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1
Heath, Victoria Lowdon. "Multifactorial mechanisms of immunological self tolerance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389012.
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Mallaun, Michel. "Proximal TCR signaling in self tolerance /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8729.
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Ferry, Helen. "B cell tolerance to systemic, intracellular self-antigen." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442947.
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Pierce, Evelyn Tumlin. "Self-adjusting quorum systems for Byzantine fault tolerance /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004357.
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Hewitt, Christopher J. "Depression, emotion and frustration tolerance in adolescent deliberate self-harm." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26603.
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Adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) constitutes an important and growing problem for health and welfare services (Harrington & Dyer, 1993). Rates of DSH in 15-24 year olds in the UK between 1989-1992 were among the highest in Europe (WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide). As well as being at a high risk of making a successful suicide attempt, around 15-20% of those admitted to a general hospital following self-harm repeat DSH within a year of the event and approximately 50% have a history of previous DSH (Kreitman & Foster, 1991). Various psychological factors have been reported to be significant in the assessment of the seriousness and/or repetition of DSH. These have included depression, hopelessness, impulsiveness, premeditation, impulsivity, problem duration, problem solving and anger. Hawton et al (1999) found that adolescents with a history of previous overdoses differed from non-repeaters on a number of these factors, although these differences largely disappeared when the level of depression was controlled for. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) has been used extensively in the treatment of self-harming behaviours. The theory holds that due to a complex interaction of environmental, physiological and familial factors, individuals who engage in DSH may have failed to learn how to tolerate or identify emotional states or feelings of frustration and distress. This theory, however, has not been empirically validated. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the role of emotions and the ability to tolerate feelings of distress and frustration amongst adolescents who have selfharmed. The project also aims to investigate whether these factors may be potential moderators in the repetition of DSH, after the level of depression has been controlled for. This study recruited 45 patients aged between 16-21 years of age who had been admitted to hospital following a deliberate drug overdose. They completed questionnaires measuring depression, their experience of various emotions and distress/frustration tolerance. An age matched, non-self-harming general clinical comparison group was recruited and assessed using the same measures. Interrelationships amongst these factors were examined both between the DSH and non-DSH group, and between first episode DSH and repeat DSH. Results of these comparisons shall be given and discussed with reference to clinical implications.
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Zajac, Piotr. "Fault tolerance through self-configuration in the future nanoscale multiprocessors." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340508.
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Cette thèse est une contribution au niveau architectural à l'amélioration de la tolérance aux fautes dans les puces multi-coeurs massivement défectueuses fabriquées à partir de transistors nanométriques. L'idée principale de ce travail est qu'une puce devrait être organisée en une architecture réplicative et devenir aussi autonome que possible pour augmenter sa résilience contre les défauts permanents et les erreurs transitoires apparaissant en opération. C'est pourquoi nous introduisons une nouvelle méthodologie d'autoconfiguration de la puce qui permet de détecter et isoler les coeurs défectueux, de désactiver les coeurs isolés, de configurer les communications et de diriger l'allocation et l'exécution des tâches. L'efficacité des méthodes est étudiée en fonction de la fraction de coeurs ou d'interconnections défectueux et du taux d'erreurs transitoires.
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Holtmann, Emma. "Zero tolerance and its women : representations of self and nation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3583.
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Slabbert, Ashley Leonie. "The Role of Distress Tolerance in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84305.
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Ashley’s PhD explored how an individual’s ability to tolerate distress may be related to their engagement in non-suicidal self-injury. Ashley’s PhD employed a range of experimental and self-report study designs, and involved the modification of a novel approach to assessing behavioural distress tolerance. The findings of this doctoral project suggest that perhaps one’s belief in their ability to tolerate distress is important, but separate to, their actual capacity to tolerate distress, and that self-perception may be more important in understanding non-suicidal self-injury.
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Smith, Janice Wendy. "Involvement of dihydropyridine-sensitive sites in ethanol tolerance and self-administration." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245366.
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Leung, Janson. "CD4 T cell tolerance and autoimmunity towards rare and sequestered self-antigens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437182.
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Ward, Amie S. (Amie Sue). "Characterization of Tolerance and Cross-tolerance between Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists in Rats Trained to Self-administer Ketamine." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278135/.
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Ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are noncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of ligand-gated glutamate receptors. Both agents have high abuse liability, and may produce dependence. Tolerance to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse is widely regarded as a key component of the dependence process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whether tolerance develops to the reinforcing effects of ketamine, and whether PCP and dizocilpine, a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with negligible abuse liability, produce cross-tolerance to the reinforcing effects of ketamine. Further, identification of the neural mechanisms that underlie tolerance to the reinforcing effects of drugs may yield information regarding drug dependence.
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Demirbas, Murat. "Scalable design of fault-tolerance for wireless sensor networks." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091466471.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 150 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-150). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Schuster, Pamela McHugh. "The relationships between adherence to cardiac rehabilitation, self-efficacy, anxiety and activity tolerance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054845180.
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Winnewisser, Julia [Verfasser], and Ludger [Akademischer Betreuer] Klein. "Central tolerance induction to the self-antigen PLP / Julia Winnewisser ; Betreuer: Ludger Klein." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/112092362X/34.
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Vega, Nicole M. "Induction of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria by self-produced and inter-species signaling." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12869.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThough most bacteria within a population are killed by high concentrations of antibiotics, tolerant bacteria survive and can re-grow once antibiotics are removed. Bacterial persisters are dormant cells within an isogenic bacterial population that are tolerant to antibiotic treatment and have been implicated in chronic and recurrent infections. Tolerant and persistent bacteria are generated heterogeneously within populations, and a complete understanding of the processes by which these cells are formed remains elusive. However, there is increasing evidence that bacterial communication by chemical signaling plays a role in establishing population heterogeneity. Here I show that bacterial communication induces persistence in Escherichia coli using the self-produced signaling molecule indole. Indole-induced persister formation was monitored using microfluidics, and oxidative stress and phage-shock pathways were determined to play a role in this phenomenon. I propose a model in which indole signaling "inoculates" a bacterial sub-population against antibiotics by activating stress responses, leading to persister formation. Having demonstrated that communication using the signaling molecule indole controls persistence in the intestinal bacterium E. coli, I sought to determine whether indole could be used as an interspecies signal to control antibiotic tolerance in mixed microbial communities. The common bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium was chosen for these experiments because this species, though closely related to E. coli, does not produce indole. The results demonstrated that indole signaling by E. coli induces tolerance to antibiotics in S. typhimurium. Further, the data suggest that indole-induced tolerance in S. typhimurium is mediated at least in part by the phage shock and oxidative stress response pathways, which were previously implicated in control of indole-induced persistence in E. coli. I used C. elegans as a simple in vivo model for gastrointestinal infection with S. typhimurium, demonstrating that indole signaling increased Salmonella tolerance and altered heterogeneity of infection in this system. These results suggest that antibiotic tolerance in pathogens may be induced by interception of bacterial signals in the host environment.
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Thomason, Arthur Hugh. "Increasing the CO tolerance of PEM fuel cells via current pulsing and self-oxidation." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/260.
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An investigation was conducted to determine and compare the effect of cell current pulsing and "self-oxidation" in increasing the CO tolerance of a PEM fuel cell. The most effective pulsing parameter values were also determined. Current pulsing involves periodically demanding positive current pulses from the fuel cell to create an anode over-potential, while "self-oxidation" or sustained potential oscillations is achieved when the anode catalyst becomes so saturated with CO that the anode over-potential increases to a value at which CO is oxidized from the catalyst surface. The CO tolerance of a fuel cell system with a Pt-Ru anode was tested using 50 and 496 ppm CO in the anode fuel. The performance of the system declined with an increase in CO concentration. Current pulses of various amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle were applied to the cell while CO was present in the anode fuel. With 50 ppm CO in the anode fuel, the most effective pulse in increasing CO tolerance while maintaining normal cell operation was 1.0 A/cm2, 0.25 Hz, and a 5% duty cycle. A pulse (120 Hz, 50% duty cycle) similar to the ripple current often generated when converting DC to single-phase 60 Hz AC had a positive effect on the CO tolerance of the system, but at frequencies that high, the pulse duration was not long enough to completely oxidize the CO from the catalyst surface. With 496 ppm CO in the anode fuel, a pulse of 1.0 A/cm2, 0.5 Hz, and a 20% duty cycle proved most effective.
When the cell was exposed to 496 ppm CO, without employing pulsing, "self-oxidation" occurred and CO was periodically oxidized from the catalyst surface. However, pulsing allowed the cell to operate at the desired voltage and power a higher percentage of the time than "self-oxidation"; hence, pulsing was more effective.
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McQuay, Amy Brook. "The Role of Sialic Acid Acetylesterase in the Maintenance of B Cell Self Tolerance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463957.
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Abstract
Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) removes 9-O-acetyl moieties from acetylated sialic acids. The B cell receptor (BCR) inhibitory receptor CD22 cannot bind 9-O-acetylated α2-6-linked sialic acid-containing ligands. Therefore, the removal of these moieties by SIAE is important for inhibition of signaling through the BCR by CD22. Previous studies on Siae-deficient mice revealed a role for SIAE in the maintenance of B cell tolerance.
Deep sequencing of the SIAE exons in patients from several autoimmune cohorts revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Fluorometric enzymatic assays revealed that about half of these encode catalytically dead proteins while others have reduced activity. Coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that mutant SIAE associates with wildtype SIAE in a multimer and acts in a dominant-interfering manner to decrease activity of the wildtype protein. We used monoclonal antibodies against different human SIAE epitopes in quantitative western blotting assays to assess whether variant-encoded SIAE proteins are misfolded and if activity and folding correlate. We found that most catalytically dead, disease-associated variants of SIAE are partially misfolded. Circular Dichroism studies were used to further investigate misfolding of mutant SIAE. Preliminary CD data indicate that mutant SIAE proteins are partially misfolded but retain significant structural integrity. These data are consistent with the finding that mutant SIAE proteins are able to multimerize with wildtype SIAE. We used FPLC to investigate the oligomeric structure of SIAE and found that SIAE exists as a dimer.
We compared the results of the enzymatic assays of SIAE variants to the predictions generated by three commonly used algorithms; Polyphen-2, SIFT, and Provean. We found that the predictions of the algorithms were erroneous for between 11% (PolyPhen-2) and 28% (SIFT) of SIAE variants erroneous predictions for a given variant were often made by more than one algorithm, pointing to a need for non-computational predictive methods for the investigation of the effects of SNPs.Medical Sciences
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McCoy, Katrina. "Thresholds and tolerance of physical pain among young adults who engage in self-injury." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5917.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 59 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).
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Schroder, Paul. "Targeting Signal 1 of T cell Activation to Restore Self Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1381086555.
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Realpe, Robalino Miguel Andres. "Fault Tolerant Perception for Urban Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365655.
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Road driving environments are complex, unstructured and highly changeable. A safe driving is, thus, becoming quite challenging task, in particular from the view point of development and deployment of autonomous vehicles-based urban transport systems. And, in that context, the reliable perception appears as a one of the main enabling strategies in developing safe autonomous driving.
Currently, many autonomous vehicles are being tested on public roads with the objective of demonstrating the capability of operating in real world situations. A big effort has been focused towards creating fault-free autonomous vehicles. Nevertheless, fault tolerant perception for autonomous vehicles still needs to be further developed in order to create autonomous vehicles capable of driving under real road traffic conditions since on-board vehicle sensors may fail due to bad calibration, erroneous readings, physical or electrical failures, etc.
A multi-sensor based vehicle architecture is a logical response to this issue. While the multi- sensor concept often relates to the strategy of using a variety of sensor types, this research has been focused on to the case when all sensors are vision sensors, either identical or different from each other.
This thesis proposes a Fault Tolerant Perception paradigm that deals with possible sensor faults by defining the Federated Data Fusion Architecture designed to detect a faulty sensor and reduce its impact on to the safe autonomous driving. The proposed architecture minimises the influence of faulty data allowing the system to enter in a tolerated error state, where a recovery action can be performed to avoid failures. The developed architecture was then adapted towards meeting requirements of the KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the developed fault tolerant perception paradigm to successfully detect early faulty data from a singular sensor and to minimise the influence of that faulty sensor in the fusion process.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Phan, Tri Giang. "The SWHEL model for studying B cell responses in tolerance and immunity." University of Sydney. Medicine, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/626.
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Classical immunoglobulin transgenic (Ig-Tg) mouse models such as the MD4 anti-hen egg lysozyme (-HEL) Ig-Tg line have been used extensively to study B cell responses in tolerance and immunity. This thesis describes a new generation of gene-targeted mice (designated SWHEL mice) whereby the VH10 Ig variable gene encoding the HyHEL-10 specificity of the original anti-HEL Ig-Tg mouse was targeted to the Ig heavy chain locus. B cells in the SWHEL mouse are therefore capable of undergoing class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), representing a major advance on the original MD4 mouse model. SWHEL mice were found to not only contain a large population of HEL-specific (HEL+) B cells but also a significant population of non-HEL-binding (HEL-) B cells generated by VH gene replacement. HEL+ SWHEL B cells were found to belong to the B2 lineage and displayed high levels of surface IgM. Nevertheless, they matured normally and colonised the primary B cell follicle and marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen. The SWHEL model thus provided an opportunity to re-examine some of the original observations made in the MD4 system and also to extend these observations, particularly with regard to the regulation of CSR by self-reactive B cells. As expected, analysis of SWHEL B cells exposed to high avidity membrane-bound HEL revealed that they underwent clonal deletion in the bone marrow (BM). More interestingly, analysis of HEL+ B cells exposed to low avidity soluble HEL revealed that they were able to emigrate from the BM to the spleen as anergic B cells. However, unlike anergic MD4 B cells, anergic SWHEL B cells were reduced in frequency, displayed an immature B cell phenotype, were excluded from the follicle and had a reduced lifespan. Direct measurement of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) occupancy by HEL and the frequency of HEL- competitor B cells was combined with mixed BM irradiation chimeras to demonstrate unequivocally that the difference in phenotype and fate of HEL+ B cells in the two systems was due solely to competition from HEL- B cells. In addition, the SWHEL model of B cell self-tolerance was used to show that while self-reactive B cells were hypo-responsive to BCR stimulation, BCR-independent signals delivered via anti-CD40 plus IL-4 or lipopolysaccharide could trigger them to undergo CSR and secretion of potentially pathogenic isotype-switched autoantibodies. Finally, the SWHEL model was used to study the responses of adoptively transferred follicular (Fo) and MZ B cells to in vivo activation with HEL conjugated to sheep red blood cells (HEL-SRBC). These studies revealed that both HEL+ MZ and Fo B cells were capable of mounting a robust T cell-dependent IgG1 antibody response to HEL-SRBC. However, HEL+ MZ B cells did not efficiently localise to the T cell-B cell border following antigen engagement and preferentially migrated to the bridging channels and red pulp. In contrast, HEL+ Fo B cells rapidly localised to the T cell-B cell border and subsequently colonised numerous germinal centres. As a result, the rate and pattern of SHM by HEL+ Fo and MZ B cells was shown to be distinct, with preferential targeting of mutations to the second complementarity-determining region in the former and to the second framework region in the latter. Together these data indicate illustrate the value of the SWHEL model and its potential to greatly advance the current understanding of B cell responses in tolerance and immunity.
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Phan, Tri Giang. "The SWHEL model for studying B cell responses in tolerance and immunity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/626.
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Classical immunoglobulin transgenic (Ig-Tg) mouse models such as the MD4 anti-hen egg lysozyme (-HEL) Ig-Tg line have been used extensively to study B cell responses in tolerance and immunity. This thesis describes a new generation of gene-targeted mice (designated SWHEL mice) whereby the VH10 Ig variable gene encoding the HyHEL-10 specificity of the original anti-HEL Ig-Tg mouse was targeted to the Ig heavy chain locus. B cells in the SWHEL mouse are therefore capable of undergoing class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), representing a major advance on the original MD4 mouse model. SWHEL mice were found to not only contain a large population of HEL-specific (HEL+) B cells but also a significant population of non-HEL-binding (HEL-) B cells generated by VH gene replacement. HEL+ SWHEL B cells were found to belong to the B2 lineage and displayed high levels of surface IgM. Nevertheless, they matured normally and colonised the primary B cell follicle and marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen. The SWHEL model thus provided an opportunity to re-examine some of the original observations made in the MD4 system and also to extend these observations, particularly with regard to the regulation of CSR by self-reactive B cells. As expected, analysis of SWHEL B cells exposed to high avidity membrane-bound HEL revealed that they underwent clonal deletion in the bone marrow (BM). More interestingly, analysis of HEL+ B cells exposed to low avidity soluble HEL revealed that they were able to emigrate from the BM to the spleen as anergic B cells. However, unlike anergic MD4 B cells, anergic SWHEL B cells were reduced in frequency, displayed an immature B cell phenotype, were excluded from the follicle and had a reduced lifespan. Direct measurement of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) occupancy by HEL and the frequency of HEL- competitor B cells was combined with mixed BM irradiation chimeras to demonstrate unequivocally that the difference in phenotype and fate of HEL+ B cells in the two systems was due solely to competition from HEL- B cells. In addition, the SWHEL model of B cell self-tolerance was used to show that while self-reactive B cells were hypo-responsive to BCR stimulation, BCR-independent signals delivered via anti-CD40 plus IL-4 or lipopolysaccharide could trigger them to undergo CSR and secretion of potentially pathogenic isotype-switched autoantibodies. Finally, the SWHEL model was used to study the responses of adoptively transferred follicular (Fo) and MZ B cells to in vivo activation with HEL conjugated to sheep red blood cells (HEL-SRBC). These studies revealed that both HEL+ MZ and Fo B cells were capable of mounting a robust T cell-dependent IgG1 antibody response to HEL-SRBC. However, HEL+ MZ B cells did not efficiently localise to the T cell-B cell border following antigen engagement and preferentially migrated to the bridging channels and red pulp. In contrast, HEL+ Fo B cells rapidly localised to the T cell-B cell border and subsequently colonised numerous germinal centres. As a result, the rate and pattern of SHM by HEL+ Fo and MZ B cells was shown to be distinct, with preferential targeting of mutations to the second complementarity-determining region in the former and to the second framework region in the latter. Together these data indicate illustrate the value of the SWHEL model and its potential to greatly advance the current understanding of B cell responses in tolerance and immunity.
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Boat, Ruth. "The role of self-control in athletic performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23326.
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This thesis is presented as a collection of four studies in which the role of self-control in athletic performance is examined. Considerable evidence has documented the beneficial effects of trait self-control and robust self-confidence on a wide range of behaviours. However, the relationships between these constructs have yet to be specifically explored within the sport domain. As well as exploring the trait perspective of self-control, research has employed self-control manipulations and laboratory performance to examine state self-control. The completion of tasks requiring self-control have led to impaired performance on physical tasks, also requiring self-control. But it remains unclear whether previous exertion of self-control impairs subsequent performance when self-regulation is potentially automatic, and if any observed effects are variable over different stages of performance. Building on this work, glucose supplementation, and the duration of self-control effort have been proposed as potential moderators that may influence performance effects, yet controversy exists surrounding glucose consumption, and task duration has not been appropriately considered. Furthermore, the identification of explanatory mechanisms for performance decrements following self-control use is of theoretical significance. In particular, research is yet to explore whether an individual s perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task. The current thesis aims to address these limitations of the extant literature. Study One examined whether an individual s general ability to exert self-control might be an important mechanistic variable that explains the relationship between robust self-confidence and athletic performance. Following an examination of trait self-control, an exploration of state self-control was deemed more relevant to situational performance. Therefore, Study Two and Three utilised a sequential-task paradigm to examine whether exerting self-control impairs subsequent endurance performance in well-trained individuals, and whether any observed effects are variable over different stages of endurance performance. Study Two and Three also examined moderators of the depletion effect. In particular, the potential for glucose supplementation (Study Two), and duration of self-control effort (Study Three), to attenuate any decrements in performance due to initial self-control exertion were explored. Following the investigation of moderators, Study Four examined whether performance decrements can be explained by an individual s perceptions of pain. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that trait self-control represents a potentially important mechanism by which athlete s with strong robust self-confidence progress and perform successfully. Furthermore, prior exertion of self-control impairs subsequent self-regulatory efforts during well-practiced endurance performance, but these effects are variable over different stages of performance. In addition, extended self-control effort may lead to the conservation of self-control, whilst glucose supplementation does not moderate self-control ability. Finally, perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task.
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Pittari, Gianfranco. "NK Cell Tolerance of Self-Specific Apecific Activating Receptor KIR2DS1 in Individuals with Cognate HLA-C2 Ligand." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T043.
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Les cellules tueuses naturelles (NK) sont régulées par des récepteurs activateurs et inhibiteurs. La plupart des récepteurs inhibiteurs reconnaisse des molécules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité (CMH) de classe I, et protège les cellules saines des phénomènes d'auto-immunité médiés par les cellules NK. Cependant, certains récepteurs activateurs, incluant le récepteur killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DS1, reconnaissent aussi des ligands CMH de classe I. Cela pose la question de savoir comment les cellules NK qui expriment des récepteurs activateurs deviennent tolérantes au soi. Nous avons cherché à déterminer si la présence de HLA-C2, le ligand du récepteurs 2DS1, peut induire les cellules NK qui expriment le 2DS1 à développer un état de tolérance au soi. Indépendamment de la présence ou de l'absence du ligand HLA-C2 dans le donneur, une activité anti-HLA-C2 a été identifiée in vitro dans certains clones NK 2DS1-positifs. La fréquence des clones NK avec réactivité anti-HLA-C2 était élevée parmi les donneurs homozygotes pour HLA-C1. De façon étonnante, nous n'avons pas constaté de différence statistiquement significative dans la fréquence de cytotoxicité anti-HLA-C2 entre les donneurs HLA-C2 hétérozygotes et les donneurs sans ligand HLA-C2. Par contre, les donneurs HLA-C2 homozygotes montrent une fréquence réduite de clones NK avec réactivité anti-HLA-C2 par rapport aux autres donneurs. Clones 2DS1-positifs qui co-expriment des KIR inhibiteurs spécifiques des molécules HLA de classe I du soi n’étaient pas communément cytotoxiques, et la cytotoxicité anti-HLA-C2 était limité presque exclusivement à des clones positifs seulement pour 2DS1 (« single positive » 2DS1 clones). Nous avons aussi identifié des clones 2DS1 « single positive » avec réactivité anti-HLA-C2 dans des patients recevant une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques à partir de donneurs 2DS1. Ces résultats montrent que plusieurs cellules NK avec réactivité anti-HLA-C2 sont présentes dans des donneurs 2DS1 soit hétérozygotes soit homozygotes pour HLA-C1. En revanche, les clones 2DS1-positifs obtenus par des donneurs homozygotes pour HLA-C2 sont fréquemment tolérants aux antigènes HLA-C2NK cells are regulated by inhibiting and activating cell surface receptors. Most inhibitory receptors recognize MHC-class I antigens, and protect healthy cells from NK cell-mediated auto-aggression. However, certain activating receptors, including the human killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DS1, also recognize MHC-class I. This raises the question of how NK cells expressing such activating receptors are tolerized to host tissues. We investigated whether the presence of HLA-C2, the cognate ligand for 2DS1, induces tolerance in 2DS1-expressing NK cells. Anti-HLA-C2 activity could be detected in vitro in some 2DS1 positive NK clones irrespective of presence or absence of HLA-C2 ligand in the donor. The frequency of anti-HLA-C2 reactivity was high in donors homozygous for HLA-C1. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in frequency of anti-HLA-C2 cytotoxicity in donors heterozygous for HLA-C2 and donors without HLA-C2 ligand. However, donors homozygous for HLA-C2 had significantly reduced frequency of anti-HLA-C2 reactive clones as compared to all other donors. 2DS1 positive clones that express inhibitory KIR for self-HLA class I were commonly non-cytotoxic, and anti-HLA-C2 cytotoxicity was nearly exclusively restricted to 2DS1 single positive clones lacking inhibitory KIR. 2DS1 single positive NK clones with anti-HLA-C2 reactivity were also present post-transplantation in HLA-C2 positive recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants from 2DS1 positive donors. These results demonstrate that many NK cells with anti-HLA-C2 reactivity are present in HLA-C1 homozygous and heterozygous donors with 2DS1. In contrast, 2DS1 positive clones from HLA-C2 homozygous donors are frequently tolerant to HLA-C2
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McDermott, Mary T. "The Voice of Perseverance: The Self-Perceptions of African America High School Males with the Zero Tolerance Policy." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1504990520881788.
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Sommers, Brittany Kay. "A Model of Distress Tolerance in Self-Damaging Behaviors| Examining the Role of Emotional Reactivity and Learned Helplessness." Thesis, Andrews University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10604195.
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Problem: Although the literature is clear that low emotional distress tolerance is associated with a myriad of self-damaging behaviors, very little is known about individual difference factors in distress tolerance. Both theoretical and empirical support suggest that emotional reactivity and learned helplessness may be individual difference factors in distress tolerance. Specifically, individuals with high emotional reactivity and high learned helplessness may be at risk for low distress tolerance. Further research was needed to clarify the role of emotional reactivity and learned helplessness in distress tolerance in the context of self-damaging behaviors.
Method: Participants completed surveys which measured their (a) emotional reactivity, (b) learned helplessness, (c) distress tolerance, (d) two-week frequency of self-damaging behaviors, and (e) lifetime frequency of self-damaging behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used to test two models for the role of emotional reactivity and learned helplessness in distress tolerance. The first model was in the context of two-week frequency of self-damaging behaviors and the second model was in the context of lifetime frequency of self-damaging behaviors.
Results: Structural equation modeling indicated that the original models were a poor fit for the data. So, both models were revised on the basis of theory and modification indices. The revised models revealed that emotional reactivity and learned helplessness had negative direct effects on distress tolerance. Together, emotional reactivity and learned helplessness explained 70% of the observed variance in distress tolerance. Distress tolerance had a negative direct effect on two-week frequency of self-damaging behaviors, explaining 7% of the observed variance. Distress tolerance had a negative direct effect and depression had a positive direct effect on lifetime frequency of self-damaging behaviors, together explaining 36% of the observed variance.
Conclusions: This study confirmed emotional reactivity and learned helplessness as important individual difference factors in emotional distress tolerance. It suggests that high emotional reactivity and high learned helplessness contribute to low distress tolerance. This study also demonstrated that distress tolerance explains a small amount of variance in two-week frequency of self-damaging behaviors. Whereas, distress tolerance together with depression explains a larger amount of variance in lifetime frequency of self-damaging behaviors. These results have implications for researchers studying distress tolerance and self-damaging behaviors, clinicians treating clients with difficulty managing distress or with self-damaging behaviors, and individuals developing preventative initiatives to reduce the development of self-damaging behaviors. In particular, this study suggests that emotional reactivity may be an important target of clinical intervention and preventative education.
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Dasgupta, Anurag. "Extensions and refinements of stabilization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/351.
Full textAbstract:
Self-stabilizing system is a concept of fault-tolerance in distributed computing. A distributed algorithm is self-stabilizing if, starting from an arbitrary state, it is guaranteed to converge to a legal state in a finite number of states and remains in a legal set of states thereafter. The property of self-stabilization enables a distributed algorithm to recover from a transient fault regardless of its objective. Moreover, a self-stabilizing algorithm does not have to be initialized as it eventually starts to behave correctly.
In this thesis, we focus on extensions and refinements of self-stabilization by studying two non-traditional aspects of self-stabilization.
In traditional self-stabilizing distributed systems [13], the inherent assumption is that all processes run predefined programs mandated by an external agency which is the owner or the administrator of the entire system. The model works fine for solving problems when processes cooperate with one another, with a global goal. In modern times it is quite common to have a distributed system spanning over multiple administrative domains, and processes have selfish motives to optimize their own pay- off. Maximizing individual payoffs under the umbrella of stabilization characterizes the notion of selfish stabilization .
We investigate the impact of selfishness on the existence and the complexity of stabilizing solutions to specific problems in this thesis. Our model of selfishness centers on a graph where the set of nodes is divided into subsets of distinct colors, each having their own unique perception of the edge costs. We study the problems of constructing a rooted shortest path tree and a maximum flow tree on this model, and demonstrate that when processes are selfish, there is no guarantee that a solution will exist. We demonstrate that the complexity of determining the existence of a stabilizing solution is NP-complete, carefully characterize a fraction of such cases, and propose the construction of stabilizing solutions wherever such solutions are feasible.
Fault containment and system availability are important issues in today's distributed systems. In this thesis, we show how fault-containment can be added to weakly stabilizing distributed systems. We present solutions using a randomized scheduler, and illustrate techniques to bias the random schedules so that the system recovers from all single faults in a time independent of the size of the system, and the effect of the failure is contained within constant distance from the faulty node with high probability (this probability can be controlled by a user defined tuning parameter). Using this technique, we solve two problems: one is the persistent-bit problem, and the other is the leader election problem.
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Kimmitt, Jonathan R. R. "A type-safe apparatus executing higher order functions in conjunction with hardware error tolerance." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2015. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/581958/1/Kimmitt%20thesis_web.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing commoditization of computers in modern society has exceeded the
pace of associated developments in reliability. Although theoretical computer science
has advanced greatly in the last thirty years, many of the best techniques have yet to
find their way into embedded computers, and their failure can have a great potential
for disrupting society.
This dissertation presents some approaches to improve computer reliability using
software and hardware techniques, and makes the following claims for novelty: innovative
development of a toolchain and libraries to support extraction from dependent type
checking in a theorem prover; conceptual design and deployment in reconfigurable
hardware; an extension of static type-safety to hardware description language and
FPGA level; elimination of legacy C code from the target and toolchain; a novel
hardware error detection scheme is described and compared with conventional triple
modular redundancy. The elimination of any user control of memory management
promotes robustness against buffer overruns, and consequently prevents vulnerability
to common Trojan techniques.
The methodology identifies type punning as a key weakness of commonly encountered
embedded languages such as C, in particular the extreme difficulty of determining if
an array access is in bounds, or if dynamic memory has been properly allocated and
released. A method of eliminating dependence on type-unsafe libraries is presented, in
conjunction with code that has optionally been proved correct according to user-defined
criteria. An appropriately defined subset of OCaml is chosen with support for the Coq
theorem prover in mind, and then evaluated with a custom backend that supports
behavioural Verilog, as well as a fixed execution unit and associated control store.
Results are presented for this alternative platform for reliable embedded systems
development that may be used in future industrial flows.
To provide assurance of correct operation, the proven software needs to be executed in
an environment where errors are checked and corrected in conjunction with appropriate
exception processing in the event of an uncorrectable error. Therefore, the present
author’s previously published error detection scheme based on dual-rail logic and
self-checking checkers is further developed and compared with traditional N-modular
redundancy.
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Kimmitt, Jonathan R. R. "A type-safe apparatus executing higher order functions in conjunction with hardware error tolerance." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2015. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/581958/.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing commoditization of computers in modern society has exceeded the pace of associated developments in reliability. Although theoretical computer science has advanced greatly in the last thirty years, many of the best techniques have yet to find their way into embedded computers, and their failure can have a great potential for disrupting society. This dissertation presents some approaches to improve computer reliability using software and hardware techniques, and makes the following claims for novelty: innovative development of a toolchain and libraries to support extraction from dependent type checking in a theorem prover; conceptual design and deployment in reconfigurable hardware; an extension of static type-safety to hardware description language and FPGA level; elimination of legacy C code from the target and toolchain; a novel hardware error detection scheme is described and compared with conventional triple modular redundancy. The elimination of any user control of memory management promotes robustness against buffer overruns, and consequently prevents vulnerability to common Trojan techniques. The methodology identifies type punning as a key weakness of commonly encountered embedded languages such as C, in particular the extreme difficulty of determining if an array access is in bounds, or if dynamic memory has been properly allocated and released. A method of eliminating dependence on type-unsafe libraries is presented, in conjunction with code that has optionally been proved correct according to user-defined criteria. An appropriately defined subset of OCaml is chosen with support for the Coq theorem prover in mind, and then evaluated with a custom backend that supports behavioural Verilog, as well as a fixed execution unit and associated control store. Results are presented for this alternative platform for reliable embedded systems development that may be used in future industrial flows. To provide assurance of correct operation, the proven software needs to be executed in an environment where errors are checked and corrected in conjunction with appropriate exception processing in the event of an uncorrectable error. Therefore, the present author’s previously published error detection scheme based on dual-rail logic and self-checking checkers is further developed and compared with traditional N-modular redundancy.
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Carlier, Mauraine. "Profiling individuals for pleasurable physical exercise : the neuropsychology of tolerance of exercise intensity." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30039/document.
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Les ressentis affectifs lors d’un exercice physique ont été révélés comme prédicteurs de l’engagement dans une pratique régulière (Mohiyeddini, Pauli, & Bauer, 2009). Toutefois, alors que certains ont la possibilité d’expérimenter positivement une séance, d’autres ne le sont pas (Van Landuyt, Ekkekakis, Hall , & Petruzzello, 2000). Une des explications avancées par la théorie du double mode (Ekkekakis, 2003) est que les différences observées entre les individus sont dues à l'interaction existante entre leurs capacités physiques et leurs caractéristiques psychologiques. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de thèse visait à comprendre comment une caractéristique psychologique telle que la tolérance à l'effort peut impacter les réponses affectives d’un individu lors de la réalisation d'un exercice physique modéré. La tolérance est définie comme un trait qui influence la capacité de l'individu à continuer à s'exercer à un niveau d'intensité imposé même si l'activité devient inconfortable ou désagréable (Ekkekakis, Hall et Petruzzello, 2005). À ce jour, mon travail a révélé que le concept de tolérance semble être un concept valable dans un échantillon européen francophone (étude I) et ce quelle que soit la pratique physique hebdomadaire auto-déclarée par les individus. Mon travail montre également que la tolérance à l’effort impacte effectivement les ressentis durant un exercice physique modéré (études II et IV). De plus, il semblerait que plus les individus sont tolérants à l'effort, plus ils sont capables de produire un exercice physique intense (études III et IV). Fait intéressant, les résultats ont révélé que le niveau de tolérance semble être associé à l'efficacité du fonctionnement cognitif. Plus précisément, plus les individus possèdent des fonctions exécutives efficaces, plus ils possèdent un niveau élevé de tolérance à l'effort (étude III). Enfin, l'effet positif d'un environnement de distraction musicale sur la perception de la difficulté de l'exercice physique n'a été révélé que chez les personnes très tolérantes (étude IV); suggérant que la musique peut ne pas être adaptée à tous. En conclusion, à travers la réalisation d'une évaluation psychométrique de la version francophone (étude I), d'un paradigme dual (étude II) et d'une évaluation neuropsychologique des capacités cognitives des individus (étude III), mon travail de thèse a révélé que la tolérance à l’effort semble être un concept francophone valide prédisant la réponse affective positive ou négative à l'exercice physique ; et ce que l’exercice se réalise dans le silence ou en la musique (Études II et IV)Affective responses to physical exercise have been reported as predictors of the degree of engagement a personis ready to set in regular practice (Mohiyeddini, Pauli, & Bauer, 2009). According to the dual mode theory, theindividuals’ differences occurring during the exercise are due to the interplay between one’s physical abilitiesand one’s psychological characteristics (Ekkekakis, 2003) with some experiencing positively the session whileothers do not (Van Landuyt, Ekkekakis, Hall, & Petruzzello, 2000). Hence, my thesis work targeted the betterunderstanding of the effect of one of the psychological characteristics, the Tolerance to effort, on one’saffective responses during moderate physical exercise. Furthermore, I tried to reveal that a neuropsychologicaldefinition of the Tolerance to effort can be possible, even required for prescribing exercise program. Toleranceis defined as a trait that influences one’s ability to continue exercising at an imposed level of intensity even ifthe activity becomes uncomfortable or unpleasant (Ekkekakis, Hall, & Petruzzello, 2005). To date, my workhas revealed that the concept of Tolerance seems to be a valid concept in a French-speaking European sample(Study I). Interestingly, the results were revealed whatever the individuals’ self-reported weekly physicalpractice. My work also shows that the way one experiences a physical exercise depends on one’s tolerancelevel (Studies II and IV). Furthermore, the more individuals were tolerant to effort, the more they were able toproduce intense physical exercise (Studies III and IV). Interestingly, results revealed that one’s tolerance levelseems to be associated with one’s efficiency of cognitive functioning. More specifically, the more individualspossess efficient executive functions, the more they possess high level of Tolerance to effort (Study III).Finally, the positive effect of a musical distracting environment on one’s perception of physical exercisedifficulty was revealed only in high tolerant individuals (Study IV); suggesting that music may not be adaptedto all. To conclude, through the conduction of a psychometric assessment of the French-speaking version(Study I), a dual task paradigm (Study II) and a neuropsychological assessment of individuals cognitiveabilities (Study III), my thesis work has revealed that one’s tolerance level seems to be a French-speaking validconcept predicting the positive or negative affective response to physical exercise either in silence or in music(Studies II and IV) and defining one’s tolerance to effort from a cognitive standpoint
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Plaza, David Fernando. "Understanding the mechanisms by which B cells escape self tolerance : the role of CD35 and CD21 in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-123716.
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Almutlaq, S. "Second language writing self-efficacy and tolerance of ambiguity : an investigation of their interactions and developmental change in the Saudi higher education context." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47475/.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the current research are threefold. Firstly, to investigate the relationship between second language self-efficacy (SLSE) and second language tolerance of ambiguity (SLTA) among Saudi L2 learners at two levels of specificity; general and domain-specific. Secondly, to examine the change that takes place in second language writing self-efficacy (SLWSE), tolerance of ambiguity (SLWTA), and the interaction between them over time and what factors contribute to it. Finally, to apply a relatively new dynamic systems theory (DST) perspective for the interpretation of research findings with the aim of obtaining a holistic view of the currently investigated areas. To that end, participants were asked at the outset of the study to complete two general questionnaires that assess their general senses of perceived self-efficacy in learning English, Questionnaire of English Self-Efficacy (QESE) developed by Wang and Pape (2005), and assess their tolerance of ambiguity in relation to their English language learning, Second Language Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale (SLTAS) developed by Ely (1989). In the second phase of the research, data were collected at different timescales using domain-specific questionnaires, SLWSES which was developed from Shell, Murphy and Bruning (1989) and SLWTAS which was developed from Ely (1989). Along with that, every time participants completed their domain-specific questionnaires, they were asked to write an essay to explain their evaluations, elaborate on their responses and to give examples to support their choices. The findings of this research fill in the gap in SLA literature by indicating a significant correlation between SLSE and SLTA. Additionally, results reveal that the interaction between SLWSE and SLWTA is dynamic, as it changes over time from being significant to not significant. Factors that contribute to these results were discussed. The study concluded with highlighting its implications, for both theory and practice, and outlining its limitations and recommendations for further research.
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Lundeen, Kelly Anne. "An Intensive Treatment Protocol For Severe Chronic Auditory Comprehension Deficits In Aphasia: A Feasibility Study." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1304367194.
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Bosa, Jefferson Luiz. "Sistema embarcado para a manutenção inteligente de atuadores elétricos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22808.
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O elevado custo de manutenção nos ambientes industriais motivou pesquisas de novas técnicas para melhorar as ações de reparos. Com a evolução tecnológica, principalmente da eletrônica, que proporcionou o uso de sistemas embarcados para melhorar as atividades de manutenção, estas agregaram inteligência e evoluíram para uma manutenção pró-ativa. Através de ferramentas de processamento de sinais, inteligência artificial e tolerância a falhas, surgiram novas abordagens para os sistemas de monitoramento a serviço da equipe de manutenção. Os ditos sistemas de manutenção inteligente, cuja tarefa é realizar testes em funcionamento (on-line) nos equipamentos industriais, promovem novos modelos de confiabilidade e disponibilidade. Tais sistemas são baseados nos conceitos de tolerância a falhas, e visam detectar, diagnosticar e predizer a ocorrência de falhas. Deste modo, fornece-se aos engenheiros de manutenção a informação antecipada do estado de comportamento do equipamento antes mesmo deste manifestar uma falha, reduzindo custos, aumentando a vida útil e tornando previsível o reparo. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema de manutenção inteligente objeto deste trabalho, foram estudadas técnicas de inteligência artificial (redes neurais artificiais), técnicas de projeto de sistemas embarcados e de prototipação em plataformas de hardware. No presente trabalho, a rede neural Mapas Auto-Organizáveis foi adotada como ferramenta base para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas. Esta foi prototipada numa plataforma de sistema embarcado baseada na tecnologia FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Como estudo de caso, uma válvula elétrica utilizada em dutos para transporte de petróleo foi definida como aplicação alvo dos experimentos. Através de um modelo matemático, um conjunto de dados representativo do comportamento da válvula foi simulado e utilizado como entrada do sistema proposto. Estes dados visam o treinamento da rede neural e visam fornecer casos de teste para experimentação no sistema. Os experimentos executados em software validaram o uso da rede neural como técnica para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em válvulas elétricas. Por fim, também realizou-se experimentos a fim de validar o projeto do sistema embarcado, comparando-se os resultado obtidos com este aos resultados obtidos a partir de testes em software. Os resultados revelam a escolha correta do uso da rede neural e o correto projeto do sistema embarcado para desempenhar as tarefas de detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em válvulas elétricas.The high costs of maintenance in industrial environments have motivated research for new techniques to improve repair activities. The technological progress, especially in the electronics field, has provided for the use of embedded systems to improve repair, by adding intelligence to the system and turning the maintenance a proactive activity. Through tools like signal processing, artificial intelligence and fault-tolerance, new approaches to monitoring systems have emerged to serve the maintenance staff, leading to new models of reliability and availability. The main goal of these systems, also called intelligent maintenance systems, is to perform in-operation (on-line) test of industrial equipments. These systems are built based on fault-tolerance concepts, and used for the detection, the diagnosis and the prognosis of faults. They provide the maintenance engineers with information on the equipment behavior, prior to the occurrence of failures, reducing maintenance costs, increasing the system lifetime and making it possible to schedule repairing stops. To develop the intelligent maintenance system addressed in this dissertation, artificial intelligence (neural networks), embedded systems design and hardware prototyping techniques were studied. In this work, the neural network Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) was defined as the basic tool for the detection and the diagnosis of faults. The SOM was prototyped in an embedded system platform based on the FPGA technology (Field Programmable Gate Array). As a case study, the experiments were performed on an electric valve used in a pipe network for oil transportation. Through a mathematical model, a data set representative of the valve behavior was obtained and used as input to the proposed maintenance system. These data were used for neural network training and also provided test cases for system monitoring. The experiments were performed in software to validate the chosen neural network as the technique for the detection and diagnosis of faults in the electrical valve. Finally, experiments to validate the embedded system design were also performed, so as to compare the obtained results to those resulting from the software tests. The results show the correct choice of the neural network and the correct embedded systems design to perform the activities for the detection and diagnosis of faults in the electrical valve.
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Blanchard, Peva. "Synchronization and Fault-tolerance in Distributed Algorithms." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112219/document.
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Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, nous étudions le modèle des protocoles de population, introduit dans\cite{DBLP:conf/podc/BeauquierBCK10}. Ce modèle permet de représenter les grands réseaux de capteurs (ou agents) mobiles anonymes dotés de faibles ressources. Les contraintes de ce modèle sont si sévères que la plupart des problèmes classiques d'algorithmique répartie, tels que la collecte de données, le consensus ou l'élection d'un leader, sont difficiles à analyser, sinon impossibles à résoudre.Nous commençons notre étude par le problème de collecte de données. Celui-ci consiste principalement à transférer des valeurs réparties dans la population d'agents mobiles vers une station de base en un minimum de temps (temps de convergence). En utilisant un hypothèse d'équité, dite hypothèse de temps couvertures et introduite dans \cite{DBLP:conf/podc/BeauquierBCK10}, nous calculons des bornes optimales sur le temps de convergences de différents protocoles concrets. Ensuite, nous étudions le problème du consensus et d'élection de leader. Il a été montré que ces problèmes sont impossibles à résoudre dans le modèle original des protocoles de population. Pour contourner cette impossibilité, il est possible d'adjoindre au modèle certaines hypothèses sous la forme d'oracles. Nous proposons ensuite divers oracles permettant de résoudre le problème du consensus et d'élection de leader dans divers environnements, et nous étudions leurs puissances relatives. Ce faisant, nous développons un cadre formel permettant de représenter toutes les variétés d'oracles introduites, ainsi que leur possibles relations.Dans la seconde partie de ce mémoire, nous étudions le problème de la réplication de machine à états finis dans le modèle (classique) de communications asynchrones à passage de message. L'algorithme Paxos, introduit dans \cite{lamportPartTimeParliament,lamport01paxos} est une solution (partielle) bien connue au problème de la réplication capable de tolérer des pannes crash. Notre contribution, dans cette partie,consiste à améliorer Paxos afin qu'il puisse également tolérer des défaillances transitoires. Ce faisant, nous définissons la notions de machine répliquée pratiquement autostableIn the first part of this thesis, we focus on a recent model, calledpopulation protocols, which describes large networksof tiny wireless mobile anonymous agents with very limited resources.The harsh constraints of the original model makes most of theclassical problems of distributed algorithmics, such as datacollection, consensus and leader election, either difficult to analyzeor impossible to solve.We first study the data collection problem, which mainly consists intransferring some values to a base station. By using a fairnessassumption, known as cover times, we compute tight bounds on theconvergence time of concrete protocols. Next, we focus on theproblems of consensus and leader election. It is shown that theseproblems are impossible in the original model. To circumvent theseissues, we augment the original model with oracles, and study theirrelative power. We develop by the way a formal framework generalenough to encompass various sorts of oracles, as well as theirrelations.In the second part of the thesis, we study the problem ofstate-machine replication in the more classical model of asynchronousmessage-passing communication. The Paxos algorithm is a famous(partial) solution to the state-machine replication problem whichtolerates crash failures. Our contribution is the enhancement of Paxosin order to tolerate transient faults as well. Doing so, we define thenotion of practically self-stabilizing replicated state-machine
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Walley, Matthew John Craig. "The Association between Psychological Attributes and Organisational Performance in New Zealand Small to Medium Sized Enterprises." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/872.
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This thesis reports on the association between particular psychological attributes of owner/operators and organisational financial performance in New Zealand small to medium sized enterprises (SME's). The specific psychological attributes of interest are ambiguity tolerance, self efficacy, resilience and planning orientation. A direct response mail survey was sent to 4,500 New Zealand organisations fitting the criteria for this study. Ambiguity tolerance, self efficacy and resilience were assessed using established item scales from the literature. Planning orientation was assessed using planning scenario analysis. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. Results show that the planning orientation of owner/operators has a significant direct association with organisational financial performance. Ambiguity tolerance, self efficacy and resilience were found to have a significant indirect association with financial performance. The findings of this research have implications for both theory and practice. Theoretically there are implications for cognitive and personality psychology, organisational theory and behaviour, entrepreneurship and research related to the psychological attributes of interest in this thesis. Practically, the results provide managers with a meaningful tool to aid in the selection, training and management of individuals responsible for strategic decision making in SME and other organisational settings.
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Andersson, Tova. "Live and Let Love : En kritisk studie av svensk homonationalism i en politisk manifestation i samband med de olympiska spelen i Sotji 2014." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30511.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine how the construction of the swedish national self-image can be interpreted in relation to the protests against the russian anti-gay laws, leading up to the olympic games in Sotji 2014. I form a basis for my analysis in Jasbir K. Puars conceptual frame of homonationalism and examine the swedish political action Live and Let Love that took place at Stockholms Stadion in the fall of 2013. The analysis shows how the inclusion of a homonormative homosexuality becomes an important factor for the construction of Sweden as an open and tolerant nation in contrast to Russia as a non tolerant nation. This construction of "us" and the "Other" manifests through a discourse of tolerance. The national sense of community is formed through interaction between national symbols and symbols of the LGBT community.
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Fadoir, Nicholas Alan. "Psychopathy and Suicide: The Mediating Effects of Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1510423741997145.
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Bapat, Sandip Shriram. "On reliable and scalable management of wireless sensor networks." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164809365.
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Durand, Anaïs. "Algorithmes distribués efficaces adaptés à un contexte incertain." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM037/document.
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Les systèmes distribués sont de plus en plus grands et complexes, alors que leur utilisation s'étend à de nombreux domaines (par exemple, les communications, la domotique, la surveillance, le ``cloud''). Par conséquent, les contextes d'exécution des systèmes distribués sont très divers. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur des contextes incertains, autrement dit, le contexte n'est pas complètement connu au départ ou il est changeant. Plus précisément, nous nous focalisons sur deux principaux types d'incertitudes : une identification incomplète des processus et la présence de fautes. L'absence d'identification est fréquente dans de grands réseaux composés d'appareils produits et déployés en masse. De plus, l'anonymat est souvent une demande pour la sécurité et la confidentialité. De la même façon, les grands réseaux sont exposés aux pannes comme la panne définitive d'un processus ou une perte de connexion sans fil. Néanmoins, le service fourni doit rester disponible.Cette thèse est composée de quatre contributions principales. Premièrement, nous étudions le problème de l'élection de leader dans les anneaux unidirectionnels de processus homonymes (les processus sont identifiés mais leur ID n'est pas forcément unique). Par la suite, nous proposons un algorithme d'élection de leader silencieux et autostabilisant pour tout réseau connecté. Il s'agit du premier algorithme fonctionnant sous de telles conditions qui stabilise en un nombre polynomial de pas de calcul. La troisième contribution est une nouvelle propriété de stabilisation conçue pour les réseaux dynamiques qui garantit des convergences rapides et progressives après des changements topologiques. Nous illustrons cette propriété avec un algorithme de synchronisation d'horloges. Finalement, nous considérons la question de la concurrence dans les problèmes d'allocation de ressources. En particulier, nous étudions le niveau de concurrence qui peut être atteint dans une grande classe de problèmes d'allocation de ressources, l'allocation de ressources localesDistributed systems become increasingly wide and complex, while their usage extends to various domains (e.g., communication, home automation, monitoring, cloud computing). Thus, distributed systems are executed in diverse contexts. In this thesis, we focus on uncertain contexts, i.e., the context is not completely known a priori or is unsettled. More precisely, we consider two main kinds of uncertainty: processes that are not completely identified and the presence of faults. The absence of identification is frequent in large networks composed of massively produced and deployed devices. In addition, anonymity is often required for security and privacy. Similarly, large networks are exposed to faults (e.g, process crashes, wireless connection drop), but the service must remain available.This thesis is composed of four main contributions. First, we study the leader election problem in unidirectional rings of homonym processes, i.e., processes are identified but their ID is not necessarily unique. Then, we propose a silent self-stabilizing leader election algorithm for arbitrary connected network. This is the first algorithm under such conditions that stabilizes in a polynomial number of steps. The third contribution is a new stabilizing property designed for dynamic networks that ensures fast and gradual convergences after topological changes. We illustrate this property with a clock synchronizing algorithm. Finally, we consider the issue of concurrency in resource allocation problems. In particular, we study the level of concurrency that can be achieved in a wide class of resource allocation problem, i.e., the local resource allocation
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Mohd, Nor Rizal. "ROBUST LOW ATOMICITY PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1340903594.
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Jain, Nitya. "Multifaceted Regulation of Peripheral T Cell Tolerance and Autoimmunity by FOXP3+ T Regulatory Cells: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/416.
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Adaptive immunity requires T cell responses to foreign pathogens to be counterbalanced with the need to limit collateral destruction of the host’s own tissues. Further, the presence of a substantial pool of lymphocytes capable of recognizing selfantigen in the periphery poses a threat to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Regulatory T cells (Treg) that can suppress potentially self-reactive T cells are critical regulators of peripheral tolerance as well as initiation of immune responses. Treg cells employ several context-dependent mechanisms to establish regulation. In this thesis, we describe two distinct pathways of regulation used by Treg cells involving negative costimulation by CTLA-4 and immunomodulation by the morphogen, TGFβ.
CTLA-4 is a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells essential for maintaining T cell homeostasis and tolerance to self. CTLA-4 expression is induced in conventional T cells following activation, whereas it is constitutively expressed in regulatory FOXP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells. Mice lacking CTLA-4 develop an early onset, fatal breakdown in T cell tolerance. Whether this autoimmune disease occurs because of the loss of CTLA-4 function in regulatory T cells, conventional T cells, or both, is not known. We present evidence here that in addition to a critical CTLA-4 function in regulatory T cells, CTLA-4 in conventional T cells is also necessary for controlling the consequences of abnormal T cell activation. CTLA-4 expression in activated conventional T cells only in vivois unable to compensate for the impaired function of CTLA-4-less regulatory T cells that results in systemic lymphoproliferation, but it can prevent the aberrantly activated T cells from infiltrating and fatally damaging non-lymphoid tissues. These results demonstrate that CTLA-4 has a dual function in maintaining T cell homeostasis: CTLA-4 in regulatory T cells inhibits inappropriate naïve T cell activation and CTLA-4 in conventional T cells can prevent the harmful accumulation of inappropriately activated pathogenic T cells in vital organs.
In addition, we have identified Disabled-2 (Dab2), a TGFβ signaling intermediate, as a FOXP3 target gene that is expressed exclusively in Treg cells and is critical for in vitro and in vivo regulation by Treg cells. During T cell development, DAB2 is also expressed in a Foxp3-independent manner in thymic precursor cells, and acts as a sensor of TGFβ signals that is required for programming normal TGFβ responsiveness in T cell progenies. Naïve CD4+ T cells that differentiate from Dab2-deficient precursors favor Th17 cell generation at the expense of FOXP3+ Treg cells as a result of altered sensitivity to TGFβ. Importantly, retinoic acid can restore TGFβ signaling capacity of naïve CD4+ T cells generated from Dab2-deficient precursors, emphasizing the cooperative nature of retinoic acid and TGFβ signaling pathways in promoting Treg cell development and maintenance.
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Dodd, Dorian R. "INTEROCEPTIVE DEFICITS, NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY, AND THE ACQUIRED CAPABILITY FOR SUICIDE AMONG WOMEN WITH EATING DISORDERS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1430142400.
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Angarita, Arocha Rafael Enrique. "An approach for Self-healing Transactional Composite Services." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090051/document.
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Dans ce mémoire de thèse, nous présentons une approche d’exécution auto-corrective (self-healing) de services composites, basée sur des agents capables de prendre, de manière autonome, des décisions pendant l’exécution des services, à partir de leurs connaissances. Dans un premier temps, nous définissons, de manière formelle, en utilisant des réseaux de Petri colorés, les services composites, leur processus d’exécution, et leurs mécanismes de tolérance aux pannes. Notre approche offre plusieurs mécanismes de reprise sur panne alternatifs : la récupération en arrière avec compensation ; la récupération en avant avec ré-exécution et/ou remplacement de service ; et le point de contrôle (checkpointing), à partir duquel il est possible de reprendre l’exécution du service ultérieurement. Dans notre approche, les services sont contrôlés par des agents, i.e. des composants dont le rôle est de s’assurer que l’exécution des services soit tolérante aux pannes. Notre approche est également étendue afin de permettre un auto-recouvrement. Dans cette extension, les agents disposent d’une base de connaissances contenant à la fois des informations sur eux-mêmes et sur le contexte d’exécution. Pour prendre des décisions concernant la sélection des stratégies de récupération, les agents font des déductions en fonction des informations qu’ils ont sur l’ensemble du service composite, sur eux-mêmes, tout en prenant en compte également ce qui est attendu et ce qui se passe réellement lors de l’exécution. Finalement, nous illustrons notre approche par une évaluation expérimentale en utilisant un cas d’étudeIn this thesis, we present a self-healing approach for composite services supported by knowledge-based agents capable of making decisions at runtime. First, we introduce our formal definition of composite services, their execution processes, and their fault tolerance mechanisms using Colored Petri nets. We implement the following recovery mechanisms: backward recovery through compensation; forward recovery through service retry and service replacement; and checkpointing as an alternative strategy. We introduce the concept of Service Agents, which are software components in charge of component services and their fault tolerance execution control. We then extend our approach with self-healing capabilities. In this self-healing extension, Service Agents are knowledge-based agents; that is, they are self- and context-aware. To make decisions about the selection of recovery and proactive fault tolerance strategies, Service Agents make deductions based on the information they have about the whole composite service, about themselves, and about what is expected and what it is really happening at runtime. Finally, we illustrate our approach and evaluate it experimentally using a case study
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Harris, John E. "The Molecular Mechanisms of T Cell Clonal Anergy: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/6.
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A side effect of generating an immune system for defense against invading pathogens is the potential to develop destructive cells that recognize self-tissues. Typically, through the "education" of developing immune cells, the organism inactivates potentially self-destructive cells, resulting in what is called self-tolerance. I proposed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the induction and maintenance of tolerance. Our lab has developed a model of induced immune tolerance to skin and islet allografts utilizing a donor-specific transfusion of spleen cells and a brief course of anti-CD40L antibody. Because the difficulty in isolation of tolerant T cells from this system is prohibitive to performing large screens on these cells directly, I have chosen to study an in vitro CD4+Th1 cell line, A.E7, which can be made anergic via stimulation through the T cell receptor in the absence of costimulation. I hypothesized that anergized T cells upregulate genes that are responsible for the induction and maintenance of anergy and therefore exhibit a unique RNA expression profile. I have screened anergic cells using Affymetrix GeneChips and identified a small number of genes that are differentially expressed long-term in the anergic population compared to mock-stimulated and productively activated controls. The results have been confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR for each of the candidates. One of the most promising, the zinc-finger transcription factor Egr-2, was verified to be expressed long-term by western blotting, demonstrating perfect correlation between Egr-2 protein expression and the anergic phenotype. Silencing Egr-2 gene expression by siRNA in A.E7 T cells prior to anergy induction rescues the cells from the inability to phosphorylate ERK-1 and ERK-2 and also results in increased proliferation in response to antigen rechallenge. In this study I report that Egr-2 is specifically expressed long-term in anergic cells, protein expression correlates inversely with responsiveness to antigen rechallenge, and that Egr-2 is required for the full induction of anergy in T cell clones.
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Шаньгина, Е. П., and E. P. Shangina. "Исследование толерантности к неопределенности у подростков 14 – 17 лет в связи с их мотивацией достижения и самоэффективностью : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/86635.
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Based on the data obtained, the features of tolerance for ambiguity in adolescents and its relationship with achievement motivation and self-efficacy are demonstrated.В работе продемонстрированы особенности толерантности к неопределенности старших подростков, взаимосвязь толерантности к неопределенности с мотивацией достижения и самоэффективностью.
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Dixon, Deirdre Painter. "STAYING ALIVE: THE EXPERIENCE OF IN EXTREMIS LEADERSHIP." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396607108.
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Foreback, Dianne R. "BUILDING ORACLES FOR ROBUST ALGORITHM DESIGN." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1436373808.
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Samii, Soheil. "Quality-Driven Synthesis and Optimization of Embedded Control Systems." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68641.
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This thesis addresses several synthesis and optimization issues for embedded control systems. Examples of such systems are automotive and avionics systems in which physical processes are controlled by embedded computers through sensor and actuator interfaces. The execution of multiple control applications, spanning several computation and communication components, leads to a complex temporal behavior that affects control quality. The relationship between system timing and control quality is a key issue to consider across the control design and computer implementation phases in an integrated manner. We present such an integrated framework for scheduling, controller synthesis, and quality optimization for distributed embedded control systems. At runtime, an embedded control system may need to adapt to environmental changes that affect its workload and computational capacity. Examples of such changes, which inherently increase the design complexity, are mode changes, component failures, and resource usages of the running control applications. For these three cases, we present trade-offs among control quality, resource usage, and the time complexity of design and runtime algorithms for embedded control systems. The solutions proposed in this thesis have been validated by extensive experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and importance of the presented techniques.
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Rojas, Elizabeth C. "Development and Validation of the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTQ)." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6943.
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Distress tolerance (DT) is the perceived ability to withstand psychological stress, and has been studied for its relationship to psychopathology, personality features, mood states, and behaviors. Previous work suggests that the two existing modalities of DT measurement (behavioral and self-report) are tapping conceptually and empirically different constructs. The current developed a novel, self-report measure of DT that conceptually mapped onto behavioral DT in two samples: community participants (N = 982) and undergraduates (N = 282). Two separate factors emerged, non-goal oriented distress intolerance (DI), and goal-oriented distress tolerance (DT). Fit indices were acceptable in the community sample, but poor in the college sample. Both factors showed associations with existing self-report (SR) DT measures, behavioral outcomes, and behavioral tasks (in the college sample) supporting construct validity. Associations with the DT personality network were similar to that of the existing DT-SR measures, and failed to support discriminant validity. Likewise, the documentation of the novel measures with the broad DT nomological network showed predicted associations with personality, mood, and psychopathology, supporting existing literature. Novel measures predicted some significant variance in DT outcomes (psychopathology, behavioral outcomes), above and beyond existing DT-SR, however magnitude was small in nature, and the college sample failed to replicate these results. Measurement invariance testing showed failure at the scalar level in college students. Overall, novel measures did not provide clear support for a separate behavioral definition of DT, and corroborated prior studies investigating extant DT measures and the broad DT nomological network.