Journal articles: 'Self-Perceptions of sex'

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Grossmann, Atina. "Victims, Villains, and Survivors: Gendered Perceptions and Self-Perceptions of Jewish Displaced Persons in Occupied Postwar Germany." Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, no. 1 (2002): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sex.2002.0005.

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Lee Sargent, Stephanie, and James B. Weaver. "Listening Styles: Sex Differences in Perceptions of Self and others." International Journal of Listening 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2003.10499052.

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Bowen, Kendra, Erika Frenzel, and Jason D. Spraitz. "Sex offender registration and notification laws: thoughts from registered sex offenders in three states." Safer Communities 15, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-12-2015-0040.

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Purpose – In the USA, sex offender policy research has focussed on demographic characteristics of registrants, recidivism rates of registrants, accuracy and completeness of listed information, and the collateral consequences experienced by registrants. This growing body of research demonstrates the need to explore offender perceptions of sex offender registration and notification (SORN) laws. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether registration related variables influenced sex offenders’ opinions about the registry, compliance with the registry, self-worth, and deterrence perceptions. Design/methodology/approach – This paper utilized a sample of 286 male registered sex offenders (RSO) in Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin. Four multivariate regression models were run to examine registration related variables impact on sex offender opinions of the registry, registry compliance, feelings of self-worth, and perceptions of deterrence. Findings – The multivariate regression results suggest registration related variables have a significant impact on RSO opinion of the registry, compliance with the registry, and opinions of self. Specifically, the number of collateral consequences that one experienced, police contacts that RSOs had, and being recognized as a sex offender were significantly related to the dependent variables in the regression models. Originality/value – This study adds to the body of research that indicates sex offenders experience a myriad of consequences that are outside the scope of the registered sex offender laws. Policy implications and societal consequences of these findings are discussed, as well as a future research agenda.

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Spinath, Frank M., Birgit Spinath, and Robert Plomin. "The nature and nurture of intelligence and motivation in the origins of sex differences in elementary school achievement." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 3 (May 2008): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.677.

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This study investigates the roles of intelligence and school‐related motivation in sex differences in school achievement and whether there are sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on these variables. In a sample of 4464 9‐year‐old twins, intelligence, ablility self‐perceptions, intrinsic values and achievement scores were assessed. Girls outperformed boys in English and had better corresponding ability self‐perceptions, whereas in Math boys showed better attainment and ability self‐perceptions. For both sexes and all three domains, intelligence was the strongest predictor of achievement and ability self‐perceptions added incrementally to the prediction. Evidence of genetic influences was found for all measures but shared environmental influences were not important. These findings challenge some widely held assumptions about the development of children's motivation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Yu, Shuli, Sharon Marshall, Lesley Cottrell, Xiaoming Li, Hongjie Liu, Lynette Deveaux, Carole Harris, Nanika Brathwaite, Sonja Lunn, and Bonita Stanton. "Longitudinal predictability of sexual perceptions on subsequent behavioural intentions among Bahamian preadolescents." Sexual Health 5, no. 1 (2008): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07040.

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Objectives: To assess the relationship of baseline behavioural intentions and sexual perceptions with subsequent intentions regarding sexual initiation and condom use in Bahamian preadolescents. Method: Longitudinal data were obtained at baseline and 8 months later from 424 sexually inexperienced Bahamian youth aged 9–12 years, who served as ‘controls’ in a HIV risk-reduction intervention study. Sexual perceptions were measured based on a social cognitive model, protection motivation theory. Results: Baseline intention to have sex was a strong predictor of follow-up intention to engage in sex for boys, but was not a predictor for girls. Baseline condom use intention was not related to subsequent intention to use condoms for either male or female youth. Perceptions of girls, compared with boys, were less endorsing of sexual initiation. Some protection motivation theory constructs regarding sexual perceptions were predictive of subsequent behavioural intentions. Among boys, low perceived self-efficacy to avoid sexual intercourse and positive feelings about having sex predicted their intention to have sex. Among girls, perceived peer sexual behaviour and a limited understanding of the adverse consequences of sexual intercourse were predictors of their subsequent intention to initiate sex. Perceived self-efficacy to use condoms and response efficacy of condom use were significant predictors of condom use intention for both boys and girls. Conclusions: These results suggest that prevention intervention efforts should target predictive perceptions and consider sex differences in sexual perceptions.

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Doan, Long, Natasha Quadlin, and Brian Powell. "Americans’ Perceptions of Transgender People’s Sex: Evidence from a National Survey Experiment." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311985201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119852015.

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Drawing on the first national survey experiment of its kind ( n = 3,922), the authors examine Americans’ perceptions of transgender people’s sex and the factors that underlie these perceptions. The authors randomly assigned respondents to a vignette condition describing a transgender person whose self-identified gender (i.e., identifies as a man or a woman), age (i.e., adult or teenager), and gender conformity in physical appearance (i.e., conforming, nonconforming, ambiguous, or unspecified) had been experimentally manipulated. Then, respondents were asked how they would personally classify that person’s sex. The findings suggest that Americans are more likely to perceive a transgender person’s sex as consistent with their sex assigned at birth than with their gender identity. Furthermore, of the experimental manipulations included in the experiment, only the transgender person’s level of gender conformity—not their self-identified gender or age—affects public perceptions of sex. The authors also find distinct cleavages along sociodemographic lines, including politics, sexual orientation, and interpersonal contact with transgender people. Implications for research on sex and gender are discussed.

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Duke, J. D. "Sex Differences in Self-Perceptions among a Sample of College Students." Psychological Reports 62, no. 3 (June 1988): 993–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.993.

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A sample of 148 female and 85 male college subjects responded to 75 items about personal behaviors and opinions. While 22 significant associations were found, sex did not relate to items dealing with authoritarianism, locus of control, self-monitoring, and Machiavellianism.

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Doornwaard, Suzan M., David S. Bickham, Michael Rich, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Regina J. J. M. van den Eijnden, and Tom F. M. ter Bogt. "Sex-Related Online Behaviors and Adolescents’ Body and Sexual Self-Perceptions." Pediatrics 134, no. 6 (November 17, 2014): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0592.

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Godin, Gaston, Roy J. Shephard, and Angela Colantonio. "Children's Perception of Parental Exercise: Influence of Sex and Age." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 2 (April 1986): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.2.511.

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The purpose of the study was to document children's perception of parental exercise, relating these perceptions to (1) the self-reported parents' habits of exercise, and (2) the children's own activity patterns. The subjects were 198 students of both sexes, aged 12 to 14 yr. and enrolled in school Grades 7 to 9. A standard questionnaire assessed their perceptions of parental and personal physical activity. Both parents of each subject also reported their respective levels of habitual physical activity. Congruence between the children's perceptions and the self-reported exercise habits of the opposite-sex parent differed for boys and girls, increasing for boys and decreasing for girls between Grades 7 and 9. No significant associations were observed between the children's perception of parental exercise patterns and their own like habits. This suggests that during adolescence parental influences are minimized by other factors, personal or environmental.

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Delcourt, Marcia A. B., Heather D. Lyn, and F. Gillian Rejskind. "Self-Perceptions of Low- and High-Ability Adolescents in a Caribbean Context." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 20, no. 3 (April 1997): 224–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329702000303.

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This study investigated the self-perceptions of low- and high-ability adolescents in a rural community of Jamaica, West Indies. The participants were 95 low-ability and 100 high-ability students who were rigidly tracked into two separate schools. The survey, How I See Myself and Feel About Myself, was specifically designed for this investigation because a review of instruments revealed that the content of previously published surveys was not compatible with the Jamaican culture. Student responses from the developed survey were compared to the subscales of Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) and to categories developed by the researchers. The effects of ability level and sex were also considered.

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DAROM, EFRAIM, and YISRAEL RICH. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD SCHOOL: STUDENT SELF-REPORTS AND TEACHER PERCEPTIONS." British Journal of Educational Psychology 58, no. 3 (November 1988): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1988.tb00911.x.

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Garwood, Justin D. "Reader Self-Perceptions of Secondary Students With and At Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders." Journal of Special Education 53, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466919834338.

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Perception of one’s ability as a reader is a key construct for improving adolescent literacy outcomes, but this research has not yet been extended to students with disabilities. The current study attempted to address this research gap with a sample of 152 secondary students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Results include a description of these students’ reader self-perceptions, a comparison to a larger sample of students without EBD, and exploration of variables associated with self-perceptions of reading ability. Demographic variables (e.g., sex, race), degree of behavior problems, and physiological states were significant predictors of self-perceptions. Discussion focuses on how practitioners can assess students’ self-perceptions to guide their instruction and on future directions for research.

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Walker, Elaine F., and Judith Rossiter. "Schizophrenic Patients’ Self-perceptions: Legal and Clinical Implications." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 17, no. 1 (March 1989): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318538901700106.

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The present research is concerned with schizophrenic patients’ perceptions of their own mental health and the relationship of these perceptions to clinical characteristics and cognitive performance. A structured interview was administered to 20 male and 16 female outpatients. When queried about their mental status, 30% of the males and 6% of the females reported that they did not perceive themselves as mentally ill. This sex difference was statistically significant, and there were trends toward greater willingness on the part of women to acknowledge symptoms. Patients who stated that they perceived themselves to be mentally ill had a shorter duration of most recent hospitalization, a smaller number of previous hospitalizations, and greater compliance with treatment. These patients also showed better performance on a measure of attentional abilities. The results are inconsistent with the idea that self-labeling in mental illness has negative consequences. The theoretical, clinical and legal implications of the findings are discussed.

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Mansson, Daniel H. "Grandchildren’s Perceptions of Grandparents’ Use of Relational Maintenance Behaviors." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 91, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019852776.

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The purposes of this study were to examine (a) grandchildren’s perceptions of the extent to which their grandparents’ use relational maintenance behaviors; (b) grandchildren’s perceived differences in grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors as functions of grandparent sex, grandchild sex, and grandparent–grandchild (GP-GC) family lineage; and (c) the relationships between grandchildren’s perceptions of their grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors and the grandchildren’s self-reported GP-GC relational characteristics. Young adult grandchildren ( N = 209) completed a questionnaire in reference to a specific GP-GC relationship. Descriptive statistics indicated that grandparents use the seven relational maintenance behaviors (i.e., advice, assurances, conflict management, networks, openness, positivity, and tasks) to different degrees. However, the multivariate analyses of variance did not indicate any significant effects for grandparent and grandchild sex or GP-GC family lineage on perceived grandparental use of relational maintenance behaviors. Conversely, Pearson correlations provided support for the hypothesized positive relationships between grandchildren’s perceptions of their grandparents’ use of relational maintenance behaviors and the grandchildren’s self-reported GP-GC relational characteristics.

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Mcnamara, Kathleen, and Gil Hackett. "GENDER, SEX-TYPE AND COGNITIVE DISTORTION: SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE AMONG MILD DEPRESSIVES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.1.113.

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This study investigated the relationship of gender and sex-type to the accuracy of self-perceptions of social competence in depressed and non depressed college students. Three hundred and eighty subjects were initially screened and based on their diagnostic category,82 subjects (40 depressed; 42 non depressed) were selected and randomly assigned to small discussion groups. Ss rated themselves and were rated by group peers and trained observers on a measure of social competence. Analyses of the social competence ratings by sex, sex-type, and diagnostic category revealed that the peer and self-ratings of the non depressed Ss were significantly higher than those ratings of the depressed Ss. Observers failed to differentiate between the depressed and non depressed Ss on the measure of social competence; all observers' ratings were significantly lower than peer of self-ratings. These anomalous results were explored further via post-hoc analyses. No significant gender differences or differences due to the Ss sex-type emerged. The implications of these results for the cognitive distortion and social skills deficits theories of depression were discussed.

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Heilman, Madeline E., Michael C. Simon, and David P. Repper. "Intentionally favored, unintentionally harmed? Impact of sex-based preferential selection on self-perceptions and self-evaluations." Journal of Applied Psychology 72, no. 1 (February 1987): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.1.62.

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Katz, Jennifer, and Monica E. Schneider. "(Hetero)sexual Compliance with Unwanted Casual Sex: Associations with Feelings about First Sex and Sexual Self-Perceptions." Sex Roles 72, no. 9-10 (May 2015): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0467-z.

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Centeio, Erin E., Cheryl L. Somers, E. Whitney G. Moore, Alex Garn, Noel Kulik, Jeffrey Martin, Bo Shen, and Nate McCaughtry. "Considering Physical Well-Being, Self-perceptions, and Support Variables in Understanding Youth Academic Achievement." Journal of Early Adolescence 40, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431619833493.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of students’ physical well-being and self-perception and their academic achievement. Specifically, we look at students’ social support for physical activity, physical activity perceptions, self-concept, self-efficacy, health behaviors, and cardiorespiratory fitness (as measured by the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run [PACER] test). Students ( n = 697 fifth graders) were surveyed at the beginning of the school year. A two-group path analysis revealed notable relationships between the predictor variables and proximal and distal outcomes, with some paths moderated by sex. One relationship that was significant for both sexes was cardiorespiratory fitness, as it was the only significant predictor of achievement. This effect was moderate to large for the female students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and small to large for the male students ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). These findings can be used to guide future research and educational prevention and intervention efforts.

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Hurley, Shelia, Joellen Edwards, Jann Cupp, and Michael Phillips. "Nurses’ Perceptions of Self as Role Models of Health." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 8 (April 10, 2017): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917701396.

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This study purposed to determine the relationship between nurses’ personal health practices and their perceptions of themselves as role models for health promotion, and assess the relationship of personal and professional characteristics both on perception of self as role model and on the practice of healthy behaviors. In this study of 804 Tennessee registered nurses, 4% report smoking, 24.9% drink alcohol, 34% are overweight, and 30% are obese. Approximately 70% do not meet the weekly physical activity recommendations of 150 min, and 36.2% follow guidelines for a healthy diet only 50% of the time or less. There were significant correlations between following a healthy diet or physical activity and the Self as a Role Model of Health Promotion (SARMHEP) scores. Based on the regression analysis, working in an acute care or ambulatory setting negatively affected the SARMHEP, as opposed to age and sex having a positive effect on the SARMHEP score.

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Healey, Amanda, Heather Trepal, and Kelly Emelianchik-Key. "Nonsuicidal Self-injury: Examining the Relationship Between Diagnosis and Gender." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 32, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.32.4.366740506r458202.

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This study examined the perceptions of counselors in training concerning nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI), diagnosis, and the influence of gender-normative expectations on clinical decision making. Participants were asked to respond to a set of questions after reading a randomly assigned case study. The purpose was to determine the process through which counseling professionals diagnosed adolescents who self-injure and whether the sex of the client influenced the decision. Cases presented were identical except that the sex of the client was altered. It appears that societal expectations associated with biological sex may influence counselor diagnostic decisions at the training level. Implications for diagnosis, counselor training, and future research are presented.

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Grieve, Norma, Doreen Rosenthal, and Antoniette Cavallo. "Self-Esteem and Sex-Role Attitudes: A Comparison of Italian- and Anglo-Australian Adolescent Girls." Psychology of Women Quarterly 12, no. 2 (June 1988): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00935.x.

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Two groups of 15-year-old girls, one Italian-Australian (IA, n = 60), and one Anglo-Australian (AA, n = 48), were compared on self-esteem and a wide range of measures associated with sex roles, including sex-role satisfaction, sex-role orientation, and assessment of and attitudes toward sex-role differentiation in the family and the culture. Self-esteem and sex-role satisfaction did not differ in the two groups. Nor were there differences in attitudes toward sex-role differentiation, even though cultural and familial differentiation were greater in the IA group and males were accorded relatively more value. However, the groups did differ in the pattern of variables associated with self-esteem and with these sex-role measures. In the more traditional IA subculture, girls' sex-role attitudes correlated with situational constraints. Unlike the AA girls, self-esteem was, in part, associated with stereotypic feminine attributes and preoccupations, and conformed to the androgyny model of well-being. In the AA group, sex-role attitudes and self-esteem were associated with perceptions of personal qualities valued in the broader, more egalitarian culture, such as intellectual ability and masculinity, thus confirming the masculinity model.

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Klein, Hugh, and David L. Tilley. "Perceptions of HIV Risk Among Internet-Using, HIV-Negative Barebacking Men." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 4 (March 7, 2012): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988311434825.

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The current study examines the risk perceptions of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) who use the Internet to seek unprotected sex. The research questions include the following: How great do these men perceive their HIV risk to be? Are their perceptions based on HIV knowledge or related to their risk behaviors? What factors are associated with greater/lesser perceived risk? Results revealed that more than half of the men believed that they had no or only a slight chance of contracting HIV. Risk perceptions were not related to HIV knowledge or to involvement in HIV risk practices. Four factors were identified as being associated with greater perception of HIV risk: self-identity as a sexual “bottom,” having sex while high, greater use of bareback-focused websites, and younger age. Internet-using HIV-negative men who have sex with men tend to underestimate their risk for acquiring HIV, and interventions need to help them accurately assess their risk.

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Soave, Armin, Sebastian Laurich, Roland Dahlem, Malte W. Vetterlein, Oliver Engel, Timo Nieder, Peer Briken, Michael Rink, Margit Fisch, and Philip Reiss. "Negative Self-Perception and Self-Attitude of Sexuality Is a Risk Factor for Patient Dissatisfaction Following Penile Surgery with Small Intestinal Submucosa Grafting for the Treatment of Severe Peyronie’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2019): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081121.

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Objective: To assess patient satisfaction with surgical outcome, body related self-perceptions, self-attitudes of sexuality, and health related quality of life after penile surgery with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) grafting for the treatment of severe Peyronie’s disease (PD). Material and methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients, who were treated with SIS grafting for severe PD between 2009 and 2013 at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. Patients were asked to complete standardized questionnaires including the International Index of Erectile Function Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF), Short-Form (SF)-8 Health Survey, and Frankfurt Body Concept Scale-Sexuality (FKKS-SEX). Results: Follow-up was available in 58 (69.9%) patients. SIS grafting resulted in subjective straightening of the penis in 53 (91.3%) patients. After a mean follow-up of 28.9 ± 16.5 months, 24 (41.4%) patients were satisfied or very satisfied with surgical outcome. Postoperatively, the mean FKKS-SEX was 23.5 ± 5.9. In total, 36 (62.1%), 18 (31%), and four (6.9%) patients had FKKS-SEX scores corresponding to positive, neutral, and negative self-perception and self-attitude of sexuality, respectively. The mean postoperative SF-8 was 15.2 ± 6.4. Compared to the mean for German controls, patients achieved lower mean scores in the domains social functioning (50.4 ± 7.1), mental health (49.5 ± 9.2), and emotional roles (48.5 ± 6.8). Subjective shortening of the penis (Odds ratio (OR): 2.0), negative body related self-perceptions, and self-attitudes of sexuality (OR: 3.6) as well as IIEF-EF score (OR: 0.9) were risk factors for patient dissatisfaction (p-values ≤ 0.02). Conclusion: A relevant number of patients is not satisfied with surgical outcome after SIS grafting for the treatment of severe PD. Subjective shortening of the penis, negative body related self-perceptions, and self-attitudes of sexuality as well as IIEF-EF score were risk factors for patient dissatisfaction.

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Miller, Christy, and Roger C. Bailey. "DATING COMMITMENT AND WITHIN-PERSON PERCEPTUAL CONGRUENCY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.4.383.

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Rogers (1959) developed an interpersonal congruency model that suggests the greater the degree of agreement among within-person perceptions of the self and a role partner, the more adjusted and satisfied with a relationship one would be. American college students were categorized as occasional, steady or engaged daters and they provided ratings of self and partner on dimensions of perceived dating satisfaction, personal integrity, financial influence, and role of sexuality in the relationship.Congruency measures were then derived which allowed the assessment of cognitive agreement in perceived self/partner perceptions. As predicted, respondents in the Engaged category displayed greater congruency in within-person perceptions than did those in the Occasional and Steady dating groups. There was also a tendency for women to display more within-person congruency than men, particularly on matters involving finances and sex.

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Karylowski, Jerzy J., and William Bergeron. "Sex-Role Orientation of College Students and Their Same-Sex Parents." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (October 1989): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.699.

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The study examined similarities and differences between sex-role orientations of college students and their same-sex parents. College undergraduates filled out the Bem Sex-role Inventory twice: once to describe themselves and the second time to describe their same-sex parents. The inventory was also used to obtain parental self-reports. Compared to their perceptions of their same-sex parents, male students described themselves as more feminine and female students described themselves as more masculine. Also, male students described their fathers as less feminine and female students described their mothers as both less masculine and less feminine than the parents described themselves. Students' femininity scores correlated significantly with the parental femininity scores both actual and perceived, however, no consistent relationship was found for the masculinity scores. Androgynous students and students with the reversed sex-role orientation perceived their parents as androgynous and reversed, respectively.

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Sheridan, Lorraine P., Adrian J. Scott, and Amy M. Campbell. "Perceptions and Experiences of Intrusive Behavior and Stalking: Comparing LGBTIQ and Heterosexual Groups." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 7 (May 27, 2016): 1388–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516651313.

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The present research employed a mixed-methods approach and quasi-experimental design to examine perceptions and experiences of intrusive behavior (comprising 47 individual intrusive activities) within individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ) with a matched (in terms of age, sex, and income) sample of individuals identifying as heterosexual ( N = 214). Despite only minor differences between the LGBTIQ and heterosexual groups concerning perceptions of the acceptability of intrusive behavior, the LGBTIQ group was more likely to report experiencing a range of individual intrusive activities and to report experiencing stalking victimization (self-reported rates of 35.5% vs. 15.0%). Participant sex and personal experience of being stalked were minimally associated with perceptions of the acceptability of intrusive behavior. Sexual orientation significantly predicted whether a person had experienced stalking victimization, whereas participant sex did not. The qualitative analysis revealed that the two groups shared some experiences of intrusive behavior, whereas others represented a unique subset of intrusions that related to sexual orientation.

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Nicotera, Anne Maydan, and Andrew S. Rancer. "The influence of sex on self‐perceptions and social stereotyping of aggressive communication predispositions." Western Journal of Communication 58, no. 4 (December 1994): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570319409374501.

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Furnham, Adrian, Shahriar Shahidi, and Bahman Baluch. "Sex and Culture Differences in Perceptions of Estimated Multiple Intelligence for Self and Family." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33, no. 3 (May 2002): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033003004.

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Panfil, Vanessa R., and Dana Peterson. "“St. Mary’s Is Gay-Town”: Girls’ Perceptions of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior in Juvenile Residential Treatment." Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819863471.

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Understanding lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) girls’ experiences in juvenile residential facilities is essential for working toward their fair and affirming treatment, but other girls’ perceptions of “gay girls” in juvenile facilities also contribute to the treatment environment. Drawing from interviews with a sample of 59 girls in a juvenile residential treatment center serving delinquent, status offending, and maltreated youth in upstate New York, we explore girls’ perceptions of same-sex sexual behavior in that setting to illuminate dynamics and their implications for treatment experiences. Opinions ranged from negative perceptions expressed by self-identified straight and LGB girls, to matter-of-fact descriptions that were more neutral, to positive affirmations sometimes containing anti-staff sentiments. These perceptions indicate the complicated nature and consequences of youth–youth and youth–staff interactions around this issue.

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Schudson, Zach C. "Psychology’s Stewardship of Gender/Sex." Perspectives on Psychological Science 16, no. 6 (November 2021): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17456916211018462.

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Psychological theories of gender and/or sex (gender/sex) have the capacity to shape people’s self-perceptions, social judgments, and behaviors. The institutional power of psychology to affect cognition and behavior—not just to measure them—necessitates a serious consideration of our social responsibility to manage the products of our intellectual labor. Therefore, I propose that psychological research should be understood as stewardship of gender/sex (and socially relevant concepts in general). In this issue, four articles collectively serve as a demonstrative slice of the diversity of current directions in psychological research on gender/sex. I use these articles as springboards for articulating key elements of psychologists’ stewardship of gender/sex and strategies for improving our stewardship. First, I examine how psychology’s historical stewardship of gender/sex has yielded both new methods for self-understanding and harmful consequences for marginalized people. Next, I explore promising current approaches that center minoritized perspectives. I also discuss roadblocks to effective stewardship, including narrowly disciplinary approaches. Finally, I consider strategies for improving psychology’s stewardship of gender/sex, such as mitigating gender/sex essentialism and employing generative theoretical frameworks built from interdisciplinary insights.

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Patzer, Natalie L., and Herbert W. Helm. "Categories of Success Endorsed among Religiously Identified Seventh-Day Adventist Students." Psychological Reports 88, no. 3_suppl (June 2001): 1121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3c.1121.

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The focus of this study was to explore students' perceptions of success and how those perceptions may differ by sex, age, and education. Using Jensen and Towle's criteria (1991), 165 subjects qualified as “religious” out of the 247 respondents assessed. Given different theological emphases, it was hypothesized that this predominantly Seventh-day Adventist sample would perceive success differently than Jensen and Towle's sample and that there would be sex differences in religiosity which may interact with age, education, and self-reported grades. There were some sex differences in endorsement of success categories, which decreased as amount of education increased. A comparison between this predominantly Seventh-day Adventist group and Jensen and Towle's predominantly Latter-day Saint group indicates that there may be various value systems regarding success among religious denominations.

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Smith, Allison, Dawn Emerson, Zachary Winkelmann, Devin Potter, and Toni Torres-McGehee. "Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image Dissatisfaction among ROTC Cadets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 8137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218137.

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Injury risk is multifactorial including non-modifiable and modifiable factors such as nutrition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to estimate eating disorder risk and body image (BI) dissatisfaction among Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. A total of 102 (male: n = 75, female: n = 27; age: 20 ± 2 years) ROTC cadets self-reported height, current and ideal weight, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-perceived BI current and perceived sex-specific figural stimuli. The overall eating disorder risk for ROTC cadets was 32.4%. No significant differences were found when comparing sex, ethnicity, or military branch. Overall risk of pathogenic behaviors included 11.8% who reported binge eating; 8.8% who used laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills; 8.8% who exercised for >60 min to control their weight; and 8.8% who lost 9.1 kg or more within the last 6 months. We identified significant interactions (p ≤ 0.01) between sex of the solider, overall perceptions of male and female soldiers, and BI self-perceptions. The ROTC cadets in this study displayed eating disorder risk and BI dissatisfaction, which is concerning for tactical readiness, long-term behavioral health issues, and injury from pathogenic behaviors. Education and quality healthcare are necessary to mitigate the increased risk of eating and BI dissatisfaction within this population.

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Cillessen, Antonius H. N., X. Lu Jiang, Tessa V. West, and Dagmara K. Laszkowski. "Predictors of dyadic friendship quality in adolescence." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 2 (March 2005): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000360.

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Five dimensions of friendship quality (conflict, closeness, companionship, helping, and security) were predicted from self-reports and peer reports of physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behaviour, using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny & Acitelli, 2001). Participants were 224 adolescents aged 15–17 years (142 girls, 82 boys) who formed 112 unique same-sex best friend dyads. Significant actor and partner effects were found for both self-ratings and peer nominations of social behaviour and the five friendship qualities. Aggression was associated with self and partner perceptions of friendship conflict and low positive friendship qualities. Prosocial behaviour was associated with self and partner perceptions of positive friendship qualities and low conflict. The findings of this study were mostly consistent between male and female dyads. The importance of examining dependence due to dyads in peer relations research was discussed.

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Parsonson, Karen, and Luz Alquicira. "The Power of Being There for Each Other: The Importance of Self-Awareness, Identifying Stress and Burnout, and Proactive Self-Care Strategies for Sex-Offender Treatment Providers." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 11 (April 9, 2019): 2018–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19841773.

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This was an exploratory study which hypothesized that there would be significant individual differences in feelings, perceptions, experiences, self-care strategies, and barriers to practicing self-care between sex offender treatment professionals. Nine sex offender treatment providers, all female, received structured interviews. Experience with the population varied from 3 to 15 years. Qualitative data were evaluated for themes in perceived context and nature of their work. The focus was upon conceptualization of self-care and implications, both professionally and personally. Three areas of self-care strategies emerged: personal, professional, and organizational. Perspectives differed with years of experience, with differential impacts on each area. Barriers were found to practicing self-care at all levels. To maintain well-functioning, it is suggested that there is an individual goodness of fit. Connection to others, however, appears to be extremely important, as does work–life balance. Recommendations include practicing regular self-care, as well as education about self-awareness and self-care during training.

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Goldberg, Abbie E., and JuliAnna Z. Smith. "Perceptions of stigma and self-reported school engagement in same-sex couples with young children." Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 1, no. 3 (2014): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000052.

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Holroyd, E. A., M. H. Bond, and H. Y. Chan. "Perceptions of sex-role stereotypes, self-concept, and nursing role ideal in Chinese nursing students." Journal of Advanced Nursing 37, no. 3 (February 2002): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02091.x.

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Van Blerkom, Malcolm L. "Field dependence, sex role self-perceptions, and mathematics achievement in college students: A closer examination." Contemporary Educational Psychology 13, no. 4 (October 1988): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-476x(88)90033-1.

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Turner, Barbara F., and Castellano B. Turner. "Bem Sex-Role Inventory Stereotypes for Men and Women Varying in Age and Race among National Register Psychologists." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3 (December 1991): 931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.931.

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554 psychologists listed in the National Register of Health Care Providers in Psychology used the Bern Sex-role Inventory to rate a “mature, healthy, socially competent” individual in one of 18 target groups (a black or race-unspecified man, woman, or adult in their late 20s, late 40s, or late 60s). Factor analysis produced factors which generated three scales—nurturant, agentic, and self-governing. The attributes “feminine” and “masculine” were treated as individual items. Old targets were viewed as less agentic than younger targets and as less self-governing than the middle-aged. Female targets were perceived as more feminine and less masculine than were men. Interactions for agentic and self-governing suggest age and race and sex of target influence person perceptions.

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Murray, Ashley, Zaneta Gaul, Madeline Y. Sutton, and Jose Nanin. "“We hide…”: Perceptions of HIV Risk Among Black and Latino MSM in New York City." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317742231.

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Black and Latino men who have sex with men (BLMSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV; they comprised 66% of HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States in 2015. Risk factors for HIV infection among BLMSM include a high community prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV/STDs, and dense sex partner networks. Perceptions of HIV risk among BLMSM were explored to inform HIV prevention efforts. During 2011–2012, semistructured interviews were conducted with BLMSM in New York City. Using computer-assisted thematic analyses (NVivo), transcribed interview responses to questions regarding HIV risk for main themes were examined. Interview data were available for 108 BLMSM: 86% Black, 13% Latino, 26% aged 18–24 years, 59% self-identified as “gay,” and 33% self-identified as “bisexual.” The main emergent theme was stigma. Subthemes related to stigma included: (a) homophobia in the Black and Latino community, (b) fear of losing support from family and friends, and (c) lack of support leading to low self-esteem. Addressing the stigma felt by BLMSM may be an important strategy to facilitate improved HIV prevention efforts, HIV care and treatment, and to decrease HIV-related disparities.

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Lim, Megan S., Campbell K. Aitken, Jane S. Hocking, and Margaret E. Hellard. "Discrepancies between young people's self-reported sexual experience and their perceptions of 'normality'." Sexual Health 6, no. 2 (2009): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09001.

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Young people’s sexual behaviour is influenced by their perceptions of peer norms. In this survey of 445 people aged 16 to 29 years, 69% of participants believed they had fewer lifetime sexual partners than average. The mean number of actual lifetime partners reported was 5.5 and the mean perceived ‘average’ partners for peers was 6.6 (P < 0.01). When broken down by age and sex, the discrepancy was only significant for females aged 16 to 19. Comparison to a national survey also showed that peers’ average sexual experience was overestimated. Adolescents are highly susceptible to the influence of peer norms, hence it is concerning that their perceptions of these norms are so distorted.

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Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi, Thais Zanin Morigi, Guilherme Galdino, Willi McFarland, and Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto. "Sex-seeking mobile application use and risk behavior among men who have sex with men in Brazil." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 12 (September 11, 2020): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420945940.

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This is a cross-sectional study based on an open web survey with the primary objective to assess associations between the use of apps for seeking sex partners and vulnerabilities related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil. Participants were recruited to the study through ads posted in social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp. Consenting respondents completed a questionnaire on demographics, history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and risk behaviors and perceptions, including calculation of the Risk Behavior Score for HIV infection proposed by Rocha et al. Among the 859 participants, 714 (83.1%) reported they used apps for seeking sex partners. Use of apps for seeking sex partners was associated with high-risk behavior for HIV infection, self-reported syphilis, self-perception of HIV risk, and use of marijuana. The use of apps for seeking sex partners has rapidly become the norm for MSM in Brazil. The associations with STIs and risk behaviors should be seen as an opening to improve public health, presenting opportunities to promote knowledge, safer sex practices, and referral to HIV/STI screening and prevention interventions.

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Oswald, Patricia A. "An Examination of the Current Usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1331-1336.

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In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample ( N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students ( M age = 30.9 yr., SD = 12.8, range = 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.

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Ky-Zerbo, Odette, Alice Desclaux, Sokhna Boye, Anthony Vautier, Nicolas Rouveau, Brou Alexis Kouadio, Arlette Simo Fotso, et al. "Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-test kits to clients and partners: A qualitative analysis of female sex workers’ collective opinion and attitude in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550572210922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057221092268.

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Background: In West Africa, female sex workers are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. HIV self-testing could be an effective tool to improve access to and frequency of HIV testing to female sex workers, their clients and partners. This article explores their perceptions regarding HIV self-testing use and the redistribution of HIV self-testing kits to their partners and clients. Methods: Embedded within ATLAS, a qualitative study was conducted in Côte-d’Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal in 2020. Nine focus group discussions were conducted. A thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 87 participants expressed both positive attitudes toward HIV self-testing and their willingness to use or reuse HIV self-testing. HIV self-testing was perceived to be discreet, confidential, and convenient. HIV self-testing provides autonomy from testing by providers and reduces stigma. Some perceived HIV self-testing as a valuable tool for testing their clients who are willing to offer a premium for condomless sex. While highlighting some potential issues, overall, female sex workers were optimistic about linkage to confirmatory testing following a reactive HIV self-testing. Female sex workers expressed positive attitudes toward secondary distribution to their partners and clients, although it depended on relationship types. They seemed more enthusiastic about secondary distribution to their regular/emotional partners and regular clients with whom they had difficulty using condoms, and whom they knew enough to discuss HIV self-testing. However, they expressed that it could be more difficult with casual clients; the duration of the interaction being too short to discuss HIV self-testing, and they fear violence and/or losing them. Conclusion: Overall, female sex workers have positive attitudes toward HIV self-testing use and are willing to redistribute to their regular partners and clients. However, they are reluctant to promote such use with their casual clients. HIV self-testing can improve access to HIV testing for female sex workers and the members of their sexual and social network.

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ACKAH, CHARLES GODFRED, ENOCH RANDY AIKINS, THOMAS TWENE SARPONG, and DEREK ASUMAN. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD RISK: EVIDENCE FROM ENTREPRENUERS IN GHANA AND UGANDA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500055.

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The literature on risk aversion suggests that women are less likely to be risk loving than men in financial and insurance decision-making by virtue of their sex and biological make-up. This paper tests this assertion using a unique dataset collected in Ghana and Uganda and assesses the gender differences in self-reported risk perceptions of entrepreneurs by applying a non-linear decomposition technique. The results indicate that on average, entrepreneurs in Ghana report to be less risk loving their counterparts in Uganda. Furthermore, female entrepreneurs are less likely to report to be risk loving compared to male entrepreneurs in both countries. The results from the decomposition analysis show that gender differences in risk perceptions arise mainly from the unexplained component. For Ghana in particular, the findings show that the gender differences in self-reported risk perceptions stems from differences in education and previous business experience.

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Bartle-Haring, Suzanne, and Richelle Echelberger Strimple. "Association of Identity and Intimacy: An Exploration of Gender and Sex-Role Orientation." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1996): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3f.1255.

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This study examined Erikson's psychosocial crises of identity versus identity diffusion and intimacy versus isolation, focusing specifically on how sex-role orientation contributes to gender differences in the resolution of these two crises. Perceptions of competence in self-disclosure and emotional support in both same-sex friendships and relationships with heterosexual dating partners, along with achievement of ideological and interpersonal identity, were included in the study so that differences could be examined. First-year and fourth-year college students ( n = 135) at a large midwestern university responded to measures assessing identity, capacity for intimacy, and sex-role orientation. When controlling for sex-role orientation, the relationship between identity and intimacy was nonsignificant for men but significant for women.

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P. Tóth, Tamás. "Sexual Practices and Safe(r) Sex Perceptions in Self-narratives of People Living with HIV (PLH)." Socio.hu 5, no. 3 (2015): 152–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18030/socio.hu.2015.3.152.

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Furnham, Adrian, and Nicola Greaves. "Gender and locus of control correlates of body image dissatisfaction." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080304.

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The study concerned sex and various locus of control correlates of body image satisfaction. The results indicated that men and women differ significantly in the degree and in the direction of dissatisfaction towards their bodies, which were consistent with the culturally defined ideals for men and women. Significant differences were also observed regarding self‐perceptions, suggesting that women more than men are more likely to suffer from depression and have lower self‐esteem which was itself associated with body image satisfaction. Individual beliefs about perceived control towards achieving an ‘ideal’ body shape were assessed using a new locus of control scale which correlated significantly with two scales measuring attitudes relating to body shape. The results from this new scale suggest that perceived locus of control beliefs are important predictors of the resulting behaviours and self‐perceptions associated with body shape satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

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Konstantinou, Corina, Christina Xeni, Eva M. van Bergen Henegouw, Nita Chaudhuri, Carijn Beumer, and Konstantinos C. Makris. "Public Perceptions on Human Health Risks of Climate Change in Cyprus: 2018 and 2021 Survey Results." Climate 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10090129.

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Understanding public perceptions on the health impacts of climate change will help to better address planetary health challenges. This study aimed to assess differences in perceptions in the Cypriot population regarding climate-related health risks, information sources used, and self-assessed health status over a three-year period, along with the relationship between sociodemographics and perceptions on climate-related health risks. Two cross-sectional surveys on environmental health risks and climate change, information sources, and self-assessed health were conducted in July–December 2018 (n = 185) and August–September 2021 (n = 202) among adults living in Cyprus. A descriptive analysis of the survey responses was conducted. Between-survey and within-survey associations were examined among environmental and health risk perceptions and stratified by sociodemographics (age, sex, educational level) using chi-square tests. The perceived views on most questions about environmental health risks and climate change were not different between the two surveys (p > 0.05). With environmental factors in mind, such as climate change, pollution, and toxic waste, most respondents (>72%) considered that health issues such as asthma, cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, and high blood pressure would occur much more often or somewhat more often in the next 10 years. In both surveys, the most popular sources of information about environmental health risks were social media/the internet, followed by TV news and TV films and documentaries. Notable differences in several perceptions on climate-related health risks were observed between females and males, while age and educational level did not influence most perceptions. Women were more likely than men to report that environmental factors such as temperature rise, extreme weather events, and air pollution will be extremely influenced by climate change (p < 0.05). The study survey populations recognized the important linkages between climate change and human health, including their drivers. Sex was an important factor for differentiated perceptions on environmental health risks and climate change. Such survey results on perceptions about climate change and their impact on population health can be used to inform public awareness and risk communication campaigns.

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Millar, Karen U., and Murray G. Millar. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED SELF- AND OTHER-DISCLOSURE: A CASE WHERE INEQUITY INCREASES SATISFACTION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.1.59.

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Using a diary technique, sex differences in persons' perceptions of self and other-disclosure were examined. It was hypothesized that satisfaction in dating relationships is associated not with strict reciprocity in personal exchanges, but with the relative amount of disclosure perceived to be exchanged between the partners. Specifically, couples in a dating interaction will report greater satisfaction when the exchange is perceived to follow traditional sex-typed norms. Fifty-five subjects monitored their own dating interactions over a two-week period. Results indicated that males reported less interaction satisfaction if, relative to their date, they perceived themselves disclosing more personal information. The reverse tended to be true for females.

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Lasley, Jim, Anna F. Kuhl, and Roy R. Roberg. "Relationship of Nontraditional Sex-Role Attitudes to Severity of Women's Criminal Behavior." Psychological Reports 56, no. 1 (February 1985): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.1.155.

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This study empirically examined the general hypothesis that the recent rise in aggressive women's criminal behavior is a response to nontraditional self-perceptions of the female sex-role. 50 female inmates were administered the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Role Theory Demographic Index. Analysis of scores indicated significant inverse relationships between nontraditional sex-role attitudes held by incarcerated female felons and the relative severity of their prior criminal acts. Findings indicate that the women who viewed themselves as most traditionally “feminine” represented the most violent female offenders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-Perceptions of sex'

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