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1
Cates, Darcy Leanne. "Knowledge of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Populations That Self-Injure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/206.
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Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior.
Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure.
Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.
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Larsen, Kristina. "Self-injury in teenagers." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009larsenk.pdf.
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Boeckmann, Emily L. "Self-Injury Knowledge and Peer Perceptions among Members of Internet Self-Injury Groups." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/6.
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Clinard, Stacey Edwards. "College Students Who Self-Injure: A Study of Knowledge and Perceptions of Self-Injury." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/170.
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Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined self-injurious behaviors in a college population. College students, who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, were expected to evidence a higher knowledge base for the behavior than those who do not. The demographic variables of gender and sexual orientation were predicted to be over represented in the NSSI group. Further, this study examines the perceived riskiness of the behavior in individuals who self-injure, as well as their perceptions of others who engage in NSSI. The survey consisted of four sections: demographics, knowledge ofNSSI, experience with NSSI, and perceptions ofNSSI. Individuals who engage in or have a history of NSSI evidence a higher mean score or better knowledge of the behavior than those who do not. The NSSI population evidences disproportionate numbers of females and individuals with gay, lesbian, and questioning sexual orientations. Further, when examining the perceived riskiness of self-injury, the NSSI group views the behavior as less risky than the non self-injury group. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI and additional research directions.
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Rayner, Gillian. "Interpersonal processes and self-injury." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26875/.
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Most interventions in health and social care settings reside within a therapeutic relationship. However if the staff member is experiencing difficult emotional reactions or thoughts this can interfere with the process of caring or helping. Staff and client perspectives are split into different articles by different authors, or within different chapters of a book. This has reinforced the difference between clients and staff. Arguably professionals are increasingly viewed as human beings with their own reactions to events, rather than detached unemotional helpers. However, the reactions of staff are often not linked to clients. Within the literature on self-injury this has not been clearly described. This thesis makes an original contribution to recognising the interpersonal processes involved when a person self-injures. Three pairs of clients and staff were interviewed about a specific incident of self-injury, with a focus on thoughts feelings and behaviours before during and after the self-injury. They were all also asked about helpful and unhelpful interventions. The data from the interviews was thematically analysed and then synthesised. This resulted in specific and common client perspectives and specific and common staff perspectives. Then each of the client and staff dyads were analysed together with a focus on the interpersonal process. This then produced an account of a synthesised process of these two experiences. Themes included description of self-injury as a cycle of shame, which begins as shame avoidance and then becomes a shame eliciting behaviour, based on other peoples' reactions. Staff and clients described similar emotional reactions, thoughts and psychological defences. Projective identification was used as a method of demonstrating the interpersonal processes between the dyads, with some similar and some contrasting internal experiences. These themeswere discussed in depth linking to relevant literature and key implications for practice were then produced.
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Kittila, Andrea Kristiina. "Emotion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366412.
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Two phases of research used qualitative and quantitative methodology to replicate and extend prior research designed to examine triggers, functions, and predictors of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Phase 1 involved 325 self-harming participants (230 females; M = 21.68 years) and addressed two aims. The first was to identify the triggers and functions of NSSI. It was hypothesised that aversive interpersonal events would be the most common situational triggers of NSSI, and that the most common emotional trigger would be negative affect associated with high physiological arousal. It was also predicted that down-regulation of negative affect would be the most common function of NSSI, and that some participants would report using NSSI to suppress the expression of emotion.
Participants endorsed affective triggers and functions of NSSI on checklists designed for the current study, and provided descriptions of their own self-harm episodes. As predicted, aversive interpersonal events were the most common situational triggers of NSSI, down-regulation of negative affect was the most common function, and an expressive suppression function also emerged. However, the hypothesis regarding affective triggers was not supported: The affective trigger most frequently nominated in NSSI descriptions was negative self-appraisal; and, on the checklist of affective triggers, participants endorsed low-arousal negative feelings as triggers as frequently as high-arousal negative feelings. Interestingly, a substantial minority (42.5%) of participants also indicated that they had at least occasionally self-harmed in response to positive emotions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Ripley, Anna Marie. "The functions of self-injury." Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-functions-of-selfinjury(d08130c9-63ee-49d0-b270-646d17da67f7).html.
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A methodological review was conducted to critically analyse the strengths and weaknesses of distinct research designs employed with a variety of populations to investigate the functions of self-injury. Identified designs included: retrospective self-report; retrospective informant report; qualitative phenomenological interviews; direct observation; ecological momentary assessment; experimental functional analysis; and lab-based self-injury proxy studies. The inclusion of multiple functional assessment methods within future studies was strongly supported. The empirical and discussion papers focused on the functions of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury within clinical populations of adults and adolescents. Participants completed the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Inventory (Linehan, Comtois, Brown, Wagner, & Heard, 2006) to assess the reasons, antecedents, and consequences associated with different methods of self-injury. Multiple methods of self-injury, serving multiple functions, were reported by all participants. Within-person analyses found that individuals’ nonsuicidal acts were intended to relieve negative emotions and punish themselves, more than their suicidal acts, and resulted in greater reductions in feeling numb/dead. Suicidal acts were intended to benefit others, preceded by intense feelings of burdensomeness, and resulted in receiving help, more than nonsuicidal acts. Within-person comparisons for individual methods of self-injury found that cutting was intended to relieve negative emotions, occurred following an argument, and resulted in the generation of pain and/or normal feelings, more than self-injury involving hitting the body. The experience of conducting the research, and the motivation behind it, were reflected on. When considering the contribution of the findings to future theory and research, two areas were focused on: evidence for conceptualising suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury along a continuum of experiential avoidance behaviours; and evidence regarding the stability of self-injury functions across different methods, situations, and time. Specific implications were highlighted for clinical interventions aimed at addressing underlying vulnerabilities, and the multiple triggers and reinforcing consequences, of these life-threatening behaviours.
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Wiseman, Justin M. "Self-Compassion and Its Relation to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1530478468805199.
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Coney, Sonia Lorraine. "The Development of the Self-Injury Self-Report Measure." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2116.
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Despite the amount of research that has been conducted on self-injury there is a lack of empirically validated instruments with which to measure self-injurious behavior. The present study developed a measure to examine self-injury and the associated features. Undergraduate students (n = 184) were administered a set of surveys to assess demographics, self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation, Axis I and Axis II disorders, and impulsivity. Results indicated that a reliable measure, able to assess the extent of self-injury as well as associated features, was developed. Such a measure will enable clinicians to better assess self-injury and enable researchers to more fully examine self-injury and its relationship to other disorders.
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Lawrence, Sarah M. "A Rhetoric of Self-Injury: Establishing Identity and Representing the Body in Online Self-Injury Forums." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1605881084509116.
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Roeder, David Allen. "A biblical perspective on self-injury." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0038.
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Finnbogason, Signe. "Nonsuicidal self-injury in queer youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23721.
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The phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves the deliberate harm to one’s own body tissue, such as cutting or burning one’s skin, in the absence of suicidal intent or a pervasive developmental delay. Some prevalence studies have indicated that gay and bisexual youth may be at an increased risk of engaging in NSSI, but these studies have had very small numbers of non-heterosexual respondents (e.g., Murray, Warm, & Fox, 2005). The current study sought to investigate more fully the phenomenon of NSSI in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, genderqueer, and heterosexual individuals. The sample consisted of 155 heterosexual people aged 19-29 and 230 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and genderqueer people who responded to an online survey advertised across Canada. Participants replied to questions about background, gender identity, and sexual orientation, followed by questions from the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire (NSSI-Q), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression (CES-D) inventory. Findings indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of NSSI in the total queer sample (47%) compared to the heterosexual sample (28%). The highest rate of self-injury was in the transgendered and genderqueer sub-sample, which had a NSSI rate of 67%. This subsample also had the highest severity of self-injury. Parental reaction to coming out was statistically significantly related to rates of self-injury, while one’s own reaction to identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or genderqueer had a statistically significant relationship with severity of self-injury. There was also a relationship between the severity of self-injury and having been physically attacked due to sexual orientation or gender identity or having experienced homophobic bullying. The findings suggest that sexual orientation can have an impact on self-injury; implications for theory, practice, and research are discussed.
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Marr, Abby. "Self Injury in 1p36 Deletion Syndrome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/523/.
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Studies of 1p36 deletion syndrome have focused on physical characteristics with limited exploration of the behavioural phenotype. When behavioural features have been reported, self-injury and aggression are noted. This study aimed to describe these behaviours and investigate aetiology. The prevalence of self-injurious and aggressive behaviour in 1p36 deletion syndrome (n=23) were compared with three matched syndrome groups; Angelman (n=21); Cri du Chat (n=23) and Cornelia de Lange (n=23) syndromes. Carers completed questionnaires regarding self-injury, physical aggression, mood, autism spectrum disorder, hyperactivity and repetitive behaviour. Experimental functional analysis was carried out with six children. Fourteen (60.9%) participants in the 1p36 deletion syndrome group showed self injury and twelve (52.2%) showed physical aggression, with self biting found to be the most common topography of self-injury. Self-injurious behaviour was associated with overactivity and stereotyped behaviour and aggression was associated with impulsivity and repetitive behaviour. Behavioural data confirmed high levels of hand mouthing and for three participants there was evidence of attention maintained function of self injury. The findings are consistent with previous research. The implications for treatment of self-injury are discussed within the context of shaping precursor behaviours to have a communicative function prior to the development of self-injurious behaviour.
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de, Haast Chloe. "Gender differences and deliberate self-injury." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370413/.
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Self-injurious behaviours are associated with long-term negative consequences for social, emotional and physical wellbeing. As such, and in order to inform the development of both treatment plans and preventive approaches, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive understanding of the a etiological factors associated with self-injury. In the first instance, literature assessing the prevalence of self-injury in adolescents was systematically assessed in order to determine the presence of gender differences. This was in response to a lack of clarity within the self-injury field as to whether there are gender differences in the prevalence of self-injurious behaviours. Thirty seven studies were included in the final review and were grouped according to the exclusion of suicidal intent and the assessment method of self-injury. Common methodological limitations across all studies are discussed, including the variation in definition and assessment of self-injury. Results suggested that female adolescents were significantly more likely to report engaging in self-injurious behaviour than males. However, it is unclear whether this finding reflects a gender bias in how self-injury is assessed, or whether there is a true difference in self-injury rates. Gender differences were also reported in both the method and function of self-injury. Recommendations are offered with respect to future research and regarding ‘gold standard’ methods of assessment. In an empirical study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the risk factors and potential functions of self-injurious females and, specifically, whether these differed by gender. Based on previous literature it was hypothesised that an insecure attachment style, either anxious or avoidant, may result in deficits in effective emotion regulation skills. As such, these individuals may become reliant on maladaptive strategies such as self-injury. Three hundred and seventy adults completed measure of attachment style, emotion dysregulation, alexithymia and self-injury. Results suggested a lifetime prevalence of 50.8%, which was notably higher than previous research findings. Furthermore, and contrary to previous research, there were no significant gender differences in prevalence. With respect to the proposed model of mediation, in females there was clear evidence to suggest that emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between attachment insecurity and self-injurious behaviour. This has important implications for the development of effective preventative and treatment approaches for self-injury in females. In contrast, no such relationship was demonstrated in males. This suggests the need for future research efforts directed at understanding the origins and function of self-injury in males.
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Tonta, Kate Elizabeth. "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Perfectionism." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88489.
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Kate’s PhD investigated the association between perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury. Integrating the existing knowledge about perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury, Kate proposed potential mechanisms to understand this relationship, incorporating the role of attentional processes, rumination, and negative emotion. This PhD included a range of research methods, including self-report and behavioural measures. The findings of this research provide new insights into the relationship between perfectionism and non-suicidal self-injury, and have clinical and theoretical implications for this field.
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Hilton, Belinda. "Scraping by – Self-Care Writing for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: An Exploration Through Fiction and Social Media." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367794.
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This project focuses on the confronting and often misunderstood behavior of self-injury. In various professional communities, multiple terms describe the behaviour – including but not limited to: self-harm, deliberate self-harm (DSH), self-mutilation, self-injury, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) – while definitions and classifications also vary. Awareness and understanding of the behaviour are growing: nonsuicidal self-injury was included in the DSM-V as a ‘condition for further study’ (American Psychiatric Association 2013) providing guidelines for a possible diagnosis. The International Society for the Study of Self-Injury defines self-injury as ‘the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned’ (ISSS 2007/2015). However, ISSS and the DSM-V still note that self-injury can be a predictor of suicide risk (ISSS 2007/2015; American Psychiatric Association 2013). Self-injury is a maladaptive coping method employed to manage overwhelming emotions including sadness, anxiety and numbness (ISSS 2013) and has an average onset of mid-adolescence but can last well into adulthood (ISSS 2013). The behaviour remains stigmatised and as a result many individuals who self-injure may remain silent and not seek support.
Therapeutic writing has been examined by researchers in the social sciences, creative arts and humanities. It is said to be a cost effective, readily available and accessible treatment option for a range of emotional, physical and mental health issues. Therapeutic writing is also said to return a sense of agency to the individual as they play a key role in their own treatment. This PhD submission asks: can a therapeutic writing process be devised that can assist those who self-injure in developing a system of self-care and support?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social science
Arts, Education and Law
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Coetzer, Bernardus Rudolf. "Grief and self-awareness following brain injury." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391435.
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Pazera, Edyta. "Hidden stories : self-injury, hope, and narratives." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11785/.
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The widespread perception of self-injury places an emphasis on the negative aspects of this behaviour. It is seen by many as a dangerous, self-destructive act, and psychopathology. However, there is a lesser-known view that constructs selfinjury as a hopeful behaviour, through which a person attempts to communicate his/her own emotional states. This research aims to explore how people who selfinjure construct hope in their narratives about self-injury in order to deepen the understanding of the self-injurious behaviour. As the researcher was interested in the individuals’ subjective experience, the qualitative method of inquiry was deemed to be most appropriate. Eight individuals took part in narrative interviews. The Narrative Analysis method was employed to analyse the data. This process revealed a new type of narrative, called a cyclical narrative. The results showed that the self-injury story is the cyclical narrative. Four main themes were identified within this narrative, namely ‘Experienced Chaos’, ‘Self-injury – The Way to Tell the Story, ‘Resolution of the Story – the Paradox of “I’m good”’, and ‘The Story Continues…’. These themes correspond to the stages in self-injury stories, which are experienced by the participants in cycles. The participants described experiencing chaos, despair and hopelessness, and then self-injuring in order to end the chaos and get to a point where they felt good/better. In this context, selfinjury is understood as a pathway of hope and the thoughts of the act of self-injury are identified as an agency thinking of hope. The goal of self-injury here is to get to the uncertain, yet highly desired, point of feeling better, and this also gives rise to the feeling of hope that life can carry on. However, these feelings did not last long and the whole cycle of chaos, despair, hopelessness, self-injury, and hope got repeated. The self-injury story does not have any real resolution or end. In this context, self-injury is seen as a way of telling a story about the chaos and underlying suffering. The experiences of chaos gave rise to feelings of hopelessness, and self-injury was presented as a way to end this state and as an attempt to restore hope in the narrators’ lives. These findings are discussed drawing on narrative theory. Furthermore, some limitations of this research and recommendations for future studies directions are offered. The implications of findings for clinical practice and research are also discussed.
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Murphy, Maggie M. "Impaired self-awareness following acquired brain injury." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/113cb7c4-9ee0-4481-a0a2-65afa5ccafd6/1/.
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Impaired self-awareness of everyday task ability following acquired brain injury (ABI) presents a serious obstacle to progress in rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of consensus about the optimal method of determining awareness level, how best to increase awareness, and even with regard to the very nature of impaired awareness. Awareness level is usually ascertained by comparing self/third party ratings of task performance. A behavioural measure of task performance would circumvent some of the concerns regarding the validity of methods relying solely on verbal report. Three main research questions were identified: 1. Is it possible to measure self-awareness of activity limitation and impairment? 2. Is it possible to increase self-awareness of activity limitation and impairment? 3. What is the nature of impaired awareness of activity limitation and impairment? To address these questions, the research programme had four phases: In phase 1, a cross-sectional design was used, incorporating behavioural observation and quantitative questionnaires, to develop a task battery that could be used as a behavioural measure of self-awareness. The resultant task battery consisted of six everyday tasks. In phase 2, a group comparison design was used to establish the sensitivity of the task battery to impaired self-awareness. Questionnaires were administered to obtain a quantitative measure of awareness - including social skills - in the acquired brain injury (ABI) participants. Eighteen ABI participants, identified as having impaired self-awareness, were compared with three comparison groups. The task battery was found to be sensitive to impaired awareness of everyday task ability. In phase 3, a single-case, experimental design methodology was attempted in two ABI participants to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase awareness. Four ABI participants were followed up longitudinally, as natural history case studies, to ascertain changes in awareness over time, and critical incidents contributing to change. The intervention programmes were not found to be effective. Phase 4 included two qualitative studies to explore the nature of impaired awareness. In study 1, interview scripts from thirty-six clinicians were analysed thematically. In study 2, interview data from phase 3 were re-examined to explore 'objects' of awareness and factors contributing to fluctuations in awareness. Both phase 4 studies indicated that manifestations of impaired self-awareness were very varied in terms of 'objects' of awareness, severity of the awareness impairment, and the number of factors contributing. Impaired self-awareness is complex in nature, necessitating repeated measures, of verbal report and behaviour within variolls functional domains, to determine awareness level. Detailed examination of further single cases could help identify profiles of impaired self-awareness for which specific interventions and explanatory models could be developed. It is argued that intervention to address impaired selfawareness within the social skills domain should be prioritised.
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Cassels, Matthew Taylor. "Predictors and correlates of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275044.
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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a dangerous and common behaviour, particularly among adolescents. Childhood trauma, insecure child-parent attachment, psychological distress, and impulsivity are some of the risk factors for NSSI that have been previously identified. However, the pathways from distal risk factors to NSSI and the ways in which these correlated risk factors interact with each other remains unclear. Identifying these pathways will provide valuable insight into the aetiology of NSSI and potentially highlight targets for treatment and intervention. In this dissertation I examine data from multiple large samples of young people, looking at multiple risk and protective factors together, and examining moderation and mediation pathways between risk factors. Using longitudinal data from 933 adolescents with no prior history of NSSI I demonstrated that the association between childhood family adversity before age 5 and new onset of NSSI between the ages of 14 and 17 was mediated by age 14 family functioning and possibly mental illness. Next, I validated a new measure of child perceptions of positive parenting, which I used to demonstrate the uni-directional prospective association between positive parenting and lower rates of NSSI amongst 1489 adolescents (ages 14-25). I then used this new measure of positive parenting to demonstrate that the prospective parenting-NSSI association was mediated by psychological distress. This is also one of the first prospective studies to show that impulsivity is independently predictive of NSSI. Using data I collected myself from a sample of 596 adolescents (ages 16-19) I validated a much needed measure of childhood trauma, with which I then demonstrated that the trauma-NSSI association was mediated by attachment and distress. Using data from this sample I was also able to reaffirm my previous findings that the attachment-NSSI association was mediated by psychological distress, and that impulsivity was uniquely associated with NSSI. Finally, using data from a sample of 559 Flemish 13 year-olds, I demonstrated that behavioural problems were more salient to NSSI than emotional problems among young adolescents, and that the attachment-NSSI association might be mediated by hyperactivity and conduct problems. Together, these findings reaffirm that childhood trauma, insecure child-parent attachment, psychological distress, and impulsivity are robust risk factors for NSSI and potential targets for treatment and intervention. Moreover, both distress and child-parent attachment may be viable targets for interventions aimed at attenuating the impact of early childhood trauma after it has occurred. Future research should use randomised controlled trails to test the efficacy of NSSI treatments aimed at these risk factors.
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Mayrhofer, Andrea M. "The prevalence and practice of self-injury : a sociological enquiry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2351.
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The widespread practice of non-suicidal self-injury suggests that it might no longer be reasonable to frame such behaviours as individual pathologies and highlights the need to understand such acts as sociological phenomena instead. This dissertation therefore explored the core elements of self-injury such as the self, the body, and meanings ascribed to acts of injuring the self/body, in relation to forms of sociation. Focusing on intent and aetiology, this qualitative enquiry used an interpretive mode of explanation, and collected data via indepth face-to-face interviews from a characteristically diverse community sample of fifteen participants. Findings indicated that respondents' aetiologies of self-injury were located in social interactions characterised by abuse, neglect, bullying, and invalidation. Individuals who perceived themselves as worthless and unlovable objects punished themselves, or branded themselves as failures. Paradoxically, sufficient castigation averted the complete annihilation of the existential self. Findings concur with previous studies which reported that, at its deepest level, self-injury is antithetical to suicide. This study also highlighted the body's communicative role in the symbolic expression of traumatic experiences, and emphasised its physiological role in (a) emotion regulation and (b) self-injury's propensity to become addictive. From a sociological perspective, instant emotion regulation via self-injury allowed individuals to avoid social stigma; well managed social performances in turn protected social bonds. Although self-injury constitutes a maladaptive coping mechanism, its reported physiological, psychological and social gains are significant and need to be considered in intervention programmes and policy. This dissertation therefore makes two recommendations: firstly, restorative practices should be reinstituted, particularly in schools; secondly, the growing and alarming trend of copycat behaviours reported in children and young teens needs to be researched further in relation to the mediation, ideation and imitation of self-injurious behaviours.
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Samuda, Samantha Louise. "Relationship between self-presentational styles, social threat and motivation for self injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397210.
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Sulak, Bilge. "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem among Undergraduate College Students." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427382976.
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Nokling, Kirsten. "The psychological functions of online self-injury forums." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93909/.
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The use of the internet over the past decade has played a strong role in several areas of mental health, including the provision of informal peer support forums in which individuals can discuss specific difficulties anonymously. Self-injury is also a topic which has received far greater recognition over the past decade, with research studies reporting prevalence rates of between 4-25% of the adult population and between 22-35% of the college and university population. The current study investigates the use of a self-injury online forum in order to develop a psychological understanding of the functions that this forum provides to its users. This study employed a grounded theory qualitative methodology to analyse the data collected from an online forum across a 5-month period. The results revealed three core categories: i) human contact; ii) battling self-injury; and iii) being helpful – giving advice/ tangible help. The results suggest that a good deal of ‘therapeutic support’ occurs within exchanges on the forum, with possible benefits both for those receiving and for those giving support and advice. The findings highlighted some important considerations for clinical practice and, more specifically, for the role that clinical psychologists can have in developing services specifically to meet the needs of this client group. The findings are reviewed within the context of the current literature, and implications for service development and service delivery are discussed. Suggestions are made for how services might be able to encourage the use of safe and high quality online therapeutic support on a 24 hour basis to supplement live support by health professionals. Keywords: Self-injury, online internet forums, grounded theory, therapeutic support, peer support.
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Johnson-Freer, Leah D. "Wisconsin school counselors' perceptions of student self-injury." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007johnson-freerl.pdf.
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Gironde, Stephanie. "Affective and Cognitive Processing in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11286.
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a behavior recently added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a condition for further study. In this dissertation, I present findings from three studies that inform the clinical description of NSSI as well as some of the cognitive and emotional aspects of NSSI. In Study 1, I examined data from a community sample of adult women who met proposed DSM-5 criteria for NSSI or subthreshold NSSI. The findings show that any experience with NSSI is associated with significant impairment. Further, they suggest that greater self-criticism may be a key variable capable of distinguishing between people who engage in more versus less frequent NSSI. In Study 2, I examined the extent to which cognitive deficits in inhibiting emotional information may characterize people who engage in NSSI. Although NSSI participants endorsed greater difficulty with negative thoughts relative to controls, the groups demonstrated no differences on a directed forgetting task. These findings are consistent with previous research on emotional reactivity and impulsivity in NSSI that shows a similar dissociation between self-report and behavioral-based results. In Study 3, I examined how people process NSSI images. Results suggest that people who engage in NSSI view NSSI stimuli as relatively non-aversive. This is in sharp contrast to healthy controls, who consider NSSI images as highly aversive. These finding are consistent with models of NSSI that regard self-injury as providing reinforcement (positive and negative). Overall, the findings from these studies add to the clinical description of NSSI and support its diagnostic validity. Our examination of the clinical characteristics of the NSSI as described in DSM-5 highlights the importance of assessing the presence of any NSSI behavior as well as highly self-critical thoughts. Importantly, we found no evidence of memory deficits in NSSI. Of great clinical concern, however, is the extent to which engaging in NSSI appears to erode the aversive nature of NSSI stimuli. Taken together, our findings support a model in which self-criticism may reduce the initial barriers to engaging in NSSI, with the mood benefits associated with NSSI subsequently serving to maintain it.Psychology
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Lovell, Andrew William. "Learning disability against itself : lost in self-injury." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400244.
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Brown, Dora. "The self after brain injury : a phenomenological approach." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1020/.
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Davies, Gemma. "Managing sense of self following acquired brain injury." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/853309/.
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The thesis focuses on understanding positive adjustment to acquired brain injury (ABl), including key predictors and processes. Understanding the potential for positive change will help individuals to live meaningful lives and adjust views of self despite the negative consequences of brain injury. Part l, the Literature Review, examines what is known about psychological adjustment and post traumatic growth following an injury and considers this in the context of rehabilitation practice. It also examines the qualitative literature relating to the experiences of emotional adjustment post-ABI. This includes themes relating to adjusting to losses, identity adjustment and coping. Part 2, the Empirical Paper, is a qualitative study investigating the self-narratives of individuals in the early stages of brain injury rehabilitation, with the aim of exploring the ways in which they adjust their view of self. All participants reported an altered sense of self, characterised by no longer recognising their own limits and abilities, seeing themselves as vulnerable, lacking in control and disconnected from the world. At the same time individuals appeared to hold a view of self in control through taking action, developing self-understanding, noticing events that reinforce a sense of 'recovering self, as well as finding new meaning in the experience. Part 3, the Critical Appraisal, reflects on the research process, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. Reference is made to the limitations of interviewing individuals with severe brain injuries. Finally, epistemological and philosophical issues related to scientifically investigating the construct of 'identity' are considered.
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Curvis, Will. "Self-esteem and social anxiety following brain injury." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/75554/.
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Empirical studies and theoretical models discussing psychological and psychosocial wellbeing following brain injury have increasingly suggested the importance of rehabilitation interventions which take into account the psychological resources of the individual, as opposed to focusing solely on cognitive or physical impairment. The first paper systematically reviewed 27 quantitative studies to identify predictors or correlates of self-esteem following acquired brain injury (ABI) in adulthood. Various psychological variables are associated with low self-esteem, including greater changes in perceived identity and self-concept, poorer adjustment and higher levels of perceived loss. Higher self-esteem appears to be related to greater physical and functional impairment. The relationship between self-esteem and cognitive impairment is unclear. Low self-esteem is also strongly related to depression and poorer psychological outcomes following ABI. The second paper describes a research project exploring social anxiety following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the impact of TBI on physical, cognitive and social outcomes, no research to date has explored the role of psychological factors influencing the development of social anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate demographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with social anxiety in a sample of 85 people who had experienced TBI. Psychological variables (self-esteem, locus of control, self-efficacy) provide a significant contribution to the amount of explained variance in social anxiety (above that explained by demographic and clinical variables). Moreover, perceived stigma independently predicted social anxiety. The findings support the importance of psychological variables in the development of social anxiety, and the significant role of stigma highlights the need for both individualised and societal interventions. The third paper offers a critical appraisal of the research project, identifying key strengths and limitations in addition to discussing reflections on the process of conducting the study. The results and implications of the study are discussed, with particular focus on social models of disability.
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Johnson, Leah D. "An insight into the world of self-injury." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003johnsonl.pdf.
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Estefan, Andrew. "Harm, Interrupted: Self-Injury Narratives and Same Sex Attraction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367391.
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This study addresses a significant clinical and social issue: self-injury among gay men. Self-injury can be understood as any act undertaken by the self to cause physical damage to the body without the conscious intent to die.
The existing self-injury literature tends to focus on self-injury as a problem for women. That is to say, because more women than men self-injure, research focuses more strongly on their motivations and treatment needs. The literature that explores self-injury as it relates to gay men is not well developed and focuses strongly on suicidality and the risks associated with various self-injurious behaviours. This has produced useful information for some areas of practice such as risk management and public health suicide prevention strategies. What this literature has not done is explore the contexts and meanings of self-injury for this particular group.
This study is a narrative inquiry, which explores gay men’s self-injury through their experiences in context. This thesis therefore tells the stories of gay men who participated in the study and reveals their self-injury across a landscape of time, context, experiences and interactions. This study sought to address gaps in available knowledge by examining how gay men are self-injuring and what their self-injury means in the context of a life lived in relationship with self and others.
Self-injury for the gay men in this study was enacted, according to their stories, through similar methods to those reported for other populations. The men’s stories illustrated how self-injury also helped them to manage their distress and cope with a social world that can be invalidating. Through attending to the similarities and differences in experience, as they are told in the men’s stories, this thesis introduces two narratives that shape the way self-injury is known. The first, the harm narrative, is a conventional plotline derived from dominant explanations of the risk, pathology and irrationality of self-injury. This narrative has allowed stories of self-injury to be told and re-told in clinical and social contexts that foreclose alternative readings of an apparently destructive behaviour. The second narrative presented in this thesis is a moral narrative of self-injury. The moral narrative arises by holding the harm narrative to the margins, while allowing the stories of the men to emerge and be thought about narratively, that is to say their self-injury is viewed as part of a life story that is not simply reduced to harm. The moral narrative for the men in this study operates in two ways. The first is to show how, for some of the men, their self-injurious actions have moral value. The second way is to show how acts of self-injury create moral spaces in which the men are able to experience self-care and caring for others. This moral narrative represents a new way of thinking about self-injury as it occurs and is experienced in context.
The thesis concludes with ideas and suggestions for working with gay men and others who self-injure. The suggestions are that nurses defer immediate risk-based responses in order to allow clients to explore the contexts in which their self-injury occurs in order to prevent care from becoming a risk factor for further self-injury. Recommendations for further research are also made, which expand on the insights regarding self-injury and moral narratives, the health care experiences of gay men who self-injure and how self-injury exists in relationship with masculinity.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Butts, Jacquetta Danielle. "Self-Injury in the Schools: A Survey of Educators." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/7/.
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Leong, Choi Hong. "Measurement of non-suicidal self-injury for Chinese adolescents." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589387.
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Dennis, Rebecca. "Appraisal, avoidance and self-esteem after traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434709.
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Carroll, Ms Emma. "Identity, psychological adjustment and self-awareness after brain injury." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528338.
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Beasley, Vista. "Self-presentational concern as an antecedent of athletic injury." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552803.
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This study was an initial investigation of the relationship between self-presentational concern and chronic injury. An experiment with two manipulations was conducted to determine how situational self-presentational concerns affected expressions of toughness that may be linked to health-damaging behaviors that cause chronic injury. Covariates of self-presentational concerns and mental toughness were measured and determined to be equivalent across groups so that effects could be attributed to the manipulations. For a manipulation of situational self-presentational concerns, collegiate middle-distance and distance runners assigned to experimental groups read a passage. The passage was based on the components of a self-presentation model, impression motivation and impression construction. It indicated the need for runners to score high on toughness questionnaires to be evaluated favorably by coaches and governing bodies of the sport in order to achieve goals. All participants completed two questionnaires pertaining to mental toughness and tough attitude toward training through pain and injury. Expressions of mental toughness related to confidence and control were higher for participants exposed to heightened levels of situational self-presentational concerns than participants lacking the exposure. For a second manipulation, participants in one of the experimental groups were additionally exposed to a prototype describing the performance of the most successful runners on the mental toughness questionnaire. Expression of mental toughness of these participants did not differ significantly from other participants, failing to provide evidence of the prototype-matching process. Participants' expression of tough attitude toward training through pain and injury did not differ in relation to exposure to either manipulation. The results support the integration of self-presentational concerns related to mental toughness as a psychological antecedent in a model linking stressful, athletic situations and chronic injury.
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Liebling, Alison. "Suicide and self-injury amongst young offenders in custody." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303941.
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Burns, John. "Self awareness and executive functioning following traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/365/.
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This thesis is submitted in part fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (ClinPsychD) at the University of Birmingham. It contains both the research component and five clinical practice reports of clinical work that was undertaken during the three years of the course. Volume One of the thesis contains three papers. The literature review examines evidence on interventions for the rehabilitation of executive functioning. It has been written with the intention to submit to the journal: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. The empirical study is the second paper. This examines the impact of verbal and visual/verbal feedback on awareness of errors and performance on a planning task. This has been written with the intention to submit to the journal: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. The third paper is the public domain briefing paper which gives an overview of the literature review and empirical paper. Volume Two contains five clinical practice reports. The first report describes a 31year-old man with depression, formulated from a cognitive and psychodynamic framework. The second report is a small-scale service related project which evaluates the process of setting up a personality disorder service by a local PCT. The third is a single-case experimental design, with a man with severe learning disabilities, displaying agitated behaviour. The fourth is a case study report of a psychological intervention with a woman experiencing loss, adjustment and relationship difficulties. The final report is the abstract from an oral presentation of a small-scale service related project on a community psychology child placement.
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Hagger, Barbara Florence. "An exploration of self-disclosure after traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3080/.
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Aims: To investigate the motivation for concealment and disclosure of issues related to acquired and traumatic brain injury, and the association of these motivations with a range of possible predictors and outcomes (specifically, self-esteem, social support, social avoidance, loneliness, life satisfaction and community integration). Method: Three studies were carried out. The first (N=18) was a qualitative exploration of the reasons why people with acquired brain injury and their family carers chose to disclose or conceal information about the brain injury. In the second (N=55) two questionnaires were developed from the first study (the Non-Disclosure and Self-Disclosure questionnaires). These focused on the motivations of the person with the brain injury, one addressing motivations to conceal and the other motivations to disclose. Assessments of the reliability and validity of these measures were carried out. The third study (N=65) investigated the relationships between these motivations to conceal/disclose and some possible predictors and outcomes of these motivations. Findings: In the first study, a range of motivations for disclosure (e.g. seeking social support) and for concealment (e.g. avoiding the negative reactions of others) emerged from the data. In the second study, the derived questionnaires showed good internal consistency (the Cronbach’s alpha levels are N-DQ = .92 and S-DQ = .92) and the test-retest reliability (ICC= ranged from .38 to .805). Predicted significant correlations with Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation and N-DQ1 (r=.418, n=55, p=.002) and with the Distress Disclosure Index and S-DQ2 (r=.595, n=54, p=.001) provided evidence of their concurrent validity. In the third study, as hypothesized, higher motivations to conceal (i.e. high N-DQ scores) were significantly correlated with lower self esteem (r = -.357, n = 65, p = .003 with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory); higher social avoidance (r = .345, n = 64, p = .005 with the SAD); and greater loneliness (r = .380, n = 65, p = .002 with the University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale). The results of a mediation analysis were consistent with the hypothesis that higher motivations to conceal had an impact on general life satisfaction (as measured by the LiSat-11) via the mediation of social avoidance (SAD) and loneliness scale (UCLA). However, the hypothesis related to social support was not supported. Conclusions and implications: Many people affected by a brain injury and their families are concerned about the negative and positive impact that disclosure of information about the brain injury may have. Concern about the negative impact may be associated with negative views of the self, and have a range of negative social consequences. However, disclosure in some circumstances does, in reality, have a negative impact. People with an acquired brain injury and their families may need support in learning to conceal and disclose information about their injury in a more effective way.
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Howes, Hannah. "The body and the self following acquired brain injury." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43019.
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The effect of acquired brain injury (ABI) on the individual's perception of their body, and the effect of the injury on their self concept was studied. Existing literature has not addressed the significance of the body changes for the individual following ABI. In women differences in body image and psychological health were found between the control and ABI group, these centred on a greater concern with health following injury. Two male clinical groups (a stroke and a traumatic brain injury group) were examined. The changes in body image and psychological distress were investigated using two carefully matched control groups. Males with ABI had lower self esteem and greater dissatisfaction with physical and sexual functioning. Using a longitudinal design, assessment was repeated at a one year interval for male and female clinical groups. The finding was that the pattern of psychological distress and poor body image is remarkably resistant to change. The participant's experience of ABI was examined using qualitative methods. Female participants experience and was conceptualised as a grief like reaction, and a change in self. The male participants perception and was characterised by practical concerns with sexuality, relationship changes and social inclusion that seem amenable to inclusion in existing rehabilitation models. Finally the experimental chapters were related to existing theoretical models. In particular the idea of the 'body drop' that is a sudden change in the functioning of the body, triggers a reappraisal of the self was supported. The thesis argues that despite the existence of cognitive changes, it is often the physical changes that have resonance for the individual and thus have greater significance for the person with ABI.
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Ammerman, Brooke A. "CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSEQUENCE OF NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY DISCLOSURE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/514342.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is linked to several adverse effects (Bentley et al., 2015; Klonsky et al., 2013; Plener et al., 2015). However, only approximately half of those engaging in NSSI ever disclose their behavior (Armiento et al., 2014; Martin et al., 2010), with less than 15% reporting they disclosed to a healthcare provider (Hasking et al., 2015). Despite the critical role of disclosure in NSSI reduction and treatment, there is a dearth of research aimed at understanding those who disclose NSSI, to whom they disclose, and the outcomes of choosing to disclose. This is, in part, due to the absence of measures that assess perceived reactions of NSSI disclosure recipients. The current project examined these facets of NSSI disclosure through two related studies. Study 1 used an undergraduate sample (N=452) with a history of NSSI to (1) identify factors that may discriminate between those who do and do not disclose their NSSI behavior and (2) better understand the choice of NSSI disclosure recipient. Results indicated that individuals who disclosed their NSSI reported greater inter- and intra- personal motivations for NSSI and increased rates of suicide plans and attempts; groups did not differ on NSSI severity, emotional distress vulnerabilities (e.g., distress tolerance, perceived stress, suicidal ideation), or interpersonal obstacles (i.e., social support, stigma internalization). Among those who disclosed their NSSI (N=271), peers were the most common disclosure recipient. Study 2 validated a new measure of perceived social reactions upon disclosure of NSSI, the Self-Injury Social Reactions Questionnaire (SI-SRQ), and provided preliminary information about the associations between perceived social reactions and NSSI disclosure characteristics. A three-factor structure of the SI-SRQ assessing positive (tangible aid, emotional support) and negative social reactions was supported in both an undergraduate (N=269) and community (N=217) sample. Overall, the psychometric properties of the SI-SRQ were supported. However, findings did not demonstrate a relationship between disclosure characteristics (i.e., peer recipient choice, number of disclosures, involuntary disclosure) and positive or negative social reactions. Results from the current project highlights the importance of one's social context (i.e., facilitating conversations about mental health) on the likelihood of NSSI disclosure and the need for more explicit discussions about NSSI engagement, facilitated by both family members and healthcare providers. Furthermore, by examining a newly developed measure to assess perceived reactions to NSSI disclosure, the current project identified three main forms of social reactions an individual may receive upon disclosing their NSSI. Although preliminary, these findings may help inform educational efforts about responding to NSSI disclosures more effectively, such as by providing information about counseling or other services and more general, emotional support.
Temple University--Theses
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Powers, Jeffrey Thomas. "Explicit and Implicit Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Young Adults." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3137.
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Dawkins, Jessica Christine. "Applying a Cognitive-Emotional Model to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79907.
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (e.g. cutting, burning), is most commonly used as a strategy to reduce emotional distress. As such, theoretical models of self-injury have primarily focussed on the experience and regulation of emotion. This thesis extends emotion-oriented accounts of self-injury by considering the potential role of self-injury specific thoughts and beliefs in understanding the behaviour. Specifically it focuses on beliefs regarding anticipated consequences of self-injury and confidence in the ability to resist self-injury.
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Staniland, Alexandra. "Understanding Stigma in the Context of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89235.
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Non-suicidal self-injury, the harm done to oneself without intent to die, is a prevalent and highly stigmatised behaviour. This thesis contributes to our understanding of self-injury stigma by proposing a novel theoretical model and a comprehensive measure of self-injury stigma. Together, the NSSI Framework and Self-Injury Stigma Scales offer robust tools to inform and stimulate future research and contribute meaningfully and productively to the reduction of self-injury stigma.
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Whisenhunt, Julia L., Catharina Y. Ph D. Chang, Greg Ph D. Brack, Jonathan Ph D. Orr, Lisa Ph D. Adams, Melinda Ed S. Paige, Christen Peeper Ed S. McDonald, and Caroline Ed S. O'Hara. "Professional Counselors' Conceptualizations of the Relationship between Suicide and Self-Injury." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/81.
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Research that explores the relationship between suicide and self-injury is limited, and the lack of clarity surrounding this topic can present challenges for professional counselors. Although persons who self-injure are at an increased risk for suicide (e.g., Toprak, Cetin, Guven, Can, & Demircan, 2011; Chapman & Dixon-Gordon, 2007), not all individuals who engage in self-injurious behaviors attempt or complete suicide (e.g., Hawton & Harriss, 2008; Howson, Yates, & Hatcher, 2008). Research on common and distinct risk factors for suicide and self-injury (e.g., Andover, Primack, Gibb, & Pepper, 2010; Brausch & Gutierrez, 2010; Greydanus & Apple, 2011; Hawton & James, 2005; Lloyd-Richardson, Perrine, Dierker, & Kelley, 2007; Toprak et al., 2011; Wichstrom, 2009), as well as emotional antecedents and consequences for suicide and self-injury (e.g., Chapman & Dixon-Gordon, 2007), has contributed to our understanding of this complex relationship. However, the specific nature of the relationship remains unclear. This study serves to help fill the gap in the literature by examining advanced professional counselors’, as measured by the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire-Revised, conceptualizations of the relationship between suicide and self-injury and by exploring how the presence of self-injury impacts clinical assessment and interventions. Data was collected by means of an online survey. Analysis was conducted by a research team using qualitative content analysis. Seven categories emerged, including: relationship between suicide and self-injury, functions of self-injury, associated risk, suicide risk assessment, treatment planning and goals, intervention, and identification of self-injury.
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Phin, Louise. "Paradox and conflict : An exploration of personal accounts of self-harm adn self-injury." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525317.
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Le, Duy D. (Duy Dang). "Experimental Analysis of Self-injury With and Without Protective Equipment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279366/.
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Outcomes of experimental analyses during which protective equipment (PE) was placed on three participants were compared to those during which PE was not provided to them. Experimental analysis conditions were presented using a multielement format, and the effects of PE were evaluated using a withdrawal design. Results of experimental analysis without PE suggested that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by negative reinforcement for two participants and nonsocial mechanisms for the third participant. However, SIB was eliminated either immediately or eventually for all participants when PE was provided during experimental analysis. Thus, outcomes of assessments with PE did not match those without PE, and no conclusion about variables associated with SIB could be drawn from experimental analyses with PE alone. Therefore, the present findings do not support the use of PE as an alternative to standard methods for conducting experimental analysis (i.e., without PE).
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Chandler, Amy. "Pain incarnate : a narrative exploration of self-injury and embodiment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5843.
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This thesis comprises a narrative exploration of the lived experience of being someone who has self-injured. Self-injury, like pain, emotions, sensation and social life, is understood and examined as inherently embodied. The thesis is intended to contribute to sociological approaches to the study of embodiment and to sociological understandings of self-injury. Twelve participants were recruited in non-clinical sites. The sample was heterogeneous in terms of their experience of self-injury, contact with medical and psychiatric services, socio-economic background, household type, age and sexuality. Both men and women were interviewed in an attempt to counter the relative neglect of men in previous research. Two interviews were carried out with each participant: the first was a life-story interview, while the second explored self-injury more directly. The approach to data collection and analysis was intended to be collaborative, and comprised both narrative and thematic techniques. The thesis demonstrates the importance of studying self-injury as an embodied, socially situated and socially mediated behaviour. An embodied approach underlines the importance of the visibility of self-injury. The existence of visible marks and scars created by self-injury were important aspects of the lived experience of participants. The ways in which these marks were negotiated in social life represented a key focus of analysis. My analysis reveals the importance and utility of attending to the practical and material aspects of self-injury in attempting to understand the behaviour. I highlight the diverse ways in which self-injury is practised, and the equally various meanings and understandings it holds for practitioners A variety of complex and contradictory justifications for self-injury are critically examined. These justifications share a concern with pain, incarnate, suggesting that self-injury is: a method of transforming emotional pain into physical pain; a way of relieving emotional pain; painful; painless; attention-seeking; private. A sociological, narrative analysis illuminates the ways in which these understandings and justifications can be located within biographical, interpersonal and socio-cultural contexts. By locating these justifications within socio-cultural contexts, the complexities and contradictions of the accounts become understandable. My analysis confirms the importance of attending to socio-cultural understandings of bodies, emotions, authenticity and morality in exploring narratives about self-injury.
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Jackson, Stacy. "Self-Efficacy and Fears of Pain and Injury in Gymnastics and Tumbling: Does a Previous Injury Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33172/.
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The purpose of this study was to explore whether a previous gymnastic or tumbling injury influences gymnasts' and tumblers' self-efficacy, motivation, competition anxiety, and fears of pain and injury. Participants (N = 105) completed survey packets during practice which contained demographic questions and questionnaires that measure self-efficacy for physical abilities and exercise, self-motivation, risk of injury, pain catastrophizing, and sport anxiety. Results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that gymnasts and tumblers who experienced a previous injury were significantly different than those who had not experienced an injury on their self-efficacy for physical abilities (p = .007), self-motivation (p = .007), and perceived risk of reinjury (p = .018). Specifically, these findings indicate that gymnasts and tumblers with previous injuries experience higher levels of self-efficacy for physical abilities, self-motivation, and perceived risk of reinjury. Implications for coaches, gymnasts, and tumblers include: creating an open and comfortable environment to discuss pain and injury, developing strategies to break the negative cycle of fear of injury, and fostering a positive rehabilitation process. In the future, researchers should examine the influence that gender and type of competition has on self-efficacy, self-motivation, perceived risk of reinjury, pain perceptions, and competition anxiety of those who have experienced sport-related injuries, as compared to those who have not experienced these types of injuries. Researchers should also examine how the type of injury, whether it is a first time injury versus a reinjury, influences perceptions of pain and fears directly following the injury.