Academic literature on the topic 'Self-assembly - Misfolded Protein'

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Journal articles on the topic "Self-assembly - Misfolded Protein"

1

Krasnoslobodtsev, A., B.-H. Kim, and Y. Lyubchenko. "Nanoimaging for Protein Misfolding Diseases. Critical Role of Misfolded Dimers in the Amyloid Self-Assembly." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, S2 (July 2011): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611001723.

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2

Pinotsi, Dorothea, Claire H. Michel, Alexander K. Buell, Romain F. Laine, Pierre Mahou, Christopher M. Dobson, Clemens F. Kaminski, and Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle. "Nanoscopic insights into seeding mechanisms and toxicity of α-synuclein species in neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 14 (March 18, 2016): 3815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516546113.

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New strategies for visualizing self-assembly processes at the nanoscale give deep insights into the molecular origins of disease. An example is the self-assembly of misfolded proteins into amyloid fibrils, which is related to a range of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Here, we probe the links between the mechanism of α-synuclein (AS) aggregation and its associated toxicity by using optical nanoscopy directly in a neuronal cell culture model of Parkinson’s disease. Using superresolution microscopy, we show that protein fibrils are taken up by neuronal cells and act as prion-like seeds for elongation reactions that both consume endogenous AS and suppress its de novo aggregation. When AS is internalized in its monomeric form, however, it nucleates and triggers the aggregation of endogenous AS, leading to apoptosis, although there are no detectable cross-reactions between externally added and endogenous protein species. Monomer-induced apoptosis can be reduced by pretreatment with seed fibrils, suggesting that partial consumption of the externally added or excess soluble AS can be significantly neuroprotective.
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Barreca, Maria, Nunzio Iraci, Silvia Biggi, Violetta Cecchetti, and Emiliano Biasini. "Pharmacological Agents Targeting the Cellular Prion Protein." Pathogens 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7010027.

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Prion diseases are associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), a glycoprotein expressed at the surface of a wide variety of cell types, into a misfolded conformer (the scrapie form of PrP, or PrPSc) that accumulates in brain tissues of affected individuals. PrPSc is a self-catalytic protein assembly capable of recruiting native conformers of PrPC, and causing their rearrangement into new PrPSc molecules. Several previous attempts to identify therapeutic agents against prion diseases have targeted PrPSc, and a number of compounds have shown potent anti-prion effects in experimental models. Unfortunately, so far, none of these molecules has successfully been translated into effective therapies for prion diseases. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that PrPSc might be a difficult pharmacological target because of its poorly defined structure, heterogeneous composition, and ability to generate different structural conformers (known as prion strains) that can elude pharmacological intervention. In the last decade, a less intuitive strategy to overcome all these problems has emerged: targeting PrPC, the common substrate of any prion strain replication. This alternative approach possesses several technical and theoretical advantages, including the possibility of providing therapeutic effects also for other neurodegenerative disorders, based on recent observations indicating a role for PrPC in delivering neurotoxic signals of different misfolded proteins. Here, we provide an overview of compounds claimed to exert anti-prion effects by directly binding to PrPC, discussing pharmacological properties and therapeutic potentials of each chemical class.
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Adsi, Hanaa, Shon A. Levkovich, Elvira Haimov, Topaz Kreiser, Massimiliano Meli, Hamutal Engel, Luba Simhaev, et al. "Chemical Chaperones Modulate the Formation of Metabolite Assemblies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179172.

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The formation of amyloid-like structures by metabolites is associated with several inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). These structures display most of the biological, chemical and physical properties of protein amyloids. However, the molecular interactions underlying the assembly remain elusive, and so far, no modulating therapeutic agents are available for clinical use. Chemical chaperones are known to inhibit protein and peptide amyloid formation and stabilize misfolded enzymes. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of the inhibitory effect of osmolytes and hydrophobic chemical chaperones on metabolite assemblies, thus extending their functional repertoire. We applied a combined in vivo-in vitro-in silico approach and show their ability to inhibit metabolite amyloid-induced toxicity and reduce cellular amyloid content in yeast. We further used various biophysical techniques demonstrating direct inhibition of adenine self-assembly and alteration of fibril morphology by chemical chaperones. Using a scaffold-based approach, we analyzed the physiochemical properties of various dimethyl sulfoxide derivatives and their role in inhibiting metabolite self-assembly. Lastly, we employed whole-atom molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the role of hydrogen bonds in osmolyte inhibition. Our results imply a dual mode of action of chemical chaperones as IEMs therapeutics, that could be implemented in the rational design of novel lead-like molecules.
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Sharma, Vandna, and Kalyan Sundar Ghosh. "Inhibition of Amyloid Fibrillation by Small Molecules and Nanomaterials: Strategic Development of Pharmaceuticals Against Amyloidosis." Protein & Peptide Letters 26, no. 5 (May 29, 2019): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666190307164944.

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Amyloid fibrils are a special class of self-assembled protein molecules, which exhibit various toxic effects in cells. Different physiological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, etc. happen due to amyloid formation and lack of proper cellular mechanism for the removal of fibrils. Therefore, inhibition of amyloid fibrillation will find immense applications to combat the diseases associated with amyloidosis. The development of therapeutics against amyloidosis is definitely challenging and numerous strategies have been followed to find out anti-amyloidogenic molecules. Inhibition of amyloid aggregation of proteins can be achieved either by stabilizing the native conformation or by decreasing the chances of assembly formation by the unfolded/misfolded structures. Various small molecules such as naturally occurring polyphenols, flavonoids, small organic molecules, surfactants, dyes, chaperones, etc. have demonstrated their capability to interrupt the amyloid fibrillation of proteins. In addition to that, in last few years, different nanomaterials were evolved as effective therapeutic inhibitors against amyloidosis. Aromatic and hydrophobic interactions between the partially unfolded protein molecules and the inhibitors had been pointed as a general mechanism for inhibition. In this review article, we are presenting an overview on the inhibition of amyloidosis by using different small molecules (both natural and synthetic origin) as well as nanomaterials for development of pharmaceutical strategies against amyloid diseases.
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6

Knowles, Tuomas P. J., Duncan A. White, Christopher M. Dobson, and Mark E. Welland. "Quantitative approaches for characterising fibrillar protein nanostructures." MRS Proceedings 1274 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1274-qq04-05.

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AbstractPolypeptide sequences have an inherent tendency to self-assemble into filamentous nanostructures commonly known as amyloid fibrils. Such self-assembly is used in nature to generate a variety of functional materials ranging from protective coatings in bacteria to catalytic scaffolds in mammals. The aberrant self-assembly of misfolded peptides and proteins is also, however, implicated in a range of disease states including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is increasingly evident that the intrinsic material properties of these structures are crucial for understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of the pathological deposition of proteins, particularly as the mechanical fragmentation of aggregates enhances the rate of protein deposition by exposing new fibril ends which can promote further growth. We discuss here recent advances in physical techniques that are able to characterise the hierarchical self-assembly of misfolded protein molecules and define their properties.
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7

Kusmierczyk, Andrew R., and Mark Hochstrasser. "Some assembly required: dedicated chaperones in eukaryotic proteasome biogenesis." Biological Chemistry 389, no. 9 (September 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2008.130.

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Abstract The 26S proteasome is the key eukaryotic protease responsible for the degradation of intracellular proteins. Protein degradation by the 26S proteasome plays important roles in numerous cellular processes, including the cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and the removal of damaged or misfolded proteins. How this 2.5-MDa complex, composed of at least 32 different polypeptides, is assembled in the first place is not well understood. However, it has become evident that this complicated task is facilitated by a framework of protein factors that chaperone the nascent proteasome through its various stages of assembly. We review here the known proteasome-specific assembly factors, most only recently discovered, and describe their potential roles in proteasome assembly, with an emphasis on the many remaining unanswered questions about this intricate process of assisted self-assembly.
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8

Zhang, Yuqi, Yanyan Zhu, Haiyan Yue, Qingjie Zhao, and Huiyu Li. "Exploring the misfolding and self-assembly mechanism of TTR (105–115) peptides by all-atom molecular dynamics simulation." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 9 (August 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.982276.

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Pathological aggregation of essentially dissociative Transthyretin (TTR) monomers protein, driven by misfolded and self-interaction, is connected with Amyloid Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) disease. The TTR monomers protein contains several fragments that tend to self-aggregate, such as residue 105–115 sequence [TTR (105–115)]. However, the misfolding and aggregation mechanisms of TTR are still unknown. In this study, we explored the misfolding and self-assembly of TTR (105–115) peptides by all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. Our results indicated that the conformation of the two-peptides appears unstable. In the tetramerization and hexamerization simulations, the results are reversed. When the number of peptides increases, the probability and the length of β-Sheet contents increase. Our results show that that the four- and six-peptides both can form β-Barrel intermediates and then aggregate into fibers. The critical nucleation for the formation of fibril should be larger than four-peptides. The interactions between hydrophobic residues I107-L111 play an important role in the formation of stable fibrils at an early stage. Our results on the structural ensembles and early aggregation dynamics of TTR (105–115) will be useful to comprehend the nucleation and fibrillization of TTR (105–115).
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9

Igel, Angélique, Basile Fornara, Human Rezaei, and Vincent Béringue. "Prion assemblies: structural heterogeneity, mechanisms of formation, and role in species barrier." Cell and Tissue Research, November 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03700-2.

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AbstractPrions are proteinaceous pathogens responsible for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases in animal and human. Prions are formed from misfolded, ß-sheet rich, and aggregated conformers (PrPSc) of the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC). Prion replication stems from the capacity of PrPSc to self-replicate by templating PrPC conversion and polymerization. The question then arises about the molecular mechanisms of prion replication, host invasion, and capacity to contaminate other species. Studying these mechanisms has gained in recent years further complexity with evidence that PrPSc is a pleiomorphic protein. There is indeed compelling evidence for PrPSc structural heterogeneity at different scales: (i) within prion susceptible host populations with the existence of different strains with specific biological features due to different PrPSc conformers, (ii) within a single infected host with the co-propagation of different strains, and (iii) within a single strain with evidence for co-propagation of PrPSc assemblies differing in their secondary to quaternary structure. This review summarizes current knowledge of prion assembly heterogeneity, potential mechanisms of formation during the replication process, and importance when crossing the species barrier.
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10

Igel-Egalon, Angélique, Florent Laferrière, Mohammed Moudjou, Jan Bohl, Mathieu Mezache, Tina Knäpple, Laetitia Herzog, et al. "Early stage prion assembly involves two subpopulations with different quaternary structures and a secondary templating pathway." Communications Biology 2, no. 1 (October 4, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0608-y.

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Abstract The dynamics of aggregation and structural diversification of misfolded, host-encoded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. In many of these disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases, the misfolded proteins are self-organized into conformationally distinct assemblies or strains. The existence of intrastrain structural heterogeneity is increasingly recognized. However, the underlying processes of emergence and coevolution of structurally distinct assemblies are not mechanistically understood. Here, we show that early prion replication generates two subsets of structurally different assemblies by two sequential processes of formation, regardless of the strain considered. The first process corresponds to a quaternary structural convergence, by reducing the parental strain polydispersity to generate small oligomers. The second process transforms these oligomers into larger ones, by a secondary autocatalytic templating pathway requiring the prion protein. This pathway provides mechanistic insights into prion structural diversification, a key determinant for prion adaptation and toxicity.
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