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Alenezi, Aishah, Amanda Kimpton, Karen Livesay, and Ian McGrath. "Health-related Quality of Life Among Patients With an Ostomy Regarding Sex, Disease Diagnosis, Health Care Provider, and Ostomy Type: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Wound Management & Prevention 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wmp.2022.10.2027.
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BACKGROUND: Ostomy surgery can negatively affect quality of life; however, the lived experiences of individuals with ostomies in Saudi Arabia are not well understood. PURPOSE: To examine how sex, ostomy type, disease diagnosis, and health care provider shape health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with ostomies in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on self-reported data of a convenience sample of 421 patients (239 male, 182 female) with ostomies (206 temporary, 211 permanent, 4 unknown) from 5 hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the City of Hope-Quality of Life-Ostomy Questionnaire (Arabic version) and analyzed by univariate and multiple regression analyses to identify predictors of physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and overall HRQOL. RESULTS: HRQOL scores correlated significantly with ostomy type (temporary vs permanent), sex, and health care provider. There were no significant differences in HRQOL scores by disease diagnosis (cancer vs non-cancer). CONCLUSION: Several potential predictors of HRQOL among patients with ostomies in Saudi Arabia were identified, which may assist in developing intervention strategies to improve patients’ HRQOL. Additional studies are needed to understand the specific barriers in each group.
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Alassaf, Abdullah, Basim Almulhim, Sara Ayid Alghamdi, and Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni. "Perceptions and Preventive Practices Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and Oral Health Care Perceptions during the Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080959.
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Aims: The study aimed to evaluate perceptions and preventive practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and oral health care perceptions during the lockdown in the Saudi Arabian population. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed by collecting the data from individuals belonging to various parts of the Saudi Arabian Population through an online self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire had two main parts: first comprised of demographic data include the region of residence, gender, nationality, age, the number of family members, monthly income of the family, and the second was further divided into three sections of perception (P), practice (PRA) and oral health care practice (D) questions. All these (P, PRA, and D) were analyzed by comparing all of the demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS IBM (version 21.0), and statistical significance was set at a 5% level. Results: Overall, 2013 participants (54% males and 46% females) contributed to the Saudi Arabia study. Only 5% of non-Saudis live in Saudi Arabia were participated in the study, while the majority of participants were of 21–40 years age group (45%), 59% of having more than five family members, and 60% of them had ≤10 K Suadi riyal monthly income respectively. The majority of the participants were from Riyadh (33.7%) and Asir (25.1%) in the study. Overall, 89.5% of the participants were aware of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The majority of the participants (55%) from Saudi Arabia utilized the Ministry of Health website, a source of information regarding COVID-19. However, 56.5% of the participants had COVID-19 related perception, and 74.3% followed an appropriate preventive practice. Approximately 60% had good oral health practice. The study participants showed mixed opinions on perceptions regarding COVID-19, preventive practice, and oral health practices. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the Saudi Arabian population has good attention to COVID-19, but preventive practice and oral health perception need better awareness to control this novel virus spread. The Ministry of Health website utilized as a significant source of information among the Saudi Arabian population regarding COVID-19.
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Alotaibi, Obaid Ghazi, and Abdulaziz Khalaf Alanazi. "Evaluating the Extent of Language Barriers Among Health Professionals in the Saudi Arabian Health System." Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20220716.
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This paper evaluates the cause, extent, and effects of language and cultural barriers within the Saudi Arabia healthcare system that have an indirect or direct effect on both the patient's perceived quality of care and the actual quality of care delivered. A systematic search of different databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and ScinceDirect.) was conducted. Using the following search terms language barrier’ AND ‘health’ AND ‘Saudi Arabia’. Additionally, the search terms ‘safety’ AND ‘quality’. The findings illustrate that the Saudi Arabian healthcare system is subject to significant impacts due to poor communication as a result of evident language barriers. Accordingly, it is proposed that individual level and an overall strategy for enhancing language and communication in healthcare across the Kingdom are implemented, including both technological solutions and organisational and human resource-based solutions. A proposed timeline for implementing these various strategies has been provided. Keywords: language barriers, Saudi Arabia healthcare system, language and communication in healthcare
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Bugis, Bussma A. "Patients Self-Reporting of Utilizing Teledental Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Patient Experience 9 (January 2022): 237437352211122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735221112209.
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Introduction: Currently, the majority of health facilities in Saudi Arabia are supplemented with the required technological infrastructure to support different formats of telehealth. There is limited evidence on the actual utilization of teledentistry among dental patients during COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the utilization of teledentistry services during the pandemic among dental care seekers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study through an online self-administered survey released publicly. The survey was available during March, April, and May 2021. The targeted population was dental care seekers who used any teledental services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Results: There were 235 responses available for analysis. Among the 235 responses, 91.91% did not use any teledental services during COVID-19, while 8.09% utilized different teledental services during COVID-19. Participants who utilized teledental services during COVID-19, used the following services: dental diagnosis, dental consultations, monitoring and follow-ups of previous dental treatments, routine dental check-ups, and finally, triaging dental cases as emergency or nonemergency cases. Discussion: Saudi Arabia has a strong technological infrastructure with a highly ranked healthcare system. However, teledental services were weakly utilized by dental care seekers during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
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Frolova, Elena Vladimirovna. "Healthcare in Saudi Arabia." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 10 (August 12, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2110-09.
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Saudi Arabia is a large state located on the Arabian Peninsula; this country is considered the birthplace of Islam. The population of Saudi Arabia is approaching 35 million. About 7% of GDP is allocated annually for the maintenance of the healthcare system, while about 1,500 US dollars is spent on medical care for each resident of the country (according to this indicator, the country ranks 41st in the world). The share of private spending on health care is 37.6%. The average life expectancy in Saudi Arabia was 74.4 years in 2019. According to Healthcare Index 2021, the assessment of the effectiveness of the healthcare system, Saudi Arabia was ranked 54th out of 93 countries, while gaining 60.7 points out of 100 possible. A feature of this country is the fact that it is here that the largest annual mass event in the world is held - the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, which puts a very serious burden on the healthcare system.
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Alkhormi, Abdulrhman H., Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Wali A. Hakami, Doha H. Alattas, Hassan Q. Alhafaf, Leena E. Kardly, and Mulook A. Mashhoor. "Psychological Health and Diabetes Self-Management among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia." Medicina 58, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050675.
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Background and objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is high and rising steeply. However, the management of type 2 diabetic patients has largely employed a medical approach and ignored the self-care management approach. This observation has even been obscured further by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the psychological health of these patients. This study aimed to understand the effects of psychological health and DSM on type 2 diabetic patients in the Jazan region during COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was employed in this study. Participants were type 2 diabetic patients from the diabetic center at Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic-translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Depression and anxiety were higher in females compared to males and were more reported by participants from urban compared to rural settings. Smoking and Khat chewing were inappropriate diabetic self-care management practices while exercising was appropriate. A negative correlation was observed between depression vs. health care utilization, and depression vs. diabetic self-care management. Anxiety results also showed similar findings to that of depression. Additionally, depression and anxiety were easily predicted by urban residence, and diabetic self-care management was predicted by exercise. Conclusions: Adequate self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes is needed. Medical professionals should ensure improved efforts to accurately ascertain how an individual can implement the recommended lifestyle changes and facilitate self-care education.
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Albagawi, Bander S., and Linda K. Jones. "Quantitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to nurse-patient communication in Saudia Arabia." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n1p16.
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Nurses with effective communication skills play a critical role in minimising the stress associated with hospitalisation for both patients and their families. Effective communication has become increasingly reported as a key component in effective health care outcomes, which is even more crucial in countries such as Saudi Arabia with a large foreign healthcare workforce. The presence of a large expatriate workforce with a different language from the host society and the ensuing complexity of sociocultural linguistic and heath beliefs systems has been poorly researched. This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators of nurse-patient communication in Saudi Arabia using the Nurses’ Self-Administered Communication Survey. The survey was distributed to a random sample of 291 nurses working in medical and surgical departments at five hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that the Philippine and Saudi Arabian nurses perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal/social characteristics, job specifications and environmental factors then nurses of other nationalities. In addition, nurses with shorter experience in Saudi Arabia perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to the clinical situation of patient and environmental factors than the nurses with longer experience. Lastly, nurses who had not attended specialist courses on communication skills acquisition perceived greater barriers to communication with respect to personal characteristics and job specifications than nurses who had attended such courses. This study highlights the need to better prepare expatriate nurses before they enter the workforce in Saudi Arabia on cultural competence and language skills.
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Al-Khadra, Basil H. "Dental Health and Health Care in Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 9, no. 6 (November 1989): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1989.592.
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Al-Swailem, Abdul-Rahman F. "Assessing Health Care Delivery in Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1990.63.
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Aldossary, A., A. While, and L. Barriball. "Health care and nursing in Saudi Arabia." International Nursing Review 55, no. 1 (March 2008): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00596.x.
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Koshak, E. A., and R. Z. Tawfeeq. "Tuberculin reactivity among health care workers at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 5-6 (March 31, 2003): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.1034.
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Tuberculosis is both a nosocomial and an occupational infection. The prevalence of positive tuberculin skin reactions at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, was investigated by testing 298 health care workers. Conventional tuberculin skin testing was performed using 0.1 mL of purified protein derivative injected intracutaneously. After 48-72 hours, induration size was recorded. The prevalence of positive tests [induration > / = 10 mm] was 78.9% overall, 60.0% for Saudi Arabians compared with 81.8% for non-Saudi Arabians [P < 0.01]. The mean response size [8.9 +/- 7 mm] for Saudis was also significantly lower than for non-Saudis [13.9 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001]. To enhance the protection of both health care workers and hospitalized patients, effective preventive measures and annual tuberculin testing of health care workers should be considered
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AlHadi, Ahmad N., Khawla A. Alammari, Lojain J. Alsiwat, Nojood E. Alhaidri, Nouf H. Alabdulkarim, Nouf A. Altwaijri, and Shamma A. AlSohaili. "Perception of Mental Health Care Professionals in Saudi Arabia on Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Observational Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e26294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26294.
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Background Mental health disorders are common in Saudi Arabia with a 34% lifetime prevalence. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of psychotherapy, is an evidence-based intervention for the majority of mental disorders. Although the demand for CBT is increasing, unfortunately, there are few therapists available to meet this demand and the therapy is expensive. Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) is a new modality that can help fill this gap. Objective We aimed to measure the knowledge of cCBT among mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate their attitudes and preferences toward cCBT. Methods This quantitative observational cross-sectional study used a convenience sample, selecting mental health care professionals working in the tertiary hospitals of Saudi Arabia. The participants received a self-administered electronic questionnaire through data collectors measuring their demographics, knowledge, and attitudes about cCBT, and their beliefs about the efficacy of using computers in therapy. Results Among the 121 participating mental health care professionals, the mean age was 36.55 years and 60.3% were women. Most of the participants expressed uncertainty and demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding cCBT. However, the majority of participants indicated a positive attitude toward using computers in therapy. Participants agreed with the principles of cCBT, believed in its efficacy, and were generally confident in using computers. Among the notable results, participants having a clinical license and with cCBT experience had more knowledge of cCBT. The overall attitude toward cCBT was not affected by demographic or work-related factors. Conclusions Mental health care professionals in Saudi Arabia need more education and training regarding cCBT; however, their attitude toward its use and their comfort in using computers in general show great promise. Further research is needed to assess the acceptance of cCBT by patients in Saudi Arabia, in addition to clinical trials measuring its effectiveness in the Saudi population.
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Al Rowais, N., T. Khoja, and N. Al Nahedh. "Primary health care physicians’ views on periodic health evaluation in Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 2-3 (June 15, 2000): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.2-3.447.
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The attitude and beliefs of primary health care physicians regarding periodic health evaluation is critical to determining the most effective and acceptable means for delivering recommended clinical preventive services. We aimed to evaluate the views of primary health care physicians in Saudi Arabia on periodic health evaluation. A self-administered and pre-tested questionnaire was sent to 1235 physicians randomly selected throughout the country. About 90% of the physicians would recommend periodic health evaluations to all or some clients while 10% would not. Almost all [95%] of the physicians were aware of the benefits and costs of periodic health examinations, and were willing to carry it out. Their enthusiasm for performing many items during examinations should be encouraged
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Hazazi, Ahmed, and Andrew Wilson. "Improving Management of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases in Primary Healthcare Centres in The Saudi Health Care System." Health Services Insights 15 (January 2022): 117863292210886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329221088694.
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Evaluation of patient perceptions of quality and adequacy of care is a critical component of continuous improvement in chronic disease care. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) assess their routine care in primary care centres in Saudi Arabia and to identify areas for improvement. This cross-sectional study used the PACIC questionnaire to assess the quality of care received by these patients in primary care centres in Saudi Arabia. Data collection took place between May 2019 and July 2019. The questionnaire was self-completed anonymously by 315 patients with NCD attending primary health care centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the average overall PACIC score was 2.97 (SD = 0.65), the mean scores for the subscales ranged from 2.76 (SD = 0.78) for the subscale of goal settings/tailoring to 3.17 (SD = 0.78) for delivery system design/decision support. PACIC scores varied significantly with age, occupation, monthly income, type and duration of chronic illness and educational attainment. In conclusion, patients with NCDs prioritised improvements in organised care that; is comprehensive, focussed on their needs, helps them identify clear goals for their treatments and become more involved in their condition(s) management.
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Al-Nimr, Yumn M., Ghada Farhat, and Ali Alwadey. "Factors Affecting Smoking Initiation and Cessation Among Saudi Women Attending Smoking Cessation Clinics." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.01.014.
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Objectives: Smoking is one of the most adaptable risk behaviours associated with increased mortality rates, yet over one billion individuals worldwide are smokers. This study aimed to examine self-reported reasons for starting and quitting smoking among women attending smoking cessation clinics in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between January 2014 and January 2017 in Saudi Arabia using previously collected data. A survey was distributed to 3,000 female smokers attending smoking cessation programmes in 18 clinics from different regions in Saudi Arabia to determine self-reported reasons for smoking initiation and willingness/unwillingness to quit. Results: A total of 2,190 women participated in the study (response rate = 73%). Overall, the most common reason for starting to smoke was friends (31.1%), while the predominant reason for willingness to quit was health concerns (45.5%). The most frequent reason for being unwilling to quit smoking was a fear of mood changes (28%). Conclusion: Most Saudi women are socially-driven to start smoking, while the most common reason for quitting is health concerns. The latter finding is promising in that it shows that smokers are gaining awareness of the adverse effects of smoking.Keywords: Tobacco Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Health Risk Behaviors; Lifestyle Risk Reduction; Primary Health Care; Saudi Arabia.
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Abdullah, Rana, and Bahjat Fakieh. "Health Care Employees’ Perceptions of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Applications: Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): e17620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17620.
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Background The advancement of health care information technology and the emergence of artificial intelligence has yielded tools to improve the quality of various health care processes. Few studies have investigated employee perceptions of artificial intelligence implementation in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian world. In addition, limited studies investigated the effect of employee knowledge and job title on the perception of artificial intelligence implementation in the workplace. Objective The aim of this study was to explore health care employee perceptions and attitudes toward the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in health care institutions in Saudi Arabia. Methods An online questionnaire was published, and responses were collected from 250 employees, including doctors, nurses, and technicians at 4 of the largest hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results The results of this study showed that 3.11 of 4 respondents feared artificial intelligence would replace employees and had a general lack of knowledge regarding artificial intelligence. In addition, most respondents were unaware of the advantages and most common challenges to artificial intelligence applications in the health sector, indicating a need for training. The results also showed that technicians were the most frequently impacted by artificial intelligence applications due to the nature of their jobs, which do not require much direct human interaction. Conclusions The Saudi health care sector presents an advantageous market potential that should be attractive to researchers and developers of artificial intelligence solutions.
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Hallila, Liisa Elina, and Jehad Omar Al-Halabi. "Saudi female university employee self-determination in their own health-related issues." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 8, no. 8 (March 19, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p12.
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Introduction: To date, there have been no studies located investigating Saudi women's self-determination in their own health-related issues. This study aims to investigate how women in Saudi Arabia see their ability and willingness to decision making in this matter.Methodology: The study design is ethnonursing and Leininger’s Sunrise model was utilized as background theory; qualitative data analysis method was used. 12 Saudi women worked at a large University in Saudi Arabia were interviewed in-depth.Results and discussion: Seven universal Saudi Arabian cultural themes were identified: customs and traditions, women’s decision-making denied, shared decision-making, informed women and empowerment rise, financial status matters, emerging changes in the society, and impact from the Western world.Conclusions: One of the major findings in the interviews was that all research participants observed themselves as more independent and empowered than in the accounts reflecting other women they knew. They saw other women, whom they met at the hospital or who were their friends or relatives, were without equal rights for independent decision making. Mainly, men are interested in reproductive health and are willing to dominate women’s independent decision making in healthcare. The main conclusion, according to this study, the Saudi women research participants who are educated, are more independent in their health-related decision making than the previous literature suggested. The result may be different in villages and among less educated women and their husbands.
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Rahman, Redwanur. "The Privatization of Health Care System in Saudi Arabia." Health Services Insights 13 (January 2020): 117863292093449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632920934497.
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Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 highlights the development of the health care sector through privatization. This study examines the factors that prompted the privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia. This is a scoping review based on an extensive review of both published and unpublished documents. We have accessed different search engines and databases to collect various research publications, journal articles, government reports, policy and planning documents, and relevant press reports/articles. While privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia has experienced an upward trend, the public health care sector remains vital to bring in overall improvements in the health of all sections of Saudi Arabia’s population. Keeping this in view, the government must strengthen its public health care sector to ensure affordable, accessible, and high-quality health care for all. This manuscript focuses on the policy aspect of the privatization of health care and is based on secondary research material. Increased privatization leads to rising expenses in health care, while adversely affecting equity and accountability in the provision of its services. Although this study is an independent analysis of Saudi Arabia’s health care system, lessons learned from this context could be used widely for policy-making in other countries with similar socioeconomic settings.
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Mahfouz, Ahmed A., Abdullah S. Shatoor, Badr R. Al-Ghamdi, Mervat A. Hassanein, Shamsun Nahar, Aesha Farheen, Inasse I. Gaballah, Amani Mohamed, and Faten M. Rabie. "Tobacco Use among Health Care Workers in Southwestern Saudi Arabia." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/960292.
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The present study targeted health care workers (HCWs) in Governmental Hospitals and Primary Health Care Centers in Abha City, southwestern Saudi Arabia. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was used to assess tobacco use and the reasons for smoking. The present study included 736 HCWs. The overall prevalence of tobacco use amounted to 26.3% (14.8% current and 11.5% former users). In a binary logistic regression analysis, males were found significantly more prone to smoke compared to females (aOR = 3.081, 95% CI: 2.004–4.739). Similarly, parental history of tobacco use was found to be a significant risk factor (aOR = 1.540, 95% CI: 1.040–2.278). Among current users, 89.9% were interested in quitting and 66.1% tried before to quit. The prevalence of smoking among HCWs in the present study, besides being a public health problem, represents a potential barrier in involving this group as a first line for tobacco control. There is a need for a national intervention programme in the country in a tailored manner for HCWs to control tobacco use parallel to the running national program for public. These interventions should begin early in basic medical education and to be applied continually during one’s medical career.
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Albasry, Zainab, Bayan Alhaddad, Mashael Abdullah Benrashed, Asim Al-Ansari, and Muhammad Ashraf Nazir. "A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dental Care Utilization Among Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (December 10, 2019): 4131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.870.
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BACKGROUND: Oral and systemic problems are common among pregnant women. Routine dental visits are important for the maintenance of optimal oral health which is linked with systemic health.
AIM: To evaluate dental care utilization and related factors among pregnant women in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals and healthcare centers in the cities of Khobar, Dammam, and Qatif in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A piloted tested self-administered questionnaire available in Arabic and English languages was distributed among a calculated sample of 341 pregnant women. Pearson's chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: In the study, 270 questionnaires were analyzed giving a response rate of 79.2%. Mean age of the participants was 29 ± 5.9 years. There were 43.7% pregnant women who received dental treatment when they have a dental problem and only 13.7% performed routine dental visit. Half the sample (52.6%) avoided dental visits during pregnancy and dental treatment being unsafe was the most common reason for avoiding dental visits. After adjustment, routine dental visits during pregnancy were 7.38 times higher among Saudis compared with non-Saudis women (p 0.05). The participants who had a negative perception about the safety of dental treatment had significantly lower odds (OR 0.31, p 0.036) of dental attendance for routine dental visits.
CONCLUSION: Routine dental visits were low among pregnant women and many visited dentists when they had a dental problem. Negative perception about the safety of dental treatment was associated with reduced regular dental visits during pregnancy. Pregnant women should be educated about the importance of receiving dental care for the maintenance of optimal oral health.
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Al Buhairan, Fadia. "Health Care Providers' Opinions of Adolescent Health Care in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Adolescent Health 46, no. 2 (February 2010): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.026.
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Becker, Susan, Khalid Al Zaid, and Eiad Al Faris. "Screening for Somatization and Depression in Saudi Arabia: A Validation Study of the Phq in Primary Care." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32, no. 3 (September 2002): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xtdd-8l18-p9e0-jyrv.
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Objectives: Somatization, the tendency to seek treatment for medically unexplained physical symptoms, is an important issue in primary care practice. This study examines the somatoform, depression, and anxiety modules of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), a screening instrument for the identification of somatoform and other mental disorders. We also utilized the PHQ to measure the prevalence of somatization and co-morbid depression in Saudi Arabian primary care patients. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 431 male and female Saudi Arabian primary care patients with a two stage design for purposes of validation of the somatoform, depression and anxiety modules of the PHQ. The self administered Patient Health Questionnaire was given to 431 primary care patients and, of this group, the first, consecutive 173 patients (40 percent) were interviewed by mental health professionals using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-R) as the criterion standard for validation of the PHQ in the Saudi population. The PHQ was then used to measure the prevalence of somatization and depression in the remaining 258 patients. Results: The somatoform and depression modules of the PHQ were found to be valid in a Saudi population using the criterion standard of SCID based psychiatric interviews. Agreement between the PHQ and psychiatric interviews was (κ = .65) for both somatoform disorders and depression but the anxiety module was weak in terms of sensitivity (.37) and agreement with the criterion standard (k = .37). Clinically significant rates of somatization (19.3 percent) and depression (20 percent) were identified in this population. Conclusions: The prevalence of somatization and co-morbid depression in a primary care population in Saudi Arabia is similar to published rates in the U.S. and worldwide. It is possible to screen primary care patients for mental disorders in international settings and the PHQ is a valid instrument for that purpose.
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Ibrahim, Mohammad A., and Mohammad NS Kordy. "End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (July 1992): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959200600304.
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Information was collected on patients with End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) receiving maintenance dialysis in all of the dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. Similar information was also collected from the Saudi Arabian government-sponsored patients with ESRD in the United States between December 1985 to March 1986. As of March 31, 1986, 806 Saudi patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and 16 on peritoneal dialysis in hospital-based dialysis facilities in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rate of ESRD was 139/million at the completion of the study. The rates increased with age and were similar when compared on a regional basis, but were higher in the rural areas for both sexes in all regions except the Southern Region. Here, the prevalence rates for the female urban residents were higher than for female rural residents. Although primary health care services are available in rural areas, a delay was noted in seeking medical care. This was attributed to the possible lack of health education, knowledge of the disease and information on the availability of the health services. Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that a need exists for further research in all aspects to delineate the role of the various factors that affect ESRD in Saudi Arabia, with the universal goal of preventing development of the disease in the population.
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Almalki, M., G. Fitzgerald, and M. Clark. "Health care system in Saudi Arabia: an overview." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2011.17.10.784.
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El-Bushra, El-Sayed. "Health care pattern and planning in Saudi Arabia." GeoJournal 18, no. 4 (June 1989): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00772690.
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Zahrani, Ahmad Al, and Md Nazmul Haq Sikder. "Maturity of Clinical Audit Concept in Saudi Arabian Health Care Practice: A Review." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i09.004.
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Based on 2030 vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), improving the quality of preventive and therapeutic health care services is one of the targets that set out by the National Transformation Program (NTP). Clinical Audit (CA) is one of the great tools of quality improvement worldwide. Although a CA program was initiated just a while ago in Saudi Arabia, in this short duration the maturity of this practice in this country is evident in various documentations. However, it is still a long path to go in this practice as many health professionals are not yet mindful about the positive implications and benefits of this concept. In this consideration, this article was attempted to highlight the concepts, broad principles of and the mandatory stages in implementing CA practice to a success. Apart from that the leadership role in materializing CA, the barriers to its success, as well as, the pattern of CA practice in Saudi Arabian health care system in achieving its maturity have also been outlined.
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Alhumaid, Majed M. "Physical Education Teachers’ Self-Efficacy toward Including Students with Autism in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413197.
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The inclusion of students with autism in physical education (PE) curricula has become a global trend. Although the self-efficacy of PE teachers has been identified as a major factor supporting the successful implementation of inclusive PE, limited research exists on this area in non-Western societies, especially Saudi Arabia. To address this paucity, the present study aimed (1) to determine the level of self-efficacy among PE teachers in Saudi Arabia toward including students with autism in PE classes via investigating specific independent variables; and (2) to identify the predictors of Saudi PE teachers’ self-efficacy toward including students with autism. A total of 214 Saudi PE teachers (male n = 188; female n = 26; mean age = 41.07 years) participated in this study. Self-efficacy level toward including students with autism was measured using the Arabic version of the Physical Educators’ Self-Efficacy Towards Including Students with Disabilities-Autism (PESEISD-A) instrument. Statistical analysis revealed that PE teachers had a moderate level (M = 4.51, SD = 2.04) of self-efficacy toward including students with autism in PE classes. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age and feelings of preparedness of the teachers were significant predictors (β = −0.297; p = 0.012; β = 0.178; p = 0.012, respectively) of their self-efficacy toward including students with autism in PE classes. The findings highlight the need for continued efforts to improve Saudi PE teachers’ level of self-efficacy and preparedness towards successfully including students with autism.
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Al Kathiry, Dalal Abdulaziz, Fatima Al Slail, Khaled Al-Surimi, and Raghib Abusaris. "The Impact of Financial Incentives on Behavior and Self-Management of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: Pre- and Post-Quasiexperimental Study." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 4, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-20-45.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Noncommunicable diseases are one of the main challenges that affect health worldwide and have been found to be increasing in both low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of financial incentives and a comprehensive care program focusing on patients' behavior and self-management of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 7), as well as modifiable risk factors for disease complications in a Saudi Arabian population. Methods This quasiexperimental study, using a pre- and postevaluation approach, was used to compare the level of HbA1c among patients with uncontrolled diabetes before and after the financial incentives and comprehensive care program were implemented. Financial awards were given to patients who achieved a significantly greater decrease in HbA1c levels with his/her responsible physician. The study population included 702 Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes from 14 regions and 34 primary healthcare centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All of these patients (≥ 15 years old) with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who attended local primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia for a follow-up visit from February to October 2018. Results The mean age, in years, of the sample was 56.14 (± SD = 9.909); slightly more than half of the patients 401 (57.1%) were females. Most of the participants 645 (91.9%) were married, and 381(54.3%) patients were housewives. Linear mixed modeling revealed that all groups showed improvements over time in the primary outcome of HbA1c levels (p = 0.009), Including the secondary outcomes of body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.04, < 0.001, 0.019 respectively). Conclusions Patient behavior was improved, which was reflected by decreases in HbA1c, body mass index, and blood pressure levels. A comprehensive care program is recommended by healthcare providers to increase awareness among patients with diabetes to reduce other risk factors. These kinds of interventions positively motivate patients with diabetes to control their health measurements and to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
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Algabbani, Aljoharah, Amani Alqahtani, and Nasser BinDhim. "Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia." Food and Drug Regulatory Science Journal 2, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32868/rsj.v2i2.29.
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Abstract
Background
Chronic diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia. With a lack of national health surveillance systems, this study examines chronic disease prevalence and multimorbidity and their associated factors in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
Data was pooled from two cross-sectional national surveys conducted across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia between March and July 2018. The study targeted Arabic speakers aged 18 years or older. The presence of chronic diseases was assessed according to self-reported medical diagnoses of chronic conditions. Multimorbidity was assessed based on the reported number of diseases (no condition, at least 1, and ≥ 2 conditions). Factors associated with chronic diseases’ presence were examined using regression analysis.
Results
Out of the total participants (N= 7,317), the most reported chronic conditions were cardiovascular diseases (15.1%) followed by respiratory diseases (14.16%). The multimorbidity prevalence (≥ 2 chronic conditions) was nearly 5.6% (n= 564). Factors found to be significantly associated with the presence of chronic diseases were age, gender, employment status, marital status, and smoking. The findings showed that those who rated their health as fair or poor were almost three times more likely to be diagnosed with at least one chronic condition (95% CI: 2.21 - 3.56, P <0.001).
Conclusions
The study found a proportion of Saudis living with chronic diseases and multimorbidity with the highest risk among elderly people. The study findings are useful in building a sustainable health surveillance system and designing effective health policies and interventions to tackle the burden of chronic disease in Saudi Arabia.
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Algarni, Majed A., Mohammad S. Alzahrani, Yasser Alatawi, Raghad A. Alasmari, Hashem O. Alsaab, Atiah H. Almalki, Abdullah A. Alhifany, and Yusuf S. Althobaiti. "Perception of Threat and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Expatriates in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126650.
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In the first few months of the pandemic, Makkah region reported the highest number of COVID-19 cases among all regions in Saudi Arabia. More than 80% of these reported cases were non-Saudi residents. In this study, we evaluated the perceived threat from and psychological impact of COVID-19 among non-Saudi residents of Makkah region. This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected using a standardized self-report questionnaire. A total of 292 expatriates were included in the study, the majority of whom were non-Arabic speakers. The prevalence of self-reported depression was nearly 40%, anxiety was 32%, and stress was 43%. The findings indicated variability in the prevalence of psychological symptoms among expatriates from different ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, work environment and perceived threat were strong predictors of psychological disorders. This suggested that the perceived threat from and psychological burden of COVID-19 among non-Saudis in Makkah region is substantial. Future research should investigate the reasons behind these variations in the psychological impact of the pandemic among different ethnic groups.
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Albassam, Ahmed A., Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Mohammad Ruhal Ain, Anwar Alotaibi, Abdullah Althemery, and Abdullah Alfaifi. "A cross-sectional assessment of health-related quality of life among healthcare providers in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 10 (November 26, 2020): 2171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i10.22.
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Purpose: To determine the current level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and evaluate factors influencing it among health-care providers (HCPs) in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among HCPs in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, using the standardized research tool, BREF-WHOQOL. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in hospitals, in the medical colleges of Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, andcommunity pharmacies in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS.Results: A total of 289 HCPs agreed to participate in the study, 52 % of whom were female. Most participants were married (69 %), and most had fewer than 10 years of experience (58 %). Statistically significant differences in marital status, education level, income, and year of practice were found that correlated with HCPs’ HRQoL (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, respondents reported an above-average score for all survey items.Conclusion: The results indicate that HCPs see their general quality of life as good - a particularly important consideration in view of the demanding nature of their job. This study will help the concerned authorities to exactly know the current level of HRQoL among HCPs in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, as well as help in designing better healthcare policies in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Healthcare providers (HCP), Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), Healthcare policies, Occupational stress
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Alrabiah, Ziyad, Azher Arafah, Muneeb U. Rehman, Salmeen D. Babelghaith, Wajid Syed, Fahad K. Alrashidi, Fahad F. Aldajaani, Musab A. Alsufayan, and Mohamed N. Al Arifi. "Prevalence and Self-Medication for Acne among Students of Health-Related Science Colleges at King Saud University in Riyadh Region Saudi Arabia." Medicina 59, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010052.
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Background and Objectives: In Saudi Arabia, Acne vulgaris is a very predominant ailment among adolescents, especially female university students, and self-medication has become a trend to manage this condition. To determine the prevalence of Acne vulgaris among health care students and to access the scenario of its self-medication in light of students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards it. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 2022 to March 2022. The study was undertaken using a pre-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 550 university students were recruited and the incidence of acne was observed to be 78.5% (432 out of 550) with a female predominance. A total of 56.0% (244 of 432) students used self-medications for acne without a prescription and the most used prescription drugs were topical and oral antibiotics (38.1%), followed by Isotretinoin (22.55), and topical adaplene (20.9%). Female students (n = 181, 63.5%) were significantly more likely to self-medicate compared to male students (n = 63, 42.9%, p ≤ 0.001). Almost 60% of medical students had proper knowledge of medication for acne. Conclusion: Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent condition among university students of Saudi Arabia and use of self-medication among acne sufferers is high. Education programs should be made to raise awareness about acne and its treatment.
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Alyousefi, Nada, Arwa Alemam, Dena Altwaijri, Sarah Alarifi, and Haifa Alessa. "Predictors of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Expectant Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074115.
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Breastfeeding is beneficial for mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Saudi Arabia is considered one of the countries with the highest prevalence of GDM. Mothers with GDM have a low intention to breastfeed and are less likely to continue breastfeeding. This study aimed to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy among expectant mothers with GDM and quantify its determinants. This cross-sectional study recruited expectant mothers with GDM from an antenatal care clinic and queried them on breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes using the Arabic validated prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale (PBSES). The study took place at the Medical City of King Saud University, during January–April 2021. The average PBSES score among 145 GDM Saudi participants was 64.07 ± 16.3. Higher academic level, previous satisfactory breastfeeding experiences, breastfeeding intention, six months or more breastfeeding experience, and health education were significantly positively correlated with PBSES score. A higher knowledge score was also correlated with a higher PBSES score (p = 0.002). Longer breastfeeding duration (β.197, p = 0.036), satisfactory previous breastfeeding experience (β.218, p = 0.020), and higher knowledge score (β.259, p = 0.004) were significant predictors of a high PBSES score. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is low among expectant Saudi mothers with GDM, especially those with unsatisfactory previous experience or low knowledge scores. Establishing systematic education about breastfeeding during antenatal care is recommended to improve breastfeeding experience and improve GDM outcomes.
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Almojaibel, Abdullah A., Khalid Ansari, Yahya A. Alzahrani, Saleh A. Alessy, Faraz A. Farooqi, and Yousef A. Alqurashi. "Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among health care practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 11 (January 11, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74575.1.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. In less than 12 months since the World Health Organization declared the outbreak, several different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and deployed mostly in developed countries since January 2021. However, hesitancy to accept the newly developed vaccines is a well-known public health challenge that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to measure willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among health care practitioners' (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online self-reported survey was conducted among HCPs in Saudi Arabia between April 4th to April 25th 2021 using snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the possible factors affecting HCPs’ willingness and hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Out of 776 participants who started the survey, 505 (65%) completed it and were included in the results. Among all HCPs, 47 (9.3%) either said “no” to receive the vaccine [20 (4%)] or were hesitant to receive it [27 (5.3%)]. Of the total number of the HCPs, 376 (74.5%) already received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 48 (9.50%) were registered to receive it. The main reason of agreement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was “wanting to protect self and others from getting the infection” (24%). Conclusion: Our findings have shown that hesitancy toward receiving COVID-19 vaccines among HCPs in Saudi Arabia is limited and therefore may not be a serious issue. The outcomes of this study may help to understand factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and help public health authorities to design targeted health education interventions aiming to increase uptake of these vaccines.
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Almojaibel, Abdullah A., Khalid Ansari, Yahya A. Alzahrani, Saleh A. Alessy, Faraz A. Farooqi, and Yousef D. Alqurashi. "Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among health care practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 11 (November 28, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74575.2.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. In less than 12 months since the World Health Organization declared the outbreak, several different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and deployed mostly in developed countries since January 2021. However, hesitancy to accept the newly developed vaccines is a well-known public health challenge that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to measure willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among health care practitioners' (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online self-reported survey was conducted among HCPs in Saudi Arabia between April 4th to April 25th 2021 using snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the possible factors affecting HCPs’ willingness and hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Out of 776 participants who started the survey, 505 (65%) completed it and were included in the results. Among all HCPs, 47 (9.3%) either said “no” to receive the vaccine [20 (4%)] or were hesitant to receive it [27 (5.3%)]. Of the total number of the HCPs, 376 (74.5%) already received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 48 (9.50%) were registered to receive it. The main reason of agreement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was “wanting to protect self and others from getting the infection” (24%). Conclusion: Our findings have shown that hesitancy toward receiving COVID-19 vaccines among HCPs in Saudi Arabia is limited and therefore may not be a serious issue. The outcomes of this study may help to understand factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and help public health authorities to design targeted health education interventions aiming to increase uptake of these vaccines.
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Alhaiti, Ali Hassan, Mohammed Senitan, Wireen Leila T. Dator, Chandrakala Sankarapandian, Nadiah Abdulaziz Baghdadi, Linda Katherine JONES, Cliff Da Costa, and George Binh Lenon. "Adherence of Type 2 Diabetic Patients to Self-Care Activity: Tertiary Care Setting in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4817637.
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Aim. To analyse the prevalence of self-care practices in T2D patients in KSA. Methods. The study was conducted in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Saudi Arabia, and 385 patients were selected as samples. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities-Arabic (SDSCA) and consisted of 14 items related to self-care activities of T2D patients related to management and control of disease and four other aspects related to education and advice from healthcare members regarding management of T2D. Results. The self-care attributes including adherence to medication commitment activities ( M = 6.13 , SD = 1.25 ) were the most practised of all the domains. Glucose monitoring ( M = 4.15 , SD = 2.42 ) and foot care ( M = 3.28 , SD = 1.69 ) were at an average level, and adherence to the diet plan and exercise was found to be at a poor level ( M = 2.57 , SD = 1.73 and M = 2.13 , SD = 2.00 ) respectively. About 179 patients (74.3%) were found to be advised to follow a low-fat eating plan, and only 89 patients (36.9%) had received information concerning fruits and vegetables in their diet. More than 90% patients were found to be advised to strictly carry out exercise and blood sugar monitoring. Conclusion. It was found that adherence to self-care activities including diet, exercise, and foot care was relatively poor while intake of medication was strictly followed. The education provided by healthcare providers related to self-management attributes was found to be significant and had positive effects on the overall health and well-being of T2D patients.
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Alhowimel, Ahmed S., Faris A. Alodaibi, Mazyad A. Alotaibi, Dalyah M. Alamam, and Julie Fritz. "Management of Low back pain in Saudi Arabia healthcare system. A Qualitative Study." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211060178.
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Background Patients with chronic low back pain can contribute to a global socioeconomic burden. Current international recommendations emphasize that low back pain management should occur at the primary-care level. However, there is a lack of essential services for low back pain management at the primary-care level in Saudi Arabia. We explored the current state of low back pain management in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of spine surgeons and physiotherapists. Methods A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted on spine surgeons and physiotherapists. A total of 17 healthcare workers, 8 spine surgeons (age range 28–49 years) and 9 physiotherapists (age range 30–49 years) participated in the study. Data were recorded and analyzed thematically. Results Three main themes were identified from the interview data that outlined current low back pain management in Saudi Arabia: clinical guideline availability and pathways of care, utilization of primary care services, and overutilization of secondary care resources. Conclusions This study suggests underutilization of primary care services and overutilization of secondary care services in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the implementation of local clinical guidelines could improve patient care as well as reduce the cost of low back pain management.
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Rawash, Ahmed, and Mohamed Abdelrahman. "Digital Transformation of the Health Sector During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey 13, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcses.2022.13401.
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Background: In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia was confirmed. In reaction to the outbreak, Saudi Arabia ordered the closure of the majority of governmental and private services. Technology and digital solutions have made it possible to provide essential services after the implementation of these severe protection requirements. Objective: This study aims to show how Saudi Arabia used digital technology during the COVID-19 epidemic in the fields of public health and health care services, and shedding insight on the efficacy of digital transformation in Saudi Arabia for preventing the spread of Covid-19. Methods: Using public announcements, press briefings and releases, news clips, published statistics, peerreviewed literature, and professional debates, we documented Saudi Arabia's usage of digital technologies throughout the epidemic. Results: The government and business sectors of Saudi Arabia jointly created and released around 19 applications and platforms that support public health duties and offer health care. Detailed descriptions of each are given. Companies in the telecommunications industry collaborated well and took steps to assist continuing efforts. Using social media, websites, and SMS text messages, risk communication initiatives adhered to best practice guidelines. Conclusions: An important step toward digital transformation has been taken by Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 framework. This shift was made possible by COVID-19. For future epidemics in Saudi Arabia, artificial intelligence might be used to integrate data from several sources. Reducing the number of applications and combining their operations may also boost and make it easier for people to utilize them.
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Barradah, Rasheed Khalid. "Atopic Dermatitis - Knowledge and Attitude of Primary Health Care Providers, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 33 (August 16, 2021): 2773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/566.
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BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in Saudi Arabia. Level of primary health care providers’ (PHCPs) knowledge about the disease is inadequate. We wanted to determine the knowledge and attitude of primary health care providers (PHCPs) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, toward atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, from August to October 2020. The data was collected from eight primary healthcare centres in the city by a pre-tested questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0. Pearsonchi-square / Fisher Exact test were applied to observe associations between qualitative variables. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The data was collected from 23 PHCPs. The qualification obtained by most of the PHCPs (78.3 %) was Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), 17.4 % were diploma holders and only one had master’s degree. The average AD score out of 8 items was 5.95 + 1.18. The minimum and maximum scores were 3 and 8. Converting the scores to percentages, the participants who had good knowledge about AD were 17 (73.91 %). Five (21.74 %) had average knowledge and only one (4.35 %) had poor knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The level of atopic dermatitis knowledge of PHCPs in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, was found to be adequate, whereas the attitude was observed to be negative. Focus-group discussions, tailored sessions, or continuous medical education programs can be conducted to discuss the management guidelines on this condition with the PHCPs. KEY WORDS Atopic Dermatitis, Primary Healthcare Centres, Knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Turck, Kawkab, Norah Alsaeri, Rehab Alanazi, Ruba Alajaji, Shahad Alsulaiman, Nouf Al-Jehani, and Fatimah Alodaini. "Self- Reported Oral Care And Oral Health Among Women During Pregnancy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Annals of Dental Specialty 9, no. 2 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51847/7abyjxanxw.
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Moawed, Salma, Amany S. Badawy, Samar Alosimi, and Maha Alrowily. "The Oral Health Knowledge and Self-care Practices of Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia." American Journal of Nursing Research 7, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajnr-7-4-25.
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Nassar, Afnan A., and Abrar K. Demyati. "Informed Consent in the Health Care System: An Overview from a Dental Perspective in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514405.
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Background: Patient autonomy in the health care system is achieved by the vital principle of providing informed consent. Throughout history, informed consent gained recognition and improved to include more aids and steps to formalize and standardize the process of obtaining proper consent in medical and dental practice. Regardless of the type of informed consent obtained before the treatment, it should include an adequate understandable description of nature and diagnosis of the disease, treatment plan, proper alternatives, risks, and limitations. Summary: There is limited information in the ethics literature covering critical concepts related to different dental procedures in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, informed consent in dentistry is not well-documented. As everything is evolving and changing in Saudi society, litigation has progressed and impacted dentistry. This overview will help in addressing aspects related to informed consent and closing the gaps in the dental health care system in Saudi Arabia, managing complex ethical issues associated with dental patients. In addition, providing recommendations and shedding some light on the importance of informed consent will improve the situation of the informed consent process in Saudi Arabia. Key Messages: Informed consent allows patients to be part of the decision-making process, and it provides legal protection for the practitioners from practice lawsuit cases. Dentists should take extra care in documenting the consent process and patient’s choice regarding their treatment to avoid unfavorable consequences. In Saudi Arabia, attention should be drawn toward the crucial role of informed consent, and more studies should be published in order to enrich the knowledge and to improve the health care system.
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Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, and Ameerah MN Qattan. "An Analysis of Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Health Care Provision in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Health Services Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863291985900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632919859008.
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This study considers the issue of health care provision in Saudi Arabia, looking in particular at the challenges for health care providers and ministry officials. Although the study concentrates on factors specific to Saudi Arabia, it also examines the problem from a broadly international perspective. In particular, the study explores the experience of health care modernisation in the United Kingdom to conceptualise the practicality of fusing public services with market ideals. There is a pressing need to modernise the Saudi health care system with the economic burden on the state-funded Ministry of Health being an unsustainable means of providing health care in future. The solution resides partially in opening the public health care system to alternative sources of management and revenue. In particular, public-private partnerships will be considered as a viable means of funding health care in Saudi Arabia and for improving standards and the quality of care. This study concludes that, whereas the move towards a public-private partnership approach to health care provision has been touted as a precondition for modernisation and development, the precise fusion between government and non-government forces remains a source of conjecture. As a result, the study advocates caution when evaluating the benefits and pitfalls of partnerships between public and private actors.
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Khaled H. Alhomayani, Faisal, Awatif Elmohamady Edrees, Amal Abdullah Aljuaid, Shahad Saud Alhamyani, Najwa Jameel Althobaiti, Asma Ahmed Alharthi, and Hebatullah Abdulaziz Alshehri. "POPULATION AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS INTAIF, SAUDI ARABIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15729.
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Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Many studies showed misconceptions and low awareness in different regions of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim: of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness among general population in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Methodology:across-sectional study using a self-administrated online Arabic questionnaire. Results: a total of responses from 408 participants whose sociodemographic characteristics showed 34.8% belonged to the age group of 18-24 years, 66.2% were females, 53.7% were married, 83.6% were Saudis, 35.5% had post-graduate education, and 46.1% were medical students. The analysis showed that 89% had poor awareness, only 3.7% had good awareness and 7.6% had a fair awareness about SLE. Conclusion: This study showedlow general awareness and some misconceptionsamong the Taif-KSA population regarding the SLE. Recommendations: health education campaigns to increase awareness of SLE among the Saudi population, will be helpful to detect and diagnose early cases of SLE patients to reduce its complication and improve the quality of patients life.
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Thapa, Subash, Jesper Bo Nielsen, Abdullah M. Aldahmash, Fatima R. Qadri, and Anja Leppin. "Willingness to Use Digital Health Tools in Patient Care Among Health Care Professionals and Students at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia: Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey." JMIR Medical Education 7, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): e18590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18590.
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Background The adoption rate of digital health in the health care sector is low in many countries. A facilitating factor for successful implementation and adoption of digital health is acceptance by current and future health care professionals. Objective This study was conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to use digital health tools in patient care among health care professionals and students. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional survey study conducted among health care professionals and students at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nonprobability convenience sampling procedure was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using a self-completed e-questionnaire that was distributed by email. Chi-square tests, t tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results We found that 181 out of 218 health care professionals (83.0%; 75.6% [59/78] physicians; 87.1% [122/140] nurses) and 115 out of 154 students (74.7%; 80.0% [76/95] medical students and 66.1% [39/59] nursing students) were willing to use digital tools in patient care. Willingness to use digital tools was significantly associated with attitude (Adjusted Odds Ratios [AOR] 1.96; 95% CI 1.14-3.36) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.17-2.30) among health care professionals, and with current year of study (AOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.18-3.68) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.77; 95% CI 1.17-2.69) among students. No significant difference in willingness to use digital tools was found between physicians and nurses (P=.113), and between medical and nursing students (P=.079). Conclusions The findings of this study should encourage policy makers and hospital managers to implement relevant eHealth interventions within routine health care systems in Saudi Arabia. For successful implementation, digital health education programs should be implemented simultaneously, so that current and future health care professionals are able to develop required positive attitudes as well as practical skills and competencies.
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Senitan, Mohammed, and James Gillespie. "Health-Care Reform in Saudi Arabia: Patient Experience at Primary Health-Care Centers." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519872420.
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The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between patients’ demographics, the quality of physician–patient communication, care coordination, and the overall satisfaction rating in primary health-care centers (PHCs). A cross-sectional study was conducted using a patient experience tool. A convenience sample of 157 patients visiting PHCs were retrieved from 10 out of the 13 Saudi regions. A total of 81% of the overall ratings could be attributed to the predictors included in the model. The highest predictor of the overall rating in this model was physicians answering of patient questions, followed by time spent with the physician, type of PHC, and the abilities of the physician to listen carefully, explain things clearly, and show respect. The weakest predictors were follow-up by the health-care provider and physician’s knowledge of the patient’s medical history. Our findings suggest that to improve the overall patient experience and the quality of care at PHCs requires extra attention to physician–patient communication. To improve quality, safety, and efficiency, the Ministry of Health should ensure interpretation service for patients at PHCs either public or private. The Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions should enhance the physician–patient communication as part of their standards for accrediting PHCs.
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AI-Osimy, MuneeraH. "Evaluation of Primary Health Care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 1, no. 1 (1994): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.98730.
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Hall, Aron J., Jerome I. Tokars, Samar A. Badreddine, Ziad Bin Saad, Elaine Furukawa, Malak Al Masri, Lia M. Haynes, et al. "Health Care Worker Contact with MERS Patient, Saudi Arabia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 20, no. 12 (December 2014): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.141211.
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Armes, Sharon, and Josephine Stone. "Highlights of Health Care: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.java.2015.04.003.
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Sabgul, Afnan Abdulnasir, Ameerah M. N. Qattan, Rubayyat Hashmi, and Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi. "Husbands’ Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives’ Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e25404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25404.
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Background Despite Saudi Arabia’s free and well-established cancer care program, breast cancer incidence and mortality are rising. Husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening are not well understood in Saudi Arabia. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate husbands’ knowledge, and wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from 403 husbands in the holy city of Makkah through an online self-reported questionnaire over a period of 2 months, from May 6 to July 7, 2020. Tabulation, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were the major tools used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ behavior regarding breast cancer screening methods. Results Husbands’ knowledge score (a 1-point increase) was significantly associated with the wives’ utilization of mammograms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.089, 95% CI 1.024-1.159) and breast self-examination (AOR 1.177, 95% CI 1.105-1.255). Husbands’ knowledge also influenced the wives’ attitudes toward learning about breast self-examination (AOR 1.138, 95% CI 1.084-1.195). There was no significant association between husbands’ knowledge and wives’ utilization of clinical breast examination. However, richer husbands showed a socioeconomic gradient concerning their wives’ utilization of clinical breast examinations (AOR 2.603, 95% CI 1.269-5.341). Conclusions Overall, husbands’ knowledge of breast cancer influences wives’ attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods in Saudi Arabia. Thus, interventions delivered to husbands might increase breast cancer awareness and survival.