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1
Meyer, Katie. The Maine suicide and self-inflicted injury surveillance report. [Augusta, Me.]: Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.
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Kudryakov, Sergey, Valeriy Kul'chickiy, Nikolay Povarenkin, Viktor Ponomarev, Evgeniy Rubcov, and Evgeniy Sobolev. Radio engineering support of aircraft flights and aviation telecommunications. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1242223.
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The training manual describes the basics of radio engineering support for flights, the organization of radio engineering support for flights, and the general characteristics of flight support equipment. Information is provided about drive radios, marker beacons, radio beacon landing systems, automatic direction finders, RSBN system, VOR and DME beacons, satellite navigation systems, as well as radar surveillance equipment. The basics of telecommunications, issues of aviation telecommunications, as well as information about the means of aviation telecommunications are presented. There are questions for self-control.
It is intended for students studying under the specialty program in the specialty 25.05.05 "Aircraft operation and air traffic management"; for students studying under the bachelor's program in the direction of training 25.03.04 "Airport operation and aircraft flight support", as well as for students studying under the master's program in the direction 25.04.04 "Airport Operation and aircraft flight support".
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Civil Aviation Authority. Self launching motor gliders - secondary surveillance radar Transponders. Stationery Office, The, 2008.
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Civil Aviation Authority. Self-launching motor gliders - secondary surveillance radar Transponders. Stationery Office, The, 2009.
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Fundamentals of fetal health surveillance: A self-learning manual. Vancouver, BC: British Columbia Perinatal Health Program, 2009.
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and Construction Technology Laboratories (Portland Cement Association), eds. Self-monitoring surveillance system for prestressing tendons: Phase I small business innovation research. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and Construction Technology Laboratories (Portland Cement Association), eds. Self-monitoring surveillance system for prestressing tendons: Phase I small business innovation research. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.
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8
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and Construction Technology Laboratories (Portland Cement Association), eds. Self-monitoring surveillance system for prestressing tendons: Phase I small business innovation research. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.
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9
Bennett, Colin J., and Christopher Parsons. Privacy and Surveillance: The Multidisciplinary Literature on the Capture, Use, and Disclosure of Personal Information in Cyberspace. Edited by William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0023.
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This chapter covers the multidisciplinary literature on the protection of personal information in the online world, which extends back to the origins of social research on computing, and addresses the link between key structures of the Internet and the literatures on privacy and surveillance. Then, it turns to the literature on the role of international, legal, self-regulatory, and technological policy instruments in protecting personal information online. The nature of the Internet is entirely consistent with the metaphor of the ‘surveillant assemblage’. The Internet has become a fundamentally ‘surveillance-ready’ technology, and is becoming deeply integrated into the structures of social life. The rise of Internet-enabled surveillance and information control is significant. The story of privacy and surveillance is episodic and reflective of quite frenzied attempts to come to grips with unprecedented technological transformations in the light of the most recent scandal or controversy.
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Claire, North. The Sudden Appearance of Hope. Orbit, 2016.
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David, Rosen. Watchman in Pieces: Surveillance, Literature, and Liberal Personhood. Yale University Press, 2013.
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Santesso, Aaron, and Rosen David. Watchman in Pieces: Surveillance, Literature, and Liberal Personhood. Yale University Press, 2013.
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13
Bignami, Francesca, and Giorgio Resta. Human Rights Extraterritoriality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0019.
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The chapter focuses on national security surveillance by spy agencies. The safeguards afforded for privacy under the law of national security surveillance in the U.S. and the EU appear to be motivated as much, if not more, by national self-interest as by a universal right to privacy. In the U.S., the law has traditionally protected the privacy rights of insiders far more assiduously than those of outsiders. In the EU, there is no power to act internally in the national security domain, but it has certain powers to regulate privacy externally, by setting the terms of intelligence-agency access to EU personal data. There are currently four such EU–U.S. agreements in place. Unsurprisingly, given the bilateral nature of these agreements, they reflect the traditional, self-interested logic of international law designed to further the interests of the parties to the agreement rather than the broader international community.
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Masur, Philipp K. Situational Privacy and Self-Disclosure: Communication Processes in Online Environments. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
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Masur, Philipp K. Situational Privacy and Self-Disclosure: Communication Processes in Online Environments. Springer, 2019.
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Decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748930006.
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Curated, translated and edited by the Court’s translation unit in collaboration with the Justices, the sixth volume of this English-language series is dedicated to one of the cornerstones of German fundamental rights architecture: the general right of personality. Following a thematic introduction by Justices of the Court, this volume presents 45 leading cases that map the constitutional protection of self-determination, identity and privacy from the early foundations to recent decisions on the right to be forgotten, assisted suicide and the state’s surveillance powers abroad. For the international legal community, scholars and anyone interested in comparative law, this book constitutes an invaluable guide to decades of constitutional case-law in Germany.
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Richards, Jennifer, and Richard Wistreich. The Anatomy of the Renaissance Voice. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0015.
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Dissection Might Be Thought Of As A Self-Explanatory Term.’ So Begins Jonathan Sawday’s The Body Emblazoned: Dissection And The Human Body In Renaissance Culture (1995), One Of The Earliest Cultural Histories To Contribute To The Burgeoning Field Of Medical Humanities In The 1990s. ‘In Its Medical Sense’, He Explains, ‘A Dissection Suggests The Methodical Division Of An Animal Body For The Purposes Of “Critical Examination”.’ But The Term Can Be Used In A ‘Metaphoric Sense’ Too, And When It Is We Are Led ‘To An Historical Field Rich In Cognate Meanings’ In A Period When A ‘ “Science” Of The Body Had Not Yet Emerged’. These Rich Meanings Are The Focus Of His Study, Which Aims To Recover The ‘Violent, Darker Side Of Dissection And Anatomization’ Before Its Meaning Became Fixed As ‘A Seemingly Discrete Way Of Ordering The Observation Of The Natural World’. This Darker Side Includes The Partitioning Of Knowledge, Surveillance Of The Body, Eroticism And A Deep-Rooted Fear Of Interiority. Rereading Sawday’s Pioneering
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Friedewald, Michael, Alexander Roßnagel, Jessica Heesen, Nicole Krämer, and Jörn Lamla, eds. Künstliche Intelligenz, Demokratie und Privatheit. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748913344.
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This volume contains selected papers from the 2021 annual conference affiliated to ‘Forum Privatheit’, which analyse the current challenges posed by the development of artificial intelligence (AI) to privacy, informational self-determination and democracy, and how they can be addressed through governance mechanisms. The contributions focus on the use of AI for profiling and surveillance purposes, on issues related to the dissemination and detection of disinformation through AI, and on the use of AI in the health and care sectors. With contributions by Hartmut Aden, Leen Al Kalla, Annalena Buckmann, Niël Conradie, Jutta Croll, Alan Dahi, Dr. Martin Degeling, Jana Dittmann, Jan Fährmann, Konstantin Fischer, Michael Friedewald, Clemens Gruber, Franziska Herbert, Gerrit Hornung, Carolin Jansen, Rita Jordan, Hannah Klöber, Jan Philipp Kluck, Christian Krätzer, Jörn Lamla, Lena Isabell Löber, Anna Louban, Matthias Marx, Rainer Mühlhoff, Saskia Nagel, Lars Rinsodrf, Alexander Roßnagel, Hannah Ruschemeier, Stephan Schindler, Sabrina Schomberg, Jasmin Schreyer, Tahireh Setz, Martin Steinebach, Milan Tahraoui, Sabine Theis, Inna Vogel, Marianne von Blomberg, Roger von Laufenberg and York Yannikos.
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Simpson, Paul, Paul Reynolds, and Trish Hafford-Letchfield, eds. Desexualisation in Later Life. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447355465.001.0001.
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This multi-disciplinary volume brings together international scholarship from across cultural studies, humanities and social sciences. It involves critical review of a comparatively neglected issue – the desexualization of older people – that itself forms part of an emerging field of knowledge that relates to older people’s sexuality and intimacy. Funnelling down from more general to more particular experiences (often related to identity difference), the volume explores the various ways that older people encounter constraints on their sexual and intimate self-expression. Indeed, risk and surveillance can be seen as structuring conditions of ageing sexualities and the issues addressed concern difficulties in relation to consent, relating and relatives erotic aesthetics, gendered ageing sexuality (menopause), disabilities, dementia, care homes and their residents, sex and older lesbian, gay bisexual, trans and intersex people, and care services and ageing sexuality. As well as providing an overview of broader themes to which chapter point, the final chapter also outlines a research agenda that itself points towards creative forms of resexualization of diverse older selves. Although the volume’s focus is on desexualization, resexualization is to some extent acknowledged in each chapter.
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Hong, Sun-ha. Technologies of Speculation. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479860234.001.0001.
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What counts as knowledge in the age of big data and smart machines? Technologies of datafication renew the long modern promise of turning bodies into facts. They seek to take human intentions, emotions, and behavior and to turn these messy realities into discrete and stable truths. But in pursuing better knowledge, technology is reshaping in its image what counts as knowledge. The push for algorithmic certainty sets loose an expansive array of incomplete archives, speculative judgments, and simulated futures. Too often, data generates speculation as much as it does information. Technologies of Speculation traces this twisted symbiosis of knowledge and uncertainty in emerging state and self-surveillance technologies. It tells the story of vast dragnet systems constructed to predict the next terrorist and of how familiar forms of prejudice seep into the data by the back door. In software placeholders, such as “Mohammed Badguy,” the fantasy of pure data collides with the old specter of national purity. It shows how smart machines for ubiquitous, automated self-tracking, manufacturing knowledge, paradoxically lie beyond the human senses. This data is increasingly being taken up by employers, insurers, and courts of law, creating imperfect proxies through which my truth can be overruled. This book argues that as datafication transforms what counts as knowledge, it is dismantling the long-standing link between knowledge and human reason, rational publics, and free individuals. If data promises objective knowledge, then we must ask in return, Knowledge by and for whom; enabling what forms of life for the human subject?
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Ferguson, Rex. Identification Practices in Twentieth-Century Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865568.001.0001.
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The task of identifying the individual has given rise to a number of technical innovations, including fingerprint analysis and DNA profiling. A range of methods has also been created for storing and classifying people’s identities, such as identity cards and digital records. Identification Practices and Twentieth-Century Fiction tests the hypothesis that these techniques and methods, as practised in the UK and US in the long twentieth century, are inherently related to the literary representation of self-identity from the same period. Until now, the question of ‘who one is’ in the sense of formal identification has remained detached from the question of ‘who one is’ in terms of the representation of unique individuality. Placing these two questions in dialogue allows for a re-evaluation of the various ways in which uniqueness has been constructed during the period and for a reassessment of the historical and literary historical context of such construction. In chapters ranging across the development of fingerprinting, the institution of identity cards during the Second World War, DNA profiling and contemporary digital surveillance, and an analysis of writing by authors including Joseph Conrad, Graham Greene, Elizabeth Bowen, J. G. Ballard, Don DeLillo, and Jennifer Egan, Identification Practices and Twentieth-Century Fiction makes an original contribution to Literary Studies, History, and Cultural Studies.
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Davis, Howard. Human Rights Law Directions. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198871347.001.0001.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Self-test questions and exam questions help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. Human Rights Law Directions has been written expressly to guide you through your study of human rights law, and to explain clearly and concisely the key areas of this fascinating subject. Combining academic quality with innovative learning features and online support, this is an ideal text for those studying human rights law for the first time. This fifth edition has been fully updated with key developments in human rights law, including: discussion, in so far as information allows, of proposed reform of the legal protection of human rights in the United Kingdom, post-‘Brexit’; the ECtHR case law on unlawful rendition; deportation and human rights; the impact of human rights on warfare and the condition of British troops abroad; the impact of Article 8 on abortion and assisted suicide; concerns over surveillance and communications data; the impact of human rights law on controversies over religious dress (such as the burqa ban in France); and possible infringements of rights by the legal response to Coronavirus.
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Suicide Mortality in the Americas. Regional Report 2010–2014. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123300.
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Suicide is a serious public health problem surrounded by stigma, myths, and taboos. With an annual average of 81,746 suicide deaths in the period 2010–2014 and an age-adjusted suicide rate of 9.3 per 100,000 population (age-unadjusted rate of 9.6), suicide continues to be a public health problem of great relevance in the Region of the Americas. Contrary to common belief, suicides are preventable with timely, evidence-based, and often low-cost interventions. It is estimated that for each suicide that occurs, there are more than 20 attempts. Suicide can occur at any age and it is the third highest cause of death among young people between the ages of 20 and 24 in the Region of the Americas. This report corresponds to the five-year period between 2010 and 2014. It provides a general description of suicide mortality in the Americas, by subregions and countries. It analyzes the distribution of suicide according to age, sex, and methods used, along with the changes in suicide from 2010 to 2014. This report is limited to the study of mortality as, in most countries, no record of self-harm exists, due to lack of appropriate surveillance systems. In the period 2010–2014, 55.8% of suicide deaths in the Region occurred in North America. The age-adjusted suicide rate was also highest in North America (12.8 per 100,000 population), which along with the non-Hispanic Caribbean (9.8) was higher than the regional rate, while the other two subregions had rates lower than the regional rate (6.7 in Central America, the Hispanic Caribbean, and Mexico; 6.9 in South America). In Latin America and the Caribbean, it is essential that national suicide prevention programs be developed, especially in those countries with higher suicide rates. This report identifies 12 countries in the Region of the Americas with high suicide rates compared with the regional average and where two-thirds of the suicide deaths are concentrated. Strengthening information systems and surveillance of suicidal behavior is required. Improving mortality registries alone is not enough. It is also necessary to develop registries of suicidal behavior and implement follow-up mechanisms in high-risk cases. This report identifies the most frequent suicide methods. The availability of firearms is an important risk factor, particularly in North America. Access to pesticides in rural areas is another risk factor, especially in the non-Hispanic
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Dalbeth, Nicola. Pathophysiology of gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0039.
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The clinical features of gout occur in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Gout should be considered a chronic disease of MSU crystal deposition. A number of pathophysiological checkpoints are required for development of gout. First, elevated urate concentrations are required: urate overproduction and underexcretion contribute to total urate balance. Overproduction occurs due to alterations in the purine synthesis and degradation pathways. Renal underexcretion is an important cause of elevated serum urate concentrations (hyperuricaemia), and occurs through alterations in the urate transporters within the renal tubule (collectively known as the urate transportasome). Gut underexcretion (extrarenal urate underexcretion) also contributes to development of hyperuricaemia. The next checkpoint is MSU crystal formation. In some individuals with evidence of MSU crystal deposition, symptomatic gout develops. The acute inflammatory response to MSU crystals represents a self-limiting sterile acute auto-inflammatory response which is mediated by the innate immune system activation. Interleukin 1 beta is the key cytokine that contributes to the acute inflammatory response to MSU crystals. In some patients, advanced gout may occur with structural joint damage. Joint damage in gout is mediated both by direct effects of MSU crystals on joint tissue and by indirect effects of joint inflammation. In addition to their central role in pathogenesis of gout, MSU crystals have a physiological role, particularly as an adjuvant or ‘danger signal’ in immune surveillance.
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Aradau, Claudia, and Tobias Blanke. Algorithmic Reason. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859624.001.0001.
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Are algorithms ruling the world today? Is artificial intelligence making life-and-death decisions? Are social media companies able to manipulate elections? As we are confronted with public and academic anxieties about unprecedented changes, this book offers a different analytical prism to investigate these transformations as more mundane and fraught. Aradau and Blanke develop conceptual and methodological tools to understand how algorithmic operations shape the government of self and other. While disperse and messy, these operations are held together by an ascendant algorithmic reason. Through a global perspective on algorithmic operations, the book helps us understand how algorithmic reason redraws boundaries and reconfigures differences. The book explores the emergence of algorithmic reason through rationalities, materializations, and interventions. It traces how algorithmic rationalities of decomposition, recomposition, and partitioning are materialized in the construction of dangerous others, the power of platforms, and the production of economic value. The book shows how political interventions to make algorithms governable encounter friction, refusal, and resistance. The theoretical perspective on algorithmic reason is developed through qualitative and digital methods to investigate scenes and controversies that range from mass surveillance and the Cambridge Analytica scandal in the UK to predictive policing in the US, and from the use of facial recognition in China and drone targeting in Pakistan to the regulation of hate speech in Germany. Algorithmic Reason offers an alternative to dystopia and despair through a transdisciplinary approach made possible by the authors’ backgrounds, which span the humanities, social sciences, and computer sciences.
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Ravetto-Biagioli, Kriss. Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853990.001.0001.
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We are confronted with a new type of uncanny experience, an uncanny evoked by parallel processing, aggregate data, and cloud-computing. The digital uncanny does not erase the uncanny feeling we experience as déjà vu or when confronted with robots that are too lifelike. Today’s uncanny refers to how nonhuman devices (surveillance technologies, algorithms, feedback, and data flows) anticipate human gestures, emotions, actions, and interactions, intimating we are machines and our behavior is predicable because we are machinic. It adds another dimension to those feelings we get when we question whether our responses are subjective or automated—automated as in reducing one’s subjectivity to patterns of data and using those patterns to present objects or ideas that would then elicit one’s genuinely subjective—yet effectively preset—response. This anticipation of our responses is a feedback loop we have produced by designing software that studies our traces, inputs, and moves. Digital Uncanny explores how digital technologies, particularly software systems working through massive amounts of data, are transforming the meaning of the uncanny that Freud tied to a return of repressed memories, desires, and experiences to their anticipation. Through a close reading of interactive and experimental art works of Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Bill Viola, Simon Biggs, Sue Hawksley, and Garth Paine, this book is designed to explore how the digital uncanny unsettles and estranges concepts of “self,” “affect,” “feedback,” and “aesthetic experience,” forcing us to reflect on our relationship with computational media and our relationship to others and our experience of the world.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.001.0001.
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The last four decades of human history have seen the emergence of an unprecedented number of 'new' infectious diseases: the familiar roll call includes AIDS, Ebola, H5N1 influenza, hantavirus, hepatitis E, Lassa fever, legionnaires' and Lyme diseases, Marburg fever, Rift Valley fever, SARS, and West Nile. The outbreaks range in scale from global pandemics that have brought death and misery to millions, through to self-limiting outbreaks of mainly local impact. Some outbreaks have erupted explosively but have already faded away; some grumble along or continue to devastate as now persistent features in the medical lexicon; in others, a huge potential threat hangs uncertainly and worryingly in the air. Some outbreaks are merely local, others are worldwide. This book looks at the epidemiological and geographical conditions which underpin disease emergence. What are the processes which lead to emergence? Why now in human history? Where do such diseases emerge and how do they spread or fail to spread around the globe? What is the armoury of surveillance and control measures that may curb the impact of such diseases? But, uniquely, it sets these questions on the modern period of disease emergence in an historical context. First, it uses the historical record to set recent events against a much broader temporal canvas, finding emergence to be a constant theme in disease history rather than one confined to recent decades. It concludes that it is the quantitative pace of emergence, rather than its intrinsic nature, that separates the present period from earlier centuries. Second, it looks at the spatial and ecological setting of emergence, using hundreds of specially-drawn maps to chart the source areas of new diseases and the pathways of their spread. The book is divided into three main sections: Part 1 looks at early disease emergence, Part 2 at the processes of disease emergence, and Part 3 at the future for emergent diseases.
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Rose, Jonathan. Readers' Liberation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723554.001.0001.
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The Literary Agenda is a series of short polemical monographs about the importance of literature and of reading in the wider world and about the state of literary education inside schools and universities. The category of 'the literary' has always been contentious. What is clear, however, is how increasingly it is dismissed or is unrecognised as a way of thinking or an arena for thought. It is sceptically challenged from within, for example, by the sometimes rival claims of cultural history, contextualized explanation, or media studies. It is shaken from without by even greater pressures: by economic exigency and the severe social attitudes that can follow from it; by technological change that may leave the traditional forms of serious human communication looking merely antiquated. For just these reasons this is the right time for renewal, to start reinvigorated work into the meaning and value of literary reading. For the Internet and digitial generation, the most basic human right is the freedom to read. The Web has indeed brought about a rapid and far-reaching revolution in reading, making a limitless global pool of literature and information available to anyone with a computer. At the same time, however, the threats of censorship, surveillance, and mass manipulation through the media have grown apace. Some of the most important political battles of the twenty-first century have been fought--and will be fought--over the right to read. Will it be adequately protected by constitutional guarantees and freedom of information laws? Or will it be restricted by very wealthy individuals and very powerful institutions? And given increasingly sophisticated methods of publicity and propaganda, how much of what we read can we believe? This book surveys the history of independent sceptical reading, from antiquity to the present. It tells the stories of heroic efforts at self-education by disadvantaged people in all parts of the world. It analyzes successful reading promotion campaigns throughout history (concluding with Oprah Winfrey) and explains why they succeeded. It also explores some disturbing current trends, such as the reported decay of attentive reading, the disappearance of investigative journalism, 'fake news', the growth of censorship, and the pervasive influence of advertisers and publicists on the media--even on scientific publishing. For anyone who uses libraries and Internet to find out what the hell is going on, this book is a guide, an inspiration, and a warning.
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Medeiros, Mauricio, Beatriz Fialho, Priscila Soares, and Daniel Lacerda, eds. A primeira vacina 100% brasileira contra a Covid-19: a conquista de Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Bio-Manguinhos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/vacinacovid.2022_52830.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is a unique event in the modern history of humanity, which has generated great challenges and, at the same time, valuable opportunities for public health. A number of examples of them are found in the more than three hundred pages of this book. In each chapter it is possible to understand how a vaccine for Covid-19 was developed in record time - due to the urgency of an antidote that would allow us to deal with this terrible disease - through the acceleration, compliance and improvement of all labor criteria, production, evaluation, timely release, and security. This entire process of developing the first vaccine produced by Brazil was described in a very creative way, allowing the reader to dive into a technical-scientific content of the highest level. The book presents an overview that goes through the origin of the virus, the transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the vaccine development process and the regulatory and legal instruments to guarantee access to vaccination - starting with the most vulnerable populations. It also describes the trials and phases of clinical study development that ensured the vaccine's safety and efficacy. It also covers the logistics of distribution and pharmacovigilance for monitoring the product in the user population until the detailing of the technological prospection, as well as showing the necessary steps to carry out a process of technology transfer of the vaccine from the viral vector. Among the various innovations, it is worth highlighting: preparation of a technological order through ETEC; use of continuous submission to the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA); and emergency use authorization. This effort made it possible to meet the expressive demand for Covid-19 vaccines in Brazil in a timely manner and on an unprecedented scale. For the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which turns 120 on December 2, 2022, it is an honor to have Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz as part of our history. Due to its outstanding performance on the international scene, this institute is a true heritage of humanity. And now, with the first Brazilian vaccine for Covid-19, Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz consolidates Brazil's leadership in the production of immunobiologicals in Latin America and the Caribbean, ensuring greater self-sufficiency and sustainability of basic health supplies not only for the country, but for the entire region of the Americas.
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Mpedi, Letlhokwa George, ed. Santa Claus: Law, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Decolonisation and Covid-19. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928314837.
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The origins of Santa Claus, or so I am told, is that the young Bishop Nicholas secretly delivered three bags of gold as dowries for three young girls to their indebted father to save them from a life of prostitution. Armed with immortality, a factory of elves and a fleet of reindeer, his has been a lasting legacy, inextricably linked to Christmas. Of course, this Christmas looks a little different. Amidst a global pandemic, shimmying down the chimneys of strangers certainly does not adhere to social distancing guidelines. Some borders remain closed, and in some instances, the quarantine period is far too long. After all, he only has 24 hours to spread cheer across the world. As with the rest of us, Santa Claus is likely to get the remote working treatment. The reindeers this year are likely to be self-driving, reminiscent of an Amazon swarm of technology, and the naughty and nice lists are likely to be based on algorithms derived from social media accounts. In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, it is difficult to imagine that letters suffice anymore. How many posts were verified as real before shared? Enough to get you a drone. Fake news? Here is a lump of coal. Will we see elves in personal protective equipment (PPE) and will Santa Claus, high risk because of age and his likely comorbidities from the copious amount of cookies, have to self-isolate in the North Pole? In fact, will there be any toys at all this year? Surely production has been stalled with the restrictions on imports and exports into the North Pole. Perhaps, there is a view to outsourcing, or perhaps, there is a shift towards local production and supply chains. More importantly, as we have done in many instances in this period, maybe we should pause to reflect on the current structures in place. The sanctification of a figure so clearly dismissive of the Global South and to be critical, quite classist must be called into question. From some of the keenest minds, the contributions in this book make a strong case against this holly jolly man. We traverse important topics such as, is the constitution too lenient with a clear intruder who has conveniently branded himself a Good Samaritan? Allegations of child labour under the guise of elves, blatant animal cruelty, constant surveillance in stark contrast to many democratic ideals and his possible threat to national security come to the fore. Nevertheless, as the song goes, he is aware when you are asleep, and he knows when you are awake. Is feminism a farce to this beloved man – what role does Mrs Claus play and why are there inherent gender norms in his toys? Then is the worry of closed borders and just how accurate his COVID-19 tests are. Of course, this brings his ethics into question. While there is an agreement that transparency, justice and fairness, nonmaleficence, responsibility, and privacy are the core ethical principles, the meaning of these principles differs, particularly across countries and cultures. Why are we subject to Santa Claus’ notions of good and evil when he is so far removed from our context? As Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein would tell you, this is fundamentally a nudge from Santa Claus for children to fit into his ideals. A nudge, coined by Thaler, is a choice that predictably changes people’s behaviour without forbidding any options or substantially changing their economic incentives. Even with pinched cheeks and an air of holiday cheer, Santa Claus has to come under scrutiny. In the process of decolonising knowledge and looking at various epistemologies, does Santa still make the cut?