Relevant bibliographies by topics / Self-selection effect

Academic literature on the topic 'Self-selection effect'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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Burdett, A. N. "Open Access: The Self-Selection Effect." Science 325, no. 5938 (July 16, 2009): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.325_266b.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela. "Time Squeeze, Partner Effect or Self-Selection?" Demographic Research 7 (July 4, 2002): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2002.7.2.

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Bolton Holz, Kenna, and Eleni Pinnow. "Self-Selection Effects in Service-Learning." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 15, no. 6 (December 8, 2015): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i6.18912.

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This study directly examines the possibility of pre-existing differences between undergraduate students who choose to take service-learning classes compared to those who do not. Foremost among the findings, on most measures there was no significant effect of self-selection. However, students who chose a hypothetical course with a service-learning component reported higher civic responsibility and civic action scores, and reported lower socioeconomic status and greater enjoyment of past service learning than those who chose the hypothetical course without the service-learning component. Challenges and opportunities related to random assignment within service-learning research are discussed.
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Pastoriza, David, Inés Alegre, and Miguel A. Canela. "Conditioning the effect of prize on tournament self-selection." Journal of Economic Psychology 86 (October 2021): 102414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2021.102414.

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James, Harvey S. "Self-Selection Bias in Business Ethics Research." Business Ethics Quarterly 16, no. 4 (October 2006): 559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200616449.

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Abstract:Suppose we want to know whether the ethics of persons with one characteristic differ from the ethics of persons having another characteristic. Self-selection bias occurs if people have control over that characteristic. When there is self-selection bias, we cannot be sure observed differences in ethics are correlated with the characteristic or are the result of individual self-selection. Self-selection bias is germane to many important business ethics questions. In this paper I explain what self-selection bias is, how it relates to business ethics research, and how to correct for it. I also illustrate the correction process in an empirical analysis of the effect of organizational rank on worker ethics. Using data from the European Values Survey, I find that being a supervisor is positively correlated with worker ethics. However, I also find a negative self-selection effect. Workers with relatively lower ethics are selected into supervisory roles.
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Masoudi, Golfam. "The Effect of Vocabulary Self -Selection Strategy and Input Enhancement Strategy on the Vocabulary Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners." English Language Teaching 10, no. 8 (July 3, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n8p32.

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The present study was designed to investigate empirically the effect of Vocabulary Self -Selection strategy and Input Enhancement strategy on the vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners. After taking a diagnostic pretest, both experimental groups enrolled in two classes. Learners who practiced Vocabulary Self-Selection were allowed to self-select each word from the text they wanted to, but the learners who practiced Input Enhancement strategy one session later than the other group, were just allowed to choose the words among the textually enhanced ones which were just limited to the finalized words of the Vocabulary Self-Selection group. After about three months of treatment, seen and unseen posttests were administered. The results revealed positive effects of both strategies on the vocabulary knowledge of the Iranian EFL learners. Thus it could be safely concluded that Vocabulary Self-Selection and Input Enhancement strategy were quite effective in the development of vocabulary knowledge. The performance of the two groups of Iranian EFL learners on the achievement posttest, as statistically shown, indicates that the Vocabulary Self-Selection group could outperform the Input Enhancement group on the vocabulary knowledge. The results revealed positive effects of both strategies on the vocabulary knowledge of the Iranian EFL learners. It was finally concluded that Vocabulary Self-Selection group outperformed those in Input Enhancement group. Thus it could be concluded that Iranian EFL learners who practiced Vocabulary Self-Selection strategy outperformed those who practiced Input Enhancement. Vocabulary Self-Selection strategy fostered vocabulary learning.
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Tamamiya, Yoshiyuki. "the effect of self-attraction on mate preferences and selection." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PC—028—PC—028. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pc-028.

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LIU, Minghui, Ming ZHANG, and Jie SUI. "Self-related Information Modulates Global Advantage Effect in Visual Selection." Acta Psychologica Sinica 46, no. 3 (2014): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00312.

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Knutsson, A., and T. Akerstedt. "The healthy-worker effect: Self-selection among Swedish shift workers." Work & Stress 6, no. 2 (April 1992): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678379208260350.

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Park, Ju-Hyung, Duk-Bin Jun, Sungho Park, and Sungwook Yoon. "The Effect of Private Health Insurance and Self-Selection Bias." Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society 47, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7737/jkorms.2022.47.4.033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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CARVALHO, LEANDRO SIQUEIRA. "FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, SELF-SELECTION AND BRAIN EFFECT: TWO ESSAYS ON MIGRATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5217@1.

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A literatura econômica que estuda migração sempre esteve preocupada com o impacto da migração sobre o bem-estar, seja na forma de imigração ou na forma de brain drain. Os dois artigos que compõem esta tese estão relacionados a este tema. Apesar do modelo de Roy concluir que os emigrantes são negativamente selecionados se a taxa de retorno à educação é maior na economia de origem, os trabalhos empíricos encontram evidências de emigrantes positivamente selecionados. O primeiro artigo utiliza um modelo para argumentar que se o mercado de crédito é imperfeito, tanto investimentos em educação como a decisão de emigração dependem da riqueza inicial do agente. Isto permite explicar a controvérsia entre a literatura teórica e empírica e o porquê da classe média ser aquela com maior mobilidade em alguns países. A segunda parte da tese está diretamente relacionada à literatura de beneficial brain drain. Os trabalhos nessa área argumentam que a possibilidade de um trabalhador educado de emigrar para outro país que remunera melhor sua mão-de-obra qualificada aumenta a taxa de retorno à educação na economia de origem e conseqüentemente os investimentos em capital humano. O artigo utiliza como experimento a construção de Palmas, capital do Tocantins, para investigar esta hipótese. Os resultados empíricos encontrados a partir dos microdados dos Censos de 1991 e 2000 indicam uma relação negativa entre investimentos em educação e a distância rodoviária até a capital - usada como proxy dos custos de emigração - para o período posterior à fundação de Palmas e uma relação nula para o período anterior. As evidências são interpretadas como favoráveis à existência do brain effect, uma vez que o aumento na escolaridade foi maior para os indivíduos que mais se beneficiaram com a construção da capital.
The Economic literature which studies migration has always been concerned about its impact on welfare. Two different lines of research in this field focus on impacts of immigration and brain drain. The two articles which comprise the thesis are related to these subjects. Although Roy s model claims that emigrants are negatively self- selected if the rate of return is higher in the origin economy, empirical works have found positively selected emigrants. The first article uses a model to argue that both investments in education and the decision to emmigrate depend on wealth if credit markets are imperfect. This argument allows us to explain the controversy between the theoretical and empirical literature as well as why the middle-class is the most mobile one in some countries. The second part of the thesis is directly related to the beneficial brain drain literature. Works in this field claim that the possibility for an educated worker of emmigrating to another country in which skilled labor is better paid raises the rate of return to education in the origin country and consequently the investments in human capital. The article uses as an experiment the creation of Palmas, a state capital in Brazil, to investigate this hypothesis. The empirical results obtained from microdata evidence a negative relation between investments in human capital and the distance to the capital-used as a proxy to emmigration costs-in the period after the creation of the capital and no relation in the period before. Those findings are interpretated as favorable to the brain effect hypothesis, once the increase in education was greater for individuals who benefited the most from the foundation of the capital.
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Ng, Kwok-keung Zachary, and 吳國強. "Students' self selection of assignment and its effect on attitude and motivation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956683.

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Ng, Kwok-keung Zachary. "Students' self selection of assignment and its effect on attitude and motivation." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13570389.

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Emmerson, Derek Alan. "The effect of protein and energy self-selection on the reproductive performance of turkey hens." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53166.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary self-selection of protein and energy on the reproductive performance of Large White turkey hens. The first study examined the effect of self-selection on reproductive performance during a production cycle that started in July and ended in December. Hens were maintained on one of two dietary regimes for a 20-week production cycle. Control birds were fed a conventional diet (18% crude protein, 2700 kcal/kg) which contained nutrients at levels recommended by the National Research Council (NRC, 1984). The remaining hens were allowed to select their diet from two feed sources: one relatively high in protein and low in energy (35% crude protein, 1850 kcal/kg) and the other relatively low in protein and high in energy (8% crude protein, 3220 kcal/kg). Hens fed the split diet produced an equal number of eggs as control hens but consumed significantly less feed (p≤.05). The diet that was selected contained approximately 40% less protein than the control diet (p≤.001) which resulted in significantly increased efficiency of protein utilization (eggs/kg protein) for hens fed the split-diet (p≤.001). In addition, the incidence of broodiness was significantly reduced in the split-diet treatment (p≤.10). Egg weight, fertility, hatchability and hatch of fertile eggs were not significantly effected by the dietary regimes. There was significantly greater body weight loss in hens fed the split-diet (p≤.05). Increasing trends in feed, energy, and protein consumptions were noted over the course of production. For this reason a second experiment was conducted to determine if these trends were the result of seasonal affects, due to changing ambient temperatures, or the result of changes in nutrient requirements of the turkey hen occurring with different stages of production. The second experiment was similar to Experiment 1 except that the production period started in March and ended in July. As in the first experiment, egg production was equal for hens in the two treatment groups. Feed intake and energy intake were not significantly different for hens fed the split and complete diets. However, as in the previous experiment, protein intake was significantly reduced in the split-diet treatment (p≤.001). The incidence of broodiness was again attenuated among split-fed birds (p≤.10). Average daily feed and energy intake appeared to decrease over the course of production which was presumed to be related to increasing ambient temperatures. As in the previous experiment, protein intake increased over the course of production despite increasing environmental temperatures. Therefore, the increased protein selection noted in these two experiments does not seem to be related to hot weather and may indicate an increased protein requirement in the later stages of egg production. Based on the finding that the incidence of broodiness was reduced among hens fed the split-diet, blood sera from hens in both experiments were analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL). Although the incidence of broodiness was significantly reduced among birds fed the split-diet, there was no significant difference in serum LH and PRL concentrations. Therefore, the reduction in the incidence of broodiness that was noted in these experiments was not correlated with changes in the blood concentration of these hormones.
Master of Science
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Zhou, Yining. "Disappointment as an effect of curiosity and political apathy: modernation of self-efficacy and mediation of media selection." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/172.

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The study adopts Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory as the framework to test antecedents and consequences in using fanqiang (bypassing Internet censorship) as an alternative medium along with accessible Internet, TV, newspaper and radio as mainstream media in a Chinese context. By online between-group experimentation (N = 132 in the experimental group, N = 127 in the control group), the study shows that curiosity about forbidden political content and political apathy predict fanqiang and most accessible media use tendencies. Moderation effects exist between curiosity and self-efficacy in predicting fanqiang tendencies. Disappointment as an emotional effect is directly related to curiosity and political apathy, where the mediation effects of media use tendencies are not salient. Explicit Internet censorship increases curiosity about forbidden political content and decreases the dimension of lack of interest in political apathy. However, it does not change accessible media use tendencies and disappointment levels. Still, participants show fewer of fanqiang tendencies than with accessible media, except radio. The results highlight the cognitive roots of motivations and emotional constructs as a part of gratification in U&G research, that self-efficacy as a necessary requirement for curiosity to drive media use, and that information attributes can change motivations. We urge future scholars to build broader explications of political apathy when applied to different societies, to try diverse methods like experimentation in U&G research, and to adopt a sociopsychological approach when studying the influences and effectiveness of Internet censorship.
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Sendikici, Serap. "The Effect Of Cinematherapy On Self-perception Among Adolescents: Applications In Clinical And Non-clinical Samples." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613024/index.pdf.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cinematherapy and its interaction with subjective well-being levels on self-perception and its dimensions. Additionally, the study aimed to select cinematherapy movies in accordance with self-perception dimensions, and their therapeutic functions. Moreover, the role of cognitive-emotional identification beside similarity identification was investigated. Three conditions were constructed by clinical and non-clinical samples consisted of 34 participants aged between 15 and 18. Clinical cinematherapy condition was composed of 10 out-patient psychiatric participants, and 24 high school students were assigned to non-clinical cinematherapy and control conditions. Cinematherapy conditions received 3-session cinematherapy intervention in which viewing and elaboration of cinematherapy movies took place. Control condition watched episodes of a documentary with no elaboration part. According to results, in pre-treatment measures, clinical sample had more negative self-perception and self-concept scores in scholastic competence, physical appearance, and global self-worth than non-clinical sample. Additionally, clinical sample had lower levels of subjective well-being than non-clinical sample. As a result of cinematherapy application, athletic competence positively changed in non-clinical sample. Besides, cinematherapy positively affected self-perceptions of participants with low levels of subjective well-being in clinical sample. For participants with low subjective well-being levels in non-clinical cinematherapy condition, athletic competence increased while global self-worth decreased. According to identification results, cinematherapy conditions had higher similarity identification scores than control condition and non-clinical cinematherapy condition had higher fictional involvement scores than clinical cinematherapy condition. The applications and findings were discussed in terms of sample characteristics and cinematherapy procedures.
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Casals, Rodolfo. "The effect of the summer training program on midshipmen career choice at the United States Naval Academy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1695.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Summer Training Program (STP) on vocational development of midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. To test this a sample of 615 first-class midshipmen and 615 second-class midshipmen from the classes of 2002-2004 completed a survey regarding their experiences on summer cruise. Survey answers were grouped into several factors derived from a review of the literature in vocational psychology. The relationship between these factors and their final warfare community preferences were analyzed using several cross-tabulations, univariate tests and multivariate models. Cross-tabulations showed that only 25% of midshipmen change their warfare community preference during the last two years at the Academy. Independent Pearson Correlation (r) showed the affect of each of the different factors on warfare community selection. Of the different variables identified: gender, academic major, running-mate qualification/experience, and ship morale were found to have an impact on the desire to select surface warfare at the conclusion of the summer training experience. The multivariate models (logit) verified that the above variables were significant in determining the choice of warfare community and also showed that observed ship morale was the dominant factor above all others in helping to form career interests.
Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Meyer, Michael, Michaela Neumayr, and Paul Rameder. "Students' Community Service: Self-Selection and the Effects of Participation." SAGE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019848492.

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Numerous studies demonstrate the effectiveness of university-based community service programs on students' personal, social, ethical, and academic domains. These effects depend on both, the characteristics of students enrolled and the characteristics of the programs, for instance whether they are voluntary or mandatory. Our study investigates whether effects of voluntary service programs are indeed caused by the service experience or by prior self-selection. Using data from a pre-post quasi-experimental design conducted at a public university in Europe and taking students' socioeconomic background into account, our findings on self-efficacy, generalized trust, empathic concern, and attributions for poverty show that there are no participation effects. Instead, students who join in community service differ significantly from nonparticipants with regard to almost all investigated domains a priori, indicating strong self-selection. Our results underline the importance of structured group reflection, most notably with regard to attitude-related topics.
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Poletti, Patrick David. "The Effect of Dynamic Kinetic Selection on an Evolving Ribozyme Population." Thesis, Portland State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422098.

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Dynamic Kinetic Selection (DKS) suggests that kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, stability will dictate the composition of a replicating population of biomolecules. Here, the results obtained from a series of five related reactions involving gradually increasing percentages of randomly-mutated substrate fragments to generate variants of full-length Azoarcus group I intron through an autocatalytic self-assembly reaction involving a series of recombination events, showed DKS as a driving factor in dictating the population composition of full-length product assembled from substrates that had fewer positions available to randomization.

In trying to elucidate a plausible scheme for the origins of complex biomolecules on the prebiotic Earth, the suggestion that networks comprised of interacting molecules were more likely to evolve into biomolecules capable of obtaining and sustaining characteristics attributed to living molecules has gained traction within the past few years. Of specific interest is the catalytic efficacy of ribozymes whose genotypes require that they interact with molecules of the same genotype (selfish systems) to be effective catalysts versus those that are more effective when accomplishing catalysis by cooperating with ribozymes of a different genotype (cooperative systems). Here, the Azoarcus I ribozyme was used to compare these two types of system. Both systems were shown to robustly produce full-length product. Two different methods of introducing random mutations into substrate fragments for the reactions described in this thesis were employed. The differences in the preparation methods for the substrates was not expected to have an impact on the nature of the full-length product. However, there was no correlation between the positions that tended to be more tolerant of accepting random mutations between the products arising from the two preparation methods. One preparation method yielded full-length ribozymes more consistent with the secondary structure of the wild-type ribozyme and followed substitution patterns found in in vivo nucleic acid substitutions, whereas the other method provided full-length ribozymes that tolerated mutations that would be expected to greatly affect the secondary structure of the ribozyme and those positions tended to mutate evenly to any of the three possible alternative nucleobases.

Point mutations introduced into ribozyme substrate fragments may have a deleterious, neutral, or beneficial effect, depending on their impact on the catalytic capability of the molecule vis-á-vis the effect, if any, the change has to the secondary and tertiary structure of the ribozyme. In this dissertation, the results of two series of point mutation reactions are addressed. The first set showed a point mutation to have a deleterious effect, whereas concerted mutations did not significantly affect activity of the ribozyme. The second series of reactions involved point mutations at a position that had previously been determined to be highly tolerant of random mutations. Results suggested that substitutions at this position had a minimal impact on ribozyme activity.

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Fluegge, Kyle. "Effects of Patient Self-Selection on Costs to Treat Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388665018.

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Books on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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Heng, Gillian Yeo Hian. The effect of self-selection bias on the testing of a stock price reaction to management earning forecasts. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1992.

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Wilson, Stuart P. Self-organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0005.

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Self-organization describes a dynamic in a system whereby local interactions between individuals collectively yield global order, i.e. spatial patterns unobservable in their entirety to the individuals. By this working definition, self-organization is intimately related to chaos, i.e. global order in the dynamics of deterministic systems that are locally unpredictable. A useful distinction is that a small perturbation to a chaotic system causes a large deviation in its trajectory, i.e. the butterfly effect, whereas self-organizing patterns are robust to noise and perturbation. For many, self-organization is as important to the understanding of biological processes as natural selection. For some, self-organization explains where the complex forms that compete for survival in the natural world originate from. This chapter outlines some fundamental ideas from the study of simulated self-organizing systems, before suggesting how self-organizing principles could be applied through biohybrid societies to establish new theories of living systems.
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Suls, Jerry, and Ladd Wheeler. On the Trail of Social Comparison. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.13.

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Social comparison, a major source of social influence, refers to the selection and utilization of information about other people’s standings and opinions to make accurate self-assessments or to protect or enhance self-esteem. We survey the development of comparison theory over six decades, its ambiguities, and reformulations based on the psychology of attribution and social cognition. Selective comparisons allow people to gauge how well they have fulfilled their potential and capacity to accomplish important tasks, and whether their beliefs, values, and actions are appropriate and worthwhile. Exposure to superior and inferior targets shifts self-evaluations toward (assimilation) or away (contrast) from the targets, depending on the kinds of information made cognitively accessible by the situation or by individual differences. To illustrate comparison’s effects on social influence, applications, such as the effects of academic tracking on self-esteem and effects of large social networks on mental and physical health outcomes, are described.
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Deater-Deckard, Kirby. The Social Environment and the Development of Psychopathology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0021.

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The development of psychopathology involves a social context with powerful influences on the growth and maintenance of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. The co-occurring processes of socialization (i.e., learning) and selection into relationships and experiences work together to reinforce adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Using self-regulation and social cognition as guiding concepts, research regarding social environments and their potential influences on psychopathology is highlighted. Family relationships with parents and peers are examined, with an emphasis on harsh reactive parenting and sibling antagonism and reinforcement of maladaptive behavior. In addition, the potential effects of peer victimization and friend/peer group selection are considered. The literature continues to build evidence of a critical role of the social environment in the promotion or prevention of a wide range of behavioral and emotional problems in youth.
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Elwood, Mark. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.001.0001.

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This book presents a system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological and public health studies and to many other fields. It assumes no prior knowledge. The methods are relevant to students, practitioners and policymakers. The book shows how to assess if the results of one study or of many studies show a causal effect. The book discusses study designs: randomised and non-randomised trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. The system shows how to describe a study, how to detect and assess selection biases, observation bias, confounding, and chance variation, and how to assess internal validity and external validity (generalisability). Statistical methods are presented assuming no previous knowledge, and showing applications to each study design. Positive features of causation including strength, dose-response, and consistency are discussed. The book shows how to do systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and discusses publication bias. Systems of assessing all evidence are shown, leading to a general method of critical appraisal based on 20 key questions in five groups, which can be applied to any type of study or any topic. Six chapters show the application of this method to randomised trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. An appendix summarises key statistical methods, each with a worked example. Each main chapter has self-test questions, with answers provided.
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Book chapters on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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Atzeni, Gianfranco, Luca G. Deidda, Marco Delogu, and Dimitri Paolini. "Drop-Out Decisions in a Cohort of Italian Universities." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers, 71–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_4.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we study the determinants of student drop-out decisions using data on a cohort of over 230,000 students enrolled in the Italian university system. The empirical analysis reveals that the probability of dropping out of university negatively correlates with high school grades and student age, controlling for the course of study and university fixed effects. The benchmark estimation suggests a negative correlation between high school final grade and drop-out probability. We also find that enrolling late at the university increases the likelihood of dropping out. In line with the literature, our results suggest that women have a lower propensity to drop out. Our dataset allows differentiating between students who leave their homes to enroll at university (off-site students) and on-site students. We find that off-site students drop out significantly less than those who study in their hometowns. We provide significant evidence that off-site students are a self-selected sample of the total population. Accordingly, we use an instrumental variable (IV) approach to identify the causal relationship. The IV estimation shows that studying off-site negatively affects drop-out decisions and more so for students growing up in the south of Italy who typically study off-site in the Center-North of Italy. Taking advantage of a more detailed dataset concerning students enrolled at the Università di Sassari, we show that the choice of the degree is also important to predict the magnitude of drop-out. Specifically, we resort to a bivariate probit specification to account for self-selection into the course of study, finding that the estimates of the determinants of drop-out and the predicted probabilities are heavily affected. Accounting for self-selection, we show that an unconditional comparison among degrees is misleading, as some degrees attract more heterogeneous students than others, as far as skills and motivation are concerned. For instance, regarding the effect of gender, we show that while the estimation without selection suggests that women drop out less, once we account for selection, the contribution of women to drop-out becomes either positive or negative, depending on which course of study they choose. In line with these results, policymakers should tailor drop-out reducing policy interventions to the specificities of each course of study.
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Rajendran, Mohan Kumar, Michael Budnitzki, and Meinhard Kuna. "Multi-scale Modeling of Partially Stabilized Zirconia with Applications to TRIP-Matrix Composites." In Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites, 679–721. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42603-3_21.

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Abstract The understanding of how the microstructure influences the mechanical response is an essential pre-requisite for materials tailored to match specific requirements. The aim of this chapter is to further this understanding in the context of Mg-PSZ-TRIP-steel composites on three different scales using a set of methods ranging from phase-field simulations over micromechanics to continuum constitutive modeling. On the microscale, using a Ginzburg-Landau type phase-field model the effects of cooling- and stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in MgO-PSZ is clearly distinguished. Additionally with this method the role of energy barrier in variant selection and the effect of residual stress contributing to the stability of the tetragonal phase are also investigated. On the mesomechanical scale, an analytical 2D model for the martensitic phase transformation and self-accommodation of inclusions within linear elastic materials has been successfully developed. The influences of particle size and geometry, chemical driving force, temperature and surface energy on the $$t \rightarrow m$$ t → m transformation are investigated in a thermostatic approach. On the continuum scale, a continuum material model for transformation plasticity in partially stabilized zirconia ceramics has been developed. Nonlinear hardening behavior, hysteresis and monoclinic phase fraction during a temperature cycle are analyzed. Finally, The mechanical properties of a TRIP steel matrix reinforced by ZrO$$_2$$ 2 particles are analyzed on representative volume elements. Here the mechanical properties of the composite as function of volume fraction of both constituents and the strength of the interface are studied.
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Leppink, Jimmie, Fred Paas, Tamara van Gog, and Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer. "How to measure effects of self-regulated learning with checklists on the acquisition of task selection skills." In Advances in Cognitive Load Theory, 66–79. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429283895-6.

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Walper, Sabine, Christine Entleitner-Phleps, and Alexandra N. Langmeyer. "Shared Physical Custody After Parental Separation: Evidence from Germany." In European Studies of Population, 285–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_13.

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AbstractMultilocal, dual residence or shared parenting arrangements after parental separation are increasingly discussed in many countries because they seem best suited to allow for more equally shared parental roles and children’s equal access to both (biological) parents. So far, there is little information about shared physical custody in Germany. The present research uses the second wave from a large German survey “Growing up in Germany” (2013–2015) to investigate the prevalence, preconditions, as well as possible outcomes of shared physical custody after separation. The sample comprises 1042 children (below age 18) with separated parents (maternal report). Measured by children’s overnight stays with each parent, less than 5% of these children lived in a dual residence arrangement (50:50 up to 60:40% of time with either parent). Shared physical custody was more likely if maternal and paternal residence were in close proximity, and if the mother had higher levels of education. As expected, shared physical custody was more likely if the parents had a positive cooperative (co-parenting) relationship while co-parenting problems did not seem to have independent effects. The findings are discussed with respect to other research addressing issues of self-selection into different parenting arrangements and the still limited role of shared physical custody in Germany in facilitating more equal gender roles.
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Amador, Julie M., Royce Kimmons, Brant G. Miller, Christopher David Desjardins, and Cassidy Hall. "Preparing Preservice Teachers to Become Self-Reflective of Their Technology Integration Practices." In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education in the Digital Age, 81–107. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8403-4.ch004.

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The purpose of this chapter is to further understand how preservice teachers critically think about technology and their competence in technology integration. A mixed methods research design was employed to gather survey and performance task reflection data from preservice teachers. Data were analyzed using a categorization process based on preservice teachers' conceptualizations of technology as replacement, amplification, and transformation. Results revealed a significant overall effect of the selection of performance task upon whether it was applied in a transformative manner, but that no such overall effect existed for amplification and replacement. Descriptive analyses indicate preservice teachers were self-reflective about the extent to which technology influences students' learning. Conclusions indicate that teacher education programs should consider how they support preservice teachers to become self-reflective consumers of technology.
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Amador, Julie M., Royce Kimmons, Brant G. Miller, Christopher David Desjardins, and Cassidy Hall. "Preparing Preservice Teachers to Become Self-Reflective of Their Technology Integration Practices." In TPACK, 68–95. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7918-2.ch004.

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The purpose of this chapter is to further understand how preservice teachers critically think about technology and their competence in technology integration. A mixed methods research design was employed to gather survey and performance task reflection data from preservice teachers. Data were analyzed using a categorization process based on preservice teachers' conceptualizations of technology as replacement, amplification, and transformation. Results revealed a significant overall effect of the selection of performance task upon whether it was applied in a transformative manner, but that no such overall effect existed for amplification and replacement. Descriptive analyses indicate preservice teachers were self-reflective about the extent to which technology influences students' learning. Conclusions indicate that teacher education programs should consider how they support preservice teachers to become self-reflective consumers of technology.
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Schank, Thorsten, Claus Schnabel, and Joachim Wagner. "Higher Wages in Exporting Firms: Self-selection, Export Effect, or Both? First Evidence from Linked Employer–Employee Data." In Microeconometrics of International Trade, 215–41. World Scientific, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813109698_0006.

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Doherty, Paula B. "The Context and Culture of the Web Research Environment." In Online Assessment, Measurement and Evaluation, 10–27. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-747-8.ch002.

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The World Wide Web provides a unique and idiosyncratic environment for applied social research. Examining the context and culture of this environment can better inform research design. This chapter explores attributes of the Web that influence the administration and outcomes of survey research, examines the dual phenomena of self-selection and nonresponse that frequently encumber the implementation of self-administered surveys on the Web, reviews sample loss as it occurs during the multiple stages of survey response, and identifies elements of the research design that can mitigate the effect of this medium—its context and culture—on survey outcomes.
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McCarthy, Elizabeth, Ravinesh C. Deo, Yan Li, and Tek Maraseni. "Selection of Representative Feature Training Sets With Self-Organized Maps for Optimized Time Series Modeling and Prediction." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 446–64. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4766-2.ch020.

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While the simulation of stochastic time series is challenging due to their inherently complex nature, this is compounded by the arbitrary and widely accepted feature data usage methods frequently applied during the model development phase. A pertinent context where these practices are reflected is in the forecasting of drought events. This chapter considers optimization of feature data usage by sampling daily data sets via self-organizing maps to select representative training and testing subsets and accordingly, improve the performance of effective drought index (EDI) prediction models. The effect would be observed through a comparison of artificial neural network (ANN) and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models incorporating the SOM approach through an inspection of commonly used performance indices for the city of Brisbane. This study shows that SOM-ANN ensemble models demonstrate competitive predictive performance for EDI values to those produced by ARIMA models.
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Ray, James B. "Pharmacopalliation of Pain." In Surgical Palliative Care, 250–65. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190858360.003.0021.

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Pain is one of the most common symptoms that a surgeon may encounter in their patients with palliative care needs. Pain no longer serves an adaptive, protective mechanism but one that is maladaptive and has no redeeming purpose except to add to the patient’s suffering. Effective management requires the surgeon to consider the bio-psychosocial-spiritual impact of the underlying disease when assessing the patient’s self-report of pain. This chapter is a primer and provides an overview of the most common factors that a surgeon may want to consider in providing primary pharmacopalliation of pain, including analgesic selection and adverse effect management.
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Conference papers on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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Hara, Shinsuke, and Tatsuya Ishimoto. "Effect of Pivot Nodes Selection Schemes on Self-Localization Performance in a Mobile Sensor Network." In GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5426276.

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Burkhart, Collin T., Kara L. Maki, and Michael J. Schertzer. "Impact of Particle Selection on Nanoparticle Self-Assembly in Evaporating Colloidal Droplets." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66851.

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Colloidal droplets often leave behind ring-shaped depositions of material after they evaporate called “coffee ring” patterns that are undesirable in many medical diagnostic and printing applications. By applying electric fields to a droplet, additional electrowetting and electrophoretic forces can be applied on the droplet’s contact line and particles, respectively, to suppress this phenomenon. Better understanding of the effects of electrowetting and electrophoresis may lead to novel techniques for nanoparticle self-assembly in evaporating colloidal droplets that are subjected to electric fields. This work experimentally examines the effect of particle selection on nanoparticle deposition in evaporating droplets. Droplets consist of deionized water seeded with polystyrene or titanium oxide nanoparticles on the order of 20 nm. Colloidal droplets are evaporated on substrates coated with an SU-8 photoresist. Before fundamentally understanding the effects of an applied electric field, the evaporative dynamics and resultant colloidal transport in similar unactuated systems must first be understood. Current trials involve studying these unactuated control cases, but future trials will involve droplets actuated on the same material with applied AC or DC electric fields. Droplet interface shapes during evaporation are recorded and compared between trials. Final deposition patterns and their particle distributions are also qualitatively examined. Polystyrene droplets pinned for approximately the first 30% of the total evaporation time and then receded at a constant contact angle and produced ring depositions. Titanium oxide droplets pinned for approximately the first 60% of the total evaporation time and then receded in a slip-stick pattern. These produced more uniform depositions with a less-distinct outer ring, despite pinning for more of the evaporation time. The variations in transient behavior suggest that differences in particle characteristics may be impacting the contact line dynamics and resulting in different final deposition pattern.
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He, Xiang, and Lei Zhang. "Quantifying the Self-Selection Effect in Residential Location and Vehicle Use Choices with a Structural Equation Model." In The Twelfth COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412442.361.

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Miller, Michele H., and Thrinath S. Kakumanu. "Investigation of the Self-Dressing of Resin Bound Grinding Wheels." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0708.

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Abstract Wheel self-dressing, a byproduct of wheel wear, is often desirable for maintaining consistent wheel performance. We investigated the self-dressing process by monitoring the cutting force in plunge grinding experiments and by developing a computer model to predict the cutting force as it changes with wheel wear. The experiments show the significant effect of infeed and work material on the evolution of the cutting force. The simulation predicts the effects of infeed, work material strength, and binder strength on the cutting force. In addition, we discuss ways to improve the model and its potential for aiding in the selection of wheel parameters.
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Han, L., M. Thornton, R. Hewitt, A. Chrysanthou, and M. Shergold. "Process Feasibility Analysis of Self-Pierce Riveting High Strength Low Alloy Steel." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24290.

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Self-Piercing Riveting (SPR) has been widely used in automotive Body in White (BIW) assembly as an alternative to Resistance Spot Welding (RSW), in particular for joining of dissimilar materials, for example Steels to Aluminium. A study examining the process feasibility of SPR of Aluminium alloy AA5754 and High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel in various thicknesses has been conducted. It has been shown that the process is capable of joining the two materials together. However, it was also observed that the selection of rivet and die is limited when joining HSLA. The setting force required to drive the rivet into the sheet material to be joined tends to be high. This leads to potential tooling life concerns. It was also shown that the arrangement of the high strength steel joined to aluminium can have a significant effect on the process feasibility.
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Zhang, Yang, Dong Wang, Qiang Li, Yue Shen, Ziqi Liu, Xiaodong Zeng, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jinjie Gu, and Derek F. Wong. "User Retention: A Causal Approach with Triple Task Modeling." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/468.

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For many Internet companies, it has been an important focus to improve user retention rate. To achieve this goal, we need to recommend proper services in order to meet the demands of users. Unlike conventional click-through rate (CTR) estimation, there are lots of noise in the collected data when modeling retention, caused by two major issues: 1) implicit impression-revisit effect: users could revisit the APP even if they do not explicitly interact with the recommender system; 2) selection bias: recommender system suffers from selection bias caused by user's self-selection. To address the above challenges, we propose a novel method named UR-IPW (User Retention Modeling with Inverse Propensity Weighting), which 1) makes full use of both explicit and implicit interactions in the observed data. 2) models revisit rate estimation from a causal perspective accounting for the selection bias problem. The experiments on both offline and online environments from different scenarios demonstrate the superiority of UR-IPW over previous methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to model user retention by estimating the revisit rate from a causal perspective.
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Narayanan, Badri K., Lisa McFadden, M. J. Mills, and Marie A. Quintana. "Characterization of Weld Metal Deposited With a Self Shielded Flux Cored Electrode for Pipeline Girth Welds and Offshore Structures." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31406.

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Pipeline girth welds deposited with a self-shielded flux cored electrode process (FCAW-S) have been characterized to assess the effect of micro-alloying elements on microstructure and precipitate evolution and correlate it to strength and toughness. A 2.0 mm diameter electrode was used to deposit weld metal in a 12.7 mm thick API grade X-70 pipe joint. The weld metal properties were characterized and shown to overmatch the pipe. The DBTT of the weld metal has been determined through Charpy V-Notch toughness measurements. The effect of heat input and welding procedure has been assessed over a range of heat inputs (1–1.5 kJ/mm.). The effect of dilution from the base plate on toughness has been assessed by measuring the sensitivity of weld metal toughness to changes in carbon content. The as-welded region of the weld has been characterized using different characterization techniques. Ferritic weld metal deposited with a self-shielded arc welding process has intentional additions of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zirconium. This results in a complex precipitation process that has been characterized with a combination of electron microscopy techniques. The effect of micro-alloying additions on the variant selection during the austenite to ferrite transformation and microstructure evolution has been studied with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) in conjunction with orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the precipitate evolution in these welds. The evidence shows that the formation of a spinel oxide is critical for the nucleation of nitrides of zirconium and titanium and prevents the agglomeration of aluminum rich oxides and the formation of large aluminum nitrides. The evolution of precipitate formation is critical to limit large inclusions and improve weld metal toughness. The presence of titanium and zirconium increases the fraction of high angle grain boundaries within the microstructure resulting in increased resistance to crack propagation. The characterization of the microstructures at two different carbon contents indicates the greater propensity to form twin related variants with increase in carbon content. This suggests a lower transformation temperature of austenite and may be the reason for poor toughness.
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Parra-Santos, Teresa, Armando Gallegos-Muñoz, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Beneite, Cristobal Uzarraga-Rodriguez, and Francisco Castro-Ruiz. "Numerical Modeling of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21356.

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This paper aims to predict the performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), hence the modeling of kinetic energy extraction from wind and its conversion to mechanical energy at the rotor axis, is carried out. The H-type Darrieus turbine consists of three straight blades with shape of aerofoil attached to a rotating vertical shaft. The criterion on the selection of this kind of turbines, despite its reduced efficiency, is the easy manufacture in workshops. A parametric study has been carried out to analyze the camber effect on the non dimensional curves of power coefficient so that the self starting features as well as the range of tip speed ratio of operation could be predicted.
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Wang, Xinguo, David Moulton, and Mirjam Fürth. "The Development of a Planning Boat Model and Environmental Measurements for Free Running Model Tests." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-266.

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For decades, the performance and efficiency of High Speed Craft (HSC) have been tested and evaluated in towing tanks; these tests are performed under ideal conditions. During towed testing the scaled model is often only free to move in heave and pitch and the effect of surge cannot be evaluated. Self propelled tests are rare meaning the drag, noise and turbulence of the thruster propellers are not considered. This paper presents a detailed step by step workflow of designing and manufacturing a self-propelled (HSC) to be tested in a calm water free running test in the Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) wave basin in Texas A&M University. The paper shows the hull parametric design, thruster and propeller selection and the data acquisition system design. The study includes a quantitative and qualitative comparison for the effect of the propeller hull interaction, results are compared with exciting towing tank data for the same hull geometry. An experimental straight forward motion step response is implemented to identify the vehicle speed transfer function for closed loop forward speed controller design. The paper also presents the use of computer vision applications in the experiment measurements such as the Visual-SLAM algorithm for the accurate 6-DOF HSC motion tracking and the use of the stereo-vision for studying the wave pattern downstream of the hull quantitatively and qualitatively.
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HUANG, SHAO-WEI, LI LI, and WEN-MIN QI. "THE IMPACT OF ONLINE PRE-SALES CUSTOMER SERVICE ON PURCHASE CONVERSION." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35623.

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In the context of the booming e-commerce industry, the competition among e-commerce enterprises is not simply about category or logistics, but about service quality, which is the key to the development of enterprises. In this paper, we established a model from two perspectives of online customer service usage and purchase conversion, then took into account the self-selection problem due to users' conscious non-use of customer service. By building a treatment effect model, we explored the impact of online pre-sales customer service on purchase conversion from the perspective of the actual business of enterprises. The study finds these factors, e.g. urgency, uncertainty, demand, are positively correlated with the possibility of using pre-sales customer service system, and knowledge factor is negatively correlated with the possibility using pre-sales customer service system. At the same time, the use of online pre-sales customer service has a positive effect on purchase conversion. These results are helpful for enterprises to improve the utilization rate of online customer service and purchase conversation.
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Reports on the topic "Self-selection effect"

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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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Provenza, Frederick, Avi Perevolotsky, and Nissim Silanikove. Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695840.bard.

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Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were: Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems. The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.
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Symonenko, Svitlana V., Nataliia V. Zaitseva, Viacheslav V. Osadchyi, Kateryna P. Osadcha, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. Virtual reality in foreign language training at higher educational institutions. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3759.

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The paper deals with the urgent problem of application of virtual reality in foreign language training. Statistical data confirms that the number of smartphone users, Internet users, including wireless Internet users, has been increasing for recent years in Ukraine and tends to grow. The coherence of quick mobile Internet access and presence of supplementary equipment enables to get trained or to self-dependently advance due to usage of virtual reality possibilities for education in the stationary classrooms, at home and in motion. Several important features of virtual reality, its advantages for education are discussed. It is noted that virtual reality is remaining a relatively new technology in language learning. Benefits from virtual reality implementation into foreign language learning and teaching are given. The aspects of immersion and gamification in foreign language learning are considered. It is emphasized that virtual reality creates necessary preconditions for motivation increasing. The results of the survey at two higher education institution as to personal experience in using VR applications for learning foreign languages are presented. Most students at both universities have indicated quite a low virtual reality application usage. Six popular virtual reality applications for foreign language learning (Mondly, VRSpeech, VR Learn English, Gold Lotus, AltSpaceVR and VirtualSpeech) are analyzed. It is stated that the most preferred VR application for foreign language learning includes detailed virtual environment for maximal immersion, high- level visual effects similar to video games, simple avatar control, thorough material selection and complete complicity level accordance of every element and aspect, affordability, helpful and unobtrusive following up.
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