Journal articles: 'Self-bound systems'

1

Van Neck, D., and M. Waroquier. "Single-particle properties in self-bound systems." Physical Review C 58, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 3359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.58.3359.

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2

Ribeiro, A. L. B., and P. S. Letelier. "Global textures and the formation of self-bound gravitational systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 309, no. 4 (November 11, 1999): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02850.x.

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Prok, Gary. "The Possibility of Spontaneous Generation of Self-Replicating Systems." Communications of the Blyth Institute 1, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.2.prok.1.

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The minimal implementation of a self-replicating system in the Lambda calculus is given with a goal of establishing a lower bound for the probabilities of the spontaneous generation of self-replication systems.

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Wang, Ding-Xiong. "The upper bound on the entropy of self-gravitating radiation systems." General Relativity and Gravitation 27, no. 12 (December 1995): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02153315.

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Isakova, Anna, Billy J. Murdoch, and Katarina Novakovic. "From small molecules to polymeric catalysts in the oscillatory carbonylation reaction: multiple effects of adding HI." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 14 (2018): 9281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07747e.

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Yu, Rongrong, Ye-Hwa Chen, Han Zhao, Kang Huang, and Shengchao Zhen. "Self-adjusting leakage type adaptive robust control design for uncertain systems with unknown bound." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 116 (February 2019): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.06.031.

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Jhung, Kyu Soo, In Ho Kim, Ki-Hwan Oh, and Kwang Hwa Chung Jhung. "Universal nature of self-bound potential systems: Diatomic molecules, surface adsorptions, and bulk cohesions." Physical Review B 42, no. 18 (December 15, 1990): 11580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.11580.

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Winslow, Andrew. "Size-separable tile self-assembly: a tight bound for temperature-1 mismatch-free systems." Natural Computing 15, no. 1 (August 18, 2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11047-015-9516-3.

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Bansal, Kritika, and Pankaj Mukhija. "Aperiodic sampled-data control of distributed networked control systems with time-delay." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 43, no. 9 (January 18, 2021): 1891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331220982504.

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This paper proposes a hybrid aperiodic sampled-data mechanism for the control of interconnected subsystems with time-delay. The proposed aperiodic sampled-data mechanism comprises of two stages. In the first stage, the next sampling instant for each subsystem is computed using self-triggering strategy. Thereafter, in the second stage, an event-triggering condition is checked at these sampling instants for each subsystem and signal is transmitted to the controller only if the event-triggering condition is violated. Further, to reduce the computational complexity involved in the proposed triggering mechanism, another triggering mechanism with integrated event-triggering and self-triggering is developed. Also, an upper bound on delay for each subsystem is computed to ensure the stability of distributed networked control system. The results proposed are validated using a simulation example. A comparison of the proposed technique with other triggering mechanisms in terms of sampling instants, number of transmissions to the controller, maximum delay bound and other performance measures is drawn through simulation example.

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Horvath, J. E., and G. Lugones. "Self-bound CFL stars in binary systems: Are they “hidden” among the black hole candidates?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 422, no. 1 (July 2004): L1—L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20040180.

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Feng, Yuan, and Lijun Zhang. "A tighter bound for the self-stabilization time in Hermanʼs algorithm." Information Processing Letters 113, no. 13 (July 2013): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2013.04.006.

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Guo, Ling Li, Mu Shu Wang, and Ye Wang. "Cell Mapping Modeling for Complex Systems Based on ISODATA Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.332.

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This paper presents a new type of modeling framework for complex dynamical systems based on cell mapping. The systems considered are difficult in modeling by physical principle due to complex mechanism. By the method of data driven, the cell mapping model is constructed and the modeling objective is describing statistical dynamic trajectory for this kind of complex system, which overcome the difficulties found in mechanism modeling. Firstly, the clustering of operation modes is achieved by Self-Organizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm (ISODATA). Then, a cell division measure is obtained by the clustering result, which is different from the regular partition in other measures. Meanwhile, each class bound is treated as a cell bound, and hence the dynamic trajectory of complex systems is described by the cell mapping. Finally, a simulated experience illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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GAZDA, D., E. FRIEDMAN, A. GAL, and J. MAREŠ. "STRANGE BARYONIC MATTER AND KAON CONDENSATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11052050.

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In this contribution we address the question whether kaon condensation could occur in strongly interacting self-bound strange hadronic matter. In our comprehensive dynamical relativistic mean-field (RMF) calculations of nuclear and hypernuclear systems containing several antikaons we found saturation of [Formula: see text] separation energy as well as the associated nuclear and [Formula: see text] density distributions upon increasing the number of [Formula: see text] mesons. The saturation pattern was found to be a universal feature of these multi-strangeness configurations. Since in all cases the [Formula: see text] separation energy does not exceed 200 MeV, we conclude that [Formula: see text] mesons do not provide the physical "strangeness" degrees of freedom for self-bound strange hadronic matter.

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Voiculescu, Dan. "Entropy of dynamical systems and perturbations of operators." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 11, no. 4 (December 1991): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700006489.

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In the papers [9, 10, 3, 11] on perturbations of Hilbert space operators, we studied an invariant (τ) where is a normed ideal of compact operators and τ a family of operators. The size of an ideal for which (τ) vanishes or does not vanish is an upper, respectively lower, bound for a kind of dimension of τ. In the case of systems of commuting self-adjoint operators τ, the results of [9,3] relate (τ) with (an ideal slightly smaller than the Schatten von Neumann class ) to the way the spectral measure of τ compares to p-dimensional Hausdorff measure.

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BEKENSTEIN, JACOB D., and MARCELO SCHIFFER. "QUANTUM LIMITATIONS ON THE STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 01, no. 04 (December 1990): 355–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183190000207.

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Information must take up space, must weigh, and its flux must be limited. Quantum limits on communication and information storage leading to these conclusions are described here. Quantum channel capacity theory is reviewed for both steady state and burst communication. An analytic approximation is given for the maximum signal information possible with occupation number signal states as a function of mean signal energy. A theorem guaranteeing that these states are optimal for communication is proved. A heuristic "proof" of the linear bound on communication is given, followed by rigorous proofs for signals with specified mean energy, and for signals with given energy budget. And systems of many parallel quantum channels are shown to obey the linear bound for a natural channel architecture. The time-energy uncertainty principle is reformulated in information language by means of the linear bound. The quantum bound on information storage capacity of quantum mechanical and quantum field devices is reviewed. A simplified version of the analytic proof for the bound is given for the latter case. Solitons as information caches are discussed, as is information storage in one-dimensional systems. The influence of signal self-gravitation on communication is considered. Finally, it is shown that acceleration of a receiver acts to block information transfer.

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Bárány, Balázs, and Sascha Troscheit. "Dynamically defined subsets of generic self-affine sets*." Nonlinearity 35, no. 10 (August 22, 2022): 4986–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac8219.

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Abstract In dynamical systems, shrinking target sets and pointwise recurrent sets are two important classes of dynamically defined subsets. In this article we introduce a mild condition on the linear parts of the affine mappings that allow us to bound the Hausdorff dimension of cylindrical shrinking target and recurrence sets. For generic self-affine sets in the sense of Falconer, that is by randomising the translation part of the affine maps, we prove that these bounds are sharp. These mild assumptions mean that our results significantly extend and complement the existing literature for recurrence on self-affine sets.

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Adams, Fred C., and Willy Benz. "Gravitational Instabilities in Circumstellar Disks and the Formation of Binary Companions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006369.

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AbstractWe review recent work on gravitational instabilities in circumstellar disks and discuss implications for the possibility of forming binary companions within these disks. Linear stability analysis indicates that self-gravitating modes with azimuthal wavenumber m = 1 will grow strongly in star/disk systems with the physical properties observed in astrophysical systems. Smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations indicate that these self-gravitating instabilities (with m = 1 and higher) will grow into the nonlinear regime. In many cases, a spiral arm will collapse into a gravitationally bound “knot” of gas; these knots typically contain 1% of the mass of the disk and travel on elliptical orbits about the central star.

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18

Lee, Sumin, and Joon Sang Baek. "Nature-Inspired Design for Self-Organized Social Systems: A Tool for Collaborative Communities." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.22.

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AbstractThis research was motivated by the need to design for self-organized and sustained collaborative communities. A collaborative community is defined as a group of people who are bound by a sense of community and fulfil their unmet needs through collaboration (Baek, Meroni, & Manzini, 2015). A community with limited resources and premature organisational structure and therefore experience an unbalanced workload is fragile. If the community fails to distribute workloads fairly within and the commitment of the sacrificing members is exhausted, it is likely to fall apart. Inspired by the self- organization phenomena in nature, we designed a tool that these communities can use to conceive strategies that contribute to autonomy and collaboration. For validation, we applied the tool to an industrial design student club. The results demonstrate that despite the differences between social and ecological systems, there is a potential to learn from nature to design for self-organized collaborative communities with the condition that one has sufficient knowledge about both the references and the design target. We also discuss the problem-solving and learning effects of the tool.

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Hopstad, Yngve, and Jan Myrheim. "Computer simulations of rotating systems of few particles bound by gravitation." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 12 (November 23, 2016): 1650142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116501424.

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The shapes of rotating drops of liquid bound by gravitation is a classical subject of study. Inspired by this classical theory, we have simulated numerically a related problem, the rotating rigid configurations of a finite number of point particles. Two particles at a distance [Formula: see text] have a long range attractive potential [Formula: see text] and a short range repulsive potential [Formula: see text] preventing collapse. We take the angular momentum to be conserved, but not the energy.This system has a variable density, unlike the classical liquid drops. When the number of particles is small, it is more rigid than a liquid drop, implying that many different stable equilibrium configurations may exist with the same angular momentum but different energies. When the number of particles becomes large, our system should resemble a self-gravitating polytropic gas.We present here the results of a preliminary study with only 3, 4, and 5 particles. The methods used could be applied to the study of rotating molecules.

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Dandoy, Virgile, Thomas Schwetz, and Elisa Todarello. "A self-consistent wave description of axion miniclusters and their survival in the galaxy." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/081.

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Abstract We present a solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson system based on the WKB ansatz for the wave function. In this way we obtain a description of a gravitationally bound clump of axion dark matter by a superposition of energy eigenstates with random phases. It can be applied to any self-consistent pair of radial density distribution and phase space density f(E) related by Eddington's formula. We adopt this as a model for axion miniclusters in our galaxy and use it to study the mass loss due to a star encounter by using standard perturbation theory methods known from quantum mechanics. Finally, we perform a Monte Carlo study to estimate the surviving fraction of axion miniclusters in the dark matter halo of our galaxy. We find that the reaction to perturbations and the survival probability depend crucially on the density profile. Weakly bound clusters are heated up and eventually destroyed, whereas more strongly bound systems get even more compact as a result of perturbations and are driven towards an axion star configuration.

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Esmaeili, Hossein, Ali Kariminezhad, and Aydin Sezgin. "Robust Transceiver Design for IRS-Assisted Cascaded MIMO Communication Systems." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 6587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176587.

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Intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) have gained much attention due to their passive behavior that can be a successor to relays in many applications. However, traditional relay systems might still be a perfect choice when reliability and throughput are the main concerns in a communication system. In this work, we use an IRS along with a decode-and-forward relay to provide a possible solution to address one of the main challenges of future wireless networks which is providing reliability. We investigate a robust transceiver design against the residual self-interference (RSI), which maximizes the throughput rate under self-interference channel uncertainty-bound constraints. The yielded problem turns out to be a non-convex optimization problem, where the non-convex objective is optimized over the cone of semidefinite matrices. We propose a novel mathematical method to find a lower bound on the performance of the IRS that can be used as a benchmark. Eventually, we show an important result in which, for the worst-case scenario, IRS can be helpful only if the number of IRS elements are at least as large as the size of the interference channel. Moreover, a novel method based on majorization theory and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed to find the best response of the transmitters and relay against worst-case RSI. Furthermore, we propose a multi-level water-filling algorithm to obtain a locally optimal solution iteratively. We show that our algorithm performs better that the state of the art in terms of time complexity as well as robustness. For instance, our numerical results show that the acheivable rate can be increased twofold and almost sixfold, respectively, for the case of small and large antenna array at transceivers.

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Kayacan, Erkan. "Sliding mode control for systems with mismatched time-varying uncertainties via a self-learning disturbance observer." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 7 (September 18, 2018): 2039–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218794266.

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This paper presents a novel sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm to handle mismatched uncertainties in systems via a novel self-learning disturbance observer (SLDO). A computationally efficient SLDO is developed within a framework of feedback-error learning scheme in which a conventional estimation law and a neuro-fuzzy structure (NFS) work in parallel. In this framework, the NFS estimates the mismatched disturbances and becomes the leading disturbance estimator while the former feeds the learning error to the NFS to learn system behaviour. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMC based on SLDO (SMC-SLDO) ensures robust control performance in the presence of mismatched time-varying uncertainties when compared to SMC, integral SMC (ISMC) and SMC based on a basic nonlinear disturbance observer (SMC-BNDO), and also remains the nominal control performance in the absence of mismatched uncertainties. Additionally, the SMC-SLDO not only counteracts mismatched time-varying uncertainties, but also improve the transient response performance in the presence of mismatched time-invariant uncertainties. Moreover, the controller gain of the SMC-SLDO is required to be selected larger than the upper bound of the disturbance estimation error rather than the upper bound of the actual disturbance to guarantee system stability, which results in eliminating the chattering effects on the control signal.

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Adelt, Philipp, Natascha Esau, and Alexander Schmidt. "Hybrid Planning for an Air Gap Adjustment System Using Fuzzy Models." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 5 (October 20, 2009): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0647.

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Hybrid planning is an approach to couple continuous domains commonly found in mechatronic systems with discrete planning problems. An ongoing effort to bring self-optimization as a design means of improved overall system operation quality to mechatronic systems is the overall frame that this approach is embedded in. An innovative rail-bound vehicle system propelled by a linear motor employs an Air Gap Adjustment System to control the air gap between the two motor parts and is presented as an application to the concept.

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Ahmed, Mohamad A., and Charalampos C. Tsimenidis. "Tight Upper Bound Performance of Full-Duplex MIMO-BICM-IDD Systems in the Presence of Residual Self-Interference." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 1 (January 2018): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2768027.

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Zheligovskaya, E. A., and N. A. Bulienkov. "Rod structures of bound water: a possible role in self-organization of biological systems and nondissipative energy transmission." Biophysics 62, no. 5 (September 2017): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350917050256.

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Zhao, Zhanshan, Xiaomeng Li, Jing Zhang, and Yongzhen Pei. "Terminal sliding mode control with self-tuning for coronary artery system synchronization." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 03 (February 20, 2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500413.

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A terminal sliding mode (TSM) control with self-tuning gain algorithm is proposed for the synchronization of coronary artery system under the existence of the unmodeled dynamics and the external disturbance. Considering the sliding mode dynamics of system, a criterion of selecting the parameters is derived to reach the point of equilibrium in the finite time. The theoretic analysis based on Lyapunov theory proved that the systems with the proposed TSM control with self-tuning scheme could be stabilized in finite time. The proposed method shows that the drive and response systems are synchronized and states of the response system track the states of the drive system in finite time. This information about the bound of unmodeled dynamics and the external disturbance is not needed in advance through self-tuning the gains of controller. The results for coronary artery system synchronization simulation show that the proposed TSM controller with self-tuning achieves better robustness and adaptation against unmodeled dynamics and the external disturbance, which offer the theory basis on curing myocardial infarction.

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Fouvry, J. B., C. Pichon, and J. Magorrian. "The secular evolution of discrete quasi-Keplerian systems." Astronomy & Astrophysics 598 (February 2017): A71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629138.

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We derive the kinetic equation that describes the secular evolution of a large set of particles orbiting a dominant massive object, such as stars bound to a supermassive black hole or a proto-planetary debris disc encircling a star. Because the particles move in a quasi-Keplerian potential, their orbits can be approximated by ellipses whose orientations remain fixed over many dynamical times. The kinetic equation is obtained by simply averaging the BBGKY equations over the fast angle that describes motion along these ellipses. This so-called Balescu-Lenard equation describes self-consistently the long-term evolution of the distribution of quasi-Keplerian orbits around the central object: it models the diffusion and drift of their actions, induced through their mutual resonant interaction. Hence, it is the master equation that describes the secular effects of resonant relaxation. We show how it captures the phenonema of mass segregation and of the relativistic Schwarzschild barrier recently discovered in N-body simulations.

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Jentschura, U. D., and B. J. Wundt. "Semi-analytic approach to higher-order corrections in simple muonic bound systems: Vacuum polarization, self-energy and radiative-recoil." European Physical Journal D 65, no. 3 (November 22, 2011): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2011-20338-2.

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FORSDYKE, D. R. "ENTROPY-DRIVEN PROTEIN SELF-AGGREGATION AS THE BASIS FOR SELF/NOT-SELF DISCRIMINATION IN THE CROWDED CYTOSOL." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 01 (March 1995): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339095000265.

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Cytotoxic T cells recognize cell surface complexes of MHC class I proteins with peptides derived from proteins synthesized within the recognized cell. A mechanism permitting some intracellular discrimination between self proteins and not-self proteins (encoded by a foreign species) would allow the preferential loading of MHC proteins with peptides derived from not-self proteins. This would decrease competition with peptides derived from self proteins and decrease gaps in the T cell repertoire. A possible mechanism has been derived from studies of the specificity of self-aggregation of erythrocytes and of virus coat protein. It is postulated that genes whose products occupy a common cytosol have co-evolved such that product concentrations are fine-tuned to a maximum consistent with avoiding self-aggregation. Cytosolic proteins collectively generate a pressure tending to drive protein molecules into self-aggregates. Each individual protein species both contributes to, and is influenced by, this pressure. The aggregation involves a liberation of bound water and an increase in entropy. The concentrations of proteins encoded by viral genes (not-self) readily exceed the solubility limits imposed by the crowded host cytosol. This leads to their preferential degradation to peptides which associate with MHC proteins. The intracellular and extracellular self/not-self discrimination systems complement each other to ensure that there is no immunological reaction against normal self tissue components.

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MASON, IAN, and CAROLYN TALCOTT. "REASONING ABOUT OBJECT SYSTEMS IN VTLoE." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 06, no. 03 (September 1995): 265–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054195000160.

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VTLoE (Variable Type Logic of Effects) is a logic for reasoning about imperative functional programs inspired by the variable type systems of Feferman. The underlying programming language, λ mk , extends the call-by-value lambda calculus with primitives for arithmetic, pairing, branching, and reference cells (mutable data). In VTLoE one can reason about program equivalence and termination, input/output relations, program contexts, and inductively (and co-inductively) define data structures. In this paper we present a refinement of VTLoE. We then introduce a notion of object specification and establish formal principles for reasoning about object systems within VTLoE. Objects are self-contained entities with local state. The local state of an object can only be changed by action of that object in response to a message. In λ mk objects are represented as closures with mutable data bound to local variables. A semantic principle called simulation induction was introduced in our earlier work as a means of establishing equivalence relations between streams, object behaviors, and other potentially infinite structures. These are formulated in VTLoE using the class apparatus. The use of these principles is illustrated by validating a variety of basic tranformation rules.

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Huang, Peng, Minjiang Deng, Zhiliang Kang, Qinshan Liu, and Lijia Xu. "Self-Adaptive Learning of Task Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Systems." Entropy 23, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091146.

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Mobile edge computing (MEC) focuses on transferring computing resources close to the user’s device, and it provides high-performance and low-delay services for mobile devices. It is an effective method to deal with computationally intensive and delay-sensitive tasks. Given the large number of underutilized computing resources for mobile devices in urban areas, leveraging these underutilized resources offers tremendous opportunities and value. Considering the spatiotemporal dynamics of user devices, the uncertainty of rich computing resources and the state of network channels in the MEC system, computing resource allocation in mobile devices with idle computing resources will affect the response time of task requesting. To solve these problems, this paper considers the case in which a mobile device can learn from a neighboring IoT device when offloading a computing request. On this basis, a novel self-adaptive learning of task offloading algorithm (SAda) is designed to minimize the average offloading delay in the MEC system. SAda adopts a distributed working mode and has a perception function to adapt to the dynamic environment in reality; it does not require frequent access to equipment information. Extensive simulations demonstrate that SAda achieves preferable latency performance and low learning error compared to the existing upper bound algorithms.

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Loewe, Benjamin, and Tyler N. Shendruk. "Passive Janus particles are self-propelled in active nematics." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3b70.

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Abstract While active systems possess notable potential to form the foundation of new classes of autonomous materials (Zhang et al 2021 Nat. Rev. Mater. 6 437), designing systems that can extract functional work from active surroundings has proven challenging. In this work, we extend these efforts to the realm of designed active liquid crystal/colloidal composites. We propose suspending colloidal particles with Janus anchoring conditions in an active nematic medium. These passive Janus particles become effectively self-propelled once immersed into an active nematic bath. The self-propulsion of passive Janus particles arises from the effective +1/2 topological charge their surface enforces on the surrounding active fluid. We analytically study their dynamics and the orientational dependence on the position of a companion −1/2 defect. We predict that at sufficiently small activity, the colloid and companion defect remain bound to each other, with the defect strongly orienting the colloid to propel either parallel or perpendicular to the nematic. At sufficiently high activity, we predict an unbinding of the colloid/defect pair. This work demonstrates how suspending engineered colloids in active liquid crystals may present a path to extracting activity to drive functionality.

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JENTSCHURA, ULRICH D. "TECHNIQUES IN ANALYTIC LAMB SHIFT CALCULATIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 30 (September 28, 2005): 2261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305018256.

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Quantum electrodynamics has been the first theory to emerge from the ideas of regularization and renormalization, and the coupling of the fermions to the virtual excitations of the electromagnetic field. Today, bound-state quantum electrodynamics provides us with accurate theoretical predictions for the transition energies relevant to simple atomic systems, and steady theoretical progress relies on advances in calculational techniques, as well as numerical algorithms. In this brief review, we discuss one particular aspect connected with the recent progress: the evaluation of relativistic corrections to the one-loop bound-state self-energy in a hydrogenlike ion of low nuclear charge number, for excited non-S states, up to the order of α(Zα)6 in units of the electron mass. A few details of calculations formerly reported in the literature are discussed, and results for 6F, 7F, 6G and 7G states are given.

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Song, Linxuan, and Marisol García-Valls. "Improving Security of Web Servers in Critical IoT Systems through Self-Monitoring of Vulnerabilities." Sensors 22, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 5004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135004.

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IoT (Internet of Things) systems are complex ones that may comprise large numbers of sensing and actuating devices; and servers that store data and further configure the operation of such devices. Usually, these systems involve real-time operation as they are closely bound to particular physical processes. This real-time operation is often threatened by the security solutions that are put in place to alleviate the ever growing attack surface in IoT. This paper focuses on critical IoT domains where less attention has been paid to the web security aspects. The main reason is that, up to quite recently, web technologies have been considered unreliable and had to be avoided by design in critical systems. In this work, we focus on the server side and on how attacks propagate from server to client as vulnerabilities and from client to unprotected servers; we describe the concerns and vulnerabilities introduced by the intensive usage of web interfaces in IoT from the server templating engines perspective. In this context, we propose an approach to perform self monitoring on the server side, propagating the self monitoring to the IoT system devices; the aim is to provide rapid detection of security vulnerabilities with a low overhead that is transparent to the server normal operation. This approach improves the control over the vulnerability detection. We show a set of experiments that validate the feasibility of our approach.

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Sato, Naoki. "Is Organization of Living Systems Explained by Probability?" Philosophies 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6010003.

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Traditionally, life has been thought improbable without assuming a special principle, such as vital power. Here, I try to understand organization of living systems in terms of a more rational and materialistic notion. I have introduced the notion of inhomogeneity, which is a novel interpretation of “negentropy”, and equivalent to “bound information”, according to the probabilistic interpretation of entropy. Free energy of metabolites is a labile inhomogeneity, whereas genetic information is a more stable inhomogeneity. Dynamic emergence can result from the conflict between two inhomogeneities, one labile and another stable, just like dialectic synthesis results from the conflict between thesis and antithesis. Life is a special type of dynamic emergence, which is coupled with reproduction mediated by genetic information. Biological membrane formation is taken as an example to formulate self-organization of biological systems through dynamic emergence. This system is ultimately driven by the Sun/Earth temperature difference, and is consistent with an increase in probability in the world. If we consider all entropy production related to life, such as degradation of materials and death of organisms, and ultimately the cooling of the Sun, probability always increases with the progress of living systems.

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Hrtankova, Jaroslava, and Jiří Mareš. "On the widths and binding energies of K− nuclear states and the role of K− multi-nucleon interactions." EPJ Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818101009.

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We report on our recent self-consistent calculations of K− nuclear quasi-bound states using K− optical potentials derived from chirally motivated meson-baryon coupled channels models [1, 2]. The K− single-nucleon potentials were supplemented by a phenomenological K− multi-nucleon interaction term introduced to achieve good fits to K− atom data. We demonstrate a substantial impact of the K− multi-nucleon absorption on the widths of K− nuclear states. If such states ever exist in nuclear many-body systems, their widths are excessively large to allow observation.

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Hardy, Michael D., Jun Yang, Jangir Selimkhanov, Christian M. Cole, Lev S. Tsimring, and Neal K. Devaraj. "Self-reproducing catalyst drives repeated phospholipid synthesis and membrane growth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 27 (June 22, 2015): 8187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506704112.

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Cell membranes are dynamic structures found in all living organisms. There have been numerous constructs that model phospholipid membranes. However, unlike natural membranes, these biomimetic systems cannot sustain growth owing to an inability to replenish phospholipid-synthesizing catalysts. Here we report on the design and synthesis of artificial membranes embedded with synthetic, self-reproducing catalysts capable of perpetuating phospholipid bilayer formation. Replacing the complex biochemical pathways used in nature with an autocatalyst that also drives lipid synthesis leads to the continual formation of triazole phospholipids and membrane-bound oligotriazole catalysts from simpler starting materials. In addition to continual phospholipid synthesis and vesicle growth, the synthetic membranes are capable of remodeling their physical composition in response to changes in the environment by preferentially incorporating specific precursors. These results demonstrate that complex membranes capable of indefinite self-synthesis can emerge when supplied with simpler chemical building blocks.

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Fragkiadakis, Charalampos, Subramanian Sivaramakrishnan, Thorsten Schmitz-Kempen, Peter Mardilovich, and Susan Trolier-McKinstry. "Heat generation in PZT MEMS actuator arrays." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 16 (October 17, 2022): 162906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114670.

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Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (piezoMEMS) enable dense arrays of actuators which are often driven to higher electrical fields than their bulk piezoelectric counterparts. In bulk ceramics, high field driving causes internal heating of the piezoelectric, largely due to field-induced domain wall motion. Self-heating is then tracked as a function of vibration velocity to determine the upper bound for the drive levels. However, the literature is limited concerning self-heating in thin film piezoMEMS. In this work, it is shown that self-heating in piezoMEMS transducer arrays occurs due to domain wall motion and Ohmic losses. This was demonstrated via a systematic study of drive waveform dependence of self-heating in piezoMEMS arrays. In particular, the magnitude of self-heating was quantified as a function of different waveform parameters (e.g., amplitude, DC offset, and frequency). Thermal modeling of the self-heating of piezoMEMS using the measured hysteresis loss from electrical characterization as the heat source was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The self-heating model allows improved thermal design of piezoMEMS and can, furthermore, be utilized for functional heating, especially for device level poling.

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Drain, Charles Michael, Joeseph T. Hupp, Kenneth S. Suslick, Michael R. Wasielewski, and Xin Chen. "A perspective on four new porphyrin-based functional materials and devices." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 06, no. 04 (April 2002): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424602000282.

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The tremendous potential for the manifold applications of porphyrins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines derives from their photophysical and electrochemical properties, their remarkable stability, and their predictable and rigid structure. These applications include nonlinear optics, catalysts, sensors, actuators, molecular sieves, and therapeutics. All of these properties are modulated by appending various chemical moieties onto the macrocycles, by choice of metallo derivative, and by the choice of environment. In multichromophoric systems, furthermore, the relative orientation of the chromophores, the nature of the linker, and the size of the system also dictate the properties. The synthesis of multichromophoric systems – both via covalent and noncovalent linkers – is driven by the desire to make new materials and to understand biological processes such as the various aspects of photosynthesis. Though electron and energy transfer processes continue to drive the synthesis of ever more complex systems, more recent focus has shifted toward other applications and functionalities of these structures. The focus of this perspective is on four recent developments in formation and characterization of functional, porphyrinic materials and devices: (1) self-assembly and self-organization of porphyrin arrays and aggregates into phototransistors and photonic devices; (2) self-assembled porphyrin squares for sensors, sieves, and catalysts; (3) covalently bound arrays of different chromophores as photonic materials; and (4) spatially separated arrays of metalloporphyrins as cross-reactive sensors.

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G. Matveikin, V., E. N. Tugolukov, S. Yu. Alekseyev, and A. Yu. Zakharov. "A Method for the Development of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Using Computer Modeling." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.17046.

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The methodology of designing self-contained breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen is considered.The distribution of mass and dimensions of the apparatus along the human body increases the comfort of its use, expands the range of types of operations that a person can perform. The problem of optimal design of apparatuses is formulated. The solution of the problem is provided by the use of automated stands of virtual / augmented reality simulating human breathing and the operation of devices. The work of the stands is based on computer modeling systems implemented on the basis of analytical solutions of systems of differential equations, describing the processes occurring in the apparatus. They function as part of the equipment or synchronously with it. The time of obtaining the result is the same defining characteristic as the accuracy of the result.The design of programs that provide the solution of simulation problems in real time is carried out using the methods of distributed systems, object-oriented programming, parallel computations, and object-oriented modeling. The combination of these methods makes it possible to use a component-oriented architecture. Its use will allow for quick modelling of software systems that implement the solution of the simulation problem, depending on the design of the device being developed.

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Ebrahimpoor, Mitra, Pietro Spitali, Kristina Hettne, Roula Tsonaka, and Jelle Goeman. "Simultaneous Enrichment Analysis of all Possible Gene-sets: Unifying Self-Contained and Competitive Methods." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 4 (July 9, 2019): 1302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz074.

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Abstract Studying sets of genomic features is increasingly popular in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics since analyzing at set level not only creates a natural connection to biological knowledge but also offers more statistical power. Currently, there are two gene-set testing approaches, self-contained and competitive, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages, but neither offers the final solution. We introduce simultaneous enrichment analysis (SEA), a new approach for analysis of feature sets in genomics and other omics based on a new unified null hypothesis, which includes the self-contained and competitive null hypotheses as special cases. We employ closed testing using Simes tests to test this new hypothesis. For every feature set, the proportion of active features is estimated, and a confidence bound is provided. Also, for every unified null hypotheses, a $P$-value is calculated, which is adjusted for family-wise error rate. SEA does not need to assume that the features are independent. Moreover, users are allowed to choose the feature set(s) of interest after observing the data. We develop a novel pipeline and apply it on RNA-seq data of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, showcasing the flexibility of the method. Finally, the power properties of the method are evaluated through simulation studies.

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Kobayashi, Yoshinori. "Positron Chemistry in Polymers." Defect and Diffusion Forum 331 (September 2012): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.331.253.

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Positron chemistry refers to chemical processes of high-energy positrons injected into molecular substances, the most interesting of which is the formation of positronium (Ps), the hydrogen-like bound state between a positron and an electron. Ps is formed predominantly by fast intra-track radiation chemical processes. In polymers it tends to be localized in intra/inter-molecular open space in the sparsely packed amorphous structure. Whilst short-lived singletpara-positronium (p-Ps) undergoes self-annihilation, the positron in long-lived tripletortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilates with one of the spin opposite electrons bound in the surrounding polymer molecules. This process is called pick-off annihilation. The pick-off annihilation lifetime reflects the polymer chain packing through the size of the volume, where Ps is localized. Positrons are used to probe the amorphous structure of various polymeric systems. In this article, basic concepts and experimental techniques of positron chemistry in polymers as well as applications to the characterization of functional polymeric materials are overviewed.

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Norton, Michael. "DESIGNED SELF-ORGANIZATION FOR MOLECULAR OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 02 (June 2007): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407004527.

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The convergence of terahertz spectroscopy and single molecule experimentation offers significant promise of enhancement in sensitivity and selectivity in molecular recognition, identification and quantitation germane to military and security applications. This paper provides a brief overview of the constraints set by single molecule recognition systems and reports the results of experiments which address fundamental barriers to the integration of large, patterned bio-compatible molecular opto-electronic systems with silicon based microelectronic systems. Central to this thrust is an approach involving sequential epitaxy on surface bound single stranded DNA one-dimensional substrates. The challenge of producing highly structured macromolecular substrates, which are necessary in order to implement molecular nanolithography, has been addressed experimentally by combining “designer” synthetic DNA with biosynthetically derived plasmid components. By design, these one dimensional templates are composed of domains which contain sites which are recognized, and therefore addressable by either complementary DNA sequences and/or selected enzymes. Such design is necessary in order to access the nominal 2 nm linewidth potential resolution of nanolithography on these one-dimensional substrates. The recognition and binding properties of DNA ensure that the lithographic process is intrinsically self-organizing, and therefore self-aligning, a necessity for assembly processes at the requisite resolution. Another requirement of this molecular epitaxy approach is that the substrate must be immobilized. The challenge of robust surface immobilization is being addressed via the production of the equivalent of molecular tube sockets. In this application, multi-valent core-shell fluorescent quantum dots provide a mechanism to prepare surface attachment sites with a pre-determined 1:1 attachment site : substrate (DNA) molecule ratio.

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Talantsev, Evgueni. "DC Self-Field Critical Current in Superconductor/Dirac-Cone Material/Superconductor Junctions." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111554.

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Recently, several research groups have reported on anomalous enhancement of the self-field critical currents, Ic(sf,T), at low temperatures in superconductor/Dirac-cone material/superconductor (S/DCM/S) junctions. Some papers attributed the enhancement to the low-energy Andreev bound states arising from winding of the electronic wave function around DCM. In this paper, Ic(sf,T) in S/DCM/S junctions have been analyzed by two approaches: modified Ambegaokar-Baratoff and ballistic Titov-Beenakker models. It is shown that the ballistic model, which is traditionally considered to be a basic model to describe Ic(sf,T) in S/DCM/S junctions, is an inadequate tool to analyze experimental data from these type of junctions, while Ambegaokar-Baratoff model, which is generally considered to be a model for Ic(sf,T) in superconductor/insulator/superconductor junctions, provides good experimental data description. Thus, there is a need to develop a new model for self-field critical currents in S/DCM/S systems.

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Lee, Ciarán M., and Matty J. Hoban. "Bounds on the power of proofs and advice in general physical theories." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2190 (June 2016): 20160076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0076.

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Quantum theory presents us with the tools for computational and communication advantages over classical theory. One approach to uncovering the source of these advantages is to determine how computation and communication power vary as quantum theory is replaced by other operationally defined theories from a broad framework of such theories. Such investigations may reveal some of the key physical features required for powerful computation and communication. In this paper, we investigate how simple physical principles bound the power of two different computational paradigms which combine computation and communication in a non-trivial fashion: computation with advice and interactive proof systems. We show that the existence of non-trivial dynamics in a theory implies a bound on the power of computation with advice. Moreover, we provide an explicit example of a theory with no non-trivial dynamics in which the power of computation with advice is unbounded. Finally, we show that the power of simple interactive proof systems in theories where local measurements suffice for tomography is non-trivially bounded. This result provides a proof that Q M A is contained in P P , which does not make use of any uniquely quantum structure—such as the fact that observables correspond to self-adjoint operators—and thus may be of independent interest.

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Zhang, Mengshi, Jian Huang, and Yu Cao. "Adaptive Super-Twisting Control for Mobile Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122508.

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Recently, the mobile wheeled inverted pendulum (MWIP) has gained an increasing interest in the field of robotics due to traffic and environmental protection problems. However, the MWIP system is characterized by its nonlinearity, underactuation, time-varying parameters, and natural instability, which make its modeling and control challenging. Traditionally, sliding mode control is a typical method for such systems, but it has the main shortcoming of a “chattering” phenomenon. To solve this problem, a super-twisting algorithm (STA)-based controller is proposed for the self-balancing and velocity tracking control of the MWIP system. Since the STA is essentially a second-order sliding mode control, it not only contains the merits of sliding mode control (SMC) in dealing with the uncertainties and disturbances but can also be effective in chattering elimination. Based on the STA, we develop an adaptive gain that helps to learn the upper bound of the disturbance by applying an adaptive law, called an adaptive super-twisting control algorithm (ASTA). The stability of the closed-loop system is ensured according to the Lyapunov theorem. Both nominal experiments and experiments with uncertainties are conducted to verify the superior performance of the proposed method.

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Liu, Zhenzhen, Mengmeng Sun, Jilin Liu, Tao Liu, Qing Ye, Yingjun Li, and Nan Peng. "A CRISPR-associated factor Csa3a regulates DNA damage repair in Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 9681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa694.

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Abstract CRISPR−Cas system provides acquired immunity against invasive genetic elements in prokaryotes. In both bacteria and archaea, transcriptional factors play important roles in regulation of CRISPR adaptation and interference. In the model Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus, a CRISPR-associated factor Csa3a triggers CRISPR adaptation and activates CRISPR RNA transcription for the immunity. However, regulation of DNA repair systems for repairing the genomic DNA damages caused by the CRISPR self-immunity is less understood. Here, according to the transcriptome and reporter gene data, we found that deletion of the csa3a gene down-regulated the DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including the ups and ced genes. Furthermore, in vitro analyses demonstrated that Csa3a specifically bound the DDR gene promoters. Microscopic analysis showed that deletion of csa3a significantly inhibited DNA damage-induced cell aggregation. Moreover, the flow cytometry study and survival rate analysis revealed that the csa3a deletion strain was more sensitive to the DNA-damaging reagent. Importantly, CRISPR self-targeting and DNA transfer experiments revealed that Csa3a was involved in regulating Ups- and Ced-mediated repair of CRISPR-damaged host genomic DNA. These results explain the interplay between Csa3a functions in activating CRISPR adaptation and DNA repair systems, and expands our understanding of the lost link between CRISPR self-immunity and genome stability.

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khalid, Roshi, Moafia Nader, and Afifa Khanam. "A Self-Determination Theory on Effect of Teacher Autonomy Support on Students Motivation in Public School of Pakistan." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).14.

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Self Determination Theory conjectures that teacher autonomy support propels motivation in education and educational achievements; however, the question of socially different conversations within SDT questions significance of TAS in schools and classrooms located in Asia. In a quasi-experimental study, 101 Grade-5 students, of a public school in Pakistan, were taken as the population for the present study, who underwent the pretest and posttests. The tests consisted of intervention for seven sessions by an expert language teacher. The data was cumulated to find the results from pretest, posttest1, and posttest2 by using intrinsic motivation inventory, a self-regulation questionnaire, and a learning climate questionnaire to find out the level of interest in the students during this study. The results proved that the SDT is not a socially bound worth and is comparatively appropriate for Pakistani educational systems as well.

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Pohl, Christian, and Ivan Dikic. "Cellular quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy." Science 366, no. 6467 (November 14, 2019): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3769.

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To achieve homeostasis, cells evolved dynamic and self-regulating quality control processes to adapt to new environmental conditions and to prevent prolonged damage. We discuss the importance of two major quality control systems responsible for degradation of proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. The UPS and autophagy form an interconnected quality control network where decision-making is self-organized on the basis of biophysical parameters (binding affinities, local concentrations, and avidity) and compartmentalization (through membranes, liquid-liquid phase separation, or the formation of aggregates). We highlight cellular quality control factors that delineate their differential deployment toward macromolecular complexes, liquid-liquid phase-separated subcellular structures, or membrane-bound organelles. Finally, we emphasize the need for continuous promotion of quantitative and mechanistic research into the roles of the UPS and autophagy in human pathophysiology.

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WU, Ge, Bo GAO, and Xiao-jian TIAN. "Study on the influences of system parameters on bound self-similar pulse pairs in a passively mode-locked fiber laser." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 20 (December 2013): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(13)60204-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-bound systems'

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