Dissertations / Theses: 'Self-selection effect'

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CARVALHO, LEANDRO SIQUEIRA. "FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, SELF-SELECTION AND BRAIN EFFECT: TWO ESSAYS ON MIGRATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5217@1.

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A literatura econômica que estuda migração sempre esteve preocupada com o impacto da migração sobre o bem-estar, seja na forma de imigração ou na forma de brain drain. Os dois artigos que compõem esta tese estão relacionados a este tema. Apesar do modelo de Roy concluir que os emigrantes são negativamente selecionados se a taxa de retorno à educação é maior na economia de origem, os trabalhos empíricos encontram evidências de emigrantes positivamente selecionados. O primeiro artigo utiliza um modelo para argumentar que se o mercado de crédito é imperfeito, tanto investimentos em educação como a decisão de emigração dependem da riqueza inicial do agente. Isto permite explicar a controvérsia entre a literatura teórica e empírica e o porquê da classe média ser aquela com maior mobilidade em alguns países. A segunda parte da tese está diretamente relacionada à literatura de beneficial brain drain. Os trabalhos nessa área argumentam que a possibilidade de um trabalhador educado de emigrar para outro país que remunera melhor sua mão-de-obra qualificada aumenta a taxa de retorno à educação na economia de origem e conseqüentemente os investimentos em capital humano. O artigo utiliza como experimento a construção de Palmas, capital do Tocantins, para investigar esta hipótese. Os resultados empíricos encontrados a partir dos microdados dos Censos de 1991 e 2000 indicam uma relação negativa entre investimentos em educação e a distância rodoviária até a capital - usada como proxy dos custos de emigração - para o período posterior à fundação de Palmas e uma relação nula para o período anterior. As evidências são interpretadas como favoráveis à existência do brain effect, uma vez que o aumento na escolaridade foi maior para os indivíduos que mais se beneficiaram com a construção da capital.
The Economic literature which studies migration has always been concerned about its impact on welfare. Two different lines of research in this field focus on impacts of immigration and brain drain. The two articles which comprise the thesis are related to these subjects. Although Roy s model claims that emigrants are negatively self- selected if the rate of return is higher in the origin economy, empirical works have found positively selected emigrants. The first article uses a model to argue that both investments in education and the decision to emmigrate depend on wealth if credit markets are imperfect. This argument allows us to explain the controversy between the theoretical and empirical literature as well as why the middle-class is the most mobile one in some countries. The second part of the thesis is directly related to the beneficial brain drain literature. Works in this field claim that the possibility for an educated worker of emmigrating to another country in which skilled labor is better paid raises the rate of return to education in the origin country and consequently the investments in human capital. The article uses as an experiment the creation of Palmas, a state capital in Brazil, to investigate this hypothesis. The empirical results obtained from microdata evidence a negative relation between investments in human capital and the distance to the capital-used as a proxy to emmigration costs-in the period after the creation of the capital and no relation in the period before. Those findings are interpretated as favorable to the brain effect hypothesis, once the increase in education was greater for individuals who benefited the most from the foundation of the capital.

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Ng, Kwok-keung Zachary, and 吳國強. "Students' self selection of assignment and its effect on attitude and motivation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956683.

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Ng, Kwok-keung Zachary. "Students' self selection of assignment and its effect on attitude and motivation." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13570389.

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Emmerson, Derek Alan. "The effect of protein and energy self-selection on the reproductive performance of turkey hens." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53166.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary self-selection of protein and energy on the reproductive performance of Large White turkey hens. The first study examined the effect of self-selection on reproductive performance during a production cycle that started in July and ended in December. Hens were maintained on one of two dietary regimes for a 20-week production cycle. Control birds were fed a conventional diet (18% crude protein, 2700 kcal/kg) which contained nutrients at levels recommended by the National Research Council (NRC, 1984). The remaining hens were allowed to select their diet from two feed sources: one relatively high in protein and low in energy (35% crude protein, 1850 kcal/kg) and the other relatively low in protein and high in energy (8% crude protein, 3220 kcal/kg). Hens fed the split diet produced an equal number of eggs as control hens but consumed significantly less feed (p≤.05). The diet that was selected contained approximately 40% less protein than the control diet (p≤.001) which resulted in significantly increased efficiency of protein utilization (eggs/kg protein) for hens fed the split-diet (p≤.001). In addition, the incidence of broodiness was significantly reduced in the split-diet treatment (p≤.10). Egg weight, fertility, hatchability and hatch of fertile eggs were not significantly effected by the dietary regimes. There was significantly greater body weight loss in hens fed the split-diet (p≤.05). Increasing trends in feed, energy, and protein consumptions were noted over the course of production. For this reason a second experiment was conducted to determine if these trends were the result of seasonal affects, due to changing ambient temperatures, or the result of changes in nutrient requirements of the turkey hen occurring with different stages of production. The second experiment was similar to Experiment 1 except that the production period started in March and ended in July. As in the first experiment, egg production was equal for hens in the two treatment groups. Feed intake and energy intake were not significantly different for hens fed the split and complete diets. However, as in the previous experiment, protein intake was significantly reduced in the split-diet treatment (p≤.001). The incidence of broodiness was again attenuated among split-fed birds (p≤.10). Average daily feed and energy intake appeared to decrease over the course of production which was presumed to be related to increasing ambient temperatures. As in the previous experiment, protein intake increased over the course of production despite increasing environmental temperatures. Therefore, the increased protein selection noted in these two experiments does not seem to be related to hot weather and may indicate an increased protein requirement in the later stages of egg production. Based on the finding that the incidence of broodiness was reduced among hens fed the split-diet, blood sera from hens in both experiments were analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL). Although the incidence of broodiness was significantly reduced among birds fed the split-diet, there was no significant difference in serum LH and PRL concentrations. Therefore, the reduction in the incidence of broodiness that was noted in these experiments was not correlated with changes in the blood concentration of these hormones.
Master of Science

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Zhou, Yining. "Disappointment as an effect of curiosity and political apathy: modernation of self-efficacy and mediation of media selection." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/172.

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The study adopts Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory as the framework to test antecedents and consequences in using fanqiang (bypassing Internet censorship) as an alternative medium along with accessible Internet, TV, newspaper and radio as mainstream media in a Chinese context. By online between-group experimentation (N = 132 in the experimental group, N = 127 in the control group), the study shows that curiosity about forbidden political content and political apathy predict fanqiang and most accessible media use tendencies. Moderation effects exist between curiosity and self-efficacy in predicting fanqiang tendencies. Disappointment as an emotional effect is directly related to curiosity and political apathy, where the mediation effects of media use tendencies are not salient. Explicit Internet censorship increases curiosity about forbidden political content and decreases the dimension of lack of interest in political apathy. However, it does not change accessible media use tendencies and disappointment levels. Still, participants show fewer of fanqiang tendencies than with accessible media, except radio. The results highlight the cognitive roots of motivations and emotional constructs as a part of gratification in U&G research, that self-efficacy as a necessary requirement for curiosity to drive media use, and that information attributes can change motivations. We urge future scholars to build broader explications of political apathy when applied to different societies, to try diverse methods like experimentation in U&G research, and to adopt a sociopsychological approach when studying the influences and effectiveness of Internet censorship.

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Sendikici, Serap. "The Effect Of Cinematherapy On Self-perception Among Adolescents: Applications In Clinical And Non-clinical Samples." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613024/index.pdf.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cinematherapy and its interaction with subjective well-being levels on self-perception and its dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to select cinematherapy movies in accordance with self-perception dimensions, and their therapeutic functions. Moreover, the role of cognitive-emotional identification beside similarity identification was investigated. Three conditions were constructed by clinical and non-clinical samples consisted of 34 participants aged between 15 and 18. Clinical cinematherapy condition was composed of 10 out-patient psychiatric participants, and 24 high school students were assigned to non-clinical cinematherapy and control conditions. Cinematherapy conditions received 3-session cinematherapy intervention in which viewing and elaboration of cinematherapy movies took place. Control condition watched episodes of a documentary with no elaboration part. According to results, in pre-treatment measures, clinical sample had more negative self-perception and self-concept scores in scholastic competence, physical appearance, and global self-worth than non-clinical sample. Additionally, clinical sample had lower levels of subjective well-being than non-clinical sample. As a result of cinematherapy application, athletic competence positively changed in non-clinical sample. Besides, cinematherapy positively affected self-perceptions of participants with low levels of subjective well-being in clinical sample. For participants with low subjective well-being levels in non-clinical cinematherapy condition, athletic competence increased while global self-worth decreased. According to identification results, cinematherapy conditions had higher similarity identification scores than control condition and non-clinical cinematherapy condition had higher fictional involvement scores than clinical cinematherapy condition. The applications and findings were discussed in terms of sample characteristics and cinematherapy procedures.

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Casals, Rodolfo. "The effect of the summer training program on midshipmen career choice at the United States Naval Academy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1695.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Summer Training Program (STP) on vocational development of midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. To test this a sample of 615 first-class midshipmen and 615 second-class midshipmen from the classes of 2002-2004 completed a survey regarding their experiences on summer cruise. Survey answers were grouped into several factors derived from a review of the literature in vocational psychology. The relationship between these factors and their final warfare community preferences were analyzed using several cross-tabulations, univariate tests and multivariate models. Cross-tabulations showed that only 25% of midshipmen change their warfare community preference during the last two years at the Academy. Independent Pearson Correlation (r) showed the affect of each of the different factors on warfare community selection. Of the different variables identified: gender, academic major, running-mate qualification/experience, and ship morale were found to have an impact on the desire to select surface warfare at the conclusion of the summer training experience. The multivariate models (logit) verified that the above variables were significant in determining the choice of warfare community and also showed that observed ship morale was the dominant factor above all others in helping to form career interests.
Lieutenant, United States Navy

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Meyer, Michael, Michaela Neumayr, and Paul Rameder. "Students' Community Service: Self-Selection and the Effects of Participation." SAGE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019848492.

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Numerous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of university-based community service programs on students' personal, social, ethical, and academic domains. These effects depend on both, the characteristics of students enrolled and the characteristics of the programs, for instance whether they are voluntary or mandatory. Our study investigates whether effects of voluntary service programs are indeed caused by the service experience or by prior self-selection. Using data from a pre-post quasi-experimental design conducted at a public university in Europe and taking students' socioeconomic background into account, our findings on self-efficacy, generalized trust, empathic concern, and attributions for poverty show that there are no participation effects. Instead, students who join in community service differ significantly from nonparticipants with regard to almost all investigated domains a priori, indicating strong self-selection. Our results underline the importance of structured group reflection, most notably with regard to attitude-related topics.

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Poletti, Patrick David. "The Effect of Dynamic Kinetic Selection on an Evolving Ribozyme Population." Thesis, Portland State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422098.

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Dynamic Kinetic Selection (DKS) suggests that kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, stability will dictate the composition of a replicating population of biomolecules. Here, the results obtained from a series of five related reactions involving gradually increasing percentages of randomly-mutated substrate fragments to generate variants of full-length Azoarcus group I intron through an autocatalytic self-assembly reaction involving a series of recombination events, showed DKS as a driving factor in dictating the population composition of full-length product assembled from substrates that had fewer positions available to randomization.

In trying to elucidate a plausible scheme for the origins of complex biomolecules on the prebiotic Earth, the suggestion that networks comprised of interacting molecules were more likely to evolve into biomolecules capable of obtaining and sustaining characteristics attributed to living molecules has gained traction within the past few years. Of specific interest is the catalytic efficacy of ribozymes whose genotypes require that they interact with molecules of the same genotype (selfish systems) to be effective catalysts versus those that are more effective when accomplishing catalysis by cooperating with ribozymes of a different genotype (cooperative systems). Here, the Azoarcus I ribozyme was used to compare these two types of system. Both systems were shown to robustly produce full-length product. Two different methods of introducing random mutations into substrate fragments for the reactions described in this thesis were employed. The differences in the preparation methods for the substrates was not expected to have an impact on the nature of the full-length product. However, there was no correlation between the positions that tended to be more tolerant of accepting random mutations between the products arising from the two preparation methods. One preparation method yielded full-length ribozymes more consistent with the secondary structure of the wild-type ribozyme and followed substitution patterns found in in vivo nucleic acid substitutions, whereas the other method provided full-length ribozymes that tolerated mutations that would be expected to greatly affect the secondary structure of the ribozyme and those positions tended to mutate evenly to any of the three possible alternative nucleobases.

Point mutations introduced into ribozyme substrate fragments may have a deleterious, neutral, or beneficial effect, depending on their impact on the catalytic capability of the molecule vis-á-vis the effect, if any, the change has to the secondary and tertiary structure of the ribozyme. In this dissertation, the results of two series of point mutation reactions are addressed. The first set showed a point mutation to have a deleterious effect, whereas concerted mutations did not significantly affect activity of the ribozyme. The second series of reactions involved point mutations at a position that had previously been determined to be highly tolerant of random mutations. Results suggested that substitutions at this position had a minimal impact on ribozyme activity.

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Fluegge, Kyle. "Effects of Patient Self-Selection on Costs to Treat Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388665018.

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Morley, Jacoba Lena. "The effects of gender, self-esteem, age, and relationship on compliance-gaining strategy selection." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/553.

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One goal of communicating with others can be to gain their compliance, essentially to get someone else to do what we want them to do. The techniques used and communicative messages chosen to accomplish this goal can vary widely. This study investigated the effects of gender, self-esteem, age, and relationship on compliancegaining strategy selection. Two hypotheses and three research ·questions were addressed in this study. Hypothesis One predicted males would be more likely to select anti-social compliance-gaining strategies in a social setting when trying to influence other males and pro-social compliance strategies when trying to influence females. Hypothesis Two predicted women will select more pro-social compliance-gaining strategies in social settings with both males and females. Three research questions examined the effect of interactant age, relationship (interpersonal or noninterpersonal) and self-esteem on the selection of compliance gaining strategies. The total sample size was 161 college students drawn from a medium-sized, private university in the western United States. Students were enrolled in one of four communication courses. A factor analysis was first employed to reduce the Weisman and Schenk-Hamlin Compliance Gaining typology into pro- and anti-social strategies, so that Hypothesis One could be addressed. However, after the analysis showed that the thirteen strategies used did not fall into two discrete categories as originally anticipated, a t-test was used to evaluate each strategy individually. An analysis of variance was used to determine interaction effects among gender, age, self:esteem, and compliance-gaining strategy. At-test was employed for analysis ofhypothesis two to determine gender differences in strategy selection. All research questions utilized regression analysis to determine the existence of a relationship between the individual variables of age, relationship, and self-esteem on compliancegaining strategy. Results for Hypothesis One showed no significant difference in male research participants' selection of compliance-gaining strategies for both male and female targets. Results for Hypothesis Two indicated female research participants used the 'allurement' strategy more than males with both male and female targets. No significant difference in strategy usage for the remaining 12 strategies resulted. Results for the three research questions showed significant interaction effects for the strategies of ingratiation, promise, allurement, aversive stimulation, threat, altruism, and hinting.

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Yonce, Clayton. "REJECTION IN THE JOB SELECTION PROCESS: THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION & SENSITIVITY." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4319.

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Most people will experience rejection in the job selection process. Rejection from job opportunities is often issued via a letter from a hiring manager. These letters elicit reactions from applicants who may, in turn, have less favorable self perceptions and less favorable perceptions of the organization from which the applicant was rejected. Numerous research articles have been published that deal with delivering notification of selection and/or rejection to applicants in the job selection process. However, relatively few use a realistic laboratory design to obtain results. This study examined the effects of sensitivity and information in notifications of rejection when applicants are rejected in the job selection process. A more realistic laboratory design was used to increase the psychological fidelity of the job selection situation. One hundred forty undergraduate students participated in this study. Participants were told to imagine that they were graduate school applicants. Then, the participants completed a fake graduate school admissions test and received notification of rejection from a fake graduate school. Participants were assigned to conditions (letters varying in sensitivity and information type) randomly and the participants completed a post-notification of rejection survey that captured their self and organizational perceptions. Additionally, moderating variables were explored.
M.S.
Department of Psychology
Arts and Sciences
Psychology

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Filer, Kimberly L. "Understanding the Leaking Pipeline: The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Student Choice on High School Mathematics Preparation and STEM Matriculation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27684.

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This study examines social structural effects on student mathematics preparation and identification with a science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) field, as well as the social psychological factors that may mediate those effects. Using demographic, academic, attitudinal, and school policy data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS: 2002) for over 14,000 students from a nationally representative sample, this research tests a model of mathematics course taking and selection of a STEM field linking social identity and self processes with academic decision making. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between the latent and observed variables, specifically examining mathematics self-efficacy and social support variables and how they mediate the effects of background variables and prior mathematics achievement on mathematics course taking and subsequent choice of a STEM major, the initial model tests the use of advanced mathematics course taking as a proxy to a college major in a STEM field. This study further develops a second model linking social identity and mathematics course taking using the nested structure of the data to consider the role of school grouping policies on mathematics course taking. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is employed to measure the effects of individual socio-economic level, race, gender, and coping resources within schools with different course selection and ability grouping policies on high school mathematics course taking. The results of structural equation modeling supported most formulations of the conceptual model and showed significant effect of coping resources on mathematics course taking and subsequent STEM matriculation. Furthermore, females showed lower mathematics self-efficacy and were less likely to enter a STEM field of study than males although they experienced higher levels of social support and math course taking. Findings from the hierarchical linear models suggested that students’ mathematics course taking was related to coping variables, but it varied by course enrollment policy at the school level. The effects of school policy were not consistent across racial groups. The study had both theoretical and practical significance, providing insights for increased diversity in STEM majors as well as policy implications at the high school level.
Ph. D.

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Luong, Tran (Kate). "The Drive to Be Better: The Role of the Self-Improvement Motive on Media Selection, Processing, and Effects." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159491690119515.

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Ariel, Robert. "Learning what to learn: The effects of task experience on strategy shifts in the allocation of study time." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342123497.

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Sauer, Jan [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Promoting organizational citizenship behavior: effects of online self-disclosure in the context of employee selection and virtual leadership / Jan Sauer. Betreuer: Peter Fischer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1085553698/34.

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Kichuk, Susan L. "The effect of general cognitive ability, teamwork KSA's, and the "Big Five" personality factors on the performance of engineering design teams : implications for the selection of teams /." *McMaster only, 1996.

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Repasky, Tomas [Verfasser], Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Werwatz, Axel [Gutachter] Werwatz, and Christian F. [Gutachter] Durach. "Estimating causal effects by utilizing exogenous variation to limit the self-selection problem / Tomas Repasky ; Gutachter: Axel Werwatz, Christian F. Durach ; Betreuer: Axel Werwatz." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231908335/34.

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Van, Roy Patrick. "Essays on the economics of banking and the prudential regulation of banks." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210882.

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This thesis consists of four independent chapters on bank capital regulation and the issue of unsolicited ratings.

The first chapter is introductory and reviews the motivation for regulating banks and credit rating agencies while providing a detailed overview of the thesis.

The second chapter uses a simultaneous equations model to analyze how banks from six G10 countries adjusted their capital to assets ratios and risk-weighted assets to assets ratio between 1988 and 1995, i.e. just after passage of the 1988 Basel Accord. The results suggest that regulatory pressure brought about by the 1988 capital standards had little effect on both ratios for weakly capitalized banks, except in the US. In addition, the relation between the capital to assets ratios and the risk-weighted assets to assets ratio appears to depend not only on the level of capitalization of banks, but also on the countries or groups of countries considered.

The third chapter provides Monte Carlo estimates of the amount of regulatory capital that EMU banks must hold for their corporate, bank, and sovereign exposures both under Basel I and the standardized approach to credit risk in Basel II. In the latter case, Monte Carlo estimates are presented for different combinations of external credit assessment institutions (ECAIs) that banks may choose to risk weight their exposures. Three main results emerge from the analysis. First, although the use of different ECAIs leads to significant differences in minimum capital requirements, these differences never exceed, on average, 10% of EMU banks’ capital requirements for corporate, bank, and sovereign exposures. Second, the standardized approach to credit risk provides a small regulatory capital incentive for banks to use several ECAIs to risk weight their exposures. Third, the minimum capital requirements for the corporate, bank, and sovereign exposures of EMU banks will be higher in Basel II than in Basel I. I also show that the incentive for banks to engage in regulatory arbitrage in the standardized approach to credit risk is limited.

The fourth and final chapter analyses the effect of soliciting a rating on the rating outcome of banks. Using a sample of Asian banks rated by Fitch Ratings, I find evidence that unsolicited ratings tend to be lower than solicited ones, after accounting for differences in observed bank characteristics. This downward bias does not seem to be explained by the fact that better-quality banks self-select into the solicited group. Rather, unsolicited ratings appear to be lower because they are based on public information. As a result, they tend to be more conservative than solicited ratings, which incorporate both public and non-public information.

Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bäckström, Peter. "Essays on military labour supply in the era of voluntary recruitment." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167166.

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This thesis consists of an introductory part and two self-contained chapters related to the supply of volunteers to the Swedish Armed Forces. Chapter [I] represents the first effort to explore the relationship between civilian labour market conditions and the supply of labour to the military in the all-volunteer environment that Sweden entered after the abolishment of the peacetime draft in 2010. The effect of civilian unemployment on the rate of applications from individuals aged 18 to 25 to initiate basic military training is investigated using panel data on Swedish counties for the years 2011 through 2015. A linear fixed-effects model is estimated to investigate the relationship, while controlling for a range of socio-demographic covariates and unobserved heterogeneity on the regional level, as well as aggregate trends on the national level. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between the unemployment rate and the application rate. The results are robust to non-linear form specifications, as well as allowing the civilian unemployment rate to be endogenous. As such, the results suggest that the civilian labour market environment in Sweden can give rise to non-trivial fluctuations in the supply of applications to initiate basic military training within the Swedish Armed Forces. Chapter [II] studies how local labour market conditions influence the quality composition of those who volunteer for military service in Sweden. A fixed-effects regression model is estimated on a panel data set containing IQ scores for those who applied for military basic training across Swedish municipalities during the period 2010 to 2016. The main finding is that low civilian employment rates at the local level tend to increase the mean IQ score of those who volunteer for military service, whereas the opposite is true if employment rates in the civilian labour market move in a more favourable direction. As such, the results suggest that the negative impact of a strong civilian economy on recruitment volumes is reinforced by a deterioration in recruit quality.

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Zeydanli, Tugba. "Essays on subjective Well-Being." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010030.

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Pas de résumé disponible
This dissertation consists of three essays on subjective well-being.The first essay examines whether aggregate job satisfaction in a certain labormarket environment can have an impact on individual-level job satisfaction.We seek an answer to this question using two different datasets from the UnitedKingdom characterizing two different labor market environments: WorkplaceEmployment Relations Survey (WERS) at the workplace level (i.e., narrowlydefined worker groups) and British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) at thelocal labor market level (i.e., larger worker groups defined in industry × regioncells). Implementing an original empirical strategy to identify spillover effects,we find that one standard deviation increase in aggregate job satisfaction leadsto a 0.42 standard deviation increase in individual-level job satisfaction at theworkplace level and 0.15 standard deviation increase in individual-level jobsatisfaction at the local labor market level. These social interactions effectsiiiare sizable and should not be ignored in assessing the effectiveness of thepolicies designed to improve job satisfaction.Individuals tend to self-report higher subjective well-being levels on certaindays of the weeks than they do on the remaining days, controlling for observedvariation. The second essay tests whether this empirical observation suffersfrom selection bias by using the 2008 release of the British Household PanelSurvey. In other words, we examine if subjective well-being is correlated withunobserved characteristics that lead the individuals to take the interview onspecific days of the week. We focus on two distinct well-being measures: jobsatisfaction and happiness. We provide convincing evidence for both of thesemeasures that the interviews are not randomly distributed across the days ofthe week. In other words, individuals with certain unobserved characteristicstend to take the interviews selectively. We conclude that a considerable partof the day-of-the-week patterns can be explained by a standard “non-randomsorting on unobservables” argument rather than “mood fluctuations”. Thismeans that the day-of-the-week estimates reported in the literature are likelyto be biased and should be treated cautiously.In Sub-Saharan Africa, some scholars identify ethnicity as a cause of instability and poor economic growth, which is due to worse public policies. Eifert,Miguel, and Posner (2010) show that ethnic identification is more prominentduring competitive election periods in comparison to other identifying categories such as gender, religion, and class/occupation. The third essay utilizesdata from 12 Sub-Saharan African countries and over 40,000 respondents takenivfrom the Afrobarometer. It asks if individual subjective well-being changes inthe run up to competitive elections. We find strong evidence that individualsubjective well-being does change. It is positively related to the proximity toan election and this proximity effect depends on the competitiveness of theelection. We further investigate the background mechanisms behind this positive relationship i.e.: to what extent does well-being of the individual change ifthe party that the individual supports wins the election, and is there a changein well-being of the individual before and after the election? In addition, wedocument that ethnic identification also has a positive impact on individualwell-being after controlling for electoral cycle variables. Policy makers shouldinternalize these positive externalities driven from politically-induced ethnicidentification

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Ku, Huei Chen, and 顧慧貞. "The influence of compensation scheme,framing effect and self- selection." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78707712000969570104.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
會計學系
85
The Impact of Compensation scheme, Self-Selection, and Framing on PerformanceStudent:Huei-Chen Ku Advisor:Rong-Ruey Duh, Dr. Since compensation scheme plays an important role in the field ofresearch and business, its impact on performance is contradictory. Theobjective of this thesis is to find out the impact of compensation onperformance in different situations. The type of compensation scheme affects not only workers'' effect,but also their self-selection among employment settings, and throughthese, job performance. A laboratory experiment yields the followingresults:among subjects with assigned treatments, the type ofcompensation scheme has insignificant effect on performance. Whensubjects are permitted to choose compensation schemes, theirperformance don''t improve significantly. Framing has significantimpact on performance. The performance of subjects who are assignedto bonus compensation scheme are better than those of subjects who areassigned to penalty compensation scheme. When subjects are able toselect compensation scheme among different frames, they prefer bonusscheme to penalty scheme.

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23

KAO, CHUN-TZU, and 高君慈. "The Effect of Self-Selection of Auditors on Audit Fees." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97908413192634562939.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
會計學系
95
Audit fees have been partially publicly disclosed in Taiwan since 2002. Prior 2002, most of the researches were based on survey information to examine audit fees’ researches in Taiwan. Besides, there is still no consistent empirical evidence whether there is a name-brand premium on Taiwan’s audit market. Following Chaney et al. (2004), we use the two-stage procedure proposed by Heckman (1979) to examine whether self-selection of auditors would affect audit pricing and to investigate whether clients firms choosing name-brand auditors would have pay higher fees. Research samples are collected from Taiwanese publicly traded companies from 2002 to 2005. The empirical result indicates that clients are not randomly allocated across Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors. Using standard OLS regressions, we document a Big 4 premium; however this premium vanishes once we control for self-selection bias. This study argues that the inconsistent results of prior researches in Taiwan of a Big 4 premium in pricing are brought by the lacking of consideration on self-selection of auditors. Furthermore, this study considers the role of clients’ bargaining power in the audit pricing process and finds that only smaller client firms choosing name-brand auditors would have faced higher audit fees.

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24

TSAI, MI-HSUAN, and 蔡宓璇. "The Effect of Media Coverage on Information Content of Filing Annual Financial Reports – The Consideration of Self-Selection Bias." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c6ckqa.

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碩士
東海大學
會計學系
106
This study examines the effect of media coverage on the information content of filing annual financial reports by considering the bias arising from self-selection. Regulators requires listed firms to report financial reports on the Market Observation Post System (MOPS) within the deadline. However, if investors do not pay attention to the information, they cannot be impounded into price. Recent studies suggest that the media coverage could attract investors’ attention and improve the information content of financial reports. However, recent studies also suggest that if the issue arising from self-selection was not be considered, and the results could be biased. This study collects filling dates of annual financial reports from 2013 to 2015 on the MOPS and media coverage data on the filing from media databases. In addition, this study considers the self-selection problem using the two-stage method suggested by Michaely et al. (2016). The results are as follows: (1) Company's annual financial report has media reports that will increase investors' attention to unexpected earnings and are not subjected to self-selection biases. (2) The results from the number of media reports is consistent with the empirical results if a media coverage dummy is used. (3)The results is remained if firm fixed effect model is used.

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25

Lien, Chun-Kai, and 連俊凱. "The Impact of Board Government on Investment Decision and Performance: Considering the Effect of Prior Performance and Self-Selection Bias." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98948906579470933414.

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碩士
清雲科技大學
財務金融所
100
This study aims to explore the effect of performance feedback on investment decision under board government. A firm’s investment decision is not made at a random, but is mangers to self-select into their preferred strategies. In other words, there is a potential of self-selection bias in investment decision. If the self-selection bias is not taken into account then any conclusions drawn may be invalid. Hence, this study controls self-selection bias via Heckman’s two-stage decision model. The first stage, this study utilizes a Probit model to examine a firm’s board government how to influence its investment decision for 1914 samples of publicly traded electronics industry. And the inverse Mills ratio that corrects for self-selection matters in the second stage OLS regression. The empirical results of the first stage, this study found that there is a negatively relationship between the CEO duality, board size and directors'' ownership and increase investment when performance below their goals. The second stage, this study found that there is a positive relationship between firm’s investment and performance when the self-selection bias has been controlled.

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26

Lin, Faqin. "Export premium, productivity, trade openness and wage inequality in China : empirical evidence from firm-level data." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/79427.

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This thesis uses Chinese firm-level data to investigate the relationships between the export premium, firm productivity and wage inequality. Using Chinese annual survey data for all state-owned firms and other non-state-owned firms with sales on mainland China over 5 million RMB, the author finds that there is a series of premiums for exporters compared with non-exporters. On average, exporters pay higher wages, produce more, sell more, add more value, employ more labour, have higher capital intensity, and have higher productivity (based on 1999-2003 data). Firms with relatively high export values will also be relatively more productive. Quantile results show that the premium decreases with the increase of the quantile. In addition, the export premium declines over time and across the industries, provinces and ownership types, and the higher the export intensity, the lower the export premium. The thesis further investigates the question: what determines the export premium – the selection effect or learning-by-exporting effect? First, the author uses the Olley and Pakes (1996) method to control both selection and simultaneity bias to estimate the reliable firm productivity. Then the author tests the self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects both parametrically and non-parametrically. The author finds both strong self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects at the aggregate level. The higher the productivity the firm has today, the easier for the firm to export tomorrow. The learning-by-exporting effect is the most significant in the second yearafter exporting. However, at the more disaggregated level, no significant learning effect is found within sectors and within middle and western provinces. A significant learning effect is found in eastern provinces. The learning-by-exporting effect across different ownership types is not robust to different testing methods. In addition, the author uses Chinese privately-owned firm-level survey data to investigate the heterogeneous export premium associated with different levels of trade. Firms engaged in international trade have higher premiums than firms which trade only across province borders. Firms which trade across province borders have higher premiums than firms that only trade within their province. Furthermore, export premium deviation between international trade and interprovincial trade is much smaller compared with the export premium deviation between interprovincial trade and inter-county trade. This finding implies that compared with the inter-county premium, the premium at interprovincial level is similar to the premium at the international level (though the former is actually less than the latter). The export premium caused by the self-selection effect can reflect the trade cost and it tells that trading goods across provincial borders within China is as onerous as crossing national borders. The next question to consider is whether engaging in international trade causes the wage inequality between firms to increase? To find out the answer, the author adopts a two-stage estimation strategy to study the effect of international trade on wage inequality. The first stage uses the Chinese annual survey firm-level data to calculate the wage inequality indexes—Gini and Theil of each province; as well as two dimensions of trade openness—intensive margin and extensive margin of each province. The second stage uses the panel data to study the impacts of trade margins on wage inequality between provinces. The results show that the variation of trade openness itself can explain nearly 70 percent of variation of wage inequality across China’s provinces and the extensive margin has a larger impact on increasing wage inequality than the intensive margin. Instrumental variable (IV) regression results imply that with one unit of increase in trade openness, the intensive margin increases wage inequality by nearly one unit and the extensive margin increases wage inequality by 1.2 to 1.3 units.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2012

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27

Malani, Anup. "Placebo effects, self-selection and the external validity of clinical trials /." 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3097180.

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Hung, Sheng-Min, and 洪聖閔. "The Effects of Audit Selection and Usage of CPA Attestation on Tax Evasions: A Self-selection Analysis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89123182670447593455.

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碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
93
This study uses the business income tax dada in Taiwan to empirically examine the relationships between audit selection, tax evasion, and the usage of CPA-attestation. Tobit model with self-selection is used in this study. Empirical results provide evidence that tax agencies in Taiwan employ a systematic audit selection process, subject to the constraints of audit budgets. Additionally, firms using CPA-attestation are less likely to be selected for audit. The results also provide evidence that some important characteristics of firms, such as size, financial position, profitability, and the usage of CPA-attestation, may influence the amount of tax evasion. Finally, we find that the effect of CPA-attestation on tax evasion may vary with different sizes of firms using CPA-attestation. Hence, the policy and tax regulations associated with the usage of CPA-attestation may need to be re-evaluated.

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29

Ackerman, Jeffrey M. "Delinquents and their friends the role of peer effects and self-selection /." 2003. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3.

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30

Rakotoarison, Lova Miarantsoa. "The relationship between personal knowledge management and individual work performance: the moderating effect of self-perceived employability." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26714.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Commerce in Management, 2018
This study sought to contribute to a further convergence between three topical research areas: Personal Knowledge Management (PKM), Individual Work Performance (IWP) and SelfPerceived Employability (SPE). Specifically, this study investigated the moderating effect of SPE on the relationship between PKM and IWP. PKM is an interdisciplinary concept, connected with management science, information science; information technology and other disciplines. The shift from the industrial economy to the knowledge economy has contributed to the surfacing of the knowledge-based view of the organisations and the emergence of the concept of knowledge workers or “people who think for a living” (Davenport, 2005). Knowledge workers are individuals who possess or seek to develop unique cognitive competencies and skills built upon effective PKM. While it has been acknowledged in the literature that PKM encompasses a competency aspect on the one hand and a technological perspective on the other hand, the overall reflection conducted in this study claimed to be skills/competencies centric. In that regard, a competency model developed by Kirby (2005, 2008) comprising of four-fold dimensions was used in this study to measure PKM. These four dimensions include analytical competencies (ANL), social competencies (SOC), information competencies (INF) and learning competencies (LRN). The construct of IWP relates to the individual behaviours or actions displayed by knowledge workers which are relevant to the goals of the organisation. This implies that IWP focuses on behaviours or actions of workers rather than the results of these actions. In addition, these behaviours should be under the control of the individual, thus excluding behaviours that are constrained by the environment. IWP was measured using the three components relevant to the IWP namely task performance (TSK), contextual performance (CON) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Employability concerns the extent to which people possess the skills and other attributes to find and stay in the kind of work they want. Such individuals are assumed to display a greater propensity to IWP. SPE is relating to a self-assessment of the employees as to how the organisation they are working for value them as individuals. Most importantly, SPE is associated with v individuals’ self-perception of their merit based more on their personal competencies than features of their occupation. Through a review of relevant literature this study discussed how PKM impacts IWP, and how SPE can potentially impact that relationship. This study used a sample of working professional students studying at Wits Plus (the University of the Witwatersrand’s centre for part-time studies), Wits Business School and Wits School of Governance and will perform Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and hierarchical regression for data analysis.
XL2019

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31

Galarza, Laura. "On the accuracy of detecting deception in selection interviews: The effects of applicant rehearsal, applicant job interest, and self-monitoring." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/14105.

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The present study examines the effect of rehearsal, job interest, and self-monitoring on judges' accuracy to detect deception in selection interviews. The study also investigated the effect of those independent variables on judges' accuracy in assessing applicants' personality and self-reported qualifications. Subjects participating as applicants in mock job interviews were randomly assigned to rehearsal and interest conditions. These "applicants" were interviewed for jobs they liked or disliked and either rehearsed or filled out a distracter questionnaire. Subjects at a different university watched videotapes of applicants and rated their honesty, personality, and qualifications. As predicted, judges assigned more positive ratings to applicants who rehearsed than to applicants who did not rehearse. Contrary to predictions, applicant rehearsal tended to have a beneficial effect on judges' detection of applicant deception, personality, and qualifications. Applicant self-monitoring and judges' gender also affected judges' accuracy. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed.

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32

Zeydanli, Tugba. "Essays on subjective Well-Being." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21991.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on subjective well-being. The first essay examines whether aggregate job satisfaction in a certain labor market environment can have an impact on individual-level job satisfaction. We seek an answer to this question using two different datasets from the United Kingdom characterizing two diferent labor market environments: Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) at the workplace level (i.e., narrowly defined worker groups) and British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) at the local labor market level (i.e., larger worker groups defined in industry X region cells). Implementing an original empirical strategy to identify spillover effects, we find that one standard deviation increase in aggregate job satisfaction leads to a 0.42 standard deviation increase in individual-level job satisfaction at the workplace level and 0.15 standard deviation increase in individual-level job satisfaction at the local labor market level. These social interactions effects are sizable and should not be ignored in assessing the effectiveness of the policies designed to improve job satisfaction. Individuals tend to self-report higher subjective well-being levels on certain days of the weeks than they do on the remaining days, controlling for observed variation. The second essay tests whether this empirical observation suffers from selection bias by using the 2008 release of the British Household Panel Survey. In other words, we examine if subjective well-being is correlated with unobserved characteristics that lead the individuals to take the interview on specific days of the week. We focus on two distinct well-being measures: job satisfaction and happiness. We provide convincing evidence for both of these measures that the interviews are not randomly distributed across the days of the week. In other words, individuals with certain unobserved characteristics tend to take the interviews selectively. We conclude that a considerable part of the day-of-the-week patterns can be explained by a standard "non-random sorting on unobservables" argument rather than "mood fluctuations". This means that the day-of-the-week estimates reported in the literature are likely to be biased and should be treated cautiously. In Sub-Saharan Africa, some scholars identify ethnicity as a cause of instability and poor economic growth, which is due to worse public policies. Eifert, Miguel, and Posner (2010) show that ethnic identification is more prominent during competitive election periods in comparison to other identifying categories such as gender, religion, and class/occupation. The third essay utilizes data from 12 Sub-Saharan African countries and over 40,000 respondents taken from the Afrobarometer. It asks if individual subjective well-being changes in the run up to competitive elections. We find strong evidence that individual subjective well-being does change. It is positively related to the proximity to an election and this proximity effect depends on the competitiveness of the election. We further investigate the background mechanisms behind this positive relationship i.e.: to what extent does well-being of the individual change if the party that the individual supports wins the election, and is there a change in well-being of the individual before and after the election? In addition, we document that ethnic identification also has a positive impact on individual well-being after controlling for electoral cycle variables. Policy makers should internalize these positive externalities driven from politically-induced ethnic identification.

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33

Matson, Liana M. "Investigating reactivity to incentive downshift as a correlated response to selection for high alcohol preference and a determinant of rash action and alcohol consumption." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5964.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Losing a job or a significant other are examples of incentive shifts that result in negative emotional reactions. The occurrence of negative life events is associated with increased drinking, and alleviation of negative emotions has been cited as a drinking motive for individuals with problematic drinking patterns (Keyes et al., 2011; Adams et al., 2012). Further, there is evidence that certain genotypes drink alcohol in response to stressful negative life events (Blomeyer et al., 2008; Covault et al., 2007). It is possible that shared genetic factors contribute to both alcohol drinking and emotional reactivity, but there is a critical need for this relationship to be understood. The first aim of this proposal will use an incentive downshift paradigm to address whether emotional reactivity is elevated in mice predisposed to drink alcohol. The second aim of this proposal will address if reactivity to an incentive shift can result in rash action using a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding task, and whether this response is also associated with a predisposition for high drinking. The third aim of this proposal will investigate if experimenter administered ethanol reduces contrast effects, and if an incentive shift increases ethanol consumption in a high drinking line. The overall goal of this proposal is to investigate whether reactivity to incentive shift is an important mechanism underlying alcohol drinking in these mice, and the role an incentive shift may play in producing rash action and influencing ethanol consumption.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Self-selection effect'

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