Journal articles: 'Self-Powered Portable Electronic'

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Xiao, Yongjun, Chao Guo, Qingdong Zeng, Zenggang Xiong, Yunwang Ge, Wenqing Chen, Jun Wan, and Bo Wang. "Electret Nanogenerators for Self-Powered, Flexible Electronic Pianos." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084142.

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Traditional electronic pianos mostly adopt a gantry type and a large number of rigid keys, and most keyboard sensors of the electronic piano require additional power supply during playing, which poses certain challenges for portable electronic products. Here, we demonstrated a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)-based electret nanogenerator (ENG), and the output electrical performances of the ENG under different external pressures and frequencies were systematically characterized. At a fixed frequency of 4 Hz and force of 4 N with a matched load resistance of 200 MΩ, an output power density of 20.6 mW/cm2 could be achieved. Though the implementation of a signal processing circuit, ENG-based, self-powered pressure sensors have been demonstrated for self-powered, flexible electronic pianos. This work provides a new strategy for electret nanogenerators for self-powered sensor networks and portable electronics.

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Bharathi Sankar Ammaiyappan, A., and Seyezhai Ramalingam. "Self-Powered Supercapacitor for Low Power Wearable device Applications." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012016.

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Abstract Piezoelectric generators can be used strong vibrations convert to electrical power, it can be stored and utilized in low power devices such as radio frequency identification tags (RFIDs), wireless, global position system (GPS) and sensors. Since most low power devices are wireless, it is important that they have their own independent power. Traditionally, electrical energy comes from heavy lead acid and lithium ion batteries, which contain chemicals that are not environmental friendly. More importantly, lead acid and lithium ion batteries have an average lifespan of 500–1000 cycles, compared to carbon-based supercapacitors (10 lakhs cycle). With the introduction of a wide range of portable, wearable electronics devices and health monitoring equipment. Piezoelectric power harvesting equipment is one of the most applications of portable electronic power supply. Supercapacitors are promising electrochemical energy storage devices which possessing very high power density, rapid charge, and discharge rates with a long lifecycle. Supercapacitors hold high power density as compared to dielectric capacitors and hence supercapacitors are extensively utilized for powering several portable electronic devices. Supercapacitors explore a wide range of applications as they can deliver a high power within a very short period. In this paper describes various supercapacitor powered potential applications in various sectors like flexible, portable, wearable electronics, implantable healthcare and biomedical sensor, etc.

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Montes-Cebrián, Yaiza, Albert Álvarez-Carulla, Jordi Colomer-Farrarons, Manel Puig-Vidal, and Pere Ll Miribel-Català. "Self-Powered Portable Electronic Reader for Point-of-Care Amperometric Measurements." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173715.

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In this work, we present a self-powered electronic reader (e-reader) for point-of-care diagnostics based on the use of a fuel cell (FC) which works as a power source and as a sensor. The self-powered e-reader extracts the energy from the FC to supply the electronic components concomitantly, while performing the detection of the fuel concentration. The designed electronics rely on straightforward standards for low power consumption, resulting in a robust and low power device without needing an external power source. Besides, the custom electronic instrumentation platform can process and display fuel concentration without requiring any type of laboratory equipment. In this study, we present the electronics system in detail and describe all modules that make up the system. Furthermore, we validate the device’s operation with different emulated FCs and sensors presented in the literature. The e-reader can be adjusted to numerous current ranges up to 3 mA, with a 13 nA resolution and an uncertainty of 1.8%. Besides, it only consumes 900 µW in the low power mode of operation, and it can operate with a minimum voltage of 330 mV. This concept can be extended to a wide range of fields, from biomedical to environmental applications.

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Cánovas-Saura, Antonio, Ramón Ruiz, Rodolfo López-Vicente, José Abad, Antonio Urbina, and Javier Padilla. "Portable Photovoltaic-Self-Powered Flexible Electrochromic Windows for Adaptive Envelopes." Electronic Materials 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2020014.

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Variable transmission applications for light control or energy saving based on electrochromic materials have been successfully applied in the past in the building, sports, or automotive fields, although lower costs and ease of fabrication, installation, and maintenance are still needed for deeper market integration. In this study, all-printed large area (900 cm2 active area) flexible electrochromic devices were fabricated, and an autoregulating self-power supply was implemented through the use of organic solar cells. A new perspective was applied for automotive light transmission function, where portability and mechanical flexibility added new features for successful market implementation. Special emphasis was placed in applying solution-based scalable deposition techniques and commercially available materials (PEDOT-PSS as an electrochromic material; vanadium oxide, V2O5, as a transparent ion-storage counter electrode; and organic solar modules as the power supply). A straightforward electronic control method was designed and successfully implemented allowing for easy user control. We describe a step-by-step route following the design, materials optimization, electronic control simulation, in-solution fabrication, and scaling-up of fully functional self-powered portable electrochromic devices.

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Wang, Yi-Lin, Hai-Tao Deng, Zhen-Yu Ren, Xin-Tian Liu, Yu Chen, Cheng Tu, Jun-Lian Chen, and Xiao-Sheng Zhang. "The Interface between Nanoenergy and Self-Powered Electronics." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051614.

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In recent decades, nanogenerators based on several techniques such as triboelectric effects, piezoelectric effects, or other mechanisms have experienced great developments. The nanoenergy generated by nanogenerators is supposed to be used to overcome the problem of energy supply problems for portable electronics and to be applied to self-powered microsystems including sensors, actuators, integrated circuits, power sources, and so on. Researchers made many attempts to achieve a good solution and have performed many explorations. Massive efforts have been devoted to developing self-powered electronics, such as self-powered communication devices, self-powered human–machine interfaces, and self-powered sensors. To take full advantage of nanoenergy, we need to review the existing applications, look for similarities and differences, and then explore the ways of achieving various self-powered systems with better performance. In this review, the methods of applying nanogenerators in specific circumstances are studied. The applications of nanogenerators are classified into two categories, direct utilization and indirect utilization, according to whether a treatment process is needed. We expect to offer a line of thought for future research on self-powered electronics.

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Mao, Yupeng, Yongsheng Zhu, Tianming Zhao, Changjun Jia, Xiao Wang, and Qi Wang. "Portable Mobile Gait Monitor System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Monitoring Gait and Powering Electronics." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164996.

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A self-powered portable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is used to collect biomechanical energy and monitor the human motion, which is the new development trend in portable devices. We have developed a self-powered portable triboelectric nanogenerator, which is used in human motion energy collection and monitoring mobile gait and stability capability. The materials involved are common PTFE and aluminum foil, acting as a frictional layer, which can output electrical signals based on the triboelectric effect. Moreover, 3D printing technology is used to build the optimized structure of the nanogenerator, which has significantly improved its performance. TENG is conveniently integrated with commercial sport shoes, monitoring the gait and stability of multiple human motions, being strategically placed at the immediate point of motion during the respective process. The presented equipment uses a low-frequency stabilized voltage output system to provide power for the wearable miniature electronic device, while stabilizing the voltage output, in order to effectively prevent voltage overload. The interdisciplinary research has provided more application prospects for nanogenerators regarding self-powered module device integration.

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Mao, Yupeng, Yongsheng Zhu, Changjun Jia, Tianming Zhao, and Jiabin Zhu. "A Self-Powered Flexible Biosensor for Human Exercise Intensity Monitoring." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2997.

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We report a flexible and portable biosensor for real-time monitoring body exercise intensity without power supply. The biosensor consists of ZnO NWs and flexible PDMS substrate. The flexible and portable biosensor can be attached to tester’s skin surface. Through piezoelectric signal, exercise intensity can be real-time monitored in sport process. After sweating, the sweat on the skin can flow to the modified ZnO NWs according to the set route through the guide channel of PDMS substrate. It also can monitor the variations of lactic acid concentration in sweat, and the output piezoelectric voltage depends on the sweat concentration, so as to judge the exercise intensity of sport. The biosensor can charge miniature capacitor and the capacitor can charge other small electronic equipment. This multidisciplinary study point out a new development direction of human exercise intensity monitoring and sport big data transmission in the field of sport science, and promote the development of self-powered flexible multifunctional nano-system.

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Lu, Zhuo, Yongsheng Zhu, Changjun Jia, Tianming Zhao, Meiyue Bian, Chaofeng Jia, Yiqiao Zhang, and Yupeng Mao. "A Self-Powered Portable Flexible Sensor of Monitoring Speed Skating Techniques." Biosensors 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11040108.

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With the development of 5G technology, contemporary technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analyses have been widely applied to the sport industry. This paper focuses on the design of a portable, self-powered, flexible sensor, which does not require an external power supply. The sensor is capable of monitoring speed skating techniques, thereby helping professional athletes to enhance their performance. This sensor mainly consists of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) with polarization after a silvering electrode and a flexible polyester substrate. Flexible sensors are attached to the push-off joint part of speed skaters and the ice skate blade. During motion, it produces different piezoelectricity signals depending on the states of motion. The monitoring and analyzing of the real-time sensor signals will adjust the athlete’s skating angle, frequency, and push-off techniques, thus improving user training and enhancing performance. Moreover, the production of piezoelectric signals can charge the capacitor, provide power for small electronic equipment (e.g., wireless device), and extend the applications of wearable flexible sensors to the Big Data and IoT technologies in the sport industry.

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Guo, Hengyu, Min-Hsin Yeh, Yunlong Zi, Zhen Wen, Jie Chen, Guanlin Liu, Chenguo Hu, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Ultralight Cut-Paper-Based Self-Charging Power Unit for Self-Powered Portable Electronic and Medical Systems." ACS Nano 11, no. 5 (April 12, 2017): 4475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b00866.

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Wen, Zhen, Min-Hsin Yeh, Hengyu Guo, Jie Wang, Yunlong Zi, Weidong Xu, Jianan Deng, et al. "Self-powered textile for wearable electronics by hybridizing fiber-shaped nanogenerators, solar cells, and supercapacitors." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1600097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600097.

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Wearable electronics fabricated on lightweight and flexible substrate are believed to have great potential for portable devices, but their applications are limited by the life span of their batteries. We propose a hybridized self-charging power textile system with the aim of simultaneously collecting outdoor sunshine and random body motion energies and then storing them in an energy storage unit. Both of the harvested energies can be easily converted into electricity by using fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells (for solar energy) and fiber-shaped triboelectric nanogenerators (for random body motion energy) and then further stored as chemical energy in fiber-shaped supercapacitors. Because of the all–fiber-shaped structure of the entire system, our proposed hybridized self-charging textile system can be easily woven into electronic textiles to fabricate smart clothes to sustainably operate mobile or wearable electronics.

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Chen, Yingxu, Jie Gao, Xiaoling Yao, Kai Yan, and Jingdong Zhang. "A portable signal-on self-powered aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of sulfadimethoxine based on dual amplification of a capacitor and biphotoelectrodes." Chemical Communications 57, no. 30 (2021): 3700–3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00730k.

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Van Toan, Nguyen, Truong Thi Kim Tuoi, Nguyen Van Hieu, and Takahito Ono. "Thermoelectric generator with a high integration density for portable and wearable self-powered electronic devices." Energy Conversion and Management 245 (October 2021): 114571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114571.

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Deng, Xuefeng, Yanmin Fu, and Jun Gao. "A Self-Powered Flexible Sensor for Speed Skating Land Technology Monitoring." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3229.

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The Beijing Winter Olympics put forward the concept of scientific and technological Winter Olympics. Digital driving and precision training have become the main melody and high-frequency words in the field of sports training. In this context, the monitoring of athletes’ sports technology is particularly important. Here, a selfpowered flexible sensor based on T-ZnO/PVDF, PAAM-LiCl hydrogel electrode and FEP is proposed to monitor athletes’ sports technology. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the outputting piezoelectric signal by the selfpowered flexible sensor is not only the power supply energy of micro electronic device, but also the biosensor signal. In addition, the hydrogel electrode has the functions of anti-metal fatigue and stretchable flexibility, which can improve the adaptability of human motion machinery. The hybrid of polarized PVDF and T-ZnO enhances the overall outputting piezoelectric performance of the sensor. This study provides a new application idea for human mechanical energy storage, motion technology monitoring and the application of flexible portable self-powered sensors.

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Jia, Changjun, Yongsheng Zhu, Fengxin Sun, Tianming Zhao, Rongda Xing, Yupeng Mao, and Chongle Zhao. "A Flexible and Stretchable Self-Powered Nanogenerator in Basketball Passing Technology Monitoring." Electronics 10, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212584.

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The rapid development of the fifth generation technology poses more challenges in the human motion inspection field. In this study, a nanogenerator, made by PVDF, ionic hydrogel, and PDMS, is used. Furthermore, a transparent, stretchable, and biocompatible PENG (TSB-PENG) is presented, which can be used as a self-powered sensor attached to the athlete’s joints, which helps to monitor the training and improve the subject’s performance. This device shows the ability to maintain a relatively stable output, under various external environments (e.g., inorganic salt, organic matter and temperature). Additionally, TSB-PENG can supply power to small-scale electronic equipment, such as Bluetooth transmitting motion data in real time. This study can provide a new approach to designing lossless, real-time, portable, and durable self-powered sensors in the sports motoring field.

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Zuo, Chaolei, Sa Cai, Ziliang Li, and Xiaosheng Fang. "A transparent, self-powered photodetector based on p-CuI/n-TiO₂ heterojunction film with high on–off ratio." Nanotechnology 33, no. 10 (December 16, 2021): 105202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3e35.

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Abstract Ultraviolet(UV) photodetectors(PDs) can monitor UV radiation, enabling it to be effective for many applications, such as communication, imaging and sensing. The rapid progress on portable and wearable optoelectronic devices places a great demand on self-powered PDs. However, high-performance self-powered PDs are still limited. Herein we display a transparent and self-powered PD based on a p-CuI/n-TiO2 heterojunction, which exhibits a high on–off ratio (∼104 at 310 nm) and a fast response speed (rise time/decay time = 0.11 ms/0.72 ms) without bias. Moreover, the device shows an excellent UV-selective sensitivity as a solar-blind UV PD with a high UV/visible rejection ratio (R 300 nm/R 400 nm = 5.3 × 102), which can be ascribed to the wide bandgaps of CuI and TiO2. This work provides a feasible route for the construction of transparent, self-powered PDs based on p–n heterojunctions.

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Zhou, Qitao, Kyunghun Lee, Shujun Deng, Sangjin Seo, Fan Xia, and Taesung Kim. "Portable triboelectric microfluidic system for self-powered sensors towards in-situ detection." Nano Energy 85 (July 2021): 105980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105980.

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He, Xu, Yunlong Zi, Hua Yu, Steven L. Zhang, Jie Wang, Wenbo Ding, Haiyang Zou, Wei Zhang, Canhui Lu, and Zhong Lin Wang. "An ultrathin paper-based self-powered system for portable electronics and wireless human-machine interaction." Nano Energy 39 (September 2017): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.06.046.

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Sun, Yanshuo, Jianjun Zhang, Chengyu Li, Jin Yang, Hao Li, Tao Jiang, and Baodong Chen. "Double-Network Hydrogel for Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Integrated Electroluminescent Skin with Self-Powered Rapid Visual Sensing." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131928.

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Bio-inspired design plays a very significant role in adapting biological models to technical applications of flexible electronics. The flexible, stretchable, and portable electrode is one of the key technical challenges in the field. Inspired by the responses to mechanical stimuli of natural plants, we designed a highly transparent (over 95%), stretchable (over 1500%), and biocompatible electrode material by using polymerized double-network hydrogel for fabricating a triboelectric nanogenerator (SH-TENG). The SH-TENG can convert tiny mechanical stretching from human movements directly into electrical energy, and is capable of lighting up to 50 LEDs. Benefiting from bio-inspired design, the coplanar, non-overlapping electrode structure breaks through the limitations of conventional electrodes in wearable devices and overcomes the bottleneck of transparent materials. Furthermore, a self-powered raindrop visual sensing system was realized, which can perform quasi-real-time rainfall information monitoring and increase rainfall recognition ability of vehicle automatic driving systems. This study provides a novel strategy for making next-generation stretchable electronic devices and flexible visual sensing systems.

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Mokhtari, Fatemeh, Mahnaz Shamshirsaz, Masoud Latifi, and Javad Foroughi. "Nanofibers-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Technologies." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112697.

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The demands for wearable technologies continue to grow and novel approaches for powering these devices are being enabled by the advent of new energy materials and novel manufacturing strategies. In addition, decreasing the energy consumption of portable electronic devices has created a huge demand for the development of cost-effective and environment friendly alternate energy sources. Energy harvesting materials including piezoelectric polymer with its special properties make this demand possible. Herein, we develop a flexible and lightweight nanogenerator package based on polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)/LiCl electrospun nanofibers. The piezoelectric performance of the developed nanogenator is investigated to evaluate effect of the thickness of the as-spun mat on the output voltage using a vibration and impact test. It is found that the output voltage increases from 1.3 V to 5 V by adding LiCl as additive into the spinning solution compared with pure PVDF. The prepared PVDF/LiCl nanogenerator is able to generate voltage and current output of 3 V and 0.5 μA with a power density output of 0.3 μW cm−2 at the frequency of 200 Hz. It is found also that the developed nanogenerator can be utilized as a sensor to measure temperature changes from 30 °C to 90 °C under static pressure. The developed electrospun temperature sensor showed sensitivity of 0.16%/°C under 100 Pa pressure and 0.06%/°C under 220 Pa pressure. The obtained results suggested the developed energy harvesting textiles have promising applications for various wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems.

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Song, Young Suh, Sungmin Hwang, Kyung Kyu Min, Taejin Jang, Yunho Choi, Junsu Yu, Jong-Ho Lee, and Byung-Gook Park. "Electrical and Thermal Performances of Omega-Shaped-Gate Nanowire Field Effect Transistors for Low Power Operation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17787.

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In this paper, we proposed Omega-Shaped-Gate Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (ONWFET) with different gate coverage ratio (GCR). In order to investigate electrical and self-heating characteristics of the proposed devices, on-current, off-current, subthreshold swing (SS), and operating temperature were examined by using 3D TCAD simulator and compared with nanowire MOSFET (NW-MOSFET). As a result, a possibility of reducing off-current and operating temperature was demonstrated by using the ONWFET with 40% GCR. Therefore, the ONWFET can save power consumption and serve as low power application such as battery-powered portable electronic devices.

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Bukhari, Muhammad Umaid, Arshad Khan, Khawaja Qasim Maqbool, Adeel Arshad, Kashif Riaz, and Amine Bermak. "Waste to energy: Facile, low-cost and environment-friendly triboelectric nanogenerators using recycled plastic and electronic wastes for self-powered portable electronics." Energy Reports 8 (November 2022): 1687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.12.072.

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Zhang, Liangyi, Huan Li, Yiyuan Xie, Jing Guo, and Zhiyuan Zhu. "Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (September 11, 2020): 1394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.123.

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Recently, there has been growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that can effectively convert various forms of mechanical energy input into electrical energy. In the present study, a novel Teflon/vitamin B1 powder based triboelectric nanogenerator (TVB-TENG) is proposed. Paper is utilized as a supporting platform for triboelectrification between a commercial Teflon tape and vitamin B1 powder. The measured open-circuit voltage was approximately 340 V. The TVB-TENG can be applied as a humidity sensor and exhibits a linear and reversible response to the relative humidity of the environment. Moreover, the change in relative humidity is also indicated by the change in luminosity of a set of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) integrated in the TVB-TENG system. The TVB-TENG proposed in this study illustrates a cost-effective method for portable power supply and sensing devices.

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Montes-Cebrián, Yaiza, Lorena del Torno-de Román, Albert Álvarez-Carulla, Jordi Colomer-Farrarons, Shelley D. Minteer, Neus Sabaté, Pere Ll Miribel-Català, and Juan Pablo Esquivel. "‘Plug-and-Power’ Point-of-Care diagnostics: A novel approach for self-powered electronic reader-based portable analytical devices." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 118 (October 2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.034.

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Reshma, K., B. Indumathy, R. Gunasekhar, and Anand Prabu Arun. "A Review on Electrospun PVDF-Metal Nanoparticle Composites for Electronic Applications." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13289ecst.

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In this review, we have discussed on the latest development in metal nanoparticle composites based on PVDF via electrospinning process for electronic applications. Human robotics, wireless-data communication, nanogenerators, wearable biocompatible/bio-inspirable sensors, motion detectors, and actuators have become a key component in self-powered IoT devices. Due to the power demand, an urge is in the industry for fabricating portable, flexible, and sustainable green micro and nano devices. PVDF and its copolymers have attracted greater attention because of their excellent piezoelectric, dielectric, magnetic, and good mechanical properties, suitable for lightweight application and due to the biocompatible nature. Piezoelectric property can be enhanced with the addition of different metal nanoparticles and can be used for various application like sensor, actuators, energy harvesters, health monitors, EMI shielding. Interesting results reported by many research groups working in this field is consolidated in this review paper.

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Chen, Yingxu, Weihao Ji, Jie Gao, Kai Yan, and Jingdong Zhang. "A self-powered aptasensor using the capacitor-amplified signal of a photofuel cell and a portable digital multimeter readout." Chemical Communications 56, no. 69 (2020): 10034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03745a.

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A capacitor that acts as signal amplifier and a digital multimeter that serves as the readout are coupled with a photocatalytic fuel cell to construct a self-powered sensing system for the detection of streptomycin.

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Balaji, Vidhya, Kurt Castro, and Albert Folch. "A Laser-Engraving Technique for Portable Micropneumatic Oscillators." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090426.

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Microfluidic automation technology is at a stage where the complexity and cost of external hardware control often impose severe limitations on the size and functionality of microfluidic systems. Developments in autonomous microfluidics are intended to eliminate off-chip controls to enable scalable systems. Timing is a fundamental component of the digital logic required to manipulate fluidic flow. The authors present a self-driven pneumatic ring oscillator manufactured by assembling an elastomeric sheet of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) between two laser-engraved polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layers via surface activation through treatment with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The frequency of the fabricated oscillators is in the range of 3–7.5 Hz with a maximum of 14 min constant frequency syringe-powered operation. The control of a fluidic channel with the oscillator stages is demonstrated. The fabrication process represents an improvement in manufacturability compared to previous molding or etching approaches, and the resulting devices are inexpensive and portable, making the technology potentially applicable for wider use.

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Lee, Jin, Jae Lee, and Jeong Baik. "The Progress of PVDF as a Functional Material for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Sensors." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100532.

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Ever since a new energy harvesting technology, known as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), was reported in 2012, the rapid development of device fabrication techniques and mechanical system designs have considerably made the instantaneous output power increase up to several tens of mW/cm2. With this innovative technology, a lot of researchers experimentally demonstrated that various portable/wearable devices could be operated without any external power. This article provides a comprehensive review of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based polymers as effective dielectrics in TENGs for further increase of the output power to speed up commercialization of the TENGs, as well as the fundamental issues regarding the materials. In the end, we will also review PVDF-based sensors based on the triboelectric and piezoelectric effects of the PVDF polymers.

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Gonzalez-Guerrero, Maria Jose, and Frank A. Gomez. "Miniaturized Al/AgO coin shape and self-powered battery featuring painted paper electrodes for portable applications." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 273 (November 2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.06.016.

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Brochu, Nathaniel, Benjamin Belanger-Huot, Dmytro Humeniuk, Lingling Gong, Mehran Abbaszadeh Amirdehi, Jesse Greener, and Amine Miled. "Bacteria Energy Recovery System Using Natural Soil Bacteria in Microbial Fuel Cells." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154393.

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This paper describes a two-cycle bacteria energy recovery system (BERS) to power two embedded sensors: an ultra-low portable pH sensor and a sound sensor. The designed unit can handle up to seven microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to charge a super-capacitor. This allows the BERS to provide a constant 0.14 mW without further electrical components for signal conditioning. The two cycles were driven with a 100 kΩ load and a 10 Hz frequency. The BERS is also self-powered with an integrated start-up unit to be self-activated when the MFCs charge the energy-storing unit after three days. The BERS powered pH sensor has an error below 5% at 25 ∘C and is able to work continuously while being activated for 4 h. The performances of the pH and sound sensors were determined based on a compromise between accuracy and power consumption.

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Fu, Yongming, Weili Zang, Penglei Wang, Lili Xing, Xinyu Xue, and Yan Zhang. "Portable room-temperature self-powered/active H2 sensor driven by human motion through piezoelectric screening effect." Nano Energy 8 (September 2014): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.05.012.

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Guan, Rongxin, Ziqi Wang, Xinchao Gao, Mailun Shen, Xihong Wang, Bowen Zhang, Zhe Sun, Mengmeng Zhang, Boyang Li, and Song Chen. "A Self-Powered Intelligent Tactile Electric Skin Based on ZnO/Fabrics for Real-Time Monitoring Grabbing of Snowboard." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2693.

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Real-time monitoring of the position and duration of the snowboarder's grab in the air plays an very important role in scientifically improving the stability and innovation of the movement. Meanwhile, it also provides accurate scientific basis and judgment for the judges to identify the movement in the competition. By using four-needle ZnO nanowires combined with ordinary textile fabrics, a flexible device that can be attached to skis has been created. The device could output piezoelectric signals (working without external power source) served as both power source and sensing signal. Based on this, a snowboard has been modified to monitor the contact position and duration, when any touch or grab occurs on the snowboard. Undeniably, this work has created a new and more scientific monitoring system for snowboarding competitions and training. In addition, it's provide a viable method to promote the directions of sport competitions and equipment with constantly updating portable equipment.

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Pazhamalai, Parthiban, Vimal Kumar Mariappan, Surjit Sahoo, Woo Young Kim, Young Sun Mok, and Sang-Jae Kim. "Free-Standing PVDF/Reduced Graphene Oxide Film for All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors towards Self-Powered Systems." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020198.

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The development of polymer-based devices has attracted much attention due to their miniaturization, flexibility, lightweight and sustainable power sources with high efficiency in the field of wearable/portable electronics, and energy system. In this work, we proposed a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based composite matrix for both energy harvesting and energy storage applications. The physicochemical characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction, laser Raman, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses, were performed for the electrospun PVDF/sodium niobate and PVDF/reduced graphene oxide composite film. The electrospun PVDF/sodium niobate nanofibrous mat has been utilized for the energy harvester which shows an open circuit voltage of 40 V (peak to peak) at an applied compressive force of 40 N. The PVDF/reduced graphene oxide composite film acts as the electrode for the symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device fabrication and investigated for their supercapacitive properties. Finally, the self-charging system has been assembled using PVDF/sodium niobate (energy harvester), and PVDF/reduced graphene oxide SSC (energy storage) and the self-charging capability is investigated. The proposed self-charging system can create a pathway for the all-polymer based composite high-performance self-charging system.

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Zhu, Xiaorui, Mengqi Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, Changjun Jia, and Yingqiu Zhang. "A Portable and Low-Cost Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wheelchair Table Tennis Monitoring." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244189.

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With progress in fifth-generation techniques, more advanced techniques are available for disabled people. Disability table tennis has also benefited from the new technology. In this paper, a portable and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator for wheelchair table tennis monitoring systems is proposed. It was applied for wheelchair table tennis athletes’ monitoring. The portable and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator consists of Kapton, polyurethane triboelectric films, and a foam supporting layer. The materials have flexible and low-cost characteristics. Therefore, the device has no influence on exercise performance. Due to triboelectric and electrostatic induction, the portable and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator can convert biomechanical signals into electric signals. The electric signal is used as a sensing signal and is transformed in a computer by an Analog-to-Digital acquisition module. The coach acquires motion information in real time from a terminal device regarding force, exercise amplitude, and stability of the athlete. Meanwhile, the electric signal provides also sustainable energy for the microelectronic device. It can light 20 LEDs easily and power a calculator and a watch. This portable and low-cost self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator offers a new approach to the field of motion monitoring for disabled people.

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Fan, Feng Ru, and Wenzhuo Wu. "Emerging Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Monolayer Materials for Energy Harvesting." Research 2019 (November 9, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/7367828.

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Two-dimensional (2-D) materials of atomic thickness have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent electrical, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, which make them attractive for electronic devices, sensors, and energy systems. Scavenging the otherwise wasted energy from the ambient environment into electrical power holds promise to address the emerging energy needs, in particular for the portable and wearable devices. The versatile properties of 2-D materials together with their atomically thin body create diverse possibilities for the conversion of ambient energy. The present review focuses on the recent key advances in emerging energy-harvesting devices based on monolayer 2-D materials through various mechanisms such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hydrovoltaic devices, as well as progress for harvesting the osmotic pressure and Wi-Fi wireless energy. The representative achievements regarding the monolayer heterostructures and hybrid devices are also discussed. Finally, we provide a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for 2-D monolayer material-based energy-harvesting devices in the development of self-powered electronics and wearable technologies.

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Fan, Yu-Jui, Ming-Zheng Huang, Yu-Cheng Hsiao, Yu-Wen Huang, Chih-Zong Deng, Cheng Yeh, Rashaad A. Husain, and Zong-Hong Lin. "Enhancing the sensitivity of portable biosensors based on self-powered ion concentration polarization and electrical kinetic trapping." Nano Energy 69 (March 2020): 104407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104407.

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Khan, Atif Sardar, and Farid Ullah Khan. "Experimentation of a Wearable Self-Powered Jacket Harvesting Body Heat for Wearable Device Applications." Journal of Sensors 2021 (December 11, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976089.

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The development of special wearable/portable electronic devices for health monitoring is rapidly growing to cope with different health parameters. The emergence of wearable devices and its growing demand has widened the scope of self-powered wearable devices with the possibility to eliminate batteries. For instance, the wearable thermoelectric energy harvester (TEEH) is an alternate to batteries, which has been used in this study to develop four different self-powered wearable jacket prototypes and experimentally validated. It is observed that the thermal resistance of the cold side without a heat sink of prototype 4 is much greater than the rest of the proposed prototypes. Besides that, the thermal resistance of prototype 4 heat sinks is even lower among all proposed prototypes. Therefore, prototype 4 would have a relatively higher heat transfer coefficient which results in improved power generation. Moreover, an increase in heat transfer coefficient is observed with an increase in the temperature difference of the cold and hot sides of a TEEH. Thus, on the cold side, a heat flow increases which benefits heat dissipation and in turn reduces the thermal resistance of the heat sink. Besides that, the developed prototypes on people show that power generation is also affected by factors like ambient temperature, person’s activity, and wind breeze and does not depend on the metabolism. A different mechanism has been explored to maximize the power output within a 16.0 cm2 area, in order to justify the wearability of the energy harvester. Furthermore, it is observed that during the sunlight, any material covering the TEEH would improve the performance of prototypes. Prototypes are integrated into jacket and studied extensively. The TEEH system was designed to produce a maximum delivering power and power density of 699.71 μW and 43.73 μW/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the maximum voltage produced is 62.6 mV at an optimal load of 5.6 Ω. Furthermore, the TEEH (prototype 4) is connected to a power management circuit of ECT310 and LTC3108 and has been able to power 18 LEDs.

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Cabanas, Manés F., Francisco Pedrayes, Carlos H. Rojas, Manuel G. Melero, Joaquín G. Norniella, Gonzalo A. Orcajo, José M. Cano, Fernando Nuno, and David R. Fuentes. "A New Portable, Self-Powered, and Wireless Instrument for the Early Detection of Broken Rotor Bars in Induction Motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 10 (October 2011): 4917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2109340.

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Wang, Yuan, Laipan Zhu, and Cuifeng Du. "Progress in Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on PVDF Composite Films." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111278.

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In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of energy harvesting to satisfy increasing needs for portable, sustainable, and renewable energy. Among piezoelectric materials, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are the most promising materials for piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) due to their unique electroactivity, high flexibility, good machinability, and long–term stability. So far, PVDF–based PENGs have made remarkable progress. In this paper, the effects of the existence of various nanofillers, including organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites, inorganic lead halide perovskites, perovskite–type oxides, semiconductor piezoelectric materials, two–dimensional layered materials, and ions, in PVDF and its copolymer structure on their piezoelectric response and energy–harvesting properties are reviewed. This review will enable researchers to understand the piezoelectric mechanisms of the PVDF–based composite–film PENGs, so as to effectively convert environmental mechanical stimulus into electrical energy, and finally realize self–powered sensors or high–performance power sources for electronic devices.

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Lu, Zhuo, Changjun Jia, Xu Yang, Yongsheng Zhu, Fengxin Sun, Tianming Zhao, Shouwei Zhang, and Yupeng Mao. "A Flexible TENG Based on Micro-Structure Film for Speed Skating Techniques Monitoring and Biomechanical Energy Harvesting." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091576.

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Wearable motion-monitoring systems have been widely used in recent years. However, the battery energy storage problem of traditional wearable devices limits the development of human sports training applications. In this paper, a self-powered and portable micro-structure triboelectric nanogenerator (MS-TENG) has been made. It consists of micro-structure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film, and lithium chloride polyacrylamide (LiCl-PAAM) hydrogel. Through the micro-structure, the voltage of the MS-TENG can be improved by 7 times. The MS-TENG provides outstanding sensing properties: maximum output voltage of 74 V, angular sensitivity of 1.016 V/degree, high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent long-term service stability. We used it to monitor the running skills of speed skaters. It can also store the biomechanical energy which is generated in the process of speed skating through capacitors. It demonstrates capability of sensor to power electronic calculator and electronic watch. In addition, as a flexible electrode hydrogel, it can readily stretch over 1300%, which can help improve the service life and work stability of MS-TENG. Therefore, MS-TENG has great application potential in human sports training monitoring and big data analysis.

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Grant, Nicholas, Brian Geiss, Stuart Field, August Demann, and Thomas W. Chen. "Design of a Hand-Held and Battery-Operated Digital Microfluidic Device Using EWOD for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091065.

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Microfluidics offer many advantages to Point of Care (POC) devices through lower reagent use and smaller size. Additionally, POC devices offer the unique potential to conduct tests outside of the laboratory. In particular, Electro-wetting on Dielectric (EWOD) microfluidics has been shown to be an effective way to move and mix liquids enabling many PoC devices. However, much of the research surrounding these microfluidic systems are focused on a single aspect of the system capability, such as droplet control or a specific new application at the device level using the EWOD technology. Often in these experiments the supporting systems required for operation are bench top equipment such as function generators, power supplies, and personal computers. Although various aspects of how an EWOD device is capable of moving and mixing droplets have been demonstrated at various levels, a complete self-contained and portable lab-on-a-chip system based on the EWOD technology has not been well demonstrated. For instance, EWOD systems tend to use high voltage alternating current (AC) signals to actuate electrodes, but little consideration is given to circuitry size or power consumption of such components to make the entire system portable. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of integrating all supporting hardware and software to correctly operate an EWOD device in a completely self-contained and battery-powered handheld unit. We present results that demonstrate a complete sample preparation flow for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and isolation. The device was designed to be a field deployable, hand-held platform capable of performing many other sample preparation tasks automatically. Liquids are transported using EWOD and controlled via a programmable microprocessor. The programmable nature of the device allows it to be configured for a variety of tests for different applications. Many considerations were given towards power consumption, size, and system complexity which make it ideal for use in a mobile environment. The results presented in this paper show a promising step forward to the portable capability of microfluidic devices based on the EWOD technology.

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Singh, Vishal. "Deposition of Energy using Piezoelectric Material and its Application in TPMS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36103.

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The limited lifespan in portable, remote and implantable devices and the need to recharge or replace batteries periodically has been a consistent issue. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of thermal energy, vibrational energy and solar energy. Among these energy sources, vibrational energy presents a constant presence in nature and artificial structures. Energy harvesting through piezoelectric materials by extracting power from ambient vibrations is a promising technology. The material is capable to harvest sufficient energy required to make autonomous and self-powered electronic systems. The characteristic of piezoelectric material is electromechanical coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. The design of a piezoelectric device for the purpose of storing the kinetic energy of random vibrations at the wheel of a vehicle is presented. The harvester is optimized to power the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The aim is to make of the value of power and voltage outputs for different input frequency conditions. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery operated one, in this paper bimorph is designed to powering a TPMS commercial feasibility of this option is compared to existing TPMS modules, which require batteries for operation.

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Sun, Zhongda, Minglu Zhu, and Chengkuo Lee. "Progress in the Triboelectric Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs)-Moving from Smart Gloves to AI/Haptic Enabled HMI in the 5G/IoT Era." Nanoenergy Advances 1, no. 1 (September 19, 2021): 81–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv1010005.

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Entering the 5G and internet of things (IoT) era, human–machine interfaces (HMIs) capable of providing humans with more intuitive interaction with the digitalized world have experienced a flourishing development in the past few years. Although the advanced sensing techniques based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) or microelectromechanical system (MEMS) solutions, e.g., camera, microphone, inertial measurement unit (IMU), etc., and flexible solutions, e.g., stretchable conductor, optical fiber, etc., have been widely utilized as sensing components for wearable/non-wearable HMIs development, the relatively high-power consumption of these sensors remains a concern, especially for wearable/portable scenarios. Recent progress on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) self-powered sensors provides a new possibility for realizing low-power/self-sustainable HMIs by directly converting biomechanical energies into valuable sensory information. Leveraging the advantages of wide material choices and diversified structural design, TENGs have been successfully developed into various forms of HMIs, including glove, glasses, touchpad, exoskeleton, electronic skin, etc., for sundry applications, e.g., collaborative operation, personal healthcare, robot perception, smart home, etc. With the evolving artificial intelligence (AI) and haptic feedback technologies, more advanced HMIs could be realized towards intelligent and immersive human–machine interactions. Hence, in this review, we systematically introduce the current TENG HMIs in the aspects of different application scenarios, i.e., wearable, robot-related and smart home, and prospective future development enabled by the AI/haptic-feedback technology. Discussion on implementing self-sustainable/zero-power/passive HMIs in this 5G/IoT era and our perspectives are also provided.

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Mariello, Massimo. "Heart Energy Harvesting and Cardiac Bioelectronics: Technologies and Perspectives." Nanoenergy Advances 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 344–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv2040018.

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Nanogenerators are a recently emerging technology which is able to cost-effectively harvest energy from renewable and clean energy sources at the micro/nano-scale. Their applications in the field of self-powered sensing systems and portable power supplying devices have been increasing in recent years. Wearable and implantable electromechanical/electrochemical transducers for energy harvesting represent a novel alternative to chemical batteries for low-power devices and to exploit the energy conveyed by human biomechanics. The human heart, in particular, is a compelling in vivo source of continuous biomechanical energy and is a natural battery which can power implantable or wearable medical devices. This review describes the recent advances in cardiac wearable/implantable soft and flexible devices and nanogenerators for energy harvesting (piezoelectric nanogenerators, triboelectric nanogenerators, biofuel cells, solar cells, etc.), as well as cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in a more general sense, as components of more complex self-sustainable bioelectronic systems for controlling irregular heartbeats or for interventional therapy for cardiac diseases. The main types of soft heart energy harvesters (HEHs) and heart bioelectronic systems (HBSs) are covered and classified, with a detailed presentation of state-of-the-art devices, and the advances in terms of materials choice, chemical functionalization, and design engineering are highlighted. In vivo bioelectronic cardiac interfaces are outlined as well as soft devices for in vitro cardiac models (patch and organoids). Cutting-edge 3D/4D bioprinting techniques of cardiac tissue are also mentioned. The technical challenges for the practical application and commercialization of soft HBSs are discussed at the end of this paper.

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Mao, Yupeng, Fengxin Sun, Yongsheng Zhu, Changjun Jia, Tianming Zhao, Chaorui Huang, Caixia Li, Ning Ba, Tongtong Che, and Song Chen. "Nanogenerator-Based Wireless Intelligent Motion Correction System for Storing Mechanical Energy of Human Motion." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116944.

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As it is urgently needed to address the energy consumption and health care problems caused by population growth, the field of sustainable energy collection and storage equipment as well as intelligent health care for monitoring human motion behavior has received wide attention and achieved rapid development. However, the portable intelligent systems that integrate them have not been widely discussed. In this work, we propose a design of a nanogenerator-based wireless intelligent motion correction system, combining triboelectric nanogenerator technology with wireless intelligent host computer signal processing and visualization systems. Under the condition of no external power supply, a noninvasive triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG) sensor integrated system stores the mechanical energy due to human movement behavior and drives wireless micro-electronic devices to realize the human–computer interaction application of the intelligent system. In the conducted test, the reported instantaneous output of an ordinary clap action was around 241V. For a variety of physical exercise types being monitored, it can accurately determine human movement behavior and perform error correction and scoring for movement techniques. Additionally, using hydrogel as an electrode improves the service life and stability of the device. Therefore, this flexible and convenient design concept is beneficial to the development and utilization of sustainable energy and sports activities. In addition, it extends the application prospects of FL-TENG in self-powered sensing systems.

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Wang, Engui, Yu Cao, Yuan Bai, Yansong Gai, Yizhu Shan, Qi Li, Tao Jiang, Hongqing Feng, and Zhou Li. "A triboelectric nanosensor based on ultra-thin MXene composite paper for heavy metal ion detection." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 044003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac542b.

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Abstract Heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious in recent decades with the progress of industrialization, posing a significant threat to human health. This raises the demand for portable and ease of use heavy metal ion detection devices. In this study, we develop ultra-thin (5 µm) and highly flexible composite paper of MXene/bacterial cellulose (M/BC x , with x denoting the BC content) and apply it in a self-powered triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) to do heavy metal ion detection. The M/BC x composite paper is fabricated using a simple vacuum filtration method, and combines the advantages of the high electrical conductivity of MXene with the excellent mechanical properties of BC. The TENS employs the M/BC x composite paper and polytetrafluoroethylene as the friction layers, and the influences of different ratios of M/BC x on the electrical signals is investigated. The TENS shows high sensitivity in the detection of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Zn2+, as the detection limit is as low as 1 µM without the need of ligand molecules. A linear range of 10–300 µM is obtained. The TENS also shows excellent stability after more than 10 000 continuous operations. This simple-structured, cost-effective and durable TENS device provides new insights into the methodology of heavy metal ion detection and can be further developed for the detection of the corresponding ions in serum.

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Wang, Quan, Kyung-Bum Kim, Sang-Bum Woo, Yooseob Song, and Tae-Hyun Sung. "A Magneto-Mechanical Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Designed to Scavenge AC Magnetic Field from Thermal Power Plant with Power-Line Cables." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092387.

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Piezoelectric energy harvesters have attracted much attention because they are crucial in portable industrial applications. Here, we report on a high-power device based on a magneto-mechanical piezoelectric energy harvester to scavenge the AC magnetic field from a power-line cable for industrial applications. The electrical output performance of the harvester (×4 layers) reached an output voltage of 60.8 Vmax, an output power of 215 mWmax (98 mWrms), and a power density of 94.5 mWmax/cm3 (43.5 mWrms/cm3) at an impedance matching of 5 kΩ under a magnetic field of 80 μT. The multilayer energy harvester enables high-output performance, presenting an obvious advantage given this improved level of output power. Finite element simulations were also performed to support the experimental observations. The generator was successfully used to power a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use on an IoT device composed of a temperature sensor in a thermal power station. The result shows that the magneto-mechanical piezoelectric energy harvester (MPEH) demonstrated is capable of meeting the requirements of self-powered monitoring systems under a small magnetic field, and is quite promising for use in actual industrial applications.

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Sasmal, Abhishek, Aniket Patra, and Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan. "Tuning the space charge polarization of PVDF based ternary composite for piezo-tribo hybrid energy harvesting." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 13 (September 26, 2022): 133902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112545.

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Enhancement in the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators by using different suitable techniques is of tremendous interest among researchers. Here, we propose an easy and cost-effective technique to improve the output performance of the rarely explored poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based piezo-tribo hybrid nanogenerators. The space charge polarization of the PVDF based composites has been tuned here by forming a PVDF/0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3 (BCZT)/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) based ternary composite. Along with the improved piezoelectricity of PVDF–BCZT based binary composites, the addition of a third MWCNT phase has helped in significantly improving the space charge polarization. The ac conductivity is increased to 5.29 × 10−12 and 1.23 × 10−11 Ω−1 cm−1 for the binary and ternary composites, respectively, from a value of 7.64 × 10−13 Ω−1 cm−1 (at 1 kHz) for neat PVDF. This improved conducting pathway formed by the increased space charge polarization has supported the easy transportation of mobile charge carriers within the composite film and film to the electrode, which has augmented the overall output piezo-tribo hybrid energy harvesting performance of the device. An ultrahigh output power density of ∼150 μW/cm2 has been achieved for the said ternary system, which suppresses the value of output power density of the other similar kind of devices fabricated via a similar technique. The applicability of this device has been further demonstrated by using it in powering up small electronic devices and in different sensing and energy harvesting applications. Thus, the device, after further tuning of its dimension, may be applied as a power source in various low-power-consuming portable electronic systems and self-powered sensing devices.

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Shi, Xingxing, Shuidong Zhang, and Shaoqin Gong. "A self-powered and arch-structured triboelectric nanogenerator for portable electronics and human-machine communication." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 18 (2020): 8997–9005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta02178d.

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Lu, Zhuo, Yuzhang Wen, Xu Yang, Dan Li, Bocong Liu, Yaotian Zhang, Jiabin Zhu, Yongsheng Zhu, Shouwei Zhang, and Yupeng Mao. "A Wireless Intelligent Motion Correction System for Skating Monitoring Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020320.

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Smart sport and big data have become inextricably linked with new technologies and devices to monitor sport-related information in real time. In this paper, a lightweight, portable and self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator (LPS-TENG) has been developed to monitor the frequency and force of skaters’ pedaling. Friction layers are formed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon films. Based on the triboelectric effect, LPS-TENG does not require an external power supply, and it can be used to monitor biomechanical motion independently. Under the conditions of 1 Hz and 17.19 N, the outputting voltage of LPS-TENG is stabilized at 14 V. Wireless data transmission is achieved with the help of the LPS-TENG and AD module. Visual feedback is provided by the upper computer system in the process of processing data. The wireless intelligent motion correction system is composed of an LPS-TENG, an AD module and a back-end computer. It can clearly analyze the changes between different frequencies and forces during skating. Results showed that the signal of tester’s high-frequency and great-force motion, was transmitted to the computer, and its feedback was given after analysis and processing successfully. The system may help coaches develop training methods, means and tactics to increase athletes’ performance and competitive level in athletic sport. The purpose of this study is to provide new ideas for monitoring skaters’ sport techniques, promote the use of force sensors in the monitoring of sport and develop intelligent assistant training systems.

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Sarkar, Piyush Kanti, Subrata Maji, and Somobrata Acharya. "Self-Powered Sensors and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Powering Portable Electronics." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 1741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.14221.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-Powered Portable Electronic'

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