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1
Morales, Carlos, Claudia Holtschlag, Aline D. Masuda, and Percy Marquina. "In which cultural contexts do individual values explain entrepreneurship? An integrative values framework using Schwartz’s theories." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242618811890.
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Answering research calls for better contextualisation of entrepreneurial behaviour, we examine the cultural contexts in which individuals with entrepreneurial values (Schwartz’s self-enhancement- and openness-to-change values) are most likely to be entrepreneurs. Culture is assessed through Schwartz’s cultural dimensions of mastery and egalitarianism. The results of multilevel logistic regressions with more than 35,000 respondents nested in 28 European countries support the hypotheses that individual values are more important for explaining entrepreneurship in non-entrepreneurial cultures (low in mastery and egalitarianism). Our results indicate that mastery compensates for openness-to-change, whereas egalitarianism reduces the impact of both self-enhancement and openness-to-change values.
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Yaacob, Wan Suhaila Wan, and Dr Yahya Don. "Teacher Leadership Model: Roles and Values." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 12, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 2556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.6994.
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This project paper aimed at identifying the dimensions for teacher leadership model. The instrument used to measure the dimensions was adapted from Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment (TLSA) by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009). This measurement tool consists of 47 items distributed into seven dimensions namely 1) self-awareness, 2) leading change, 3) communication, 4) diversity, 5) instructional proficiency and leadership, 6) continuous improvement, and 7) self-organization. This project paper involved 130 teachers of Mara Junior Science Colleges in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling technique was utilized to perform the required statistical analysis of the survey data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were carried out to substantiate the dimensions used. Based on the EFA and CFA, 4 dimensions are relevant for teacher leadership practice in Malaysian setting with 28 items identified to have high value of validity and reliability. The four dimensions are labelled as 1) self-awareness, 2) communication and change, 3) diversity and instructional proficiency, and 4) organized and continuous improvement. These dimensions could be characterized as values or roles of teacher leaders.
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Lyons, Sean T., Linda Duxbury, and Christopher Higgins. "An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.339-352.
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This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.
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Donnachie, Craig, Kate Hunt, Nanette Mutrie, Jason M. R. Gill, and Paul Kelly. "Responsiveness of Device-Based and Self-Report Measures of Physical Activity to Detect Behavior Change in Men Taking Part in the Football Fans in Training (FFIT) Program." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0018.
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The capacity of physical activity (PA) measures to detect changes in PA within interventions is crucial. This is the first study to examine the responsiveness of activPAL3™ and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; Short Form) in detecting PA change during a 12-week group-based, men-only weight management program—Football Fans in Training (FFIT). Participants wore an activPAL3™ and completed the IPAQ pre- and post-program (n = 30). Relationships between change scores were assessed by Spearman’s correlations. Mean or median changes in PA were measured using paired samples t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Responsiveness to change was assessed utilizing Standardized Response Mean (SRM). Both device-based and self-report measures demonstrated significant changes pre-post intervention, although these changes were not significantly correlated. The SRM values for changes in activPAL3™ metrics were: 0.54 (for MET-mins/day); 0.53 (for step counts/day); and 0.44 (for MVPA/day), indicating a small to medium responsiveness to change. SRM values for changes in IPAQ scores were: 0.59 (for total PA mins/day); 0.54 (for total MET-mins/day); 0.59 (for walking MET-mins/day); 0.38 (for vigorous MET-mins/day); and 0.38 (for moderate MET-mins/day), revealing a small to medium responsiveness to change. These findings reveal that two commonly used device-based and self-report measures demonstrated responsiveness to changes in PA. While inclusion of both device-based and self-report measures is desirable within interventions it is not always feasible. The results from this study support that self-reported measures can detect PA change within behavioral interventions, although may have a tendency to overestimate changes compared with device-based measures on absolute values, but not standardized response values.
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Luciani, Michela, Paola Rebora, Emanuela Rossi, Luca Tonoli, Silvia Androni, Enrico Ballerini, Diletta Fabrizi, Barbara Riegel, Davide Ausili, and Stefania Di Mauro. "How Do Basic Human Values Affect Self-Care of Type 2 Diabetes Patients? A Multicentre Observational Study." Clinical Nursing Research 29, no. 5 (January 18, 2019): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773818825003.
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In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, human values have been identified as having a possible impact on self-care. Despite this, basic human values have never been described in the T2DM population and the association between basic human values and self-care has not been assessed. The aims of this study were to describe basic human values and self-care, and investigate the associations between basic human values and self-care in adults with T2DM. The study was cross-sectional multicentre with T2DM patients ( n = 390). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from charts, and two questionnaires were administered. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) measured basic human values and allowed us to group patients into four groups based on the value profile: (A) Openness to Change and Self-Transcendence, (B) Conservation and Self-Transcendence, (C) Conservation and Self-Enhancement, and (D) Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement. The Self-care of Diabetes Inventory measured self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care confidence, according to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations between the basic human values and self-care. Group D (Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement) performed significantly lower self-care maintenance ( p = .024) and self-care monitoring ( p = .031) when compared with Group A, and lower self-care monitoring ( p = .008) and self-care management ( p = .018) when compared with Group B. Group D showed significantly lower self-care monitoring ( p = .027) when compared with Group C. People with T2DM who value more self-enhancement and openness to change might be more prone to perform worse self-care compared with those who value conservation and self-transcendence. Clinicians should consider this when designing interventions aimed at improving self-care behaviors in patients with T2DM.
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Keller, Johannes, and Rebekka Kesberg. "Regulatory focus and human values." Psihologija 50, no. 2 (2017): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi160809004k.
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The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins? regulatory focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation - the Rubicon Model of Action Phases - reveals that although both approaches refer to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas selfregulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and selfregulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover, promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.
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Naqiyah, Najlatun. "Positive Behavior Values to Improve Student Self-Efficacy: A Case Study in Islamic Boarding Schools." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (September 26, 2022): 1577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10508.
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Student self-efficacy is related to the belief of individuals doing daily activities in boarding schools. This study aims to describe the positive behavior performed by Kiai and Nyai to improve student self-efficacy. Research Methods use qualitative methods with case studies. Data is obtained by interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis uses content analysis. The results showed that Kiai and Nyai's positive behavior could improve students' self-efficacy. Examples of Kiai and Nyai's behavior include giving positive values such as honesty, patience, gratitude, self-acceptance, and self-assessment. The increase in student self-efficacy can start with oneself solving problems encountered in school. Kiai and Nyai as role models and behaviors of Islamic values can be applied by counselors to change students in a better direction to be happy. The implication is that counselors need to set an example, strengthening students' positive values so as to increase self-efficacy
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Koprowicz, Anna, and Iwona Gumowska. "Communication in the family and the system of values of young people in late adolescence." Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio 49, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v49i1.892.
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Communication in the family fulfills a number of important functions: it enables the transfer of information and acquiring knowledge, fosters building bonds and strengthening relationships, and helps build self-esteem and identity. It also serves to convey patterns of social functioning and the value system.The aim of this study is to show the relationship between the preferred values and the assessment of communication in the generational family. 200 people aged 17 to 23 were included in the study. The research used the Short Schwartz Value Scale (SSVS) and the G scale (communication) from the FACES IV by D. Olson. The analysis of the research results shows that people who assess communication in their family best, attach great importance to such values as: benevolence, tradition, conformity and security. The k-means analysis made it possible to distinguish three clusters of the respondents, of which communication in their family is best assessed by people belonging to the second cluster, for which the highest scores regarding the preference for values related to a conservation, openness to change and self-transcendence are characteristic. The surveyed women assess communication in their families better than men. They also more often choose values that are associated with self-transcendence. Men, on the other hand, prefer values related to self-enhancement, mainly power.
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Suvorova, Irina, Vyacheslav Cherepanov, and Vladislav Basmanov. "Peculiarity of Determination of Economic Current Density Values for 6 – 35 kV Power Lines under Modern Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.300.
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The paper studies the issues concerning the updating of standardized values of economic current density due to the change of price indices in the modern Russian economy. Results of economic current density determination for 6 – 35 kV power lines based on minimal discounted costs in terms of modern cost data are presented. Assessment of responsitivity of economic current density values to the variation of technical and economic factors influencing them has been performed. Moreover, economic current density values for cables insulated with cross-linked polyethylene and self-supporting insulated wires which are not presented in the Electrical Installation Code have been obtained. Changes in electric power cost and time-dependant changes of electric load are taken into consideration in the specified values.
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Bouzid, Yasmine, Joanne Arsenault, Ellen Bonnel, Eduardo Cervantes, Annie Kan, Dustin Burnett, Nancy Keim, Danielle Lemay, and Charles Stephensen. "Manual Data Cleaning Can Significantly Change Nutrient Values Recorded in Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recalls (ASA24)." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa056_009.
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Abstract Objectives To characterize the effect of manual data cleaning on individual dietary intake assessment using Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recalls® (ASA24s). We aimed to determine whether there was a difference in measures of key nutrients (energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, fiber) before and after manual correction of automated coding errors. Methods Dietary recalls up to 4 days were collected using ASA24. Data cleaning was completed by systematically reviewing and excluding recalls with technical errors identified by a quality control team. A registered dietitian reviewed open-ended text responses and corrected nutrient data for foods where automated coding did not produce an optimal match. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated using measurements of physical activity, resting metabolic rate, and estimated thermic effect of food. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine differences in median nutrient measures. Mean energy intake was compared to TEE using Spearman correlation. Results After removing recalls that were incomplete or with technical errors, 1499 recalls were completed by 393 subjects. Recalls modified during the data cleaning process constitute 209 (14%) from 140 subjects with at least 1 recall modified (36%). Using all recalls, median intakes of energy, total fat, protein, and fiber were different after data cleaning compared to before (P < 0.05). When limiting to recalls modified during cleaning (n = 209), significant differences were found for energy, fat, protein, and fiber (P < 0.02). Using mean nutrient intakes of subjects with at least 2 valid recalls (n = 385), there were no significant differences before and after cleaning (P > 0.05). However, for the 140 subjects with at least one modified recall, significant differences were found for energy, fat, and protein of mean data (P < 0.02). The association between mean energy and measured TEE was slightly higher, but not significantly, for the cleaned data compared to uncleaned. Conclusions Data cleaning can significantly change nutrient values recorded in 24-hour recalls. For assessment of individual dietary intake, investigators should evaluate open-ended text responses in ASA24 and consider correcting data based on nutrients of interest. Funding Sources USDA.
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Vasil'chuk, Yurij Kirillovich. "Possible changes of the isotopic composition of ice wedge as a result of self-diffusion." Арктика и Антарктика, no. 3 (March 2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2021.3.36603.
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The subject of this research is the assessment of changes of the isotopic composition of ice wedge as a result of self-diffusion. The author offers a relatively simple method of considering the impact of the process of self-diffusion upon redistribution of paleo-isotopic composition that allows accurately and quickly estimating the changes in the values δ18О and δ2H values in ice wedges at different periods of the quaternary (1000 years, 10,000 years, 100,000 years, and 1,000,000 years). The patterns of diffusion process in physico-chemical systems are described by two differential forms of Fick's diffusion laws, which are transformed into Gaussian integral, using six-digit Chambers charts for calculation of the threshold values δ18О. The article applies the experimentally determined real values of self-diffusion coefficient in the ice – D=(2–10)×10-15 m2/s. The values of the Gaussian integral are calculated for time intervals, at different distances between samples with different concentration; for the period of 1,000 years its values in all cases exceed 0.99. For longer time intervals, these values change significantly. The calculated probabilistic values of changes in the concentration of heavy oxygen isotopes in ice wedge under the impact of self-diffusion at different distances and concentration gradients are noticeable only for the time period of over 100,000 years.
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Buravleva, Natalia A., and Inna V. Atamanova. "Psychological Characteristics of Activity, Traditional Values and Safety Values of University Youth in the Context of Innovativeness." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 84 (2022): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/84/3.
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Exploring value orientations and psychological characteristics of activity in students in the context of their innovativeness is relevant in connection with the society's social demands and the specifics of personal and professional development of this category of young people. Such a study is significant, since it is students who are potential and active subjects of various social transformations, the most intellectually advanced and creative part of youth. The study focused on correlation and regression analyses of value orientations and psychological characteristics of activity among university students in Tomsk (N = 419). In the study the following research instruments were used: Sh. Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (modified by K.V. Sugonyaev); R. Inglehart's World Values Survey (adapted by R.K. Khabibulin); N.M. Lebedeva and A.N. Tatarko's Self-Assessment of Personality's Innovative Qualities; E.Yu. Mandrikova's Self-Organization of Activity Questionnaire; the Differential Test of Reflexivity (D.A. Leontiev); the Satisfaction with Life Scale (E. Diener; adapted by D.A. Leontiev and E.N. Osin); the Index of Personal Readiness for Activity (S.A. Bogomaz, I.V. Atamanova); the Change Response Styles Questionnaire (T.Yu. Bazarov, M.P. Sycheva); the Academic Motivation Scales questionnaire (T.O. Gordeeva, O.A. Sychev and E.N. Osin, based on the R. Vallerand Academic Motivation Scale). Regression analysis has shown that the leading psychological characteristics of activity in university youth in the context of innovativeness are “Index of innovativeness”, “Index of personal readiness for activity” and “Implementing style of responding to changes”. The regression analysis results indicate that the innovative style of responding to changes is not preferable among students when assessing their innovativeness. The study conducted revealed the ambivalence of the relationship between university youth's traditional values, safety values and their psychological characteristics of activity. This fact may indicate that current societal transformations inevitably affect personality characteristics of young people, showing that values ensuring the society's stability and security, the absence of chaos are important for them, as well as the significance of development, expansion of opportunities for self-realization, socio-cultural transformations. The study findings show the need for taking into account the degree of manifestation of psychological parameters in question and their ratio in students to ensure their personal and socio-cultural development. Investigating students' psychological characteristics can be used as guidelines for developing various programs of psychological and pedagogical support for their personal and professional development during their studies at university, searching for models of training specialists that meet the current requirements.
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Sultan, Zubair, Omer Al-Tamimi, and Dhahir Ali. "Assessment of Unconfined Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics Using Self-Potential Method: Case Study in Laylan Sub-Basin, Kirkuk, Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 55, no. 2F (December 31, 2022): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.55.2f.13ms-2022-12-28.
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This study aims to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the unconfined aquifer in the Laylan area, Kirkuk, Iraq. The pumping test was carried out on four wells in the Laylan area. all wells penetrate the quaternary sediment, which consists of sand, gravel and clay, the monitoring of the change in the groundwater table was carried out by the groundwater depth detector and the self-potential device, as the purpose of this study was to find an alternative to the traditional methods that monitor the draw down during pumping test, whose use is often accompanied by many obstacles and especially most of the wells belong privately to the farmers, where the goal was to find a relationship between the self-potential readings and the change of the water depth that measured by groundwater depth detector. a mathematical relationship was obtained that links the values of the two variables. In addition, the conductivity value was calculated by substituting the self-potential value in the equation to find the draw down values and then entering into the aquifer-win program. The geophysical self-potential value is very sensitive to the groundwater level changes the correlation coefficient between each of them as in the wells (pw1, pw2, pw3 ) is 0.95,-0.83 and -0.86 respectively, It is a strong and inverse relationship. Transmissivity values for the wells PW1,PW2,PW3 ,PW4 were 12.32 m2 /day, 17.22 m2/day, 78.29 m2/d (10 m2/d) respectively and the hydraulic conductivity for the wells PW1, PW2, PW3, PW4 were 0.113 m/day, 0.21 m/day, 1.74 m/day, 0.25 m/day respectively the obtained hydraulic conductivity value was an approach to the hydraulic conductivity values obtained in the traditional methods. Therefore, the equation can be used in aquifers if it was in the same conditions as this basin. Therefore, the SP device can be considered a successful alternative to traditional measurement methods.
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Poznyakov, Vladimir P., Sergey E. Poddubnyy, and Pavel V. Poznyakov. "Personal determinants of economic self-determination of russian entrepreneurs." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 5, no. 122 (2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2021-5-122-159-165.
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The article presents the results of the empirical study of the value and meaning-of-life orientations of Russian entrepreneurs as factors of their economic self-determination. The object of the study was entrepreneurs of various spheres of small and medium-sized businesses living and doing business in Moscow and other regions of Central Russia (Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl) – a total of 120 people (i.e. 60 respondents in each sample). To diagnose the features of the value-semantic sphere of the personality of entrepreneurs, the following methods were used: the methodology «Questionnaire of values of Sh. Schwartz» in the adaptation of V. N. Karandashev and the Test «Life Orientations» by D. A. Leontiev. As meaningful characteristics of economic self-determination, the following were identified and analyzed: the level of business activity and its dynamics (according to the respondent's selfassessment) and psychological attitudes to entrepreneurship: assessments of the favorable economic conditions and their own capabilities in increasing the success of their business, assessments of the success of their entrepreneurial activity and satisfaction with its results. The results of the regression analysis showed that the assessments of the level of respondents' business activity and the dynamics of its change are statistically determined by the severity of the meaning-of-life orientation «Process of life» and the value orientation «Stimulation». The assessment of one's own capabilities in achieving the success of one's entrepreneurial activity is statistically determined by the severity of the meaning of life orientation – the «Locus of Self» and the high significance of the value of «Hedonism». The assessment of the success of one's entrepreneurial activity and satisfaction with its economic results depends on such a meaningful life orientation as the «Locus of life» and values – «Stimulation». Thus, the more an entrepreneur is satisfied with his life in the present, the more he perceives the process of his life as interesting, emotionally saturated and filled with meaning, the higher the entrepreneur's conviction in his ability to control his life, freedom in decision-making and their implementation, along with the desire for novelty and experiences, the more highly he appreciates the level of his business activity and the dynamics of its changes, the success of his entrepreneurial activity and satisfaction with its economic results. The results of the study confirm the validity of considering the meaning of life and value orientations of the individual as factors of economic self-determination of entrepreneurs.
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Fritschi, Cynthia, Min Jung Kim, Manassawee Srimoragot, Jeehye Jun, Lidia Emily Sanchez, and Lisa K. Sharp. "“Something Tells Me I Can’t Do That No More”: Experiences With Real-Time Glucose and Activity Monitoring Among Underserved Black Women With Type 2 Diabetes." Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care 48, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26350106221076042.
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Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore self-regulation skills with real-time activity and glucose monitoring among Black women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A small acceptability trial was conducted using technology (continuous glucose monitors and Fitbit) to facilitate core behaviors associated with self-regulation (self-monitoring/assessment, learning, mental contrasting [comparing current values with goal values], and goal setting/review). Participants were given continuous glucose monitors and Fitbit activity trackers for self-monitoring of blood glucose and activity. Two sessions of group diabetes education were also offered. Following the intervention, semistructured interviews and subsequent content analyses were conducted to explore how the women’s experiences reflected certain self-regulation behaviors. Results Eight underserved Black women with non-insulin-requiring T2DM were included (age = 68 ± 5.2 years; A1C = 6.6% ± 1.1%; 15.3 ± 7.2 years since diagnosis). Content analysis revealed themes that were consistent with core self-regulation behaviors: experiential learning through self-monitoring, mental contrasting, and impact on behavior (actual behavior change and motivation to change behavior). Conclusions With use of real-time glucose and activity monitoring, underserved Black women with T2DM described how they used the data from the devices to make choices about eating and activity behaviors.
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Al Omar, Muaed, Sanah Hasan, Subish Palaian, and Shrouq Mahameed. "The impact of a self-management educational program coordinated through WhatsApp on diabetes control." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1841.
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Background: Social media can effectively mediate digital health interventions and thus, overcome barriers associated with face-to-face interaction.
Objective: To assess the impact of patient-centered diabetes education program administered through WhatsApp on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, assess the correlation, if any, between health literacy and numeracy on intervention outcomes
Methods: During an ‘intervention phase’ spread over six months, target diabetic patients (N=109) received structured education through WhatsApp as per the American Association of Diabetes Educators Self-Care Behaviors recommendations. The control group with an equal number of participants received ‘usual care’ provided by health professionals void of the social media intervention. Changes in HbA1c levels were recorded thrice (at baseline, 3 and 6 months) for the test group and twice (baseline and 6 months) for the control group. Change in HbA1c values were compared and statistical significance was defined at p<0.05. Baseline health literacy and diabetes numeracy were assessed for both groups (N=218) using the Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD), and the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT), respectively, and values were correlated with HbA1c change p<0.05. Participants’ satisfaction with the intervention was also assessed.
Results: The average age of respondents was 41.98 (SD 15.05) years, with a diabetes history of 10.2 (SD 8.5) years. At baseline, the average HbA1c in the control and test groups were 8.4 (SD 1.06) and 8.5 (SD 1.29), respectively. After six months, a significant drop in HbA1c value was noticed in intervention group (7.7; SD 1.35; p= 0.001); with no significance in the control group (8.4; SD 1.32; p=0.032, paired t-test). Moreover, the reduction in HbA1c was more in the test group (0.7%) than the control group (0.1%) with a difference of 0.6% which is considered clinically significant. There was no significant correlation between LAD score and HbA1c at baseline (r=-0.203, p=0.064), 3 months (r=-0.123, p=0.266) and 6 months (r=-0.106, p= 0.337) Pearson correlation. A similar result was observed with DNT, where DNT score and HbA1c at baseline, 3 months and 6 months showed no correlation (r=0.112, 0.959 and 0.886; respectively) with HbA1c levels. Eighty percent of the respondents found the social media intervention ‘beneficial’ and suggested it be used long term.
Conclusions: Diabetes education via WhatsApp showed promising outcomes regardless of the level of patients’ health literacy or numeracy.
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Al Omar, Muaed, Sanah Hasan, Subish Palaian, and Shrouq Mahameed. "The impact of a self-management educational program coordinated through WhatsApp on diabetes control." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1841.
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Background: Social media can effectively mediate digital health interventions and thus, overcome barriers associated with face-to-face interaction.
Objective: To assess the impact of patient-centered diabetes education program administered through WhatsApp on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, assess the correlation, if any, between health literacy and numeracy on intervention outcomes
Methods: During an ‘intervention phase’ spread over six months, target diabetic patients (N=109) received structured education through WhatsApp as per the American Association of Diabetes Educators Self-Care Behaviors recommendations. The control group with an equal number of participants received ‘usual care’ provided by health professionals void of the social media intervention. Changes in HbA1c levels were recorded thrice (at baseline, 3 and 6 months) for the test group and twice (baseline and 6 months) for the control group. Change in HbA1c values were compared and statistical significance was defined at p<0.05. Baseline health literacy and diabetes numeracy were assessed for both groups (N=218) using the Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD), and the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT), respectively, and values were correlated with HbA1c change p<0.05. Participants’ satisfaction with the intervention was also assessed.
Results: The average age of respondents was 41.98 (SD 15.05) years, with a diabetes history of 10.2 (SD 8.5) years. At baseline, the average HbA1c in the control and test groups were 8.4 (SD 1.06) and 8.5 (SD 1.29), respectively. After six months, a significant drop in HbA1c value was noticed in intervention group (7.7; SD 1.35; p= 0.001); with no significance in the control group (8.4; SD 1.32; p=0.032, paired t-test). Moreover, the reduction in HbA1c was more in the test group (0.7%) than the control group (0.1%) with a difference of 0.6% which is considered clinically significant. There was no significant correlation between LAD score and HbA1c at baseline (r=-0.203, p=0.064), 3 months (r=-0.123, p=0.266) and 6 months (r=-0.106, p= 0.337) Pearson correlation. A similar result was observed with DNT, where DNT score and HbA1c at baseline, 3 months and 6 months showed no correlation (r=0.112, 0.959 and 0.886; respectively) with HbA1c levels. Eighty percent of the respondents found the social media intervention ‘beneficial’ and suggested it be used long term.
Conclusions: Diabetes education via WhatsApp showed promising outcomes regardless of the level of patients’ health literacy or numeracy.
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Bersezio, C., J. Martin, F. Peña, M. Rubio, J. Estay, R. Vernal, OB Oliveira Junior, and E. Fernández. "Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-133-c.
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SUMMARY Objective: This trial evaluates the impact of psychosocial and esthetic self-perceptions of patients undergoing nonvital tooth bleaching using the walking bleach technique. We also assessed the clinical effectiveness of bleaching tooth discoloration. Methods: Fifty volunteers with nonvital tooth discoloration were enrolled. Teeth were randomized into two groups: 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Intracoronal bleaching was performed over four sessions using the walking bleach technique. Tooth color was evaluated at each session to measure total color variation. The shade guide was arranged from highest (B1) to lowest (C4) values to assess the color and calculate the color change in the number of shade guide units. Subjective and objective assessments were compared with the tooth counterpart. Esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Color change was 15.48<5.17 for hydrogen peroxide and 14.02<4.85 for carbamide peroxide. There was no significant difference at any time point (p>0.05) except at sessions 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Overall, whitened teeth values were similar to those of counterpart teeth (p>0.05). There was a decrease in Oral Health Impact Profile and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics questionnaire scores after treatment compared with baseline (p<0.05). Conclusion: The walking bleach technique was highly effective on nonvital teeth and had a positive effect on self-esthetic perception and psychological impact for the patients.
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Jiménez-López, F. Rosa, Jesus Gil Roales-Nieto, Guillermo Vallejo Seco, and Juan Preciado. "Values in nursing students and professionals." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 1 (December 8, 2014): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014557135.
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Background: Many studies have explored personal values in nursing, but none has assessed whether the predictions made by the theory of intergenerational value change are true for the different generations of nursing professionals and students. This theory predicts a shift in those personal values held by younger generations towards ones focussed on self-expression. Research question: The purpose of the study was to identify intergenerational differences in personal values among nursing professionals and nursing students and to determine whether generational value profiles fit the predictions made by the theory. Research design: An exploratory comparative design with a cross-sectional survey method was used. Participants and research context: Participants were recruited from four public hospitals and 10 Primary Care Centres in medium-size cities in Spain. A sample of 589 nurses and 2295 nursing students participated in the study. An open survey method was used to collect data that were classified grouping reported values into categories following a method of value lexicon construction and analysed by contingency tables with Pearson’s χ2 and standardized residuals. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Deans of the nursing schools and the Directors of Nursing of the institutions. Anonymity was guaranteed, participation was voluntary and participants were informed of the purpose of the study. Findings: The results can be synthesized in two age-related trends in the reporting of values among three groups of participants. First, among younger nurses and students, some nursing core values (e.g. ethical and professional) decreased in importance, while other values centred on social relationships and personal well-being increased. Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows intergenerational change in personal values among both nursing students and young nursing professionals. Findings suggest the need to pay more attention to value training and professional socialization during the schooling period.
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Zhao, Fang, Fang Fu, and Bingqian Yang. "Social work value system in mainland China: Construction of a scale and value commitment assessment." International Social Work 61, no. 6 (January 12, 2017): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816682582.
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This study aims to develop a scale for measuring professional social work values with particular relevance to the Chinese context. The Chinese social work values scale consists of five dimensions, including basic rights, social responsibility and justice, self-determination, mutual care, and potential for change. The findings of this study indicate that the Chinese social work value system has minor differences in specific constructs and in the ranking order of value dimensions from Western models. Empirical evidence further demonstrates that fair recognition is given to each dimension by Chinese social workers, though generally with less commitment to social work values.
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Kosenkova, Natalya N., and Natalya V. Meshkova. "SELF-ESTEEM AND TYPES OF CREATIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS: RELATIONSHIP AND PREDICTORS." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 2 (2020): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2020.02.03.
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We present the results of an empirical study of the relationship between self-assessment of creative abilities, originality of creativity (verbal and social) and values. The relevance of the research is related to the demand for creativity as an important competence in the labor market. The ambiguity of the relationship between different types of creativity and self-assessment of creativity, as well as the discrepancy between the results of diagnostics of creative potential using various methods, actualizes the problem of realizing creative potential. The aim of the work was to study the relationship between different types of creativity, self-assessment of creativity and values, as well as to identify the ratio of creativity indicators diagnosed using the Real Word Divergent Task (RWDT) method and tasks for verbal creativity. The study involved adolescents aged 15–16 years (N = 50; 26 — men) — students of one of Moscow school. The following methods were used: “Selfassessment of creative abilities” (E. Tunik), tasks on verbal creativity and creativity in social interaction of positive and negative connotations of RWDT, Portrait value questionnaire of Sh. Schwartz. According to the results, originality is higher in tasks for verbal creativity compared to situations in social interaction; originality in situations of lies and prosocial situations in social interaction significantly correlate; there is no correlation between self-esteem of imagination and creativity indicators measured using the RWDT method and tasks for verbal creativity; self-esteem of creative abilities has a positive relationship with the highest value of “Openness to change”; the predictor of self-esteem of imagination is the value of “Independence of thought”. The results confirmed the hypotheses about specificity of creativity, about the absence of a link between creativity measured as self-report and objective methods; about the presence of a direct link between the highest values of “Openness to change” and the components of creativity measured by selfreport, and did not confirm assumption about the absence of a direct link between originality in prosocial situations and situations with negative connotations. Conclusions are made that 1) creativity is specific in various areas, 2) creativity in situations of lies and prosocial situations in social interaction is a single construct; 3) self-esteem of imagination is not associated with divergent thinking, measured using the RWDT method and tasks for verbal creativity; 4) high selfesteem of imagination is mediated by the motivational goal of thinking creatively, having original ideas, learning new things and phenomena.
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Garmonova, Anna V., Daria V. Shcheglova, Irina F. Iumanova, and Evgeniya A. Opfer. "Values of modern Russian students in the context of the transformation of the higher education system." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 12, no. 4 (2021): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2021.12.4.758.
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The article is dedicated to the assessment of the correlation between the values of self-expression and survival among modern Russian students. The relevance of this topic is determined by the need to understand how to change the higher education system so that it correlates with the values of modern students and applicants, meets their expectations and needs. The article examines two aspects of the transformation of higher education: the institutional limitations of the modernisation of higher education and the value orientations of modern Russian students. Value orientations were operationalised using the approach of R. Inglehart and K. Welzel, based on the dichotomy of values of self-expression and survival, and institutional conditions - through the reproduction by the higher education system of the institutional trap “path-dependence”, to overcome which "critical mass" of subjects with dominant values of self-expression is required. The main research question was whether Russian bachelors have developed values of self-expression. The empirical basis of the study was the data of a mass survey of Russian students of 19 universities within the framework of the project "The Birth of a Russian Master's Degree" with the support of the Vladimir Potanin Charitable Foundation. The research toolkit included a number of categories reflecting the meanings that students use when analysing the reasons for choosing a university, the direction of training and learning outcomes. One of these categories is the category of choice (of the university and field of study). The data obtained indicate that when answering the question about the reasons for choosing a university and the direction of study, there are, on average, two and a half times more students who chose the values of self-expression than those who are clearly focused on the values of survival. This suggests that, firstly, the importance of the values of emancipation (freedom of choice and development) in higher education is growing. Secondly, the potential for changes at the value level is accumulated in groups of students with different cultural capital - that is, we can talk about universal tendencies among the entire studied group. Thirdly, the choice of the direction of study turned out to be a more significant factor in the distribution of values than the choice of a university, that is, the motives for choosing a student are biased towards the content of their professional education in the first place, and the prestige of the university in the second place. Based on their analysis of the collected data, the authors come to the conclusion that modern Russian students are ready for meaningful changes in higher education. The only question is what answer to expect from the system.
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Dobricki, Martin. "Basic Human Values in the Swiss Population and in a Sample of Farmers." Swiss Journal of Psychology 70, no. 3 (January 2011): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000047.
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Basic human values were investigated in Swiss farmers. The main objective was to take a first step toward elucidating the structure and profile of basic human values in farmers. Data from the first three rounds (2002, 2004, 2006) of the European Social Survey were used. Value orientations were assessed with Shalom H. Schwartz’s 21-item Portrait Values Questionnaire ( 2003b ). The value orientations of the farmers (n = 125) were compared with those of the general Swiss population (n = 5,055) in terms of structure. In addition, the farmers’ scores in four higher-order value types were compared with those of the general population, managers of small enterprises (n = 103), and production and operations managers (n = 155). The structure of Schwartz’s four higher-order value types were replicated in the Swiss population as well as in the farmer sample. The farmers showed the highest score in conservation, followed by self-transcendence, self-enhancement, and lastly, openness to change. Their value profile differed from that of the general population and that of both groups of managers. According to the farmers’ value profile, recent agricultural policy strategies to promote farmers’ ecological behavior may not be structured and marketed in a manner which is in line with their basic values.
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Ferrandiz-Vindel, Isabel-Maria. "Students Self-Assessment: Other Way To Assess Competences At Higher Education." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 7, no. 5 (October 3, 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v7i5.6117.
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At the High Education European Frame (EEES), we propose the necessity to generate a change in assess procedures and not only at the designs or at the methodology proposals to favour the development of the specific and transversal competences of each degree.The objective of this work is to show how the student receives his/her learning process based on basic competences and how it can help him/her in the acquisition of the professional competences.It is, in that way, why we use the self-assessment as a clarifying process which facilitates the educational identity of the didactic intervention. It defines the student situation face to the learning and at the same time it shows the effectiveness the teachers action. Self-assessment can maybe be the best way to evaluate attitudinal contents so it causes self-reflection in the student to try to discover and identify the values which assume and the attitudes that are generated.
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MacDonald, Anna, Deonie Allen, and Elsa João. "A Pilot Assessment of a ‘Plastic Free Community’ Initiative, Respective Community Actions and Residents’ Behavior." Microplastics 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010004.
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The problems of plastic pollution are increasing and have been linked to sustainability efforts. Some communities have tried to tackle this issue by implementing ‘plastic free’ initiatives, such as the ‘Plastic Free Community’. Community initiatives foster change and encourage improved environmental outcomes; however, it is unclear if ‘plastic free’ initiatives have the capacity to ‘snowball’ into further sustainable behaviors or if they are a ‘distraction’ from more pressing environmental issues. This study presents the behavioral changes, snowball and distraction effects from the first Scottish mainland ‘plastic free community’ initiative. The pilot study of ‘Plastic Free Anstruther’ (Scotland) identifies self-transcending values and locus of control as important drivers for change, but adoption of single-use plastic alternatives and a ‘single use’ mindset resulted in a limited ‘snowball’ effect. Future ‘Plastic Free Community’ initiatives should focus on encouraging more circular approaches and individual behavior change to reduce waste and improve environmental outcomes. While the initiative resulted in greater awareness of wider environmental issues, additional incentives for individual and business pro-environmental behavior could further improve economic, social and environmental sustainability.
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Lu, Shengfu, Jiaming Kang, Jinyu Zhang, and Mi Li. "Assessment method of depressive disorder level based on graph attention network." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501039.
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This paper presents an approach to predict the depression self-rating scale of Patient Health Questions-9 (PHQ-9) values from pupil-diameter data based on the graph attention network (GAT). The pupil diameter signal was derived from the eye information collected synchronously while the subjects were viewing the virtual reality emotional scene, and then the scores of PHQ-9 depression self-rating scale were collected for depression level. The chebyshev distance based GAT (Chebyshev-GAT) was constructed by extracting pupil-diameter change rate, emotional bandwidth, information entropy and energy, and their statistical distribution. The results show that, the error (MAE and SMRE)of the prediction results using Chebyshev-GAT is smaller then the traditional regression prediction model.
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Briede, Liene, and Elga Drelinga. "Personal Sustainability and Sustainable Employability: Perspective of Vocational Education Students." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2020-0015.
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Abstract Sustainability is related to diverse relationships that exist in the world as well as to the attitudes evolving in a person’s diverse life activities, including education and work. In the sustainable employability model, there is a pedagogical idea of experience and self-identity and individual values revealing the level of personal sustainability. The present study explores vocational education students’ personal sustainability as a predictor to sustainable employability in the future. The study involved 151 vocational education students’ self-assessment of valuable (sustainable) personal characteristics, their attitude to being honest, helpful and responsible. The results have shown that the most valuable self-characteristics are being good tempered, helpful and kind. Students’ attitudes to being responsible and honest change during school years – 1st and 2nd year students do not consider them important values but senior students acknowledge them. It means that their lived experiences have promoted personal sustainability development ensuring more sustainable employability in the future.
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Hassan, Aiad, Hilmi Bin Mahmud, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Belal ALsubari, and Aziz Abdulla. "Effect of Magnesium Sulphate on Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/232371.
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The length change is negligible and can be attributed to the normal distension of concrete. On the other hand, concrete suffering from mass loss gives a good indicator about the durability of SCC. Permeability of concrete is an important factor in classifying its durability generally; concrete with low Permeability will afford better protection of the reinforcement within it than concrete with high Permeability. In this paper, the assessment of magnesium sulphate (MS) attack on concrete containing various ratios of the supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) was investigated for concrete containing FA, RHA, and GGBS with cement replacement levels of 15%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, based on the selected samples from the concrete to the statement of the effect of magnesium on some of the characteristics of concrete such as compressive strength, height, and weight compared with similar samples but under laboratory conditions dry and moist water treatment. Test results showed that the SCC content SCM appear to have higher strength values than those stored in water and air sample; the highest value of mass loss is recorded for the control mixture compared with concrete content SCM, and the change in length in curing concrete is much less relative to the change for concrete immersed in MS.
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Corder, Kirsten, André O. Werneck, Stephanie T. Jong, Erin Hoare, Helen Elizabeth Brown, Campbell Foubister, Paul O. Wilkinson, and Esther MF van Sluijs. "Pathways to Increasing Adolescent Physical Activity and Wellbeing: A Mediation Analysis of Intervention Components Designed Using a Participatory Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020390.
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We assessed which intervention components were associated with change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and wellbeing through proposed psychosocial mediators. Eight schools (n = 1319; 13–14 years) ran GoActive, where older mentors and in-class-peer-leaders encouraged classes to conduct two new activities/week; students gained points and rewards for activity. We assessed exposures: participant-perceived engagement with components (post-intervention): older mentorship, peer leadership, class sessions, competition, rewards, points entered online; potential mediators (change from baseline): social support, self-efficacy, group cohesion, friendship quality, self-esteem; and outcomes (change from baseline): accelerometer-assessed MVPA (min/day), wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh). Mediation was assessed using linear regression models stratified by gender (adjusted for age, ethnicity, language, school, BMI z-score, baseline values), assessing associations between (1) exposures and mediators, (2) exposures and outcomes (without mediators) and (3) exposure and mediator with outcome using bootstrap resampling. No evidence was found to support the use of these components to increase physical activity. Among boys, higher perceived teacher and mentor support were associated with improved wellbeing via various mediators. Among girls, higher perceived mentor support and perception of competition and rewards were positively associated with wellbeing via self-efficacy, self-esteem and social support. If implemented well, mentorship could increase wellbeing among adolescents. Teacher support and class-based activity sessions may be important for boys’ wellbeing, whereas rewards and competition warrant consideration among girls.
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Miller, Staci Renee, and Kris Chesky. "The Multidimensional Anxiety Theory: An Assessment of and Relationships Between Intensity and Direction of Cognitive Anxiety, Somatic Anxiety, and Self-confidence over Multiple Performance Requirements among College Music Majors." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2004.1003.
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This study applied the multidimensional anxiety theory to musicians by examining the intensity and direction of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence over multiple performance requirements among college music majors. This study assessed and compared teacher and student perceptions of the student’s performance anxiety and its subsequent impact on several studio lessons and jury performances. Seventy-one college musicians (39 females, 32 males) from the University of North Texas College of Music volunteered to participate in this study. Four different assessment tools were employed in this study: a demographic questionnaire, a modified version of the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 (CTAI-2), a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), and a subjective self-assessment of performance. The results showed that of the 71 subjects initially assessed, 59 subjects (83.1%) reported experiencing performance anxiety. This study supports the application of the multidimensional anxiety theory by highlighting the existence of two distinct, yet related dimensions of performance anxiety; how these dimensions change in response to changing stress levels associated with changing demands; and the probable interaction with levels of self-confidence. This study underscores the challenges associated with how teachers may or may not recognize the existence and subsequent impact of performance anxiety among college students. Additional studies are needed to determine what educational variables, including psychosocial values, are associated with the development and fluctuation of self-confidence. Further research designs should implement the CTAI-2 and the CSAI-2 for the assessment of competitive performance anxiety experienced by musicians associated with music performance.
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Позняков, В. П. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIFE AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION." Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, no. 1(21) (April 12, 2021): 150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2021.21.1.006.
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Представлены результаты теоретико-эмпирического исследования взаимосвязей смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности предпринимателей и показателей их экономического самоопределения. Результаты корреляционного анализа показали наличие множественных статистически значимых связей смысложизненных ориентаций предпринимателей с показателями их экономического самоопределения. Наибольшее число обнаружили шкалы «Процесс жизни или интерес и эмоциональная насыщенность жизни» и «Локус контроля - жизнь или управляемость жизни». Высокая значимость ценностей, объединенных Ш. Шварцем в блоки «открытость изменениям» (самостоятельность и стимуляция) и «самовозвышение» (власть и достижения), в сочетании с высокой значимостью ценности «гедонизм», которая, по Шварцу, составляет отдельный блок и включает элементы как открытости изменениям, так и самовозвышения, которые положительно коррелируют с показателями экономического самоопределения, характеризующимися позитивными оценками своей деловой активности и динамики ее изменения, отношения к конкуренции и риску, собственных возможностей в повышении успешности своего бизнеса и успешности своей предпринимательской деятельности. Результаты исследования подтверждают правомерность рассмотрения смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности в качестве факторов самоопределения предпринимателей. The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the interrelationships of the meaning-life and value orientations of the individual entrepreneurs and the indicators of their economic self-determination. The results of the correlation analysis showed the presence of multiple statistically significant relationships between the meaning-of-life orientations of entrepreneurs and indicators of their economic self-determination. The scales "Life process or interest and emotional saturation of life" and "Locus of control - life or manageability of life" found the greatest number of correlations with indicators of economic self-determination. The high importance values, the United Schwartz block "openness to change" (self-direction and stimulation) and "self-exaltation (power and achievement) combined with high significance values "hedonism", which, according to Schwartz, is a separate unit, and includes elements of both openness to change and self-exaltation, is positively correlated with indicators of economic self-determination, characterized by positive assessments of their business activity and the dynamics of its changes, the relationship of competition and risk, their own opportunities to increase the success of their business and the success of their business activities. The results of the study confirm the validity of considering the meaning of life and value orientations of the individual as factors of self-determination of entrepreneurs.
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Lim, Tze Joo, Richard Nii Okine, and Jonathan C. Kershaw. "Health- or Environment-Focused Text Messages as a Potential Strategy to Increase Plant-Based Eating among Young Adults: An Exploratory Study." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123147.
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Previous plant-based diet (PBD) adoption strategies have primarily focused on health rather than environmental rationale and meat reduction rather than plant-based protein promotion. In this study, we explored the effect of a theory-informed text-message intervention on dietary intentions and behaviors in young adult omnivores and the potential explanatory role of PBD beliefs, subjective norm, self-efficacy, moral norm, and health and environmental values. Participants completed baseline questionnaires and reported dietary intake before being randomly assigned to receive 2–3 health- or environment-focused text messages per week for eight weeks and then repeated baseline assessments. Although we did not see significant changes in meat or plant protein intake, we did observe a marked decrease in intentions to consume animal protein and a marginal increase in fruit and vegetable consumption intention. We identified subjective norms, self-efficacy, and moral satisfaction as the strongest predictors of changes in intention to consume animal or plant protein. Although few group differences were observed, those receiving environment-focused text messages experienced a greater change in values and were more likely to increase vegetable intake. Messages that improve sustainability awareness and provide practical adoption strategies may be part of an effective strategy to influence PBD intake among young adults.
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Kroufek, Roman, and Karel Nepraš. "Klimatické vzdělávání na prvním stupni: vztah žákovského sebehodnocení, environmentálních postojů, znalostí a proenvironmentálního chování." Studia Scientifica Facultatis Paedagogicae Universitas Catholica Ružomberok 21, no. 5 (2022): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/ssf.2022.21.5.125-137.
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This paper presents the results of a quantitatively designed pedagogical research conducted in the winter of 2021/2022 among students (n = 144) in the fifth grade of primary schools in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey investigated climate knowledge, environmental values and attitudes, and pro-environmental behaviour. The results showed significant differences in the dimensions of willingness to act and appreciation of nature, in which girls scored higher than boys. The self-assessment questions captured significant differences in climate change knowledge between children from different participating schools. The regression model showed a significant influence of the dimensions of nature appreciation and willingness to act on pro-environmental behaviour. Analysis of the self-assessment questions revealed a significant relationship between students’ self-assesed knowledge of and interest in nature and climate and the dimensions of appreciation of nature, willingness to act, and pro-environmental behaviour.
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Wilk, Paweł, Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak, and Joanna Gębala. "The river absorption capacity determination as a tool to evaluate state of surface water." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 1033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1033-2018.
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Abstract. In order to complete a thorough and systematic assessment of water quality, it is useful to measure the absorption capacity of a river. Absorption capacity is understood as a pollution load introduced into river water that will not cause permanent and irreversible changes in the aquatic ecosystem and will not cause a change in the classification of water quality in the river profile. In order to implement the method, the Macromodel DNS/SWAT basin for the Middle Warta pilot (central Poland) was used to simulate nutrient loads. This enabled detailed analysis of water quality in each water body and the assessment of the size of the absorption capacity parameter, which allows the determination of how much pollution can be added to the river without compromising its quality class. Positive values of the calculated absorption capacity parameter mean that it is assumed that the ecosystem is adjusted in such a way that it can eliminate pollution loads through a number of self-purification processes. Negative values indicate that the load limit has been exceeded, and too much pollution has been introduced into the ecosystem for it to be able to deal with through the processes of self-purification. Absorption capacity thus enables the connection of environmental standards of water quality and water quality management plans in order to meet these standards.
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Semenenko, Oleg, Maryna Sliusarenko, Tatyana Akinina, Roman Legkohod, and Oleksandr Paiuk. "ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF RELIABILITY OF COMBAT MEANS OF ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE FORCES WITH REQUIREMENTS TO MATHEMATICAL MODELS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 15 (September 30, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2021.15.144-151.
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The article presents a variant of the procedure for assessing the compliance of the mathematical model of the reliability of anti-aircraft missile warfare equipment with the requirements for mathematical models using the example of the Buk self-propelled fire launcher. Parameters affecting change of serviceability of self-propelled fire plant operation in conditions of combat situation are determined. The use of the Weibull distribution allows, by varying the parameter values, to increase the guarantee of the implemented self-propelled fire plant reliability indicators, stated in technical conditions, during its operation in the troops. If necessary, this model can also take into account factors that arise suddenly, for example, taking into account the staffing of the self-propelled fire plant of the anti-aircraft missile regiment to assess the possible (predicted) value of average daily losses, taking into account various measures to reduce the values of the predicted average daily losses. Values calculated using this model react markedly to changes in model parameters, are set within the specified restrictions. In addition, it is possible to determine the time between failures. The accuracy of the results of calculating certain quantities using the mathematical model was estimated by absolute and relative errors. The calculations indicate the relative simplicity of the mathematical model, because it uses simple mathematical methods. The ability to vary the parameters of scale and shape parameters (taking into account aging), the mathematical model of IED failure makes it possible to obtain individual (partial) results obtained using previously used similar models, which emphasizes the evolution of this model. The improved method of mathematical modeling quite adequately reflects the trouble-free operation of the anti-aircraft missile system "Buk" taking into account the conditions of hostilities and meets the requirements for mathematical models. Keywords: probability of failure-free operation, parameters of mathematical model, combat situation, absolute error, time between failures, average daily combat losses.
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Andreyeva, N. V. "Pedagogy of Effective Blended Learning." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 3 (2020): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090301.
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The work is aimed at presenting a model of effective blended learning pedagogy, its values, key factors of effective blended learning, as well as recommendations for teachers and trainers. A review of the literature in recent years is presented. The basic principles of effective blended learning: the student is at the center of the educational process, focus not only on knowledge, but also on competencies, personalization, personal responsibility for the results of their own activities. The results obtained make it possible to say that the effectiveness of blended learning is influenced by design from a goal and a flexibility, mastery based learning and differentiation, personalization, learning communities, active and interactive learning, a change in the assessment system, educational independence and self-regulated learning, self-efficacy and the use of diagnostic tests. There is evidence that the modern concept of blended learning includes a change in pedagogical approach, although in widespread use it continues to be a combination of online and face-to-face learning. It is noted that modern research is aimed at identifying parameters that affect the effectiveness of blended learning, such as self-regulation and self-efficacy of students, the use of differentiated teaching by teachers, formative assessment, active learning. Recommendations are given for teachers and methodists to improve the effectiveness of blended learning.
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Armencia, Adina Oana, Ramona Feier, Vlad Dănilă, Dana Gabriela Budală, Carina Balcoș, Dana Baciu, Marius Prelipceanu, and Dragoș Ionuț Vicoveanu. "Predictors of Oral Health Behaviors among Dental Students." Medicina 59, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010106.
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Background and Objectives: College life is a time when students take more responsibility for health-related behaviors. Aim: To determine the oral health behaviors of dental students, to motivate their transformation into cyanogenic behaviors by applying the planned behavior model, and to determine the degree to which students can modify behavior for oral health. Material and Methods: The results of the initial and final assessment (4 months apart) of the bacterial plaque present by means of the Quigley Hein and API indexes were collected from the student files. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II -HPLP II and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) questionnaires were used to determine the variables with predictor values that influence the cognitive-perceptual factors. Results: For the “health responsibility” domain, the average total value was 2.53 ± 0.9 (SD). For the “interpersonal relationships” domain, the average value was 2.82 ± 0.79. In the case of the “nutrition” domain, the desire to change the behavior of the participants was moderate (2.53 ± 1.19). “Physical activity” represents an important field in the everyday life of young adults. The results of the study indicated a moderate desire for change (2.52 ± 0.97). In the case of “spiritual growth”, in which self-esteem, the way the individual perceives the environment and the adaptation to it were evaluated, a great desire for change was observed (2.74 ± 0.82). Scale GSE questionnaire showed an α coefficient of 28.52 ± 0.82, a value that indicated a moderate to a high level of efficacy and self-confidence. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that students have a moderate tendency to change in all areas, except for interpersonal relationships, where the desire to change something is increased. The participants have a moderate to a high level of self-efficacy and self-confidence.
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Andreica, I., R. Jast, G. Rezniczek, U. Kiltz, D. Kiefer, B. Buehring, X. Baraliakos, and J. Braun. "AB0684 LESS THAN 20% OF PATIENTS WITH A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASE CHANGED THEIR IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE MEDICATION BECAUSE OF THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1375.1–1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2693.
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Background:The best treatment options of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) in the pandemic have not been completely clear, especially in the beginning of the lockdown. Whether and to which degree pandemic-related therapy changes have occurred, has not been studied in detail.Objectives:To study the behaviour of patients with CIRD initially facing the COVID 19 pandemic related to their disease status and medication.Methods:Patients with CIRD were contacted by telephone to assess their health status and ask for changes in medication. Standardized assessment tools were used to assess disease activity, depression and anxiety. High disease activity was assumed if RADAI-5 ≥ 3.2 and BASDAI ≥ 4. Anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) of patients were assessed using HADS. A score < 8 was taken as indication of no major problem in this regard.Results:A total of 886 patients was interviewed between April 15 and June 15 of 2020. Here we report on 550 patients with complete information on standard assessments (62%). About 60% were female, mean age 54.4±13.7, mean disease duration 12.2±10.5 years. Most had spondyloarthritis (SpA, n=287) including axial SpA (axSpA, n=172) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n=116), in total 52.2%, while 40.2% had rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=221), and 7.6% connective tissue diseases (CTD, n=42). Most RA patients were on methotrexate (48.8%), while 43.8% took glucocorticoids. In addition, 61.0% of patients were on bDMARDs, mostly on TNF inhibitors (59.6%). More SpA than RA patients were on bDMARDs: 71.0% vs 49.7% respectively. A recent change in medication was reported by 182 patients (33.1%): 89 with RA (40.2%), 88 with SpA (30.6%) and 5 with CTD (11.9%). Half of those who changed (n=92; 50.5%) admitted that the change was mainly made due to fear of the pandemic (16.7% of all patients). Altogether, significantly more patients changed bDMARDs (68.5%) than csDMARDs (57.3%). The data of patients who changed vs patients who didn’t change is shown in the Table 1, including subgroup analyses. The median HADS scores were < 8.Table 1.RA and SpA patients who changed and who did not change their medicationGroup (N) / ReasonNActive disease (%)HADS-D≥ 8 (%)HADS-A≥ 8 (%)bDMARD therapy (%)Rheumatoid arthritis221134 (60.6)76 (35.0) [4]94 (43.3) [4]110 (50.9) [5]Spondyloarthritis287130 (45.4)83 (29.5) [6]109 (38.8) [6]204 (72.6) [6] Pa (RA vs SpA)<0.0010.2280.354<0.001Patients did not change their medication Rheumatoid arthritis (%)132 (59.7)84 (63.6)46 (35.9) [4]58 (45.3) [4]62 (48.4) [4] Spondyloarthritis (%)199 (69.3)88 (44.2)58 (30.1) [6]69 (35.8) [6]137 (71.0) [6] P (RA vs SpA)0.031<0.0010.3580.101<0.001Patients changed their medication Rheumatoid arthritis89 (40.3)50 (56.2)30 (33.7)36 (40.4)48 (54.5) [1] P (vs no change)0.3310.8460.5670.457 Reason[9] Pandemic41 (51.3)15 (36.6)11 (26.8)14 (34.1)24 (60.0) [1] Inactive disease23 (28.8)12 (52.2)6 (26.1)10 (43.5)12 (52.2) Active disease b16 (20.0)14 (87.5)6 (37.5)7 (43.8)7 (43.8) P (reasons)0.0030.6870.6870.526 Spondyloarthritis88 (30.7)42 (47.7)25 (28.4)40 (45.5)67 (76.1) P (vs no change)0.6730.8890.1570.451 Reason[6] Pandemic50 (61.0)22 (44.0)13 (26.0)22 (44.0)42 (84.0) Inactive disease15 (18.3) 7 (46.7)4 (26.7)7 (46.7)10 (66.7) Active disease b17 (20.7)11 (64.7)6 (35.3)6 (35.3)11 (64.7) P (reasons)0.3310.7560.7740.156 P (RA vs SpA)0.0310.2940.9500.6030.004Data are presented as numbers (percentage proportions; across rows except for column N) or medians (interquartile ranges). Missing values are in square brackets.a P values calculated using χ2 test or Mann-Whitney rank sum test.b Self-reported claim of disease activity.Conclusion:Two thirds of patients did not change medication but one third changed. A relatively high number of patients did so due to fear of the pandemic, mostly those on biologics. There were no major differences between RA and SpA. Anxiety and depression do not seem to play an important role for the decision to change medication (Table 1 below).Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Othman, Irma Wani, Kamsilawati Kamlun, Wardatul Akmam Din, and Ameiruel Azwan Ab Aziz. "POSITIVE IMPACT OF SELF-ASSESSMENT FIRST YEAR EXPERIENCE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 48 (December 15, 2022): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.748008.
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The academic aspect plays a vital role as a 'transformative' element in bringing change into the life of each individual. One of the main goals of students continuing their studies abroad is to obtain a high-quality education. The first-year experience is considered an important phase involving self-assimilation, emotional change, cultural shock and social values that can influence the academic achievement of international students. The discussion of this paper elucidates the factors that contribute to the more meaningful first-year experience differences by comparing the process of self-assimilation and academic achievement of international students. In-depth interviews with 40 international students from four Malaysian public universities were conducted using a qualitative method approach that used objective sampling techniques. The findings lead to a self-reflection on the nature of international students, which is expressed through a narrative outpouring of emotions that describe the excitement, desire, and hope. The elements of transformation and self-assimilation of students in this study are interconnected with (i) the reputation of Malaysian public universities as a prestigious educational destination, (ii) the quality of a more comprehensive and 'versatile' higher education system, (iii) the flexibility and dynamics of the academic programs offered, and (iv) contemporary and ‘market driven' academic programs. The empirical data from this study is hoped to be useful information for the university's human resource management, which relies heavily on international student enrolment. This effort is in line with Malaysia's National Strategic Plan for Higher Education or PSPTN, which was created to transform the country into a global hub of higher education excellence.
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Davy, Brenda M., A. Hope Jahren, Valisa E. Hedrick, Wen You, and Jamie M. Zoellner. "Influence of an intervention targeting a reduction in sugary beverage intake on the δ13C sugar intake biomarker in a predominantly obese, health-disparate sample." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001439.
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AbstractObjectiveControversy exists surrounding the health effects of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes, primarily due to a reliance on self-reported dietary intake. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine if a 6-month intervention targeting reduced SSB intake would impact δ13C AS intake biomarker values.DesignA randomized controlled intervention trial. At baseline and at 6 months, participants underwent assessments of anthropometrics and dietary intake. Fasting fingerstick blood samples were obtained and analysed for δ13C value using natural abundance stable isotope MS. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlational analyses and multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis using an intention-to-treat approach.SettingRural Southwest Virginia, USA.SubjectsAdults aged ≥18 years who consumed ≥200 kcal SSB/d (≥837 kJ/d) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n 155) or a matched-contact group (n 146). Participants (mean age 42·1 (sd 13·4) years) were primarily female and overweight (21·5 %) or obese (57·0 %).ResultsA significant group by time difference in δ13C value was detected (P<0·001), with mean (sd) δ13C value decreasing in the intervention group (pre: −18·92 (0·65) ‰, post: −18·97 (0·65) ‰) and no change in the comparison group (pre: −18·94 (0·72) ‰, post: −18·92 (0·73) ‰). Significant group differences in weight and BMI change were also detected. Changes in biomarker δ13C values were consistent with changes in self-reported AS and SSB intakes.ConclusionsThe δ13C sugar intake biomarker assessed using fingerstick blood samples shows promise as an objective indicator of AS and SSB intakes which could be feasibly included in community-based research trials.
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Fudali-Czyż, Agnieszka, Piotr Janusz Mamcarz, Klaudia Martynowska, Ewa Domagała-Zyśk, and Andrew Rothwell. "Sex differences in self-perceived employability and self-motivated strategies for learning in Polish first-year students." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): e0264817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264817.
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Self-perceived employability (SPE) is defined as the ability to attain sustainable employment appropriate to one’s qualification level (Rothwell 2008) and perceived as a crucial factor in university graduates’ career development. Meanwhile, University students are mainly assessed through the lens of academic achievement, which depend, inter alia, on the self-motivated strategies for learning (MSL). Firstly, we tested hypothesised sex differences in SPE’s and MSL’s factors in a group of the first-year university students (n = 600) in a Central European context. Our analyses revealed that female students, despite their higher results in MSL’s factors (self-regulation, learning strategies, intrinsic values, self-efficacy) presented lower internal SPE than male students. Secondly, we explored how much general SPE can be predicted from general MSL, taking into account sex as a moderator, finding that sex factor was not significant as a moderator. We can consider general MSL as a good predictor of general SPE in both sex groups. The results will provide evidence to support HEI curricular development and strategies for workplace attitude change to address existing sex inequalities. In addition, our findings relating to MSL will provide evidence to support the development of approaches to enhancing student employability with additional long term benefits in mental health and well-being.
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Grotle, Margreth, Andrew M. Garratt, Hanne Krogstad Jenssen, and Britt Stuge. "Reliability and Construct Validity of Self-Report Questionnaires for Patients With Pelvic Girdle Pain." Physical Therapy 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110076.
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Background There is little evidence for the measurement properties of instruments commonly used for women with pelvic girdle pain. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of instruments used for women with pelvic girdle pain. Design This was a cross-sectional methodology study, including test-retest reliability assessment. Methods Women with pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy and after delivery participated in a postal survey that included the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Disability Rating Index (DRI), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and 8-item version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Test-retest reliability was assessed with a random subsample 1 week later. Internal consistency was assessed with the Cronbach alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Construct validity based on hypotheses was assessed by correlation analysis. Discriminant validity was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results All participants responded to the main (N=87) and test-retest (n=42) surveys. Cronbach alpha values ranged from .88 to .94, and ICCs ranged from .78 to .94. The MDC at the individual level constituted about 7% to 14% of total scores for the 8-item version of the SF-36, ODI, and PGQ activity subscale; about 18% to 22% for the DRI, PGQ symptom subscale, and PCS; and about 25% for the FABQ. Hypotheses were mostly confirmed by correlations between the instruments. The PGQ was the only instrument that significantly discriminated participants who were pregnant from participants who were not pregnant as well as pain locations. Limitations A comparison of responsiveness to change of the various instruments used in this study was not undertaken, but will be carried out in a future study. Conclusions Self-report instruments for assessing health showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity for women with pelvic girdle pain. The PGQ was the only instrument with satisfactory discriminant validity, thus, it is recommended for evaluating symptoms and disability in patients with pelvic girdle pain.
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Barceló, Joan. "National Personality Traits and Regime Type." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 2 (November 15, 2016): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116678324.
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Domestic theories of democratization emphasize the role of values, interests, and mobilization/opportunities as determinants of regime change. This article takes a step back and develops a model of national personality and democratization to ascertain the indirect effect of national personality traits on worldwide variation of regime type. In particular, I theorize that personality traits influence a country’s regime type by shaping citizens’ traditional and self-expression values, which, in turn, influence the establishment and consolidation of democratic institutions. Data from McCrae and Terracciano’s assessment of the five-factor model from 47 countries allow me to assess this hypothesis empirically. Results reveal that countries whose societies are high in Openness to experience tend to have more democratic institutions, even after adjusting for relevant confounders: economic inequalities, economic development, technological advancement, disease stress, climate demands, and methodological characteristics of the national sample. Although the effect of Extraversion on a country’s democratic institutions is also significantly positive, the inclusion of confounders weakens the reliability of this association. In an exploration of the mechanisms of these associations, a mediation analysis shows that the relationship between national Openness and democratic institutions is channeled through secular and especially self-expression national values. The same analysis with the effect of Extraversion on democracy indicates that the association between this trait and democracy is only channeled through national self-expression values but not national secular values. In short, this article constitutes a first step toward a more complete understanding of the cross-cultural psychological roots of political institutions.
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Curran, Michael T., Lindsey K. Lepley, and Riann M. Palmieri-Smith. "Continued Improvements in Quadriceps Strength and Biomechanical Symmetry of the Knee After Postoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: Is It Time to Reconsider the 6-Month Return-to-Activity Criteria?" Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-478-15.
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Context: Patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) present with strength and biomechanical deficits at return to activity (RTA). Deficits in strength and biomechanical symmetry impair function during activity and may predispose patients to subsequent injury.Objective: To compare strength and biomechanical function in patients with ACLR at RTA and more than 12 months post-ACLR.Design: Descriptive laboratory study.Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 20 participants (12 females, 8 males; age = 21.40 ± 5.60 years, height = 171.3 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 73.21 ± 19.41 kg) who had undergone ACLR and were cleared to RTA were recruited.Intervention(s): Strength was measured during knee extension and evaluated by the isometric and isokinetic quadriceps index. Biomechanical function was evaluated using symmetry values for sagittal-plane knee-joint rotations, changes in sagittal-plane knee-joint rotation, knee-extension moments, and changes in knee-extension moment that were recorded during a single-legged forward hop.Main Outcome Measure(s): Self-reported function was measured using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form. Participants were assessed at RTA (212.25 ± 28.11 days) and more than 12 months post-ACLR (556.25 ± 230.89 days).Results: At RTA, strength and biomechanical values were less than 80% symmetric. We observed improvements from RTA to more than 12 months post-ACLR for the isometric quadriceps index (F1,18 = 29.22, P < .001), isokinetic quadriceps index (F1,18 = 10.88, P = .004), sagittal-plane knee-joint rotations (F1,19 = 9.58, P = .006), change in sagittal-plane knee-joint rotations (F1,19 = 7.83, P = .01), knee-extension moments (F1,19 = 5.73, P = .03), change in knee-extension moments (F1,19 = 21.10, P < .001), and self-perceived function (F1,19 = 11.50, P = .003). Of the 7 variables that showed improvement at more than 12 months post-ACLR, only 3 met the recommended criteria (≥90%).Conclusions: Patients with ACLR showed asymmetry in strength and biomechanics at RTA. These asymmetries, along with self-perceived function, improved over time. However, despite improvements in strength and biomechanics at RTA, asymmetries of more than 10% were still present more than 12 months post-ACLR.
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Konkol, Marek, Maciej Bryl, Marek Fechner, Krzysztof Matuszewski, Paweł Śniatała, and Piotr Milecki. "Normal Lung Tissue CT Density Changes after Volumetric-Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT) for Lung Cancer." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030485.
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Radiation-induced lung injury remains a significant toxicity in thoracic radiotherapy. Because a precise diagnosis is difficult and commonly used assessment scales are unclear and subjective, there is a need to establish quantitative and sensitive grading methods. The lung tissue density change expressed in Hounsfield units (HUs) derived from CT scans seems a useful numeric surrogate. The study aimed to confirm a dose-response effect on HU value changes (ΔHU), their evolution in time, and the impact of selected clinical and demographic factors. We used dedicated, self-developed software to register and analyze 120 pairs of initial and follow-up CT scans of 47 lung cancer patients treated with dynamic arc radiotherapy. The differences in HU values between CT scans were calculated within discretized dose-bins limited by isodose lines. We have proved the dose-effect relationship, which is well described with a sigmoid model. We found the time evolution of HU changes to suit a typical clinical presentation of radiation-induced toxicity. Some clinical factors were found to correlate with ΔHU degree: planning target volume (PTV), V35 in the lung, patient’s age and a history of arterial hypertension, and initial lung ventilation intensity. Lung density change assessment turned out to be a sensitive and valuable method of grading post-RT lung toxicity.
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Bychkovskyi, Vladyslav Oleksiyovych, and Yuliia Yuriivna Reutska. "Methodology of information relevance assessment." Engineering and Educational Technologies 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2021.09.01.07.
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The paper considers a methodology that makes it possible to determine the relationship between useful, distracting and interfering information. The proposed methodology allows you to evaluate the relevance of information supplied to a specialist. The situation when a specialist, based on the information received, makes certain decisions and performs the assigned tasks is considered. The regularity of the change in the probability of performing these functions on the amount of information received and information capacity has been established. The regularity of the change in the probability of performing these functions on the amount of information received and information capacity has been established. It is shown that the equation of information dynamics is an information analogue of T. Malthus's population model. This makes it possible to use well-known methods of analysis and extend the results obtained to other mathematical models. The procedure for selecting models that take into account various restrictive effects is considered. The factor of self-limitation is taken into account. The transition to an informational analogue of the Quetelet-Verhulst population model is justified. The external limiting factor is considered in the context of the influence of distracting and disturbing information. A predictive model for determining the pattern of changes in information ability is proposed. This model takes into account the speed of information flow under ideal conditions and the destructive influence of distracting and interfering information. The procedure for using the model is reviewed. This procedure provides an introduction to the calculations additional variable to take into account the influence of distracting and interfering information. The regularity of the change in the additional value and its relationship with information capabilities have been determined. It allows you to go to the procedure for finding out the potential value of the relevance indicator. A relationship has been established to determine the relevance indicators, which make it possible to take into account the potential amount of useful, distracting and interfering information. The relationship between the current and established values of relevance indicators has been established. The classification of the effects of distracting and interfering information is carried out. Relevance characteristics for the prevailing equal and weak influence of interfering and distracting information compared to useful information are analyzed. Methodology of using the relevance characteristics is considered. The ratios that make it possible to quickly assess the relevance indicator at predetermined control points and to determine the time to reach the control values of the observed values are established. The situation that arises under very strong and very weak influences of distracting and interfering information is analyzed.
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Yasuda, Julie M., Chris Miller, Judith S. Currier, Donald N. Forthal, Carol A. Kemper, Gildon N. Beall, Jeremiah G. Tilles, Edmund V. Capparelli, J. Allen McCutchan, and Richard H. Haubrich. "The Correlation between Plasma Concentrations of Protease Inhibitors, Medication Adherence and Virological Outcome in HIV-Infected Patients." Antiviral Therapy 9, no. 5 (July 2004): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350400900508.
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Background Although adherence clearly influences response to antiretroviral therapy (ART), accurate assessment of adherence is problematic. The objective of this analysis was to assess the independent predictive value of protease inhibitor (PI) concentrations as a supplement to self-report as markers of medication adherence. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted from a prospective clinical trial designed to compare the outcomes of frequent versus infrequent HIV RNA measurement used to manage antiretroviral therapy. For 131 patients, self-reported medication adherence, HIV RNA levels, CD4 counts and PI concentrations (unannounced, random samples) were measured at baseline (when patients changed to a new regimen) and every 2 months thereafter. The change in HIV RNA from baseline to month 6 (area-based measure) was used to evaluate overall response. The proportion of measured PI concentrations below the detection limit was used as an alternative marker of adherence. An undetectable concentration would be expected after missing a single dose. Results The mean baseline CD4 count was 125 cells/mm3 and the mean HIV RNA level was 4.7 log10 copies/ml. The mean change in log10 HIV RNA was -0.73 copies/ml. The mean percentage of self-reported adherence was 91% (range: 15–100%) and the mean proportion of undetectable PI concentrations was 27% (range: 0–100%, mean 2.5 samples/patient). The correlation between the two measures was -0.23 ( P=0.009). In a multivariate model, percentage of visits with undetectable PI concentrations ( P=0.02), percentage of medication adherence ( P=0.02), baseline HIV RNA level ( P=0.005), prior PI use ( P=0.0004), prior lamivudine (3TC) use ( P=0.0009) and randomization to the frequent HIV RNA measurement group ( P<0.0001) were all related to change in HIV RNA. After accounting for adherence, patients who always had detectable PI concentrations had an average of 0.4 log10 additional HIV RNA reduction compared with those who had no detectable concentrations. Conclusions Repeated, random PI concentration values are independently predictive of virological response and may add to self-report of adherence in understanding the response to ART.
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Castle, Cameron, Andrew Gray, Shona Neehoff, and Paul Glue. "Effect of ketamine dose on self-rated dissociation in patients with treatment refractory anxiety disorders." Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, no. 10 (September 19, 2017): 1306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117725685.
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Patients receiving ketamine for refractory depression and anxiety report dissociative symptoms in the first 60 min post-dose. The most commonly used instrument to assess this is the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS), developed based on the assessment of patients with dissociative symptoms. Its psychometric properties for ketamine-induced dissociation have not been reported. We evaluated these from a study using 0.25–1 mg/kg ketamine and midazolam (as an active control) in 18 patients with treatment-resistant anxiety. Dissociation ratings were increased by ketamine in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, midazolam showed no effect on ratings of dissociation. For individual CADSS items, the magnitude of change and the ketamine dose at which changes were observed were not homogenous. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was high (0.937), with acceptable item-rest correlations for almost all individual items. Purposefully removing items to maximise alpha did not lead to meaningful improvements. Acceptable internal consistency was still observed after removing items which lacked evidence of responsiveness at lower doses. The high Cronbach alpha values identified in this study suggests that the CADSS is an internally consistent instrument for evaluating ketamine-induced dissociation in clinical trials in anxiety, although it does not capture symptoms such as thought disorder.
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Szczekala, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Kanadys, Krzysztof Wiktor, and Henryk Wiktor. "Significance of motivational interviewing in public health." Polish Journal of Public Health 128, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2018-0025.
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Abstract Motivational interviewing (MI) is a specific style of communication based on collaboration, aimed at achieving a goal and focused on change talk. This is conducted in an atmosphere of comprehension, acceptance and compassion, being intended to strengthen inner motivation and commitment to attain goals by the search for, and assessment of, the individual’s reasons for change. Change talk may refer to new behaviours, lifestyles or the introduction of treatment adherence. Therefore, it can be a part of health care provider – patient communication. The application of MI contributes to an increase in patients’ concordance and compliance as well as rightness of the therapy prescribed because it heightens an individual’s awareness and eagerness to change and triggers positive thinking, being focused on resources and values. The aim of this article is to familiarise the MI character and present some interesting examples characterised by a diversity of ideas in the overall vision of public health concentrated on health promotion. A non-systematic literature review of the years 2003-2018 on the use of MI in health promotion in PubMed provided evidence of great interest in MI in such contexts as body weight reduction, an increase in physical activity, or coping with risk behaviours e.g. addictions. The aforementioned problems are a major cause of non-communicable diseases. The application of MI results in health behaviour improvement along with increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, inner motivation and willingness to change habits.
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Nevsky, Egor V. "Analysis of Relationship between Commitment to Civic Engagement and Socio-Psychological Characteristics of Students." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2020-9-4-377-384.
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The purpose of the study presented in the article is to identify the relationship between commitment to civic engagement and socio-psychological characteristics of the individual. The study was carried out on a sample of young students (N = 110) aged 17 to 29 years (M = 23, SD = 3.98), 29% of men and 71% of women. The following methodological tools were used: a questionnaire aimed at fixing the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents; a questionnaire, including a scale of self-assessment of social activity and forms of its manifestation (R. M. Shamionov, I. V. Arendachuk, E. E. Bocharova, etc.); questions aimed at self-assessment of trust in the government institution in the possibility of realizing one’s own rights and freedoms; “Personal value questionnaire” by S. Schwartz (PVQ-R2) to study the expression of individual values. Presumably, there is a relationship between the severity of civil society and socio-political forms of activity, trust in institutional sources and values of openness to change. We discovered that the most preferred forms of social activity of young people are leisure, Internet network, spiritual and educational development. Young people are more likely to express confidence in their relatives or friends, and various Internet sources when exercising their rights and freedoms. We demonstrated that participation of young people in activities aimed at transforming society and expressing their own and collective civic position on issues of public life expands the possibilities of achieving personal professional, career and economic goals, as well as the realization of their cultural, national, religious interests, subject to the manifestation of trust in various governing institutions that implement the functions of ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person. Realization of civic activity is associated with desire for novelty and changes in society, on the one hand, the desire for change leads to generation of civic activity associated with transformation of society on the other hand. The value of “stimulation” is a predictor of civic activity. The study of this problem can be applied in work with young people in public municipal organizations, schools, institutes.