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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-Healing elastomer'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Wang, Peng, Zhuochao Wang, Wenxin Cao, and Jiaqi Zhu. "Facile Preparation of a Transparent, Self-Healing, and Recyclable Polysiloxane Elastomer Based on a Dynamic Imine and Boroxine Bond." Polymers 16, no. 9 (May 1, 2024): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16091262.

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Transparent polysiloxane elastomers with good self-healing and reprocessing abilities have attracted significant attention in the field of artificial skin and flexible displays. Herein, we propose a simple one-pot method to fabricate a room temperature self-healable polysiloxane elastomer (HPDMS) by introducing dynamic and reversible imine bonds and boroxine into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks. The presence of imine bonds and boroxine is proved by FT−IR and NMR spectra. The obtained HPDMS elastomer is highly transparent with a transmittance of up to 80%. The TGA results demonstrated that the HPDMS elastomer has good heat resistance and can be used in a wide temperature range. A lower glass transition temperature (Tg, −127.4 °C) was obtained and revealed that the elastomer is highly flexible at room temperature. Because of the reformation of dynamic reversible imine bonds and boroxine, the HPDMS elastomers exhibited excellent autonomous self-healing properties. After healing for 3 h, the self-healing efficiency of HPDMS reached 96.3% at room temperature. Moreover, the elastomers can be repeatedly reprocessed multiple times under milder conditions. This work provides a simple but effective method to prepare transparent self-healable and reprocessable polysiloxane elastomers.

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2

Wang, Peng, Zhuochao Wang, Lu Liu, Guobing Ying, Wenxin Cao, and Jiaqi Zhu. "Self-Healable and Reprocessable Silicon Elastomers Based on Imine–Boroxine Bonds for Flexible Strain Sensor." Molecules 28, no. 16 (August 14, 2023): 6049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166049.

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Silicon elastomers with excellent self-healing and reprocessing abilities are highly desirable for the advancement of next-generation energy, electronic, and robotic applications. In this study, a dual cross-linked self-healing polysiloxane elastomer was facilely fabricated by introducing an exchangeable imine bond and boroxine into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks. The PDMS elastomers exhibited excellent self-healing properties due to the synergistic effect of dynamic reversible imine bonds and boroxine. After healing for 2 h, the mechanical strength of the damaged elastomers completely and rapidly recovered at room temperature. Furthermore, the prepared PDMS elastomers could be repeatedly reprocessed multiple times under milder conditions without significant degradation in mechanical performance. In addition, a stretchable and self-healable electrical sensor was developed by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the PDMS elastomer, which can be employed to monitor multifarious human motions in real time. Therefore, this work provides a new inspiration for preparing self-healable and reprocessable silicone elastomers for future flexible electronics.

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3

Wietor, Jean-Luc, and Rint P Sijbesma. "A Self-Healing Elastomer." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47, no. 43 (October 13, 2008): 8161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200803072.

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4

Niu, Pengying, Beibei Liu, and Huanjun Li. "Room-Temperature Self-Healing Elastomer based on Van der Waals Forces in Air and under Water." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022066.

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Abstract With the development of flexible wearable electronic devices, researches on self-healing conductive materials have become prevalent. However, the self-healing performance of most conductive self-healing materials is commonly achieved by the external stimulus that may cause damage to the equipment. Pparticularly, these self-healing materials may lose the self-healing properties when exposed to a high-humidity environment. Here, we adopted two hydrophobic monomers (2-methoxyethyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylate) to obtain a self-healing elastomer that could display self-healing properties in air or under water though van der Waals forces. The quality and mechanical properties of the elastomer material could keep stable after stored under water for half a month. This elastomer material was capable of self-healing in different environments with self-repair efficiencies more than 50% in deionized water, strong acid solution and strong alkaline solution. The self-repair efficiencies were up to 77% at room temperature(T=25°C) and 64% at low temperature (T=-20°C) in air.

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5

Yang, Lili, Zhiting Ou, and Guancheng Jiang. "Research Progress of Elastomer Materials and Application of Elastomers in Drilling Fluid." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040918.

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An elastomer is a material that undergoes large deformation under force and quickly recovers its approximate initial shape and size after withdrawing the external force. Furthermore, an elastomer can heal itself and increase volume when in contact with certain liquids. They have been widely used as sealing elements and packers in different oil drilling and development operations. With the development of drilling fluids, elastomer materials have also been gradually used as drilling fluid additives in drilling engineering practices. According to the material type classification, elastomer materials can be divided into polyurethane elastomer, epoxy elastomer, nanocomposite elastomer, rubber elastomer, etc. According to the function classification, elastomers can be divided into self-healing elastomers, expansion elastomers, etc. This paper systematically introduces the research progress of elastomer materials based on material type classification and functional classification. Combined with the requirements for drilling fluid additives in drilling fluid application practice, the application prospects of elastomer materials in drilling fluid plugging, fluid loss reduction, and lubrication are discussed. Oil-absorbing expansion and water-absorbing expansion elastomer materials, such as polyurethane, can be used as lost circulation materials, and enter the downhole to absorb water or absorb oil to expand, forming an overall high-strength elastomer to plug the leakage channel. When graphene/nano-composite material is used as a fluid loss additive, flexibility and elasticity facilitate the elastomer particles to enter the pores of the filter cake under the action of differential pressure, block a part of the larger pores, and thus, reduce the water loss, while it would not greatly change the rheology of drilling fluid. As a lubricating material, elastic graphite can form a protective film on the borehole wall, smooth the borehole wall, behaving like a scaly film, so that the sliding friction between the metal surface of the drill pipe and the casing becomes the sliding friction between the graphite flakes, thereby reducing the friction of the drilling fluid. Self-healing elastomers can be healed after being damaged by external forces, making drilling fluid technology more intelligent. The research and application of elastomer materials in the field of drilling fluid will promote the ability of drilling fluid to cope with complex formation changes, which is of great significance in the engineering development of oil and gas wells.

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6

Hunt, Stacy, Thomas G. McKay, and Iain A. Anderson. "A self-healing dielectric elastomer actuator." Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 11 (March 17, 2014): 113701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4869294.

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7

Xie, Fang, Zhongxin Ping, Wanting Xu, Fenghua Zhang, Yuzhen Dong, Lianjie Li, Chengsen Zhang, and Xiaobo Gong. "A Metal Coordination-Based Supramolecular Elastomer with Shape Memory-Assisted Self-Healing Effect." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224879.

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Rubber materials are widely used in aerospace, automotive, smart devices and artificial skin. It is significant to address the aging susceptibility of conventional vulcanized rubber and to impart it rapid self-healing performance for destructive crack damage. Herein, a novel supramolecular rubber elastomer is prepared by introducing metal coordination between carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene and polystyrene-vinylpyridine copolymer. Based on the metal coordination interaction, the elastomer exhibits shape memory and self-healing properties. Moreover, a rapid closure-repair process of destructive cracks is achieved by presetting temporary shapes. This shape memory-assisted self-repair model is shown to be an effective means for rapid repair of severe cracks. An approach to enhance the mechanical and self-healing properties of elastomer was demonstrated by adding appropriate amounts of oxidized carbon nano-onions (O-CNO) into the system. The tensile strength of the elastomer with an O-CNOs content of 0.5 wt% was restored to 83 ± 10% of the original sample after being repaired at 85 °C for 6 h. This study confirms that metal coordination interaction is an effective method for designing shape memory self-healing rubber elastomer. The shape memory-assisted self-healing effect provides a reference for the rapid self-repairing of severe cracks.

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8

Ding, Yaoke, Jincheng Wang, and Shiqiang Song. "Synthesis and Characterization of Linear Polyisoprene Supramolecular Elastomers Based on Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010110.

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Supramolecular elastomers based on quaternary hydrogen bonding of ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups own special properties such as reversibility, self-healing, and good processability, which can be used in many special fields. In this paper, a novel type of linear polyisoprene supramolecular elastomer (LPSE) was prepared via anionic polymerization by deliberately introducing hydroxyl, isocyanate, and UPy groups into the ends. The formation of supramolecular structure showed significant effects on the microphase structures of LPSE, which was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results showed that the introduction of UPy groups played a certain role in the improvement of the thermal stability, toughness, and tensile strength of the elastomer. Moreover, from self-healing tests, the hydrogen bonds of UPy showed dynamic characteristics which were different from covalent sacrificial bonds and exhibited the reassociation phenomenon. This study can not only extend our understanding of the toughening effect of strong hydrogen bonds, but also help us to rationally design new and tough elastomers.

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9

Tang, Miao, Peng Zheng, Kaiqing Wang, Yajie Qin, Yizhou Jiang, Yuanrong Cheng, Zhuo Li, and Limin Wu. "Autonomous self-healing, self-adhesive, highly conductive composites based on a silver-filled polyborosiloxane/polydimethylsiloxane double-network elastomer." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 48 (2019): 27278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09158k.

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10

Michel, Silvain, Bryan T. T. Chu, Sascha Grimm, Frank A. Nüesch, Andreas Borgschulte, and Dorina M. Opris. "Self-healing electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 38 (2012): 20736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32228e.

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11

Madsen, Frederikke Bahrt, Liyun Yu, and Anne Ladegaard Skov. "Self-Healing, High-Permittivity Silicone Dielectric Elastomer." ACS Macro Letters 5, no. 11 (October 13, 2016): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00662.

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12

Li, Cheng-Hui, Chao Wang, Christoph Keplinger, Jing-Lin Zuo, Lihua Jin, Yang Sun, Peng Zheng, et al. "A highly stretchable autonomous self-healing elastomer." Nature Chemistry 8, no. 6 (April 18, 2016): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2492.

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13

Shuib, Raa Khimi, Nuur Laila Najwa Thajudin, and Mohd Hafiz Zainol. "Self-Healing Magnetorheological Elastomer for Vibration Damping." Materials Science Forum 982 (March 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.982.3.

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In this work, magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) based on nickel zinc ferrite and natural rubber were prepared. Self-healing capability was employed to the MRE by peroxide induced graft polymerization between zinc thiolate and natural rubber to produce reversible ionic crosslinks that can recover the properties of the fracture materials. Evidence that reversible ionic crosslinks occurred was determined by tensile test of original and healed sample. The results revealed that the tensile strength of the MRE recovered 56% in a minute and almost 100% in 10 minutes at room temperature. The morphology of the fractured surface also showed the fracture area was recovered after the healing processed. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the MREs under cyclic loading were also examined with parallel plate rheometer.

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14

Keller, M. W., S. R. White, and N. R. Sottos. "A Self-Healing Poly(Dimethyl Siloxane) Elastomer." Advanced Functional Materials 17, no. 14 (August 17, 2007): 2399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700086.

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15

Wang, Mei, Zilin Zhang, Guangda Li, and Aihua Jing. "Room-Temperature Self-Healing Conductive Elastomers for Modular Assembly as a Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensing Platform for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Exosomes." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030617.

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Modular components for rapid assembly of microfluidics must put extra effort into solving leakage and alignment problems between individual modules. Here, we demonstrate a conductive elastomer with self-healing properties and propose a modular microfluidic component configuration system that utilizes self-healing without needing external interfaces as an alternative to the traditional chip form. Specifically, dual dynamic covalent bond crosslinks (imine and borate ester bonds) established between Polyurethane (PU) and 2-Formylbenzeneboronic acid (2-FPBA) are the key to a hard room-temperature self-healing elastomeric substrate PP (PU/2-FPBA). An MG (MXene/GO) conductive network with stable layer spacing (Al-O bonds) obtained from MXene and graphene oxide (GO) by in situ reduction of metals confers photothermal conductivity to PP. One-step liquid molding obtained a standardized modular component library of puzzle shapes from PP and MGPP (MG/PP). The exosomes were used to validate the performance of the constructed microfluidic electrochemical biosensing platform. The device has a wide detection range (50–105 particles/μL) and a low limit of detection (LOD) (42 particles/μL) (S/N = 3), providing a disposable, reusable, cost-effective, and rapid analysis platform for quantitative detection of colorectal cancer exosomes. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first exploration of self-healing conductive elastomers for a modular microfluidic electrochemical biosensing platform.

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16

Wang, Linlin, Jie Zhou, Lei Li, and Shengyu Feng. "Poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s: Valuable Building Blocks for Supramolecular Elastomers with Tunable Mechanical Performance and Superior Healing Capacity." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040699.

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Supramolecular elastomers integrated with high mechanical toughness and excellent self-healing ability offer attractive applications in various fields such as biomedical materials and wearable electronics. However, the multistep preparation process for creating functional polymer precursors and the expensive stock materials required are two factors that limit the widespread use of supramolecular elastomers. Herein, for the first time, poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s generated by amine-epoxy polymerization were used in the development of supramolecular polymer materials. Based on the novel silicon-containing poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s synthesized by the polymerization between 1,3-bis(3-glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, dually cross-linked supramolecular elastomers with both hydrogen bonding and metal coordination were achieved, displaying adjustable mechanical properties with the tensile strength varying from 0.70 MPa to 2.52 MPa, respectively. Thanks to the dynamic nature of the supramolecular interactions, these elastomers exhibited favorable hot-pressing reprocessability and excellent self-healing performance, with the healing efficiency reaching up to 98% at 60 °C for 48 h. Potential applications for photoluminescent materials and flexible electronic devices were demonstrated. We believe that its simplicity of synthesis, adjustable mechanical properties, and robust self-healing capacities bode well for future applications of this new supramolecular elastomer.

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17

Wang, Dong, Dingyao Liu, JianHua Xu, JiaJun Fu, and Kai Wu. "Highly thermoconductive yet ultraflexible polymer composites with superior mechanical properties and autonomous self-healing functionality via a binary filler strategy." Materials Horizons 9, no. 2 (2022): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1mh01746b.

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Embedding BNNSs–LM binary fillers into an intrinsic self-healing poly(urea–urethane) elastomer enables the resultant thermally conductive composite to achieve a thermal–mechanical–self-healing balance.

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18

Xia, LiangLiang, HongJun Tu, Wen Zeng, XiaoLing Yang, Ming Zhou, Linkai Li, and Xiao Guo. "A room-temperature self-healing elastomer with ultra-high strength and toughness fabricated via optimized hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 8 (2022): 4344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08748g.

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A room-temperature self-healing polyurethane elastomer synthesised via optimized hierarchical H-bonding interactions ultimately exhibited a synchronous self-healing efficiency of more than 83% with tensile strength, elongation, and toughness.

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19

Tang, Miao, Zili Li, Kaiqing Wang, Yizhou Jiang, Mi Tian, Yajie Qin, Ye Gong, Zhuo Li, and Limin Wu. "Ultrafast self-healing and self-adhesive polysiloxane towards reconfigurable on-skin electronics." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 4 (2022): 1750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09096h.

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We develop a novel polysiloxane elastomer with ultrafast self-healing capability, robust mechanical properties, universal self-adhesiveness, and reconfigurability towards any shapes, which is potential for on-skin electrophysiological electrodes.

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20

Sun, Siqin, Chaoxian Chen, Jianghong Zhang, and Jianshe Hu. "Biodegradable smart materials with self-healing and shape memory function for wound healing." RSC Advances 13, no. 5 (2023): 3155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07493a.

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(A) SMPs suture for the wound; (B) schematic process of the SMPs; (C) illustration picture of the construction of the SMPs ; (D) the network structure of the SMPs; (E) the 1H NMR spectrum of the monomer MBC, initiator, and elastomer P2.

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21

Song, Shiqiang, Honghao Hou, Jincheng Wang, Pinhua Rao, and Yong Zhang. "A self-healable, stretchable, tear-resistant and sticky elastomer enabled by a facile polymer blends strategy." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 7 (2021): 3931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta11497a.

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A high-stretchability, high-strength, tear-resistant, self-healing and adhesive elastomer is prepared through a facile and effective physical blending strategy. The elastomer shows potential applications in e-skin devices.

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22

Yang, Yilin, Xun Lu, and Weiwei Wang. "A tough polyurethane elastomer with self-healing ability." Materials & Design 127 (August 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.015.

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23

Zhao, KaiFeng, Chi Lv, and JunPing Zheng. "A robust mechanochromic self-healing poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer." Science China Technological Sciences 63, no. 5 (March 30, 2020): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1479-1.

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24

Ryu, Yeon Sung, Kyung Wha Oh, and Seong Hun Kim. "Furan-based self-healing breathable elastomer coating on polylactide fabric." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (January 30, 2018): 814–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518755791.

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The demand for breathable waterproof products has increased with the need for functional sportswear. However, these membranes have a major weakness in the loss of performance over time. The self-healing polymer has attracted much attention as a solution to this problem. In this research, a bio-based self-healing polymer from furan-based polymer was synthesized to produce a sustainable waterproof membrane. The furan-based self-healing polymer was synthesized from poly(butylene furanoate) and bismaleimide via a Diels–Alder reaction and blended with bio polyurethane. Poly(ethylene glycol) was also blended to obtain nonporous breathable waterproofness. These synthesis processes were identified by spectroscopy analysis. To investigate the self-healing ability of the polymer, a film sample was sliced and reattached. These self-healing processes were observed and verified by morphological and mechanical analysis. These self-healing polymer films were successfully healed in 24 h. The polymer was coated on a polylactide fabric using a doctor blade. The self-healing ability of the membrane was investigated by breathable water repellency analysis and it was maintained after the coating process. The waterproofness and vapor permeability were also measured, and these results identified that the fabricated membrane has a possibility as a breathable waterproof fabric. Environmental performance was confirmed by the enzymatic degradation test.

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25

Utrera-Barrios, Saul, Ornella Ricciardi, Sergio González, Raquel Verdejo, Miguel Ángel López-Manchado, and Marianella Hernández Santana. "Development of Sustainable, Mechanically Strong, and Self-Healing Bio-Thermoplastic Elastomers Reinforced with Alginates." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 4607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214607.

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New bio-thermoplastic elastomer composites with self-healing capacities based on epoxidized natural rubber and polycaprolactone blends reinforced with alginates were developed. This group of salts act as natural reinforcing fillers, increasing the tensile strength of the unfilled rubber from 5.6 MPa to 11.5 MPa without affecting the elongation at break (~1000% strain). In addition, the presence of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds between the components provides the material with a thermally assisted self-healing capacity, as it is able to restore its catastrophic damages and recover diverse mechanical properties up to ~100%. With the results of this research, an important and definitive step is planned toward the circularity of elastomeric materials.

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26

Ogliani, E., L. Yu, I. Javakhishvili, and A. L. Skov. "A thermo-reversible silicone elastomer with remotely controlled self-healing." RSC Advances 8, no. 15 (2018): 8285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13686b.

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27

Peng, Yan, Lijuan Zhao, Changyue Yang, Yi Yang, Cheng Song, Qi Wu, Guangsu Huang, and Jinrong Wu. "Super tough and strong self-healing elastomers based on polyampholytes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 39 (2018): 19066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06561f.

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28

Yu, Tianwen, Yifei Shan, Zhixi Li, Xiaoxiao Wang, Huanan Cui, Kun Yang, and Yongyan Cui. "Application of a super-stretched self-healing elastomer based on methyl vinyl silicone rubber for wearable electronic sensors." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 42 (2021): 6145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01089a.

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29

Xiong, Jiaqing, Gurunathan Thangavel, Jiangxin Wang, Xinran Zhou, and Pooi See Lee. "Self-healable sticky porous elastomer for gas-solid interacted power generation." Science Advances 6, no. 29 (July 2020): eabb4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4246.

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A previously unknown gas-solid interacted power generation is developed using triboelectric effect. We designed an adhesive, gas-tight, and self-healing supramolecular polysiloxane-dimethylglyoxime–based polyurethane (PDPU) porous elastomer based on segmented oxime-carbamate-urea. It is an intrinsically triboelectric negative material with trapped air within closed voids, exhibiting ultrahigh static surface potential and excellent compressibility. This porous PDPU generates electricity from interactions between the trapped air and the elastomeric matrix under periodical compression. The positively charged trapped air (or other gas) dominates the tribo-electrification with PDPU, inducing electron transfer from gas to the solid polymer for electricity generation. The self-healable elastomer renders gas-solid interacted triboelectric nanogenerator, GS-TENG, with high stretchability (~1200%). The inherently adhesive surface enables adherance to other substrates, allowing mechanical energy harvesting from deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching. GS-TENG promises a freestanding wearable functional tactile skin for self-powered sensing of touch pressure, human motions, and Parkinsonian gait.

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30

Miwa, Yohei, Junosuke Kurachi, Yusuke Sugino, Taro Udagawa, and Shoichi Kutsumizu. "Toward strong self-healing polyisoprene elastomers with dynamic ionic crosslinks." Soft Matter 16, no. 14 (2020): 3384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00058b.

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31

Georgopoulou, Antonia, Anton W. Bosman, Joost Brancart, Bram Vanderborght, and Frank Clemens. "Supramolecular Self-Healing Sensor Fiber Composites for Damage Detection in Piezoresistive Electronic Skin for Soft Robots." Polymers 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172983.

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Self-healing materials can prolong the lifetime of structures and products by enabling the repairing of damage. However, detecting the damage and the progress of the healing process remains an important issue. In this study, self-healing, piezoresistive strain sensor fibers (ShSFs) are used for detecting strain deformation and damage in a self-healing elastomeric matrix. The ShSFs were embedded in the self-healing matrix for the development of self-healing sensor fiber composites (ShSFC) with elongation at break values of up to 100%. A quadruple hydrogen-bonded supramolecular elastomer was used as a matrix material. The ShSFCs exhibited a reproducible and monotonic response. The ShSFCs were investigated for use as sensorized electronic skin on 3D-printed soft robotic modules, such as bending actuators. Depending on the bending actuator module, the electronic skin was loaded under either compression (pneumatic-based module) or tension (tendon-based module). In both configurations, the ShSFs could be successfully used as deformation sensors, and in addition, detect the presence of damage based on the sensor signal drift. The sensor under tension showed better recovery of the signal after healing, and smaller signal relaxation. Even with the complete severing of the fiber, the piezoresistive properties returned after the healing, but in that case, thermal heat treatment was required. With their resilient response and self-healing properties, the supramolecular fiber composites can be used for the next generation of soft robotic modules.

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32

Fan, Fan, and Jerzy Szpunar. "The self-healing mechanism of an industrial acrylic elastomer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132, no. 25 (March 11, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.42135.

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33

Ji, Shaobo, Wei Cao, Ying Yu, and Huaping Xu. "Visible-Light-Induced Self-Healing Diselenide-Containing Polyurethane Elastomer." Advanced Materials 27, no. 47 (October 20, 2015): 7740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503661.

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34

LI, Zixin, Hanjun HUANG, Somary YOU, Jianwei MENG, Lei WANG, Libai XIAO, and Xiangkui REN. "Preparation and Properties of Self-healing Luminescent Polyurethane Elastomer." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 44, no. 6 (2023): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjl.20230005.

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35

Wang, Xue, Huijuan Zhang, Biao Yang, Liguo Wang, and Hui Sun. "A colorless, transparent and self-healing polyurethane elastomer modulated by dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 15 (2020): 5746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06457e.

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36

Xu, Kangming, Guoqing Chen, Mingjie Zhao, Weiyi He, Qiaoman Hu, and Yong Pu. "Transparent, self-recoverable, highly tough, puncture and tear resistant polyurethane supramolecular elastomer with fast self-healing capacity via “hard–soft” hard domain design." RSC Advances 12, no. 5 (2022): 2712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07083e.

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Li, Ren'ai, Guangxue Chen, Ting Fan, Kaili Zhang, and Minghui He. "Transparent conductive elastomers with excellent autonomous self-healing capability in harsh organic solvent environments." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 10 (2020): 5056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00050g.

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38

Si, Pengxiang, Fan Jiang, Qingsha S. Cheng, Geoffrey Rivers, Hongjie Xie, Aung Ko Ko Kyaw, and Boxin Zhao. "Triple non-covalent dynamic interactions enabled a tough and rapid room temperature self-healing elastomer for next-generation soft antennas." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 47 (2020): 25073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06613c.

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Li, Haixia, Wei Wei, and Huiming Xiong. "An asymmetric A–B–A′ metallo-supramolecular triblock copolymer linked by Ni2+–bis-terpyridine complexes at one junction." Soft Matter 12, no. 5 (2016): 1411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02639c.

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40

Nellesen, A., M. von Tapavicza, J. Bertling, A. M. Schmidt, G. Bauer, and T. Speck. "Self-Healing in Plants as a Model for Self-Repairing Elastomer Materials." Polymers from Renewable Resources 2, no. 4 (November 2011): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791100200402.

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Polymer based elements are frequently subject to high mechanical load. It is well known, that such components can spontaneously break although the mechanical stress has not reached the average maximum load. These fatigue fractures are caused by micro-cracks. A smart approach would be to implement a self-healing function that is able to heal a crack in an early stage and thus avoid crack propagation. Fraunhofer UMSICHT and the Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg together with co-operation partners develop biomimetic self-healing elastomers having the capability to repair micro-cracks automatically without any intervention from outside.

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Cao, Jinfeng, Dongdong Han, Hang Lu, Peng Zhang, and Shengyu Feng. "A readily self-healing and recyclable silicone elastomer via boron–nitrogen noncovalent crosslinking." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 23 (2018): 18517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04258f.

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42

Zhang, Qiankun, Guangxue Chen, Ren'ai Li, Liang Lin, and Minghui He. "Mechanically tough yet self-healing transparent conductive elastomers obtained using a synergic dual cross-linking strategy." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 13 (2021): 2016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01760d.

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Wang, Da-Peng, Zi-Han Zhao, Cheng-Hui Li, and Jing-Lin Zuo. "An ultrafast self-healing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with persistent sealing performance." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 7 (2019): 1411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00115h.

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A novel polydimethylsiloxane elastomer obtained by crosslinking a long chain of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with tetra-functional biphenyl via an aldimine polycondensation reaction, exhibits ultrafast self-healing capability and persistent sealing performance (can completely self-heal punctured holes or scratches in seconds and therefore maintain its excellent sealing property).

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Liu, Jie, Jun Liu, Sheng Wang, Jing Huang, Siwu Wu, Zhenghai Tang, Baochun Guo, and Liqun Zhang. "An advanced elastomer with an unprecedented combination of excellent mechanical properties and high self-healing capability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 48 (2017): 25660–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08255j.

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45

Nellesen, A., M. von Tapavicza, J. Bertling, A. M. Schmidt, G. Bauer, and T. Speck. "Self-Healing in Plants as a Model for Self-Repairing Elastomer Materials." International Polymer Science and Technology 38, no. 9 (September 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1103800901.

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Zhao, Jian, Rui Xu, Gaoxing Luo, Jun Wu, and Hesheng Xia. "A self-healing, re-moldable and biocompatible crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 5 (2016): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb02036k.

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Feng, Xianqi, Gongzheng Zhang, Bo Xu, Haoyang Jiang, Quanming Bai, and Huanjun Li. "Self-healing elastomer assembly towards three-dimensional shape memory devices." RSC Advances 5, no. 86 (2015): 70000–70004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13537k.

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Zhang, Ling-Jun, Lu Zhou, Yang Yan, Ming-Xing Wu, and Na Wu. "Fast self-healing solid polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for lithium metal batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 9 (2022): 4049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj06193c.

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By introducing multiple molecule/intermolecular hydrogen bonds into the polydimethylsiloxane elastomer system, the solid polymeric electrolyte with high ion conductivity and high electrochemical stability obtains the fast self-healing speed.

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Shi, Jinfeng, Na Zhao, Dongying Yan, Jianhui Song, Wenxin Fu, and Zhibo Li. "Design of a mechanically strong and highly stretchable thermoplastic silicone elastomer based on coulombic interactions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 12 (2020): 5943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01593h.

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A thermoplastic silicone elastomer exclusively based on the salt-bonding between COOH and ZnO was successfully prepared, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, high stretchability and temperature-assisted self-healing ability.

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Liu, Xiaoxuan. "Various Kinds of Self-Healing Elastomer Materials for 3D Printing." Video Proceedings of Advanced Materials 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 2020–0835. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/vpoam.2020.0835.

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