lag og eksekverings-lag. Definitionslaget indeholder to opgaver, der giver DW designere muligheden for at definere (SDW) skemaer, og kortlægningerne mellem kilder og målet. For at oprette kortlægning mellem kilderne og målene, leverer vi et kortlægnings ordforråd kaldet Source-to-Target Mapping (S2TMAP). Forskelligt fra andre ETL-værktøjer foreslår vi et nyt paradigme: vi karakteriserer ETLflowtransformationerne i definitions-laget i stedet for uafhængigt inden for hver ETL-operation (i eksekverings-laget). På denne måde har designeren et overblik over processen, som genererer metadata (kortlægningsfilen), som ETL operatørerne vil læse og parametrisere automatisk. I eksekverings-laget foreslår vi en mængde høj niveau ETL-operationer til at behandle semantiske datakilder. Udover rensning, sammenføjning og datatypebaseret transformationer af semantiske data, foreslår vi operationer til at generere multidimensionel semantik på data-niveau og operationer til at opdatere et SDW for at afspejle ændringer i kilde-dataen. Derudover udvider vi SETLCONSTRUCT for at muliggøre automatisk ETL-eksekveringsstrømgenerering (vi kalder det SETLAUTO). Endelig leverer vi en omfattende evaluering for at sammenligne produktivitet, udviklingstid og ydeevne for scon og SETLAUTO med den tidligere ramme SETL. Evalueringen viser, at SETLCONSTRUCT forbedres markant i forhold til SETL med hensyn til produktivitet, udviklingstid og ydeevne. Evalueringen viser, at 1) SETLCONSTRUCT bruger 92% færre antal indtastede tegn (NOTC) end SETL, og SETLAUTO reducerer antallet af brugte begreber (NOUC) yderligere med 25%; 2) ved at bruge SETLCONSTRUCT, er udviklingstiden næsten halveret sammenlignet med SETL, og skæres med yderligere 27% ved hjælp af SETLAUTO; 3) SETLCONSTRUCT er skalerbar og har lignende ydelse sammenlignet med SETL. Til slut udvikler vi et GUI-baseret semantisk BI system SETLBI for at definere, processere, integrere og lave forespørgsler på semantiske og ikkesemantiske data. Ud over definitions-laget og ETL-laget, har SETLBI et OLAP-lag, som giver en interaktiv grænseflade for at muliggøre selvbetjenings OLAP analyser over det semantiske DW. Hvert lag er sammensat af en mængde operationer/opgaver. Vi udarbejder en ontologi til at formalisere intra-og ekstra-lags forbindelserne mellem komponenterne og lagene. ETLlaget udvider eksekverings-laget af SETLCONSTUCT ved at tilføje operationer til at behandle ikke-semantiske datakilder. Vi demonstrerer systemet ved hjælp af Bangladesh population census 2011 datasættet. Sammenfatningen af denne afhandling er BI-værktøjet SETLBI . SETLBI fremmer (1) DW-designere med ringe / ingen SW-viden til semantisk at integrere semantiske og / eller ikke-semantiske data og analysere det i OLAP stil, og (2) SW brugere med grundlæggende MD-baggrund til at definere MDvisninger over semantiske data, der aktiverer OLAP-lignende analyse. Derudover kan SW-brugere berige det genererede SDW-skema med RDFS / OWLkonstruktioner. Med udgangspunkt i frameworket som et grundlag kan forskere sigte mod at udvikle yderligere interaktive og automatiske integrationsrammer for SDW. Dette projekt bygger bro mellem de traditionelle BIteknologier og SW-teknologier, som igen vil åbne døren for yderligere forskningsmuligheder som at udvikle maskinforståelige ETL og lagerteknikker.
Aravena, Sandra. "Dynamics of language induced cortical motor activity : determining the linguistic contexts that trigger motor activation during lexical semantic processing." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20010/document.
Full textThe present dissertation was conducted in order to specify the relationship between motor and language structures as cooperative systems in lexical meaning construction. Specifically, this thesis aimed at deepening our understanding of how the linguistic context coordinates the recruitment of motor structures during lexical semantic processing. Although the involvement of motor activity in action-related language comprehension is now sufficiently documented, the specific role that motor structures play in action language processing is still unclear. “Embodied” and “disembodied” theories debate the nature of meaning representation in terms of the necessity of motor structures, neglecting the fact that the conditions of their activation during language processing are not well-described. Very recent research has begun to note the necessity of exploring the context under which words trigger modality-specific cortical activity. However, this trend is at odds with implicit theoretical assumptions that have been made in research on motor-language crosstalk, which are based on the “two-step” model of semantic processing and the “dictionary-like” view of lexical meaning representation. Within such framework, word meaning recognition is taken to proceed in a modular fashion. Only after this process has concluded is the context thought to exert its effects. These assumptions have biased the debate on the role of language induced motor activity. The discussion has been centered on whether motor activation should be considered an integral part of the lexical access process or taken as the result of an ensuing “higher order” operation (i.e., situation model construction). A large body of work evidences that lexical semantic processing and semantic context are far more integrated and interdependent. It seems crucial to integrate this knowledge gained from psycholinguistics into the research on the role of language induced motor activity. In an effort to liberate the debate from the “lexical vs. post-lexical” discussion, this thesis aimed at determining the conditions under which language triggers motor activity. To accomplish these objectives, we introduced a novel tool that analyzes on-line modulations of grip-force while participants listened to specific target words embedded within different types of contexts. Our results show that when the target word was a hand action verb and the sentence focus centered on that action (“John signs the contract”), an increase of grip force was observed in the temporal window classically associated with lexical semantic processing. No comparable increase in grip force was detected when the same action word was embedded in negative sentences (“John doesn’t sign the contract”) or in sentences which focus was shifted towards the agent’s mental state (“John wants to sign the contract”). Our results suggest that the presence of an action word in an
Breuel, Cristiano Malanga. "Seletores de pontos de junção: um mecanismo de extensão para linguagens e arcabouços orientados a aspectos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-10062008-160304/.
Full textOne of the main issues in modern aspect-oriented programming languages and frameworks is the expressiveness of the pointcut language or mechanism. The expressiveness of pointcut languages directly impacts pointcut quality, a property that can be decisive for the effectiveness of aspect implementations. In this work we propose join point selectors as a simple extension mechanism for enriching current pointcut languages with constructs that play the role of \"new primitive pointcuts\". Join point selectors allow the creation of pointcuts with greater semantic value. Although similar mechanisms can be found in some existing approaches, the underlying concept has not yet been clearly defined nor fully explored. We also present a simple architecture for adding join point selectors to an existing aspect-oriented framework, and show examples of usage of join point selectors to enhance the quality of pointcuts and make aspect development easier.
Kiyota, Masaru. "Situation aspect and viewpoint aspect : from Salish to Japanese." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/586.
Full textCabanchik, Samuel Manuel. "Semantic aspects of the use of real." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113246.
Full textEn el presente artículo me propongo, en primer lugar, revisar las contribuciones de algunos de los representantes más importantes de la llamada filosofía analítica a algunos de los aspectos de la discusión sobre el tópico del realismo. Para ello, intentaré mostrar que el mapa conceptual ofrecido por Austin, más allá de su poder elucidatorio, excluye importantes aspectos de dicho uso. En segundo lugar. a partir de algunas afirmaciones de Moore se ofrece una elucidación del significado de la expresión esto es real en términos de esto puede ser buscado y encontrado''. Finalmente, se proyecta esta estrategia para esclarecer el sentido y alcance de la dimensión de independencia declarada por el realismo.
Balla-Johnson, William R. "The Pluperfect First Hypothesis: The compound pluperfect as a necessary precondition of the perfect-to-perfective shift in Romance." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587492835330817.
Full textChitchyan, Ruzanna. "Semantics-based composition for aspect-oriented requirements engineering." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504194.
Full textRamchand, Gillian. "Aspect and predication : the semantics of argument structure /." Oxford : New York : Clarendon press ; Oxford university press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37510857k.
Full textPi, Chia-Yi Tony 1970. "Mereology in event semantics." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36681.
Full textIt is argued that, instead of modeling change after the tripartite source-route-goal divisions of a spatial path, the various combinations of two eventive primitives---distinguished point and distinguished process---are sufficient and necessary in accounting for abstract and concrete data, including the four aspectual verb classes of states, activities, achievements and accomplishments (Vendler 1967). The medial lexical specification, route, is shown to be unnecessary, being an epiphenomenon of two distinguished points interacting, or inferable through pragmatic considerations. This is shown by examples from English and French.
Event mereology unifies concrete with abstract change under a single system of features for verbs (e.g., arrive and inherit ), prepositions, and their associated phrases (in the house and in debt). Underspecification and complementation further economize the lexical representations while accounting for cases of semantic ambiguity. Such issues as homogeneity in states/processes, resultatives, aspectual verbs (continue, stop), agentivity, and the effects of aspectual coercion by English aspectual morphemes (-ed, -ing) are examined and re-formulated where necessary.
The event-mereological approach is demonstrated to be compatible with various current syntactic analyses, and one such analysis (Travis 1999) is investigated in detail. Event mereology is also shown to extend to more complex aspectual patterns observed of serial verb constructions in Edo (Stewart 1998).
Blom, Martin. "Empirical Evaluations of Semantic Aspects in Software Development." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-797.
Full textThis thesis presents empirical research in the field of software development with a focus on handling semantic aspects. There is a general lack of empirical data in the field of software development. This makes it difficult for industry to choose an appropriate method for their particular needs. The lack of empirical data also makes it difficult to convey academic results to the industrial world.
This thesis tries to remedy this problem by presenting a number of empirical evaluations that have been conducted to evaluate some common approaches in the field of semantics handling. The evaluations have produced some interesting results, but their main contribution is the addition to the body of knowledge on how to perform empirical evaluations in software development. The evaluations presented in this thesis include a between-groups controlled experiment, industrial case studies and a full factorial design controlled experiment. The factorial design seems like the most promising approach to use when the number of factors that need to be controlled is high and the number of available test subjects is low. A factorial design has the power to evaluate more than one factor at a time and hence to gauge the effects from different factors on the output.
Another contribution of the thesis is the development of a method for handling semantic aspects in an industrial setting. A background investigation performed concludes that there seems to be a gap between what academia proposes and how industry handles semantics in the development process. The proposed method aims at bridging this gap. It is based on academic results but has reduced formalism to better suit industrial needs. The method is applicable in an industrial setting without interfering too much with the normal way of working, yet providing important benefits. This method is evaluated in the empirical studies along with other methods for handling semantics. In the area of semantic handling, further contributions of the thesis include a taxonomy for semantic handling methods as well as an improved understanding of the relation between semantic errors and the concept of contracts as a means of avoiding and handling these errors.
Tarasti, Eero. "Do Semantic Aspects of Music Have a Notation?" Bärenreiter Verlag, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71846.
Full textZhan, Tianjie. "Semantic analysis for extracting fine-grained opinion aspects." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1213.
Full textBöhm, Julia Veronica. "La imperfectividad en la prensa española y su relación con las categorías semánticas de modalidad y evidencialidad." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100099.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the use of imperfectivity in the Spanishpress. The point of departure for this analysis is the semantic-functional category ofaspectuality which can be expressed in Spanish by diverse linguistic means likegrammatical aspect, Aktionsarten, adverbs, verbal periphrases, etc. By consideringimperfectivity as a semantic-functional category, which comprises all the possiblelinguistic means to express semantic indeterminacy like the Spanish imperfecto(cantaba), presente (canta), ESTAR+GERUNDIO, etc., a semantic relation to othercategories such as temporality, modality and evidentiality can be made. Thesecategories interplay with the speaker’s stance in expressing an utterance, which isassociated with subjectivity. For example, an imperfective verb form (cantaba) maybe chosen in contexts where the perfective verb form (cantó) is expected to appear:El valor total […] ascendía a unos 5.950 euros (‘The total value […] rose (imperfecto)to some 5.950 euros’).Although in some contexts the use of the imperfective verb form isgrammatically motivated, there are other contexts where this is not the case, e.g. injournalistic texts. The speaker takes advantage of the semantic indeterminacy of theSpanish imperfecto cantaba with a specific intention like showing distance from theutterance or reproducing an utterance made by third parties, etc.Thus imperfectivity, due to its semantic indeterminacy, relates to othersemantic functions like epistemic modality and indirect evidentiality by which asituation is presented as open and undetermined, e.g. the expression of asupposition, or a quotation, or a speaker’s distance from his utterance
Reed, Sylvia L. "The Semantics of Grammatical Aspect: Evidence from Scottish Gaelic." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223347.
Full textLindstedt, Jouko. "On the semantics of tense and aspect in Bulgarian." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Slavonic Languages, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=vphgAAAAMAAJ.
Full textSanjabi, Sam Bakhtiar. "A semantics for aspects by compositional translation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9cb4d365-afb9-4f9f-b18b-59857e2c85d6.
Full textFan, Yang, Hidehiko Masuhara, Tomoyuki Aotani, Flemming Nielson, and Hanne Riis Nielson. "AspectKE*: Security aspects with program analysis for distributed systems." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4136/.
Full textIgnjatović, Mihajlo. "Nominalization and aspect." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385354.
Full textAquesta tesi ofereix tres estudis que exploren diverses qüestions sobre l’aspecte verbal i come està afectat pel procés de nominalització. El primer estudi examina les nominalitzacions eventives regulars les llengües eslaves i germàniques, específicament els noms verbals i resultatius. Es mostra que la possibilitat d’aquests tipus de nominalitzacions depèn de com els valors de dos paràmetres aspectuals es configuren en llengües concretes. El segon estudi se centra en els noms deverbals en -er d’anglès i en -eur de francès, que denoten arguments externs. S’identifica quatre intepretacions diferents per aquests noms: episòdica, habitual, de disposició, i ocupacional / instrument. La variació observada s’explica mitjançant la noció d’estadi (stage) d’un individu o d’una classe d’individus (kind). L’últim estudi investiga amb més detall el significat dels nominals resultatius. S’argumenta que aquests nominalitzacions tenen un significat paral·lel a la de l’aspecte perfecte en el domini oracional. La conclusió global de la tesi és que aspecte juga un paper fonamental en la semàntica dels noms deverbals.
Murawski, Andrzej S. "On semantic and type-theoretic aspects of polynomial-time computability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393221.
Full textLeivas, Oliveira Gabriel [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brox, and Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Burgard. "Encoder-decoder methods for semantic segmentation: efficiency and robustness aspects." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191689476/34.
Full textLynas, Angel Robert. "Expressive reversible language : aspects of semantics and implementation." Thesis, Teesside University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/132190.
Full textCaenepeel, Mimo. "Aspect, temporal ordering and perspective in narrative fiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6594.
Full textBasso, Renato Miguel. "Telicidade e detelicização : semantica e pragmatica do dominio tempo-aspectual." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269188.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: o presente trabalho é uma investigação do fenômeno da detelicização, representado por sentenças como "João leu o livro por 1 semana", na qual temos um evento télico (Le., que tem um ponto final não arbitrário) seguido por um adjunto do tipo "por X tempo", que, segundo a literatura, é incompatível com eventos télicos. Dado essa alegada incompatibilidade, várias das teorias que tratam da detelicização a abordam como um caso de coerção ou "type-mismatch" para dar conta do fato de que os falantes aceitam esse tipo sentença. Para proceder a tal investigação, inicialmente apresentamos o quadro teórico que adotamos, segundo o qual os fenômenos tempo-aspectuais devem ser tratadas levando-se em conta a separação e interação de seus sub-dornínios: (i) referência temporal, que responde pela localização de eventos numa suposta seta do tempo, e é, portanto, o componente dêitico; (ii) aspecto, que é a representação, feita subjetivamente pelo falante, de um evento como concluso ou inconcluso; e (iii) acionalidade, sUb-domínio que diz respeito ao tipo de evento em questão. O objetivo do segundo capítulo é entender melhor o conceito de telicidade e como ele é apreendido pelas teorias tempo-aspectuais contemporâneas. Esse passo é imprescendível, pois somente eventos télicos podem passar pelo processo de detelicização. No terceiro capítulo apresentamos em detalhe a detelicização, definida como a apresentação de um evento interrompido, ou seja, um evento télico que se inicia e pára sem, no entanto, alcançar seu ponto final, seu telas. Depois de caracterizar esse fenômeno, esboçamos uma teoria semântico-pragmática que visa a capturá-Ia, assim como esmiuçar o que é propriamente semântico e o que é pragmático no estudo dos fenômenos tempo-aspectuais. Por fim, no quarto capítulo efetuamos dois experimentos psicolingüísticos que visavam a verificar a existência de alguma contraparte empírica (i.e., tempo de leitura) da coerção ou "type-mismatch" postulados para sentenças como "João leu o livro por uma semana". A análise dos experimentos revelou que não há qualquer diferença significativa entre o tempo de leitura de, por exemplo, "João leu o livro por uma semana" versus "João leu o livro em uma semana". Assim, diante desse resultado experimental e da teoria aqui esboçada, dispensamos como um todo o apelo a expedientes como coerção para entender a detelicização
Abstract: This dissertation investigates the phenomenon of detelicization, represented by sentences such as "João leu o livro por 1 semana" ("John read a book for 1 week"), in which there is a telic event (i.e., an event which has a non-arbítrary final point) followed by an adjunct like "for X time", which, according to the literature, is incompatible with telic events. In order to accommodate the fact that the speakers accepted thís kind of sentence, most of the theories which deal wíth detelicization treat the alleged incompatibilíty via coercion or type-mismatch. Thís díssertatíon presents an alternative to the main stream: a semantic-pragmatic approach. In order to investigate detelicization, first we present the theoretic framework we adopt. In this framework, we consíder the temporal-aspectual domaín as composed of three subdomaíns, namely: (i) temporal reference, whích gives the deictic localization of an event in the time arrow; (ií) aspect, which is the way a speaker chooses to represent an event; the event can be concluded or unconcluded; (iii) actionality, that ís, what kínd of event is denoted by the predicate. The objective of the second chapter ís to achieve a better understandíng of the notion of telícíty, and of how it is captured by contemporary temporal-aspectual theories. This understanding ís índispensable, since only telic events can be "detelicízed". In the third chapter we define detelicization in detail, Í.e. ít ís the presentatíon of and event as interrupted, that is, a telic event which begíns and stops wíthout reaching its final point, íts telos. We then íntroduce a semantic-pragmatic theory which explaíns how this interpretation comes about, and what ís semantics and what is pragmatics in it. Finally, in the fourth chapter we perform two psycholinguistícs experiments aíming at verifyíng the existence of some empirical grounds (i.e., reading time) sustaíníng coercion or type-mismatch, postulated to account for sentences as "'João leu o livro por 1 semana". The analysis of experiments' results shows no significative difference in reading time between, e.g., "João leu o livro por 1 semana" and "João leu o livro em 1 semana" ("John read a book in 1 week"). Gíven this result and the semantic-pragmatic approach sketched here, we claím that the notion of coercion is unnecessary to ::.ccount for the phenomenon of detelicization
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Mestre em Linguística
Arvidsson, Emma, and Katarina Petersson. "”Läraren pratade så det verkade lätt” : En kvalitativ studie om elever i årskurs sex och deras förståelse av lärares kommunikation i klassrummet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96128.
Full textTiberghien, Thibaut. "Strategies for context reasoning in assistive livings for the elderly." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048698.
Full textBoeckx, Dirk Anton. "Aspects of proper names and content." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322035.
Full textSilva, Antonio Valbert Alves. "O verbo no livro dos Salmos: a semântica dos aspectos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4494.
Full textThis paper is a study of verbal aspects in the book of Psalms, considering their semantic-syntactic value. To this end, the evolution in language studies is considered, based on Hermann Paul (1970); the development of the science of meaning through the work of Breal (1925), enriched by Marquess perspective (2001); the evolution of linguistics through structuralism based on the works of Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonor de Bloomfield and on Noam Chomskys generative grammar. We focus on the discoursive textual dimension to generate formulations about the verb and articulate a relation between the theory of text and discourse according to Travaglias perspective (1991). The study portrays the relations of meaning that verbs take on inside the text, based on the study of aspect according to the assumptions of Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) and Azeredo (2010). To establish relations between verbal aspect and the biblical message of the Psalms, the study draws on Ilaris semantic foundations (2001), and on the semantic and theological commentary in Champlin (2000)
Chan, Yin-ling Eva. "Verb semantics and aspect in the language of Cantonese-speaking preschoolers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207391.
Full text"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences). The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.
Oshiro, Tokiko. "Aspects of semantic change in honorific verbs of the Okinawan language." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1226942508.
Full textSoffner, Martin. "Semantic and pragmatic aspects of some particular uses of contrast marking." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-25628.
Full textAltaie, Liqaa. "Étude des mots indiquant la couleur dans les proverbes et les locutions proverbiales français et irakiens : étude linguistique comparée." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1015.
Full textOur thesis concerns the contrastive linguistic study of The reference to colors in the proverbs from a corpus of 208 proverbs collected in France and in Iraq. We shall study how the colors are expressed in both languages (word classes, grammatical and prosodic structure of the statements, the rhetoric tools applied to colors to strengthen their meaning value) as well as the link of the speakers for colors in the proverbs they use. We shall also try to explore in both languages the differences related to the period when the proverb was the most used as well as in the degree of knowledge of the proverbs according to age, sex, profession and the region of the speaker. The French language as well as the Iraqi dialect contain a big proportion of words indicating the color in the proverbs. And it is the connotation of these words that is the origin of the difficulty of understanding. Furthermore, according to countries, cultures and times, the colors take on different meanings sometimes to the antipodes of those of the nearby cultures like the colour white, associated in the West and in Arab countries to purity, while it is refers to mourning in most of the Asian countries. Thanks to the language, as we know it, the man can communicate, exchange information, ideas and eelings. In other words, the speakers can express what they want to express, what they want to sayand the listenerscan receive the information. However, in communication, it is not always easy to understand completely and exactly what is said and written, because the meaning of the word is complicated and sophisticated. The same word, used in these various situations, will have various meanings. The words indicating the color come up against with the same problems. Working as an isolated unity, the proverb is a combinatio of words taken from the general vocabulary of every language. We consider the words indicating the color in the proverbs and the proverbial expressions as the object of our study because the color is everywhere in our life : the color of the plants and animals, the color of the sky and the earth, the color of food, but also because the proverbs constitute a source of rich vocabulary for those who learn the language. The proverbs refers to diverse semantic fields and they reflect nicely the cultural difficulties related to learning of the French language in Iraq. Besides this, we would try to prove through transformations and manipulations that these proverbs can be frozen. An elaborate study of these semantic and syntactical features seemed to us absolutely essential to report the existence of the congealing in the proverbs, a very important and very complex linguistic phenomenon at the same time. Besides that, the critical comparison between these two languages : French and Arabic in this particular case, asserts that the phenomenon of the congealing is just a universal linguistic fact, and reveals that each language has its own mechanisms of congealing. We can note that, from the semantic point of view, the meaning of the proverbs is not calculated according to the rules of the compositionality ; in other words, the global meaning of the proverbs is not the addition of the meaning of the elements which compose them
Carvalho, Andrea Marques de. "O auxiliar aspectual Tyka do Karitiana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-25082010-144136/.
Full textThis research investigates the semantics of the word tyka in Karitiana, an Amazonian language of the Arikém family (Tupi stock) spoken nowadays by approximately 320 people who live in their own reservation located in Porto Velho, Rondônia (Nelson Karitiana - personal communication - 2005).
Amalric, Marie. "Etude des mécanismes cérébraux d'apprentissage et de traitement des concepts mathématiques de haut niveau." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066143/document.
Full textHow does the human brain conceptualize abstract ideas? In particular, what is the origin of mathematical activity, especially when it is associated with high-level of abstraction? Is mathematical thought independent of language? Cognitive science has now started to investigate this question that has been of great interest to philosophers, mathematicians and educators for a long time. While studies have so far focused on basic arithmetic processing, my PhD thesis aims at further investigating the cerebral processes involved in the manipulation and learning of more advanced mathematical ideas. I have shown that (1) advanced mathematical reflection on concepts mastered for many years does not recruit the brain circuits for language; (2) mathematical activity systematically involves number- and space-related brain regions, regardless of mathematical domain, problem difficulty, and participants' visual experience; (3) non-verbal acquisition of geometrical rules relies on a language of thought that is independent of natural spoken language. Finally, altogether these results raise new questions and pave the way to further investigations in neuroscience: - is the human ability for language also irrelevant to advanced mathematical acquisition in schools where knowledge is taught verbally? - What is the operational definition of the fields of “mathematics” and “language” at the brain level?
Johannesson, Eric. "Analyticity, Necessity and Belief : Aspects of two-dimensional semantics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141565.
Full textBertucci, Roberlei Alves. "Uma análise semântica para verbos aspectuais em português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/552.
Full textEsta tese investiga a contribuição semântica dos verbos aspectuais acabar, começar, continuar, deixar, parar, passar, voltar e terminar em português brasileiro. O objetivo geral é contribuir para a análise sobre aspecto e sobre verbos aspectuais em PB e nas línguas naturais em geral, utilizando a Semântica Formal como modelo de análise. Este trabalho defende que os verbos aspectuais são modificadores de eventualidades e por isso contribuem para a expressão do aspecto lexical (Aktionsart), seguindo trabalhos anteriores, como os de Oliveira et al. (2001) e de Laca (2002; 2004; 2005). Ele assume que os verbos aqui estudados se comportam de forma diferente dos verbos de aspecto gramatical como estar e ir, tendo inclusive uma posição diferente na estrutura sintática. Como os verbos aspectuais se relacionam com o aspecto lexical, este trabalho também investiga as propriedades do aspecto lexical presentes no predicado selecionado por um verbo aspectual. Para a seleção dos verbos aspectuais, as propriedades relevantes se encontram no nível do sintagma verbal (VP) e são dadas composicionalmente. Por isso, constituintes como o objeto direto podem alterá-las, permitindo (ou restringindo) a seleção do VP em questão por parte do verbo aspectual. A tese aqui defendida é a de que cada verbo aspectual seleciona seus complementos a partir de propriedades específicas presentes no VP e que estão ligadas à semântica do verbo aspectual em questão. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa defende que as restrições de seleção de cada verbo aspectual podem ser acessadas na entrada lexical do verbo aspectual, sendo possível explicar a seleção de complementos feita por esses verbos. Além disso, defendemos a tese de que a entrada lexical pode apresentar a diferença entre verbos como começar e passar, nas perífrases começar a+infinitivo e passar a +infinitivo, por exemplo.
This thesis investigates the semantic contribution of the following aspectual verbs: começar ‘begin’, continuar ‘continue’, deixar ‘quit’, parar ‘stop’, passar ‘pass’, voltar ‘resume’, and acabar/terminar ‘finish’, in Brazilian Portuguese (BrP). The main goal is to contribute to the discussion about aspect and aspectual verbs in BrP and in natural languages in general, within a Formal Semantics approach. This work treats aspectual verbs as eventuality modifiers, and, consequently, it defends that they contribute to express lexical aspect (Aktionsart) – or situation aspect (Smith 1997) – in accordance with previous works such as Oliveira et al. (2001) and Laca (2002; 2004; 2005). This thesis also proposes that the verbs under discussion behave differently from verbs which contribute to express grammatical aspect – or viewpoint aspect (Smith 1997) – such as estar ‘be’, in the progressive aspect, and ir ‘go’, in the prospective aspect, also assuming that they have different positions in the syntactic structure. Since aspectual verbs are related to lexical aspect, the present research also analyzes lexical aspect features in the predicate which is selected for these verbs. Relevant features for this selection are located in the verbal phrase level (VP) and are given compositionally. Thus, phrases such as the direct object are able to change them, allowing (or not) that an aspectual verb select this VP. This work defends the hypothesis that each aspectual verb selects their complements based on specific features found in the VP, and that these features are linked to the semantics of this aspectual verb. Then, this research defends the idea that the selection constraints of each aspectual verb can be observed in its lexical entry, which explains the selection made by these verbs. Furthermore, we defend the idea that we can verify differences between semantically similar verbs like começar and passar, in their periphrastic construction, from differences found in their lexical entries.