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Academic literature on the topic 'Sem1'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sem1"

Varady, Krista A., Surabhi Bhutani, Monica C. Klempel, and Benoît Lamarche. "Improvements in LDL particle size and distribution by short-term alternate day modified fasting in obese adults." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 4 (September 30, 2010): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003788.

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Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) beneficially modulates several indicators of CHD risk, but its effects on LDL particle size have never been tested. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ADMF on LDL particle size and distribution in obese adults. Sixteen obese subjects participated in a 10-week trial with three consecutive phases: (1) 2-week control phase; (2) 4-week ADMF controlled feeding phase; (3) 4-week ADMF self-selected feeding phase. After 8 weeks of diet, body weight and waist circumference were reduced (P < 0·05) by 5·6 (sem0·9) kg and 4·0 (sem0·9) cm, respectively. LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations decreased (P < 0·05) by 25 (sem10) % and 32 (sem6) %, respectively. Peak LDL particle size increased (P < 0·05) from 266 (sem1) to 268 (sem1) Å. Additionally, the proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0·05) from 13 (sem2) % to 9 (sem3) %, while the proportion of large LDL particles increased (P < 0·05) from 68 (sem4) % to 76 (sem4) % post-treatment. These findings suggest that ADMF is an effective diet strategy for increasing LDL particle size and decreasing the proportion of small, dense LDL particles in obese adults.

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Rotondo, Serenella, Katarzyna Krauze-Brzósko, Stefano Manarini, Nicola Martelli, Romina Pecce, Virgilio Evangelista, Maria Benedetta Donati, and Chiara Cerletti. "Inhibition by soya isoflavones of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function: possible relevance for the beneficial effects of soya intake." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 2 (February 2008): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507797052.

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Lower CVD incidence is reported in Asian populations consuming soya-containing food. As polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in the risk of CVD, we investigated the modulatory effect of soya isoflavones on several PMN functions and their molecular mechanismsin vitro. PMN, isolated from blood from healthy subjects, were tested upon activation with 1 μm- n-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for superoxide anion production (ferric cytochrome c reduction) and released elastase (chromogenic test). PMN homotypic aggregates stimulated by fMLP or P-selectin in dynamic conditions were detected by optical microscopy. PMN, mixed with thrombin-activated, washed platelets, formed cell aggregates, measured by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of Pyk2, a focal adhesion kinase, was studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Genistein, daidzein and equol inhibited superoxide anion production (IC500·25 (sem0·1), 21·0 (sem4·2) and 13·0 (sem2·8) μm, respectively); the release of elastase was prevented by genistein (IC5063 (sem17) μm). PMN homotypic aggregates, stimulated by fMLP, were significantly reduced (24 (sem12) and 51 (sem14) % of control) by 100 μmgenistein and equol. P-selectin-induced aggregates were reduced to 19 (sem6), 44 (sem10) and 28 (sem9) % of control by 100 μmgenistein, daidzein and equol, respectively. Genistein, daidzein and equol also significantly reduced mixed platelet-PMN aggregates (IC504·0 (sem0·9), 57 (sem6) and 66 (sem23) μm, respectively). In PMN challenged by fMLP or P-selectin, activation of Pyk2 was prevented by isoflavones. The cardioprotective effect of soya-containing food might be linked to reduction of PMN activation and PMN-platelet interaction, novel targets for the biological effects of soya isoflavones.

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Berry, Mary J., Anne L. Jaquiery, Mark H. Oliver, Jane E. Harding, and Frank H. Bloomfield. "Neonatal milk supplementation in lambs has persistent effects on growth and metabolic function that differ by sex and gestational age." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 11 (December 14, 2016): 1912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004013.

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AbstractThe perinatal environment has a major influence on long-term health and disease risk. Preterm birth alters early-life environment and is associated with altered metabolic function in adulthood. Whether preterm birthper seor the early nutritional interventions used to support growth in preterm infants underpins this association is unknown. Lambs born preterm, following dexamethasone induction of labour, or spontaneously at term were randomised to receive nutrient supplementation, analogous to the milk fortifier used clinically or water as a control for the first 2 weeks after birth. Thereafter, nutrition was not different between groups. Growth was monitored, and the glucose–insulin axis function was assessed in juvenile (4 months) and adult life (14 months). Early nutrition influenced adult metabolic function and body composition to a greater extent than preterm birth. In supplemented females, arginine-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in preterm but reduced in term-born juveniles compared with controls (repeated-measures ANOVAP<0·01). In supplemented preterm males, adult weight, ponderal index (PI) and fasting insulin concentrations were elevated compared with preterm controls (weight, 75 (sem3)v. 69 (sem2) kg; PI, 48·0 (sem2·1)v. 43·7 (sem1·7) kg/m3; fasting insulin, 0·19 (sem0·02)v. 0·10 (sem0·02) ng/ml). Conversely, supplemented term-born males had reduced adult weight, PI and fasting insulin concentrations compared with term-born controls (weight, 64 (sem2)v. 70 (sem2) kg; PI, 44·4 (sem1·8)v. 48·2 (sem1·7) kg/m3; fasting insulin, 0·09 (sem0·02)v. 0·14 (sem0·02) ng/ml; all group×supplement interactionsP<0·05). Adult metabolic health may reflect both gestational age at birth and early nutrition. Human studies are urgently needed to investigate the adult sex-specific health implications of neonatal nutritional strategies.

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Nymo, Siren, Silvia R. Coutinho, Linn-Christin H. Torgersen, Ola J. Bomo, Ingrid Haugvaldstad, Helen Truby, Bård Kulseng, and Catia Martins. "Timeline of changes in adaptive physiological responses, at the level of energy expenditure, with progressive weight loss." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000922.

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AbstractDiet-induced weight loss (WL) is associated with reduced resting and non-resting energy expenditure (EE), driven not only by changes in body composition but also potentially by adaptive thermogenesis (AT). When exactly this happens, during progressive WL, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the timeline of changes in RMR and exercise-induced EE (EIEE), stemming from changes in body compositionv. the presence of AT, during WL with a very-low-energy diet (VLED). In all, thirty-one adults (eighteen men) with obesity (BMI: 37 (sem4·5) kg/m2; age: 43 (sem10) years) underwent 8 weeks of a VLED, followed by 4 weeks of weight maintenance. Body weight and composition, RMR, net EIEE (10, 25 and 50 W) and AT (for RMR (ATRMR) and EIEE (ATEIEE)) were measured at baseline, day 3 (2 (sem1) % WL), after 5 and 10 % WL and at weeks 9 (16 (sem2) %) and 13 (16 (sem1) %). RMR and fat mass were significantly reduced for the first time at 5 % WL (12 (sem8) d) (P<0·01 andP<0·001, respectively) and EIEE at 10 % WL (32 (sem8) d), for all levels of power (P<0·05), and sustained up to week 13. ATRMRwas transiently present at 10 % WL (−460 (sem690) kJ/d,P<0·01). A fall in RMR should be anticipated at ≥5 % WL and a reduction in EIEE at ≥10 % WL. Transient ATRMRcan be expected at 10 % WL. These physiological adaptations may make progressive WL difficult and will probably contribute to relapse.

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Henry, R., G. E. Peoples, and P. L. McLennan. "Muscle fatigue resistance in the rat hindlimbin vivofrom low dietary intakes of tuna fish oil that selectively increase phospholipidn-3 docosahexaenoic acid according to muscle fibre type." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 6 (August 12, 2015): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002512.

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AbstractDietary fish oil (FO) modulates muscle O2consumption and contractile function, predictive of effects on muscle fatigue. High doses unattainable through human diet and muscle stimulation parameters used engender uncertainty in their physiological relevance. We tested the hypothesis that nutritionally relevant FO doses can modulate membrane fatty acid composition and muscle fatigue. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomised to control (10 % olive oil (OO) by weight) or low or moderate FO diet (LowFO and ModFO) (HiDHA tuna fish oil) for 15 weeks (LowFO: 0·3 % FO, 9·7 % OO, 0·25 % energy as EPA+DHA; ModFO: 1·25 % FO, 8·75 % OO, 1·0 % energy as EPA+DHA). Hindlimb muscle function was assessed under anaesthesiain vivousing repetitive 5 s burst sciatic nerve stimulation (0·05 ms, 7–12 V, 5 Hz, 10 s duty cycle, 300 s). There were no dietary differences in maximum developed muscle force. Repetitive peak developed force fell to 50 % within 62 (sem10) s in controls and took longer to decline in FO-fed rats (LowFO 110 (sem15) s; ModFO 117 (sem14) s) (P<0·05). Force within bursts was better sustained with FO and maximum rates of force development and relaxation declined more slowly. The FO-fed rats incorporated higher muscle phospholipid DHA-relative percentages than controls (P<0·001). Incorporation of DHA was greater in the fast-twitch gastrocnemius (Control 9·3 (sem0·8) %, LowFO 19·9 (sem0·4), ModFO 24·3 (sem1·0)) than in the slow-twitch soleus muscle (Control 5·1 (sem0·2), LowFO 14·3 (sem0·7), ModFO 18·0 (sem1·4)) (P<0·001), which was comparable with the myocardium, in line with muscle fibre characteristics. The LowFO and ModFO diets, emulating human dietary and therapeutic supplement intake, respectively, both elicited muscle membrane DHA enrichment and fatigue resistance, providing a foundation for translating these physiological effects to humans.

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Viegas, Ivan, João Rito, Ivana Jarak, Sara Leston, Albert Caballero-Solares, Isidoro Metón, Miguel A. Pardal, Isabel V. Baanante, and John G. Jones. "Contribution of dietary starch to hepatic and systemic carbohydrate fluxes in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labraxL.)." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 9 (April 2, 2015): 1345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000574.

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In the present study, the effects of partial substitution of dietary protein by digestible starch on endogenous glucose production were evaluated in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The fractional contribution of dietary carbohydratesv.gluconeogenesis to blood glucose appearance and hepatic glycogen synthesis was quantified in two groups of seabass fed with a diet containing 30 % digestible starch (DS) or without a carbohydrate supplement as the control (CTRL). Measurements were performed by transferring the fish to a tank containing water enriched with 5 %2H2O over the last six feeding days, and quantifying the incorporation of2H into blood glucose and hepatic glycogen by2H NMR. For CTRL fish, gluconeogenesis accounted for the majority of circulating glucose while for the DS fish, this contribution was significantly lower (CTRL 85 (sem4) %v.DS 54 (sem2) %;P< 0·001). Hepatic glycogen synthesis via gluconeogenesis (indirect pathway) was also significantly reduced in the DS fish, in both relative (CTRL 100 (sem1) %v.DS 72 (sem1) %;P< 0·001) and absolute terms (CTRL 28 (sem1)v.DS 17 (sem1) μmol/kg per h;P< 0·001). A major fraction of the dietary carbohydrates that contributed to blood glucose appearance (33 (sem1) % of the total 47 (sem2) %) had undergone exchange with hepatic glucose 6-phosphate. This indicated the simultaneous activity of hepatic glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase. In conclusion, supplementation of digestible starch resulted in a significant reduction of gluconeogenic contributions to systemic glucose appearance and hepatic glycogen synthesis.

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Ndou, S. P., R. M. Gous, and M. Chimonyo. "Prediction of scaled feed intake in weaner pigs using physico-chemical properties of fibrous feeds." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 4 (January 23, 2013): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512005624.

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The objective of the present study was to predict scaled feed intake (SFI) using the physico-chemical measurements of feed bulk, such that gut capacity can be estimated in weaner pigs. A basal feed with 13·7 MJ digestible energy and 180 g crude protein per kg DM was diluted to six inclusion levels (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 g/kg DM) using lucerne hay, maize cob, maize stover, sawdust, sunflower husks or grass hay (veld grass). A total of 124 pigs weighing 18·1 (sd1·37) kg body weight were used. Water-holding capacity (WHC; g water/g DM), bulk density (g DM/ml), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) influenced the SFI. The quadratic relationship between SFI and WHC was SFI = 19·1 (sem3·49)+10·04 (sem1·61) WHC–1·11 (sem0·17) WHC2(P< 0·01). SFI was also related (P< 0·01) to NDF and ADF by quadratic functions SFI = 24·3 (sem3·55)+0·12 (sem0·229) NDF − 0·00 012 (sem0·000036) NDF2and SFI = 30·2 (sem1·95)+0·112 (sem0·0232) ADF–0·000343 (sem0·0000612) ADF2, respectively. Using broken-stick analyses, the gut capacity was attained when WHC = 4·53 (sem1·25) g water/g DM, NDF = 367 (sem29) g/kg DM and ADF = 138 (sem77) g/kg DM. In conclusion, although threshold values for each were different, WHC, NDF and ADF contents of bulk feeds provide relationships with SFI that can be used to predict gut capacity in weaner pigs.

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Justino, Priscilla F. C., Luis F. M. Melo, Andre F. Nogueira, Jose V. G. Costa, Luara M. N. Silva, Cecila M. Santos, Walber O. Mendes, et al. "Treatment withSaccharomyces boulardiireduces the inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice." British Journal of Nutrition 111, no. 9 (February 6, 2014): 1611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513004248.

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Intestinal mucositis is an important toxic side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.Saccharomyces boulardiiis known to protect from intestinal injury via an effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect ofS. boulardiion intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in a murine model. Mice were divided into saline, saline (control)+5-FU or 5-FU+S. boulardii(16 × 109colony-forming units/kg) treatment groups, and the jejunum and ileum were removed after killing of mice for the evaluation of histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and non-protein sulfhydryl group (mainly reduced glutathione; GSH), nitrite and cytokine concentrations. To determine gastric emptying, phenol red was administered orally, mice were killed 20 min after administration, and the absorbance of samples collected from the mice was measured by spectrophotometry. Intestinal permeability was measured by the urinary excretion rate of lactulose and mannitol following oral administration.S. boulardiisignificantly reversed the histopathological changes in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU and reduced the inflammatory parameters: neutrophil infiltration (control 1·73 (sem0·37) ultrastructural MPO (UMPO)/mg, 5-FU 7·37 (sem1·77) UMPO/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii4·15 (sem0·73) UMPO/mg); nitrite concentration (control 37·00 (sem2·39) μm, 5-FU 59·04 (sem11·41) μmand 5-FU+S. boulardii37·90 (sem5·78) μm); GSH concentration (control 477·60 (sem25·25) μg/mg, 5-FU 270·90 (sem38·50) μg/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii514·00 (sem38·64) μg/mg). Treatment with S.Boulardiisignificantly reduced the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β by 48·92 and 32·21 % in the jejunum and 38·92 and 61·79 % in the ileum. In addition,S. boulardiidecreased the concentrations of chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 by 5-fold in the jejunum and 3-fold in the ileum. Interestingly,S. boulardiireduced the delay in gastric emptying (control 25·21 (sem2·55) %, 5-FU 54·91 (sem3·43) % and 5-FU+S. boulardii31·38 (sem2·80) %) and induced the recovery of intestinal permeability (lactulose:mannitol ratio: control 0·52 (sem0·03), 5-FU 1·38 (sem0·24) and 5-FU+S. boulardii0·62 (sem0·03)). In conclusion,S. boulardiireduces the inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.

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Dai, Yanyan, Fan Yang, Nan Zhou, Lijun Sha, Shanshan Zhou, Junle Wang, and Xiaonan Li. "A post-weaning fish oil dietary intervention reverses adverse metabolic outcomes and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in postnatal overfed rats." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 9 (November 7, 2016): 1519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003718.

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AbstractEarly life is considered a critical period for determining long-term metabolic health. Postnatal over-nutrition may alter glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism and increase the risk of developing obesity and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Our aim was to assess the effects of the dose and timing of a fish oil diet on obesity and the expression of GC-activated enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) in postnatal overfed rats. Litter sizes were adjusted to three (small litter (SL)) or ten (normal litter) rats on postnatal day 3 to induce overfeeding or normal feeding. The SL rats were divided into three groups after weaning: high-dose fish oil (HFO), low-dose fish oil (LFO) and standard-diet groups. After 10 weeks, the HFO diet reduced body weight gain (16 %,P<0·05), improved glucose intolerance and decreased hyperlipaemia levels (P<0·05) in SL rats, but the LFO diet did not have any effect on the same rats. Moreover, we chose postnatal week 3 (W3), 6 (W6) and 8 (W8) as the intervention time points at which to begin the 10-week HFO diet, and found that the HFO diet improved glucose utilisation and lipid metabolism at all time points. However, body weight of SL rats was reversed to normal levels by the post-weaning intervention (461 (sem9·1)v. 450 (sem2·0)). 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue (49 (sem7·5)v. 161 (sem18·3),P<0·05) and hepatic tissue (11 (sem0·9)v. 16 (sem1·5),P<0·05) was decreased by the HFO diet at W3, but not at W6 or W8 (P>0·05). In conclusion, the post-weaning HFO diet could reverse adverse outcomes and decrease tissue GC activity in postnatal overfed rats.

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Osetrina, Daria A., Aleksandra M. Kusova, Aydar G. Bikmullin, Evelina A. Klochkova, Aydar R. Yulmetov, Evgenia A. Semenova, Timur A. Mukhametzyanov, Konstantin S. Usachev, Vladimir V. Klochkov, and Dmitriy S. Blokhin. "Extent of N-Terminus Folding of Semenogelin 1 Cleavage Product Determines Tendency to Amyloid Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 8949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108949.

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It is known that four peptide fragments of predominant protein in human semen Semenogelin 1 (SEM1) (SEM1(86–107), SEM1(68–107), SEM1(49–107) and SEM1(45–107)) are involved in fertilization and amyloid formation processes. In this work, the structure and dynamic behavior of SEM1(45–107) and SEM1(49–107) peptides and their N-domains were described. According to ThT fluorescence spectroscopy data, it was shown that the amyloid formation of SEM1(45–107) starts immediately after purification, which is not observed for SEM1(49–107). Seeing that the peptide amino acid sequence of SEM1(45–107) differs from SEM1(49–107) only by the presence of four additional amino acid residues in the N domain, these domains of both peptides were obtained via solid-phase synthesis and the difference in their dynamics and structure was investigated. SEM1(45–67) and SEM1(49–67) showed no principal difference in dynamic behavior in water solution. Furthermore, we obtained mostly disordered structures of SEM1(45–67) and SEM1(49–67). However, SEM1(45–67) contains a helix (E58-K60) and helix-like (S49-Q51) fragments. These helical fragments may rearrange into β-strands during amyloid formation process. Thus, the difference in full-length peptides’ (SEM1(45–107) and SEM1(49–107)) amyloid-forming behavior may be explained by the presence of a structured helix at the SEM1(45–107) N-terminus, which contributes to an increased rate of amyloid formation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sem1"

Pelletier, Aurore. "Fonctions des peptides smORF Tic-Tac et Sem1 dans la reproduction et le développement chez la Drosophile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30269.

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De récentes avancées technologiques ont révélé que des petits ORF (Open Reading Frame), dont la taille est inférieure à 100 codons et qui étaient jusqu'à présent considérés comme non codants à cause de leur petite taille, peuvent être traduits en des milliers de petits peptides smORF (small ORF) dans tous les organismes. Plusieurs études ont montré que des peptides smORF peuvent interagir avec des protéines canoniques et réguler leur activité. La famille des peptides smORF représente ainsi un réservoir largement inexploré de potentiels régulateurs. Un crible fonctionnel mené chez la Drosophile nous a permis d'identifier de nouveaux peptides smORF impliqués dans le développement, dont plusieurs sont issus de la traduction d'ARN polycistroniques. Mon projet de recherche de thèse a été de caractériser la fonction chez la Drosophile de 1) Tic et Tac, deux peptides smORF inconnus codés par un ARN bicistronique , et de 2) Sem1/DSS1, un peptide très conservé. La première partie de mes travaux de thèse a été d'analyser la fonction biologique de deux peptides smORF inconnus codés par un ARN bicistronique que nous avons nommé tictac. J'ai démontré que Tic et Tac sont deux peptides traduits à partir du même ARN bicistronique tictac, dont la séquence en AA et la localisation cellulaire sont différentes. In vivo, tictac est fortement exprimé dans les organes reproducteurs mâles. A la suite d'un accouplement, les changements comportementaux et physiologiques caractérisant la réponse post-accouplement de la femelle, induits par le fluide séminal, sont affectés en absence de tictac chez les mâles. Grâce à l'analyse du transcriptome sur les organes reproducteurs mâles, je montre que l'absence de tictac conduit à une dérégulation transcriptionnelle de 150 gènes, dont 10% codent pour des composants du liquide séminal, montrant que tictac régule sa composition. La délétion spécifique de tic ou de tac, montre qu'ils ont des fonctions in vivo différentes mais que tous deux sont impliqués dans la synthèse du liquide séminal. L'analyse des glandes accessoires, l'organe fonctionnel équivalent de la prostate humaine fabriquant le fluide séminal, révèle que leur maturation et que leur fonction sécrétrice sont régulées par tictac. La recherche d'homologues de Tic et de Tac indique que Tic possède un domaine peptidique présentant une homologie avec un sous-domaine de RQC1 de levure, impliquée dans le contrôle qualité des ribosomes, alors que Tac possède un domaine serglycine, connu chez l'homme pour avoir des fonctions importantes dans la sécrétion. Ainsi, les peptides smORF Tic et Tac contribueraient à la synthèse et à la sécrétion des protéines du fluide séminal. Dans un second temps, j'ai mené l'analyse moléculaire de Sem1, une protéine intrinsèquement désordonnée connue pour interagir et réguler plusieurs complexes macromoléculaires. Comme ces données ont été générées dans des modèles in cellulo et in vitro, j'ai mené l'analyse moléculaire de Sem1 pour la première fois in vivo. J'ai montré que Sem1 est essentielle car sa délétion induit une létalité au stade larvaire. De plus, son absence entraine une apoptose massive se généralisant à l'ensemble du tissu de manière non-cellulaire autonome. Pour découpler les fonctions moléculaires de Sem1 et identifier le(s) domaine(s) protéique(s) essentiels à la survie cellulaire, j'ai généré pour chaque domaine fonctionnel une forme mutée, dont j'ai induit l'expression dans un contexte déplété de Sem1. Cette analyse structure-fonction met en évidence que les deux domaines interagissant avec l'ubiquitine sont essentiels au développement. En conclusion, mes travaux de thèse mettent en lumière de nouvelles fonctions des peptides smORF dans la reproduction et la survie cellulaire, illustrant la capacité des peptides smORF à agir sur de multiples complexes macro-moléculaires et contrôler ainsi de nombreux processus physiologiques
Recent technological advances have revealed that small ORFs (Open Reading Frame), which are less than 100 codons in size and were previously considered non-coding due to their small size, can be translated into thousands of smORF (small ORF) peptides in all organisms. Several studies have shown that smORF peptides can interact with canonical proteins and regulate their activity. Thus, the smORF peptide family represents a vast unexplored reservoir of potential regulators. A functional screen carried out in Drosophila identified new smORF peptides involved in development, several of which are derived from polycistronic RNA translation. My thesis research project was to characterize the function in Drosophila of 1) Tic and Tac, two unknown smORF peptides encoded by a bicistronic RNA, and 2) Sem1/DSS1, a highly conserved peptide. The first part of my thesis was to analyze the biological function of two unknown smORF peptides encoded by a bicistronic RNA that we named tictac. I demonstrated that Tic and Tac are two peptides translated from the same bicistronic RNA tictac, but with different AA sequences and cellular localization. In vivo, tictac is highly expressed in male reproductive organs. Following mating, behavioral and physiological changes characterizing the post-mating response in female, which are mainly induced by the seminal fluid, are affected in the absence of tictac in males. Using transcriptome analysis on male reproductive organs, I show that the absence of tictac leads to transcriptional deregulation of 150 genes. Among them, 10% code for seminal fluid components, proving that tictac regulates its composition. Specific deletion of either tic or tac highlights that they have different in vivo functions, but that both are involved in seminal fluid synthesis. The analysis of accessory glands, the functional seminal fluid-producing organ equivalent to the human prostate, reveals that their maturation and secretory function are regulated by tictac. The search for homologs of Tic and Tac indicates that Tic has a peptide domain with strong homology to a subdomain of RQC1, a yeast protein involved in ribosome quality control, and Tac has a serglycin domain, known in human to have important functions in secretion. My data therefore suggests that Tic and Tac smORF peptides may contribute to the synthesis and secretion of seminal fluid proteins. In a second step, I carried out the molecular analysis of Sem1, an intrinsically disordered protein known to interact with and regulate several macromolecular complexes. As these data were only generated in cellulo and in vitro models, I carried out the molecular analysis of Sem1 for the first time in vivo. I showed that Sem1 is essential, as its deletion induces lethality at the larval stage. Moreover, its absence leads to massive apoptosis that generalizes to the whole tissue in a non-cell-autonomous manner. To uncouple the molecular functions of Sem1 and identify the protein domains essential for cell survival, I generated a mutated form of each functional domain, then induced its expression in the absence of endogenous Sem1. This structure-function analysis revealed that two domains known to interact with ubiquitin are essential for development. In conclusion, my thesis work highlights new functions of smORF peptides in reproduction and cell survival, illustrating the ability of smORF peptides to act on multiple macro-molecular complexes, thus controlling numerous physiological processes

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Weise, Jillian. "Semi Semi Dash." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258477843.

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Forshaw, Gareth William. "Semi-automatic matching of semi-structured data updates." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12930.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Data matching, also referred to as data linkage or field matching, is a technique used to combine multiple data sources into one data set. Data matching is used for data integration in a number of sectors and industries; from politics and health care to scientific applications. The motivation for this study was the observation of the day-to-day struggles of a large non-governmental organisation (NGO) in managing their membership database. With a membership base of close to 2.4 million, the challenges they face with regard to the capturing and processing of the semi-structured membership updates are monumental. Updates arrive from the field in a multitude of formats, often incomplete and unstructured, and expert knowledge is geographically localised. These issues are compounded by an extremely complex organisational hierarchy and a general lack of data validation processes. An online system was proposed for pre-processing input and then matching it against the membership database. Termed the Data Pre-Processing and Matching System (DPPMS), it allows for single or bulk updates. Based on the success of the DPPMS with the NGO’s membership database, it was subsequently used for pre-processing and data matching of semi-structured patient and financial customer data. Using the semi-automated DPPMS rather than a clerical data matching system, true positive matches increased by 21% while false negative matches decreased by 20%. The Recall, Precision and F-Measure values all improved and the risk of false positives diminished. The DPPMS was unable to match approximately 8% of provided records; this was largely due to human error during initial data capture. While the DPPMS greatly diminished the reliance on experts, their role remained pivotal during the final stage of the process.

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Chakrabortty, Abhishek. "Robust Semi-Parametric Inference in Semi-Supervised Settings." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493516.

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In this dissertation, we consider semi-parametric estimation problems under semi-supervised (SS) settings, wherein the available data consists of a small or moderate sized labeled data (L), and a much larger unlabeled data (U). Such data arises naturally from settings where the outcome, unlike the covariates, is expensive to obtain, a frequent scenario in modern studies involving large electronic databases. It is often of interest in SS settings to investigate if and when U can be exploited to improve estimation efficiency, compared to supervised estimators based on L only. In Chapter 1, we propose a class of Efficient and Adaptive Semi-Supervised Estimators (EASE) for linear regression. These are semi-non-parametric imputation based two-step estimators adaptive to model mis-specification, leading to improved efficiency under model mis-specification, and equal (optimal) efficiency when the linear model holds. This adaptive property is crucial for advocating safe use of U. We provide asymptotic results establishing our claims, followed by simulations and application to real data. In Chapter 2, we provide a unified framework for SS M-estimation problems based on general estimating equations, and propose a family of EASE estimators that are always as efficient as the supervised estimator and more efficient whenever U is actually informative for the parameter of interest. For a subclass of problems, we also provide a flexible semi-non-parametric imputation strategy for constructing EASE. We provide asymptotic results establishing our claims, followed by simulations and application to real data. In Chapter 3, we consider regressing a binary outcome (Y) on some covariates (X) based on a large unlabeled data with observations only for X, and additionally, a surrogate (S) which can predict Y with high accuracy when it assumes extreme values. Assuming Y and S both follow single index models versus X, we show that under sparsity assumptions, we can recover the regression parameter of Y versus X through a least squares LASSO estimator based on the subset of the data restricted to the extreme sets of S with Y imputed using the surrogacy of S. We provide sharp finite sample performance guarantees for our estimator, followed by simulations and application to real data.
Biostatistics

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Garraway, William Dale. "Semi-quantaloids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24844.pdf.

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Hawryluk, Lynda J. "Semi-detached." Thesis, View thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/28403.

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This collection of short stories is about being a twenty-something in the 90s, trying to get by, have a little fun and make somewhat of a mark in the process. It’s about the process of growing up, and the seemingly desperate need to hold onto all those youthful pursuits. It’s about finding out that life as an adult tries to suck the life out of you, rather than allowing you to suck the life out of it. That constant struggle, the battle of wills between attending to your needs or just satisfying your wants. This is a time for you when your needs and wants are siblings, bickering in the back of the car on a long drive up the coast. The characters in these stories are having their good time while it lasts. Avoiding the inevitable: maturity, responsibility, adulthood. And so they should. After all, these aren’t called ‘the best years of our lives’ for nothing. The stories celebrate your life as a twenty-something.

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Hawryluk, Lynda J. "Semi-detached /." View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030916.102851/index.html.

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Zaccak, Gabriel (Gabriel Gabra). "Wrapster : semi-automatic wrapper generation for semi-structured websites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40537.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74).
Many information sources on the Web are semi-structured; hence there is an opportunity for automatic tools to process and extract their information for easy access through a uniform interface language. Wrapper generation is the creation of wrappers which contains scripts that extract and integrate data from data sources, mostly from Web data sources due to the large amount of data available on the World Wide Web. Despite ongoing efforts to automate the process of wrapper generation, wrappers frequently break due to formatting and layout changes in data sources. This thesis presents Wrapster, a new system that semi-automatically generates wrappers for semi-structured Web sources, improves wrapper robustness, and eliminates the need for programming skills and, to a large extent, the process of script creation. Wrapster's novel component is the repairing module that constantly checks if any wrapper script has failed and repairs the failing wrapper's script using stored extracted instances. In addition, Wrapster provides an interactive Web user interface to control the wrapper generation process, edit the generated wrappers, and test their scripts. Wrapster is being tested on the START Question Answering system; however, it is a generic tool to be used by any QA system that uses the Web as its knowledge base.
by Gabriel Zaccak.
S.M.

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Caldas, Miguel. "A separation axiom between semi-T° and semi-T1." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96144.

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The author introduces a new separation axiom and studies some of their basic properties. The implication of these new separation axiom among themselves and with the well known axioms semi-T2 semi-T1 and semi-T0 are obtained.

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Moussu, Carole. "Etude des propriétés holographiques des semi-conducteurs semi-magnetiques." Paris, ENST, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENST0021.

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Cette étude est réalisée dans le cadre de la recherche de nouveaux matériaux pour l'holographie en temps réel, technique à la base de nombreuses applications, notamment en traitement optique du signal et de l'image. L'holographie dynamique dans les semi-conducteurs semi-magnétiques est étudiée théoriquement (modèle analytique et numérique) et expérimentalement (mesures du rendement de diffraction dans cdmnte en mélange a quatre ondes (679 nm) en régime nanoseconde). Nous décrivons également le comportement du matériau en présence d'un champ électrique statique dans le but d'obtenir du couplage à deux ondes. Il ressort de cette étude que la durée de vie des réseaux d'indice inscrits dans cdmnte est de l'ordre de la microseconde, beaucoup plus longue que dans les semi-conducteurs classiques grâce au ralentissement de la diffusion des porteurs induit par le piégeage des électrons sur les sites des ions manganèse. Le mécanisme du a la concentration de trous dans la bande de valence est caractérise par une bonne sensibilité (s = 1,6. 10 6 m 2/j), de forts rendements de diffraction (18% pour 3,4 mj/cm 2) quasiment constants pour des angles d'écriture allant de 0 à 25 degrés, une variation d'indice linéaire en fonction de la fluence des faisceaux d'écriture ne saturant pas jusqu'à des valeurs probablement très supérieures a 6. 10 5 et un temps de réponse limite par la durée des impulsions d'écriture. L'effet photo réfractif induit par la répartition locale des porteurs pourra être néglige, la variation d'indice saturant très vite a 1,5. 10 6. En régime nanoseconde, les résultats expérimentaux concordent parfaitement avec les résultats théoriques. Ces matériaux sont envisageables pour toute application à l'holographie en temps réel ne nécessitant pas de transfert d'énergie : conjugaison de phase, corrélation, il est très probable que hymne présenterait les mêmes propriétés holographiques, ce qui permettrait d'envisager des applications du visible à l'infrarouge lointain.

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Books on the topic "Sem1"

Beguin, Juan Parrochia. Semi urbano y semi humano. Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Departamento de Urbanismo, 1989.

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Mas, Jordi. Sema. València: Tres i Quatre, 2010.

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Shraybman, Yekhiel. Semʹ let i semʹ mesi︠a︡t︠s︡ev: Roman. Kishinev: Ruxanda, 2003.

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Csaba, Sík. Sem kő, sem bronz, sem vászon. Budapest: Móra, 1985.

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Baen, Dan R. Semi-civilized savages and semi-savage civilians. Crockett, Tex: Publications Development Co., 1985.

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Semi-detached. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 2002.

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Semu hoegyeron. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Chose Tʻongnamsa, 1993.

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Lee, Sandra. Semi-homemade. New York, NY: Hyperion, 2002.

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Kljusev, Nikola. Neizrteno seme. Skopje: Matica makedonska, 1996.

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/, 19uu nor bzang. sems sgra. Pe cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sem1"

Pankow, Christiane. "Semiotics." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1198–208. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.sem1.

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Kussmaul, Paul. "Semantic models and translation." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 309–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.sem1.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "semi..., Semi..." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 499. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9279.

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"The nature of fair value." In The Routledge Companion to Fair Value and Financial Reporting. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415423564.sec1.

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"Water Allocation." In Water Policy. Spon Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203476741.sec1.

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Daniels, Stephen. "Allosteric Modulation of Receptor Function." In Allosteric Receptor Modulation in Drug Targeting, 1–18. Informa Healthcare, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420016185.sec1.

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Thai, Khi. "Global Environmental Issues and Policies." In Public Administration and Public Policy, 17–18. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420016932.sec1.

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Garner, Randy. "Psychology for Police Leadership." In Public Administration and Public Policy, 3–15. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420016987.sec1.

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"Public Administration History." In Public Administration and Public Policy, 1–2. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420016994.sec1.

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"Models and Modeling." In Kinetic Modeling of Reactions In Foods. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420017410.sec1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sem1"

"17 SEM1 Semiconductor Materials." In 2006 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2006.251836.

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Du, Yu, Yongkang Wong, Wenguang Jin, Wentao Wei, Yu Hu, Mohan Kankanhalli, and Weidong Geng. "Semi-Supervised Learning for Surface EMG-based Gesture Recognition." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/225.

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Conventionally, gesture recognition based on non-intrusive muscle-computer interfaces required a strongly-supervised learning algorithm and a large amount of labeled training signals of surface electromyography (sEMG). In this work, we show that temporal relationship of sEMG signals and data glove provides implicit supervisory signal for learning the gesture recognition model. To demonstrate this, we present a semi-supervised learning framework with a novel Siamese architecture for sEMG-based gesture recognition. Specifically, we employ auxiliary tasks to learn visual representation; predicting the temporal order of two consecutive sEMG frames; and, optionally, predicting the statistics of 3D hand pose with a sEMG frame. Experiments on the NinaPro, CapgMyo and csl-hdemg datasets validate the efficacy of our proposed approach, especially when the labeled samples are very scarce.

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Priesol, J., A. Satka, M. Borga, A. Minj, B. Bakeroot, and K. Geens. "Cross-sectional SEM-EBIC analysis of semi-vertical GaN power diodes." In 2022 14th International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Microsystems (ASDAM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asdam55965.2022.9966747.

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Lee, Hyung Woo, Soo Hyun Kim, Yoon Keun Kwak, and Chang Soo Han. "A New Method for a Single Semi-Conducting Nanotube Device." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61602.

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We report a new technology for the selective deposition of a semi-conducting single-walled carbon nanotube(SWNT) between two electrodes. This technology consists of two processes. First, to separate the most of metallic nanotubes from semi-conducting ones and align the nanotubes, we applied dc and ac voltage to the electrodes respectively. But, in spite of the separation of the metallic nanotubes from semi-conducting nanotubes, some of metallic nanotubes and semi-conducting nanotubes are still deposited together. The second process is to burn the metallic and semi-conducting nanotubes by applying the voltage between two electrodes which enable to obtain a single semi-conducting nanotube structure. We verified the trace of the burning by SEM images or AFM images, and checked the characteristic of semi-conducting nanotubes through the I-V characteristic graph.

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Varfolomeev, Igor. "Semi-supervised FIB-SEM image segmentation using GAN and cycle consistency loss." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.497.

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Lin, Youzuo, Yudhishthir Kandel, Matthew Zotta, and Eric Lifshin. "SEM resolution improvement using semi-blind restoration with hybrid L1-L2 regularization." In 2016 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation (SSIAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssiai.2016.7459168.

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Shuttleworth, David M., and Mary Drummond Roby. "Scanning Electron Microscope Induced Electrical Breakdown of Tungsten Windows in Integrated Circuit Processing." In ISTFA 2004. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2004p0236.

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Abstract Interaction of inline SEM inspections with tungsten window-1 integrity were investigated. Multiple SEMs were utilized and various points in the processing were inspected. It was found that in certain circumstances inline SEM inspection induced increased window-1 contact resistance in both source/drain and gate contacts, up to and including electrical opens for the source/drain contacts.

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Park, Seongsik, Il Hong Suh, and Wan Kyun Chung. "Dynamic motion phase segmentation using sEMG during countermovement jump based on hidden semi-Markov model." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2015.7139382.

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Zirkle, Thomas E., Nam S. Kang, Dieter K. Schroder, and Ronald J. Roedel. "Comparison of electrical and optical characterization in Cu-gettered, semi-insulating GaAs." In Semi - DL tentative, edited by Harold G. Craighead and J. M. Gibson. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20797.

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Jayachandran, M., V. K. Venkatesan, T. Mahalingam, and V. Vinni. "X-ray and scanning electron microscope studies on electrodeposited ZnCdS semiconductor alloys." In Semi - DL tentative, edited by Harold G. Craighead and J. M. Gibson. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20798.

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Reports on the topic "Sem1"

Grimm, Kevin. Structural Equation Modeling 1: Foundations & Programs. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/8eni7h9r63sa3469.

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'Structural Equation Modeling I: Foundations & Programs' is an on-demand workshop led by professor Kevin Grimm, providing a comprehensive review of covariance analysis, regression, covariance expectations, path diagrams, SEM notation, and SEM programs. Participants will gain a solid understanding of SEM and be prepared to specify, estimate, and interpret SEMs. An official Instats certificate of completion and 1 ECTS Equivalent point are provided at the conclusion of the seminar

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Zyphur, Michael. Intermediate SEM in Stata: From CFA to SEM. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/9qo0ssbbzp4nl469.

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This seminar introduces the Stata ‘sem’ latent variable modeling framework and explores measurement models including bi-factor and hierarchical factor models and scale reliability in CFA, as well as SEMs with latent variable interactions (moderation), indirect effects (mediation), latent conditional indirect effects (moderated mediation), and latent instrumental variable methods in an SEM framework (IV-SEM). An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, each seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent points.

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Zyphur, Michael. From CFA to SEM with Moderated Mediation in R. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/75sjvfs0ve1d4469.

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This seminar introduces the Lavaan latent variable modeling framework and explores measurement models including bi-factor and hierarchical factor models and scale reliability in CFA, as well as SEMs with latent variable interactions (moderation), indirect effects (mediation), latent conditional indirect effects (moderated mediation), and latent instrumental variable methods in an SEM framework (IV-SEM). An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent point.

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Zyphur, Michael. From CFA to SEM with Moderated Mediation in Mplus. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/a6tru90pc9miu469.

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This seminar introduces the Mplus latent variable modeling framework and explores measurement models including bi-factor and hierarchical factor models and scale reliability in CFA, as well as SEMs with latent variable interactions (moderation), indirect effects (mediation), latent conditional indirect effects (moderated mediation), and latent instrumental variable methods in an SEM framework (IV-SEM). An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers 2 ECTS Equivalent point.

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Zyphur, Michael. From CFA to SEM with Moderated Mediation in R (Free On-Demand Seminar). Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/xria1if8u3nip469.

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Grimm, Kevin. Structural Equation Modeling 2: Path Analysis & CFA. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/mcwks6h8ypzib469.

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The 'Structural Equation Modeling 2: Path Analysis & CFA' seminar, led by Kevin Grimm, offers a comprehensive understanding of SEM, a crucial tool in academic research for testing complex relationships between variables. Participants will gain proficiency in using Mplus, lavaan, and LISREL, and will leave with the ability to specify and estimated SEMs with their own data, interpret and report SEM results, and handle complex statistical analyses. An official Instats certificate of completion and 2 ECTS Equivalent points are provided at the conclusion of the seminar

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Zhang, Zhen. From CFA to SEM with Moderated Mediation in Mplus. Instats Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/e6lwwzg27rqsr469.

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Lestone, John Paul. Semi-classical Electrodynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234497.

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Hu, Hui. Semi-Infinite Programming. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207403.

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Squires, Michael E. Semi-annual listing:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6515.

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