Journal articles: 'Selenium-Enriched yeast'

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ANIZOBA, N. W., N. E. IKEH, C. EZENWOSU, F. U. UDEH, and N. S. MACHEBE. "Effect of dietary organic selenium on growth performance, antioxidant status and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken reared in the tropics." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 94, no. 6 (June 13, 2024): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v94i6.144852.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary organic selenium inclusion on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, selenium retention and carcass characteristics in broiler chicken. Day-old broiler birds (160) were distributed randomly into four equal groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) comprising of four replicated pens with ten birds in each. Different treatment groups of birds were designated as T1 (Basal diet without selenium-enriched yeast), T2 (Basal diet with 0.50 mg/kg selenium enriched yeast), T3 (Basal diet with 1.00 mg/kg\ selenium enriched yeast) and T4 (Basal diet with 1.50 mg/kg selenium enriched yeast) for 56 days. The results revealed that final body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly enhanced for birds in T2 at both stages than other groups. T4 group showed highest glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and selenium concentration with lower malondialdehyde concentration compared to birds receiving other treatments. Carcass traits such as live weight and dressed weight significantly improved in T2 whereas relative weights and lengths of organs increased as level of organic selenium increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that adding 1.50 mg/kg selenium yeast enhanced growth, oxidative status, selenium deposition, carcass and organ traits without having a negative impact on the birds’ physiological state.

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Yoshinaga, Masafumi, Stephanie How, Damien Blanco, Ian Murdoch, Matteo Grudny, Samantha Powers, Nelson Molina, Barry Rosen, and Aaron Welch. "Directed Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Increased Selenium Accumulation." Microorganisms 6, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030081.

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Selenium-enriched yeast (selenium yeast) are one of the most popular sources of selenium supplementation used in the agriculture and human nutritional supplements industries. To enhance the production efficiency of selenium yeast, we sought to develop a method to identify, and ultimately select for, strains of yeast with enhanced selenium accumulation capabilities. Selenite resistance of four genetically diverse strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was assayed in various conditions, including varying carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and phosphate amounts, and they were correlated with selenium accumulation in a commercially relevant selenium-containing growth medium. Glycerol- and selenite-containing media was used to select for six yeast isolates with enhanced selenite resistance. One isolate was found to accumulate 10-fold greater selenium (0.13 to 1.4 mg Se g−1 yeast) than its parental strain. Glycerol- and selenium-containing medium can be used to select for strains of yeast with enhanced selenium accumulation capability. The methods identified can lead to isolation of industrial yeast strains with enhanced selenium accumulation capabilities that can result in greater cost efficiency of selenium yeast production. Additionally, the selection method does not involve the construction of transgenic yeast, and thus produces yeasts suitable for use in human food and nutrient supplements.

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Li, Benjiao, Song Li, Binrong Ma, Yong Jing, Zheming Zhang, Zhijia Li, and Dequan Zeng. "Research progress on the safety evaluation of selenium enriched yeast." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504011.

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Selenium-enriched yeast has the physiological functions of improving immunity, anti-oxidation, liver protection, lipid-lowering and anti-cancer. Currently, it is widely used as an organic selenium supplement to prevent diseases of livestock and poultry and aquatic animals, and increase the rate of littering and egg production rate of poultry, reduce the mortality of fish and other aquatic animals, and promote the growth of livestock and poultry. This article reviews the acute toxicity, genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of selenium-enriched yeast, in order to provide a reference for the safe application of selenium-enriched yeast.

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Xiaoguang, Ge, Wang Dahui, Wei Gongyuan, Nie Min, and Shao Na. "Improvement of Physiological Characteristic of Selenium-Enriched Candida utilis with Amino Acids Addition." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (September 19, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/238456.

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The effects of amino acids addition on cell growth, glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione distribution, and the intracellular oxidation-reduction environment of Candida utilis SZU 07-01 during selenium enrichment were investigated in this study. Most amino acids under appropriate concentrations have positive effects on cell growth of the yeast strain, except for phenylalanine and proline, compared with the control without amino acid addition. The bioconversion of selenite to organic selenium induced the reduction of glutathione synthesis and intracellular distribution of glutathione. However, amino acids including cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, and tyrosine could effectively promote the selenium-enriched yeast to elevate glutathione production, especially increasing the intracellular glutathione content. Moreover, addition of these six different amino acids apparently decreased malondialdehyde concentration and recovered the normal intracellular redox environment of the selenium-enriched C. utilis SZU 07-01. The improvement of physiological characteristic of the selenium-enriched yeast by increasing intracellular glutathione content and lowering malondialdehyde content will undoubtedly help to widen application of selenium-enriched yeast as food or feed additives.

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Esmaeili, Saeideh, and Kianoush Khosravi-Darani. "Selenium-Enriched Yeast: As Selenium Source for Nutritional Purpose." Current Nutrition & Food Science 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340131001140328115753.

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Oliveira, A. F., J. Landero, K. Kubachka, A. R. A. Nogueira, M. A. Zanetti, and J. Caruso. "Development and application of a selenium speciation method in cattle feed and beef samples using HPLC-ICP-MS: evaluating the selenium metabolic process in cattle." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 4 (2016): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00330j.

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Kieliszek, Marek, Anna Maria Kot, Kamil Piwowarek, and Stanisław Błażejak. "Accumulation of Selenium in Candida utilis Growing in Media of Increasing Concentration of this Element." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041439.

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Selenium is considered an essential component of all living organisms. Studies on the enrichment of yeast cells with selenium, using the ability of cell biomass to bind this element, are being reported more and more. Yeast cultures were cultivated in YPD medium enriched with Na2SeO3 salts for 72 h at 28 °C on a shaker utilizing reciprocating motion. Selenium in cell biomass was determined with the use of ICP–MS. It was observed that the addition of selenium to the experimental medium (in the range of 4–100 mg/L) increased the content of this element in the yeast cell biomass. During the extension of cultivation time, the number of yeast cells and biomass yield exhibited a decreasing trend. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that yeast cells exhibited the ability to accumulate selenium in both logarithmic and stationary growth phases. The dose of 20 and 30 mg/L of selenium in the culture medium meets the expectations in terms of both the content of selenium bound to yeast cells (1944 ± 110.8 μg/g dry weight) under 48-h cultivation. The obtained results confirmed that the Candida utilis ATCC 9950 strain exhibits the ability to bind selenium, which means that the biomass of these yeasts may be used as a natural source of selenium in the diet of humans and animals.

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Ševčíková, S., M. Skřivan, G. Dlouhá, and M. Koucký. "The effect of selenium source on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 10 (December 5, 2011): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3964-cjas.

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The effect of dietary supplementation of selenium in an organic form on performance, carcass traits and selenium content in tissues of broiler cockerels Ross 308 was studied. The soya-wheat-maize diet contained 50 mg vitamin E/kg. The experiment was conducted on 810 straight-run broiler cockerels randomly divided into 3 groups: group I – control, without selenium supplement; experimental group: II – 0.3 mg Se/kg, Se-enriched yeast was applied as a Se source; III – 0.3 mg Se/kg, Se-enriched alga Chlorella as a Se source. The broiler chickens were slaughtered at 42 days of age. In performance traits higher (P ≤ 0.05) live weight of broiler chickens was recorded in the experimental groups (II – 2 430.6 g and III – 2 425.2 g). There were no significant differences between the groups in feed conversion and mortality. Se-enriched alga had the best feed conversion, and selenium supplementation slightly increased mortality in both experimental groups. No significant differences between the groups were found out in carcass traits and dressing percentage. The content of selenium in breast and thigh muscle, feathers and excrements increased (P ≤ 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to the control group. Higher values in breast and thigh muscle and in feathers were measured in the group supplemented with selenium from Se-enriched yeast, also in comparison with the group supplemented with selenium from Se-enriched alga Chlorella. The broiler chickens receiving Chlorella had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) selenium content in excrements compared to the group with Se-enriched yeast. The selenium concentration in liver was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to the control. The supplement of selenium from Se-yeast and Chlorella in the diet for broiler chickens increased the microelement concentration in muscle.    

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Svoboda, Martin, Zdeněk Fajt, Tomáš Baňoch, Josef Drábek, and Alena Saláková. "The Use of Selenium Enriched Enterococcus faecium as an Alternative Selenium Source for Growing-finishing Pigs." Acta Veterinaria Brno 79, no. 4 (2010): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079040511.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the feeding of selenium enriched Enterococcus faecium on selenium concentrations in muscle tissue and on meat quality indicators in finishing pigs. Groups of pigs fed Se-enriched E. faecium (n = 12), sodium selenite (n = 12) and Se-enriched yeast (n = 12) were used in the study. The tested feed mixtures were fed for a period of 3 months before the pigs were slaughtered. The selenium concentrations in muscle tissue achieved by the use of Se-enriched E. faecium were comparable to those achieved in sodium selenite diets and lower (p ≤ 0.05) compared to Se-enriched yeast. Concentration of Se in serum and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities did not differ in animals fed different Se forms. No differences in indices of meat quality were found among the groups. Se-enriched E. faecium bacteria can be recommended as an alternative selenium source for finisher pigs with the similar efficacy as sodium selenite.

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Kieliszek, Marek, Adam Waśko, Katarzyna Michalak, Anna M. Kot, Kamil Piwowarek, and Stanisław Winiarczyk. "Effect of selenium and methods of protein extraction on the proteomic profile of Saccharomyces yeast." Open Life Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0496.

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Abstract Selenium may influence the biosynthesis of individual proteins in the yeast cell cytosol. In this study, we used two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis to identify proteins that are differentially expressed by the enrichment of selenium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. We chose eight protein fractions for further proteomic analysis. A detailed analysis was performed using the Ultraflextreme matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which enables fast and accurate measurement of the molecular weight of the analysed proteins. This study, for the first time, provides evidence that selenium-enriched yeast contains higher levels of mitochondria malate dehydrogenase, adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent RNA helicase dbp3, and tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase, and alanyl-tRNA editing protein AlaX than yeast without the addition of selenium. It should be emphasised that the proteomic variability obtained reflects the high biological and complexity of yeast metabolism under control and selenium-enriched conditions and can be properly used in the future as a model for further research aimed at determining the expression of appropriate metabolic genes.

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Li, Xiao, Ling Shi, Panshu Song, Wei Cai, Ximing Luo, and Bo Zhao. "Certification of New Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Supplement Reference Materials for Selenomethionine Using Two Independent Measurement Strategies." Molecules 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010235.

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Selenium-enriched yeast possesses the unique ability of transforming chemical selenium, such as sodium selenite, into a biologically active form, which mitigates its toxic effects on the human body. The transformation product of this process, selenomethionine, can be safely and effectively absorbed and utilized by the human body; hence, it has been spiked into a selenium-enriched supplement. This study employs two distinct measurement strategies to determine the selenomethionine content in two candidate reference materials, a selenium-enriched yeast powder and supplement, using both organic and inorganic mass spectrometry. The concentrations of selenomethionine in the selenium-enriched yeast were determined using HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC- ESI-MS/MS, with mass fractions measured at 718 mg SeMet kg−1 and 715 mg SeMet kg−1, respectively. Notably, both methods yielded consistent results for the selenium supplement, with a selenomethionine mass fraction of 59 mg SeMet kg−1. Ultimately, the certified values of these candidate reference materials were determined as 716 mg kg−1 and 59 mg SeMet kg−1 with expanded uncertainties of 36 mg SeMet kg−1 (k = 2) and 5 mg SeMet kg−1 (k = 2), respectively. The development of these candidate reference materials serves as a valuable reference for diverse methods aiming to determine the value of organic selenium speciation in complex food substrates.

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Faixová, Z., Š. Faix, R. Bořutová, and Ľ. Leng. "Efficacy of Dietary Selenium to Counteract Toxicity of Deoxynivalenol in Growing Broiler Chickens." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 3 (2007): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776030349.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deoxynivalenol on plasma indicators and efficacy of dietary selenium to counteract toxicity of deoxynivalenol in growing broiler chicks. Three groups of broilers were formed with 14 birds in each group. Three diets included control (0.2 ppm deoxynivalenol, 0.4 mg selenium/kg diet), deoxynivalenol-contaminated (3 ppm deoxynivalenol, 0.4 mg selenium/kg diet) and deoxynivalenol-contaminated (3 ppm deoxynivalenol) plus selenium-enriched yeast (1.4 mg selenium/kg diet). After 6 weeks of feeding all birds were sacrifi ced and blood samples for chemical analyses were collected. Plasma calcium, chloride and alanine aminotransferase activity were signifi cantly elevated and magnesium, total proteins, triglycerides and free glycerol were decreased in chicks fed deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet compared with those fed the control diet. Supplementation of selenium-enriched yeast to the diet reversed plasma levels of calcium, magnesium and alanine aminotransferase activity in chicks induced by dietary deoxynivalenol. Phosphorus, albumin and cholesterol levels and alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were not affected by diets. The inclusion of selenium to DON-contaminated diet, however, did not completely alleviate toxic effect on protein and lipid metabolism by the liver. Supplementation of selenium-enriched yeast product counteracted most of the plasma indicator alterations caused by deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet in chicks.

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Stabnikova, Olena, Volodymyr Ivanov, Irina Larionova, Viktor Stabnikov, Malgorzata A. Bryszewska, and John Lewis. "Ukrainian dietary bakery product with selenium-enriched yeast." LWT - Food Science and Technology 41, no. 5 (June 2008): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.05.021.

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Kitajima, Toshihiko, and Yasunori Chiba. "Selenomethionine metabolism and its toxicity in yeast." BioMolecular Concepts 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2013-0033.

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AbstractThe importance of selenium for organisms can be explained by its existence as selenocysteine in the catalytic centers of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase. Another selenoamino acid, selenomethionine, is the major form of selenium in foods, and organisms that require selenium as a nutrient directly metabolize selenomethionine to a reactive form of selenium or store it in general proteins. Selenium is recognized as an essential nutrient for human and animal health; however, its excessive uptake harms mammals and the cytotoxic mechanism of selenium remains unclear. Recent progress in the development of selenium-enriched yeast and selenomethionine-resistant mutant to produce selenomethionine-containing proteins for X-ray crystallography has provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of selenomethionine toxicity. In this review, we describe the metabolism of seleno-compounds in yeast and discuss the cytotoxicity caused by selenomethionine against yeast from a metabolic viewpoint.

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Fairris, G. M., Barbara Lloyd, Lesley Hinks, Pauline J. Perkins, and Barbara E. Clayton. "The Effect of Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E in Psoriasis." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1989): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328902600113.

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Since reduced concentrations of selenium in whole blood, plasma and white cells had previously been observed in psoriasis, 69 patients were supplemented daily with either 600 μg of selenium-enriched yeast, 600 μg of selenium-enriched yeast plus 600 IU of vitamin E or a placebo for 12 weeks. Before supplementation, the patients' mean concentrations of selenium in whole blood and plasma were reduced compared with those of matched healthy controls but their red cell glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was normal. After 12 weeks supplementation the patients' mean whole blood, plasma and platelet selenium concentrations, platelet GSH-Px activity and plasma vitamin E concentration had risen significantly from the baseline values but their mean skin selenium concentration and red cell GSH-Px activity remained unchanged. The mean white cell selenium concentration rose only in the group receiving selenium alone. Neither supplementation regimen reduced the severity of psoriasis or produced side-effects. The increase in platelet GSH-Px activity suggests that the supplements were bioavailable and that the patients' selenium status may have been reduced prior to supplementation. The failure of the selenium content of the skin to increase may explain why the patients' psoriasis remained unchanged during supplementation.

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Kieliszek, Marek, and Stanisław Błażejak. "Speciation Analysis of Selenium in Candida utilis Yeast Cells Using HPLC-ICP-MS and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS Techniques." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112050.

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Selenium plays a key role in the proper metabolism of living organisms. The search for new selenium compounds opens up new possibilities for understanding selenometabolome in yeast cells. This study was aimed at the identification of compounds containing selenium in the feed yeasts Candida utilis ATCC 9950. Yeast biomass was kept in aqueous solutions enriched with inorganic selenium (20 mg·L−1) for 24 h. Speciation analysis of the element was performed using the HPLC-ICP-MS and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS techniques. The obtained selenium value in the yeast was 629 μg·g−1, while the selenomethionine value was 31.57 μg·g−1. The UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS analysis conducted allowed for the identification of six selenium compounds: dehydro-selenomethionine-oxide, selenomethionine, selenomethionine-NH3, a Se-S conjugate of selenoglutathione-cysteine, methylthioselenoglutathione, and 2,3-DHP-selenocysteine-cysteine. In order to explain the structure of selenium compounds, the selected ions were subjected to fragmentation. The selenium compounds obtained with a low mass play a significant role in the metabolism of the compound. However, the bioavailability of such components and their properties have not been fully understood. The number of signals indicating the presence of selenium compounds obtained using the UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS method was characterized by higher sensitivity than when using the HPLC-ICP-MS method. The obtained results will expand upon knowledge about the biotransformation of selenium in eukaryotic yeast cells. Future research should focus on understanding the entire selenium metabolism in cells and on the search for new transformation pathways for this element. This opens up new possibilities for obtaining functional food, rich in easily absorbable selenium sources, and constituting an alternative to dietary supplements based on this compound found primarily in inorganic form.

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Ravn-Haren, Gitte, Susanne Bügel, Britta N. Krath, Tien Hoac, Jan Stagsted, Karina Jørgensen, June R. Bresson, Erik H. Larsen, and Lars O. Dragsted. "A short-term intervention trial with selenate, selenium-enriched yeast and selenium-enriched milk: effects on oxidative defence regulation." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (September 21, 2007): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507825153.

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Increased Se intakes have been associated with decreased risk of cancer and CVD. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including antioxidant effects through selenoproteins, induction of carcinogen metabolism and effects on the blood lipid profile. In a 4 × 1 week randomised, double-blind cross-over study, healthy young men supplemented their usual diet with selenate, Se-enriched yeast, Se-enriched milk or placebo (Se dose was 300 μg/d for selenate and Se-enriched yeast, and about 480 μg/d for Se-enriched milk) followed by 8-week washout periods. All Se sources increased serum Se levels after supplementation for 1 week. The effect of the organic forms did not differ significantly and both increased serum Se more than selenate. Conversely, thrombocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was increased in the periods where subjects were supplemented with selenate but not in those where they were given Se-enriched yeast or Se-enriched milk. We found no effect on plasma lipid resistance to oxidation, total cholesterol, TAG, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, GPX, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities measured in erythrocytes, GPX and GR activities determined in plasma, or GR and GST activities in thrombocytes. Leucocyte expression of genes encoding selenoproteins (GPX1, TrR1 and SelP), and of electrophile response element-regulated genes (GCLC, Fra1 and NQO1) were likewise unaffected at all time points following intervention. We conclude that thrombocyte GPX is specifically increased by short-term selenate supplementation, but not by short-term supplementation with organic Se. Short-term Se supplementation does not seem to affect blood lipid markers or expression and activity of selected enzymes and a transcription factor involved in glutathione-mediated detoxification and antioxidation.

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He, Ping, Mengmeng Zhang, Yizhe Zhang, Hui Wu, and Xiaoyuan Zhang. "Effects of Selenium Enrichment on Dough Fermentation Characteristics of Baker’s Yeast." Foods 12, no. 12 (June 11, 2023): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122343.

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In this research, the effect of selenium (Se) enrichment on dough fermentation characteristics of yeast and the possible mechanisms was investigated. Then, the Se-enriched yeast was used as starter to make Se-enriched bread, and the difference between Se-enriched bread and common bread was investigated. It was found Se enrichment increased CO2 production and sugar consumption rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in dough fermentation, and had positive impacts on final volume and rheological index of dough. The mechanism is possibly related to higher activity and protein expression of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDHC) in Se-enriched yeast. Moreover, Se-enriched bread (Se content: 11.29 μg/g) prepared by using Se-enriched yeast as starter exhibited higher overall acceptability on sensory, cell density in stomatal morphology, and better elasticity and cohesiveness on texture properties than common bread, which may be due to effect of higher CO2 production on dough quality. These results indicate Se-enriched yeast could be used as both Se-supplements and starter in baked-foods making.

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Wolter, B., M. Ellis, F. K. McKeith, K. D. Miller, and D. C. Mahan. "Influence of dietary selenium source on growth performance, and carcass and meat quality characteristics in pigs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-028.

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Inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (selenium-enriched yeast) dietary selenium sources were compared in a performance study using 48 growing–finishing pigs. There was no effect of selenium source on growth and meat-quality traits. The organic selenium source reduced backfat thickness at the last lumbar vertebra, but not at other positions, and increased loin-eye area. Key words: Meat quality, pigs, selenium source

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Zhong, Yuqing, Yan Jin, Qiuxiang Zhang, Bingyong Mao, Xin Tang, Jie Huang, Renmei Guo, Jianxin Zhao, Shumao Cui, and Wei Chen. "Comparison of Selenium-Enriched Lactobacillusparacasei, Selenium-Enriched Yeast, and Selenite for the Alleviation of DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2022): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122433.

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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been found to have decreased immune function. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is beneficial for human health, which has a significant stimulating effect on immune function. We compared the effects of different Se forms on the alleviation of colitis in DSS-induced mice. Moreover, we also aimed to determine whether Se-enriched Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM 1089 could be used as a new organic Se supplement. Different Se supplements (Se-enriched L. paracasei CCFM 1089, Se-enriched yeast and sodium selenite) were given to Se-deficient mice suffering from colitis. Se-enriched L. paracasei CCFM 1089, which is based on selenocysteine (SeCys), had similar effects in terms of reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors to Se-enriched yeast; however, selenase activity in the Se-enriched L. paracasei CCFM 1089-treated mice was higher than that in other treatment groups. In addition, Se-enriched L. paracasei CCFM 1089 could better protect the intestinal mucosa, which increased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) in mice. Thus Se-enriched L. paracasei CCFM 1089 was shown to alleviate IBD, suggesting that it has potential as a good organic Se supplement.

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Tóth, R. Juhászné, and J. Csapó. "The role of selenium in nutrition – A review." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Alimentaria 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausal-2018-0008.

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Abstract The role of selenium has been changed over the last decade. The element that was previously considered to be toxic turned out to be present in the human body in amounts of 10–15 mg, and almost every cell of our body contains it. Selenium contributes to growth, supports healthy muscle activity, reproductive organs, reduces the toxicity of certain elements such as mercury, supports the immune system, and even delays the spread of certain viruses (influenza, Ebola, HIV). Selenium-deficient areas of Europe could be a risk for their populations. The recommended daily intake (RDA) of selenium is 55 µg/day, while WHO and FAO have set up the daily tolerable dose at 400 µg/day. We must count with the harmful effects of selenium overdose, but it is almost impossible to introduce this amount into our body solely with food. Our selenium sources can be refilled with food supplements or selenium-enriched functional foods. In the review article, we report about the role of selenium in the environment, selenium-enriched plants, selenium-enriched yeast, the role of selenium in animal feed and in the human body, the opportunities of selenium restoration, selenium-enriched animal products, and the selenium content of milk.

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Svoboda, M., R. Ficek, and J. Drábek. "Efficacy of Organic Selenium from Se-Enriched Yeast on Selenium Transfer from Sows to Piglets." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 4 (2008): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877040515.

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The aim of the trial was to determine the efficacy of organic Se from Se-enriched yeast in placental transfer to piglets in the conditions of a Czech pig farm. In group I (n = 8) the sows were fed during gestation and lactation a diet supplemented with inorganic Se (sodium selenite, 0.3 mg/kg of Se for the gestation and 0.38 mg/kg of Se for the lactation diet). In group II (n = 8) the diet of the sows was supplemented with organic Se from Se-enriched yeast (0.3 mg/kg of Se for the gestation and 0.38 mg/kg of Se for the lactation diet). Se concentrations in the whole blood, colostrum and milk were higher (P < 0.01) in the group of sows fed with the organic Se form. No differences in GSH-Px activities in the whole blood were found between the two groups of sows. The concentrations of Se in piglet tissues (heart P < 0.05, liver P > 0.01, muscle P > 0.01) were also higher when the organic form was provided. It is concluded that the use of the organic Se from Se-enriched yeast in sows resulted in greater transfer of Se to their progeny, however it did not have a positive effect on the antioxidant system of the organism.

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Kim, Kyong-Mi, and Yong-Nam Pak. "Separation and identification of selenoproteins in selenium-enriched yeast." Analytical Science and Technology 26, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2013.26.6.357.

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Wrobel, Jagoda K., Melissa J. Seelbach, Lei Chen, Ronan F. Power, and Michal Toborek. "Supplementation with Selenium-Enriched Yeast Attenuates Brain Metastatic Growth." Nutrition and Cancer 65, no. 4 (May 2013): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.775315.

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Chassaigne, H., C. C. Chéry, G. Bordin, and A. R. Rodriguez. "Development of new analytical methods for selenium speciation in selenium-enriched yeast material." Journal of Chromatography A 976, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00945-7.

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Wu, Liu, Sun, Lin, Zhan, and Fu. "Preparation of Selenium-Enriched Yeast by Re-Using Discarded Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the Beer Industry for Se-Supplemented Fodder Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183777.

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Both inorganic and organic selenium (Se) can prevent and treat various diseases caused by Se deficiency. However, organic Se has less toxicity and a higher absorption rate than inorganic Se. In this study, inorganic Se (Na2SeO3) was bio-transformed into Se-enriched discarded beer yeast (Se-enriched DB-yeast) through fermentation accumulation by re-using discarded Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the beer industry for Se-enriched fodder application. Through a single-factor experiment and L9(34)-orthogonal test for optimization of fermentation conditions, the Se content and biomass of Se-enriched DB-yeast were calculated as 14.95 mg/L and 7.3 g/L, respectively, under the optimized condition. The total amino-acid content of Se-enriched DB-yeast was increased by 9.9% compared with that from DB yeast. Additionally, alkaline amino-acid content was increased, whereas acidic amino-acid and sulfur-containing amino-acid contents were decreased. Reducing capacity, hydroxyl radical removal capacity, and sulfhydryl content after treatment with H2O2 of the Se-enriched DB-yeast extracted protein were obviously increased compared with those of the DB-yeast extracted protein. Mouse and genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (GIFT) bioassays showed that the Se sedimentation of organs and serum indexes after feeding Se-enriched DB-yeast-containing fodder were higher than those of DB-yeast-containing fodder. The half lethal dose (LD50) of Se-enriched DB-yeast (9260.0 mg/kg body weight (BW), 18.97 mg/kg of Se content, non-toxic level) was considerably higher than that of Na2SeO3 (20.0 mg/kg BW, 5.08 mg/kg of Se content, highly toxic level) against mouse. Therefore, Se-enriched yeast prepared by re-using discarded S. cerevisiae from beer industry fermentation accumulation has the potential to be a safe and effective Se-enriched fodder additive.

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Hu, Ying, Graeme H. McIntosh, Richard K. Le Leu, and Graeme P. Young. "Selenium-enriched milk proteins and selenium yeast affect selenoprotein activity and expression differently in mouse colon." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 1 (March 29, 2010): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510000309.

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Certain forms of dietary Se may have an advantage in improving Se status and reducing cancer risk. The present study compared the effects of an Se-enriched milk protein product (dairy-Se) with an Se yeast (yeast-Se) on selenoprotein activity and expression in the mouse colon. Mice were fed four diets for 4 weeks: a control milk protein diet (Se at 0·068 parts per million (ppm)), dairy-Se diets with Se at 0·5 and 1 ppm, and a yeast-Se diet with Se at 1 ppm. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) activity, mRNA of selenoprotein P (SeP), GPx-1, gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase-2 (GPx-2) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) were examined in the mouse colon. Dairy-Se diets did not significantly affect GPx-1 mRNA and GPx-1 activity but produced a dose-dependent increase in SeP and GPx-2 mRNA, with a significantly higher level achieved at 1 ppm Se (P < 0·05). Yeast-Se at 1 ppm significantly increased GPx-1 mRNA and GPx-1 activity (P < 0·01) but not GPx-2 mRNA. Neither Se supplement had any effect on TrxR-1. The present study indicates that selenoprotein levels in the mouse colon are regulated differently depending on the Se supplement. As we have previously shown that dairy-Se at 1 ppm was protective against colorectal cancer (CRC) in an azoxymethane-induced CRC mouse model, this up-regulation of colonic GPx-2 and SeP with Se supplementation may be crucial to its chemopreventive action.

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Aremmt, Mohannad, T. Mohammed, and saad Alrawi. "Effect of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supported by Selenium and Zinc on Lipid Profile of Local Sheep Males." Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.1.10.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supported with zinc and selenium on the lipid profile. of Twenty-one Iraqi males sheep were used aged (1-1.5) years and the weight mean approximately (38±4) kg. experiment animals used divided randomly into three treated groups each group have 7 males. All males were fed on the same ration. The first group was considered as a control group without treatment (T1), the second group (T2) were given yeast enriched with zinc (Saccharomyces cerevisiae -zinc) with dosage (0.2 g/kg/bw), the third group (3) was given yeast enriched with selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-selenium) with dosage (0.03 g/kg/bw). The results showed significant (P≤0.05) differences control group compare with the other two-treated groups (T3 and T2) in triglyceride, LDL , VLDL and HDL . The results indicate to significant differences (P≤0.05) of (T2 and T3) compare with the control group by HDL . From the results concluded that there synergistic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with zinc and selenium as organic form (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-zinc/selenium) could be attributed to improved animal health.

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Hu, Ying, Graeme H. McIntosh, Richard K. Le Leu, Jane M. Upton, Richard J. Woodman, and Graeme P. Young. "The influence of selenium-enriched milk proteins and selenium yeast on plasma selenium levels and rectal selenoprotein gene expression in human subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 4 (March 30, 2011): 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511000420.

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Certain forms of dietary Se may have advantages for improving human Se status and regulating the risk for disease, such as cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study compared the effects of a Se-enriched milk protein (dairy-Se) with a Se-rich yeast (yeast-Se) on plasma Se levels and rectal selenoprotein gene expression since we reasoned that if these genes were not regulated, there was little potential for regulating the risk for CRC in this organ. A total of twenty-three healthy volunteers with plasma Se in the lower half of the population range were supplemented with dairy-Se (150 μg/d) or yeast-Se (150 μg/d) for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of washout period. Blood was sampled every 2 weeks, and rectal biopsies were obtained before and after Se supplementation and after the washout period. Plasma Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and rectal mRNA of selenoprotein P (SeP), cytosolic GPx-1 (GPx-1), gastrointestinal GPx-2 (GPx-2) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) were measured. Plasma Se levels increased rapidly in both Se groups (P < 0·001); plasma GPx activity was not significantly changed. RectalSePmRNA increased at 6 weeks compared with baseline in both Se groups (P < 0·05); only dairy-Se resulted in a sustained elevation ofSePafter the washout period (P < 0·05). RectalGPx-1andGPx-2mRNA were higher with dairy-Se (P < 0·05) than with yeast-Se at 6 weeks. In conclusion, three rectal selenoprotein mRNA were differentially regulated by dairy-Se and yeast-Se. Changes in rectal selenoproteins are not predicted by changes in plasma Se; dairy-Se effectively regulates the expression of several rectal selenoproteins of relevance to the risk for CRC.

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Savic, Milena, I. Anedjelkovic, Dunja Duvnjak, Danka Matijasevic, Aleksandra Avramovic, and M. Niksic. "The fungistatic activity of organic selenium and its application to the production of cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 4 (2012): 1455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1204455s.

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The activity of organic selenium against pathogenic molds and its use as a potential selenium source in the production of enriched mushrooms were examined. The effect of commercial selenized yeast on mycelia growth was examined using a method with mycelia disks and a well diffusion method. For mushroom enrichment, different concentrations of selenium were added to a growth substrate. The results presented in this paper suggest that the most suitable concentration of selenized yeast that inhibits the growth of the mycopathogenic molds is 70-100 mg/kg of selenium. With the addition of this concentration to the substrate, mushroom fruit bodies will uptake a high level of selenium, about 100 ?g/g for Pleurotus spp., and 200 ?g/g for Agaricus bisporus in dry weight of the mushroom. Thereby a double effect in the cultivation of mushrooms is achieved.

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Richards, C. J., H. M. Blalock, K. A. Jacques, and H. D. Loveday. "Efficacy of feeding selenium-enriched yeast to finishing beef cattle." Professional Animal Scientist 27, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30437-x.

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Toborek, Michal, Krystyna Magner-Wróbel, Marian Drózdz, Alojzy Danch, and Ewa Kopieczna-Grzebieniak. "Modulation of procainamide toxicity by selenium-enriched yeast in rats." Archives of Toxicology 67, no. 10 (December 1993): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01973693.

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Słupczyńska, Maja, Dorota Jamroz, Janusz Orda, Andrzej Wiliczkiewicz, and Barbara Król. "Long-Term Supplementation of Laying Hen Diets with Various Selenium Sources as a Method for the Fortification of Eggs with Selenium." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (November 13, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7986591.

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The following study focuses on a comparison of the effectiveness of egg content enrichment with selenium (Se) via application of sodium selenite (Na-selenite), selenium-enriched yeast (Se-Yeast), or selenomethionine (Se-Met) in laying hen diets. Two hundred sixteen laying hens were divided into four treatments, each comprising eighteen replications, and each with three hens per cage. Animals were fed a basal diet without Se supplementation (control: selenium content 0.058 mg/kg), with the addition of Na-selenite, Se-Yeast, or Se-Met in amounts equivalent to 0.3 mg/kg of added selenium. The egg quality, the selenium content in eggs after the third and the fifth months of using Se supplementation, and the selenium level in the liver were determined. Enrichment of egg content with selenium was the most effective (382 μg/kg) via application of dietary Se-Met. Application of Na-selenite and Se-Yeast led to a similar effect on Se-accretion in egg content (255.9 and 258.9 μg/kg, respectively). Additionally, the calculated average Se concentration in one fresh egg was also higher in eggs from hens that received selenium additives in their diet and was far higher, almost three times higher for Se-Met addition, than the concentrations in controls. Se-accretion in the liver wet tissue was greater following application of Se-Yeast in the diet than following other treatments. These results indicate that the use of selenomethionine in the laying hen diet is the best method of enriching eggs with this micronutrient. In turn, the eggs obtained in this way can be an excellent source of highly bioavailable selenium in the human diet.

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Dodamani, Pramod, Malathi Venkataramaiah, Abhishek Mahadev Jolapure, Deepthi Vedamurthy, and Jayanaik. "Comparative Evaluation of Yeast Selenium and Sodium selenite Supplementation on Fertility, Hatchability and Antioxidant Status in Dual Purpose Laying Hens." Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology 19, no. 5 (September 10, 2023): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.19.5.25.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, involved in many biological processes in animals, such as antioxidant status, reproduction, immunity, reproduction, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Dual purpose Giriraja (180) hens of 30 weeks of age were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups having 5 replicates of 10 (1 male + 9 females) birds each. Treatment groups were divided based on additional selenium supplementation to the basal diet. Accordingly, the basal diet was T1, with further addition of sodium selenite, sodium selenite + selenium-enriched yeast and selenium enriched yeast @ 0.5, 0.3 + 0.2, and 0.5 mg Se/kg basal diet to form diets for T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The experimental period was for 8 weeks @ 150g feed/day/bird. Fertility, hatchability and antioxidant status viz., levels of Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase were assessed. The addition of different sources of Se alone and their combination did not show any significant difference in fertility and hatchability parameters at the end of 4th and 8th weeks of the study. Similarly, no significant improvement was seen in the antioxidant status of the birds at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the requirement of selenium, in layer (0.05-0.08mg/kg diet) can be met with the amount of Se present in the feed raw material. Hence additional selenium supplementation may not be required under normal environment and production conditions.

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Griffiths, James C., Ray A. Matulka, and Ronan Power. "Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast." International Journal of Toxicology 25, no. 6 (November 2006): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810600959667.

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Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

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Zhang, Weixian, Chunmei Pan, Yong Li, Li Zheng, Hongyu Deng, and Zhifang Shi. "Effects of Organic Selenium on Laying Performance, Selenium Absorption and Utilization, Antioxidant Activity and Immunity in Laying Hens." SDRP Journal of Food Science & Technology 6, no. 2 (2021): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jfst.6.2.ra.10749.

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To study on influences of organic selenium on laying performance, Se absorption and utilization, immunity and antioxidant activity, 400（laying rates 85%）hens during the period of 43-week were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 homogeneous treatments： (control treatment，no added Se feed; Na selenite, 0.3 mg Se/kg; yeast selenium, 0.3 mg Se/kg and DL-methionine selenium 0.3 mg Se/kg). Every treatment had 10 replicates, every replicate had 5 hencoops and every hencoop had 2 hens. We hypothesized that organic selenium was better than inorganic selenium, and DL-selenium had advantages over them of yeast selenium in some ways for laying hens. The experiment lasted for 77 d, with the first 7 d for adaptation. Egg production, laying rates and dry matter intake were recorded every day. And Se contents of serum, whole eggs, heart and liver, blood antioxidant and immunity index were analyzed in the 78th d of the study. The results showed Se sources had no significant effects on laying performance and eggs qualities （ P ＞ 0.05 ）, except for the groups of organic selenium increased egg mass or had trends of increasing laying rates compared with the groups of control and inorganic selenium in the tenth week significantly respectively（P﹤0.05 or P=0.07, P=0.06 and P=0.08）. The groups of organic selenium had increased the contents of Se in serum, whole eggs, heart and liver very significantly（P﹤0.01）；and increased glutathione peroxidase activity and antioxidant capacity significantly（P﹤0.05）. At same time, the groups of organic selenium had increased significantly or had trends to increase the immunoglobulin G in serum（P ﹤0.05 or P=0.05）. In a word, adding organic selenium in diets could improve laying performance, strengthen Se absorption and utilizations, antioxidant capacity and immunity of laying hens to the extent in a longer experiment. And the effects of DL-selenium had advantages over them of yeast selenium in some ways. It implicated that DL-selenium was benefited to production of laying hens and selenium-enriched eggs. Key words： Selenium；Laying performance; Absorption and utilization；Antioxidant activity; Immunity Summary text: Selenium is an essential mineral not only for animal nutrition, but also for humans’ nutrition. Organic selenium had more advantages in improvement of laying performance, Se absorption and utilizations, antioxidant capacity and immunity of laying hens. Especially, DL-selenium was a valuable product, which was benefits to improve production of laying hens and develop functional food, selenium-enriched eggs.

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Sun, Jie, Shiyi Xu, Yongbao Du, Kechen Yu, Yi Jiang, Hao Weng, and Wei Yuan. "Accumulation and Enrichment of Trace Elements by Yeast Cells and Their Applications: A Critical Review." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091746.

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Maintaining the homeostasis balance of trace elements is crucial for the health of organisms. Human health is threatened by diseases caused by a lack of trace elements. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a wide and close relationship with human daily life and industrial applications. It can not only be used as fermentation products and single-cell proteins, but also as a trace elements supplement that is widely used in food, feed, and medicine. Trace-element-enriched yeast, viz., chromium-, iron-, zinc-, and selenium-enriched yeast, as an impactful microelements supplement, is more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and safer than its inorganic and organic counterparts. Over the last few decades, genetic engineering has been developing large-scaled genetic re-design and reconstruction in yeast. It is hoped that engineered yeast will include a higher concentration of trace elements. In this review, we compare the common supplement forms of several key trace elements. The mechanisms of detoxification and transport of trace elements in yeast are also reviewed thoroughly. Moreover, genes involved in the transport and detoxification of trace elements are summarized. A feasible way of metabolic engineering transformation of S. cerevisiae to produce trace-element-enriched yeast is examined. In addition, the economy, safety, and environmental protection of the engineered yeast are explored, and the future research direction of yeast enriched in trace elements is discussed.

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Li, Pengbo, Guowei Shu, Xin Yang, Chunji Dai, Meng Zhang, and Hongchang Wan. "Screening and identification of yeast enriched with selenium, zinc and chromium." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.afs.1050.

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Heindl, J., Z. Ledvinka, M. Englmaierová, L. Zita, and E. Tůmová. "The effect of dietary selenium sources and levels on performance, selenium content in muscle and glutathione peroxidase activity in broiler chickens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, No. 12 (December 20, 2010): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2487-cjas.

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The study examined the effect of dietary supplements of sodium selenite (SS), selenium-enriched yeast (Sel-Plex®, SP) and selenium-enriched alga Chlorella (SCH) on growth traits, carcass analysis, selenium content in breast meat, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in breast and thigh meat and liver of chickens. The experiment was realized with seven hundred thirty-five cockerels Ross 308 randomly divided into 7 dietary treatments with 3 replications in each treatment. Chickens were fed a diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.15 or 0.30 mg of selenium/kg in the form of sodium selenite (SS), Sel-Plex® (SP) and selenium-enriched alga Chlorella (SCH). Selenium addition influenced body weight at 21 (P ≤ 0.001) and 35 (P ≤ 0.05) days of age. Significantly higher body weight at 35 days of age was determined in chickens receiving 0.15 mg of selenium from SP (2 122 g) and 0.3 mg of selenium from SCH (2 116 g) contrary to dietary treatment with a lower level of selenium from SCH (2 010 g) per kg of feed. The selenium content in breast muscle was increased (P ≤ 0.001) by both the lower and higher selenium concentration in the form of SP (0.6 and 0.85 mg/kg dry matter) and SCH (0.6 and 0.82 mg/kg dry matter) in comparison with the control (0.31 mg/kg dry matter). A significant increase (P ≤ 0.001) was ascertained even in SS treatments, but no significant differences were found between both levels. The selenium source and level, including SS, significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced the GSH-Px activity in breast and thigh meat.  

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Svoboda, Martin, Alena Saláková, Zdeněk Fajt, Václav Kotrbáček, Radek Ficek, and Josef Drábek. "Efficacy of Se-enriched Alga Chlorella spp. and Se-enriched Yeast on Tissue Selenium Retention and Carcass Characteristics in Finisher Pigs." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 4 (2009): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978040579.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic Se from Se-enriched alga (Chlorella spp.) and Se from Se-enriched yeast on concentrations of Se in serum and tissues, and serum GSH-Px activities and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. The pigs were on experimental diets for a period of 3 months before slaughter with different Se supplements at the concentration of 0.3 mg Se per kg of feed. In group I (n = 12) the feed was supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite; in group II (n = 12) with organic Se from Se-enriched yeast; in group III (n = 12) with organic Se from Se-enriched alga, Chlorella spp. and pigs in group IV (n = 11) received a non-supplemented basal diet. The organic Se sources did not differ in serum Se and serum GSH-Px activities. Significantly higher Se concentrations in muscle (P < 0.01) and in the heart (P < 0.01) were found when Se from Se-enriched yeast was given, compared to the group of pigs that received Se from Se-enriched alga Chlorella spp. The Se content in livers and ovaries did not differ between the two organic Se sources. The use of both organic Se forms resulted in a higher accumulation in muscle tissue compared to the inorganic Se form. No differences in meat quality characteristics were found among the experimental groups. It is concluded that Se from Se-enriched alga, Chlorella spp. had a lower accumulation in muscle tissue than Se from Se-enriched yeast, and it did not affect meat quality.

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Liu, Jinmei, Zheng Wang, Chong Li, Zhimin Chen, Aijuan Zheng, Wenhuan Chang, Guohua Liu, and Huiyi Cai. "Effects Selenium Dietary Yeast on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Selenium Deposition in Broiler Chickens." Animals 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2023): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13243830.

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Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X − 0.340X2 − 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X − 0.272X2 − 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X − 0.453X2 − 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X − 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products.

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Faixová, Zita, Elena Piešová, Zuzana Maková, Klaudia Čobanová, and Štefan Faix. "Effect of dietary supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast or sodium selenite on ruminal enzyme activities and blood chemistry in sheep." Acta Veterinaria Brno 85, no. 2 (2016): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201685020185.

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding a diet supplemented with different forms of selenium on the rumen fluid, blood and serum enzyme activity and osmotic fragility of red blood cells in sheep. The experiment was carried out on 18 sheep of the Valashka breed at the age of 18 months, divided into 3 groups. The first group was given basal diet (BD) with a Se content of 0.17 mg/kg of dry matter (DM). The second group received BD supplemented with 0.4 mg Se/kg of (DM) in the form of sodium selenite. The third group received BD supplemented with 0.4 mg Se/kg of (DM) in the form of Se-yeast extract. Duration of the trial was 12 weeks. Selenium concentration in blood and total rumen fluid were elevated in both supplemented groups with the highest values in Se-yeast-treated sheep. Blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly increased, regardless of the source of selenium. Osmotic resistance of red blood cells was not affected by selenium supplementation. The results indicate that feeding a diet supplemented with selenium from Se-yeast or selenite improved selenium status in blood and total rumen fluid. Selenium from sodium selenite was as effective as selenium from Se-yeast in the availability of selenium for the blood GPx activity. The effect of selenium supplementation on the ruminal enzyme activity depends on the selenium form; GGT and GDH were significantly higher in the Se-yeast supplement group, AST and ALP were significantly higher in the selenite supplement group.

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Alwardy, Ibrahem Abdul Jabbar, T. R. Mohammed, and Ali N. Abdullah. "Effect of Selenomethionine or Yeast Enriched with Selenium on Reproductive Performance, Progesterone and Estrogen Hormones in Iraqi Ewes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 7 (December 1, 2023): 072070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072070.

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Abstract This study was conducted at the animal farm affiliated with the college of agriculture, university of anbar, ramadi, iraq, to investigate the effects of selenomethionine or selenium-enriched yeast on the reproductive performance and hormone levels (progesterone and estrogen) in Iraqi ewes. the study was carried out from July 26, 2022, to january 27, 2023. eighteen ewes with an average age of 2-3 years and an average body weight of 43 ± 2.5 kg were used. the ewes were randomly divided into three equal groups, with six ewes in each group. all ewes were fed the same ration. group 1 served as the control group and received no treatment, while group 2 was treated with selenomethionine at a dose of 0.03 g/kg/bw. group 3 was treated with selenium-enriched yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae-selenium) at the same dose, following the guidelines of the national research council (nrc, 1980). the treatments were administered orally for 45 days by dissolving the samples in 30 ml of distilled water. blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to assess changes in hormone concentrations. the results showed a significant increase in progesterone levels during the second period for groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (p ≤ 0.01). group 1 exhibited a significant increase in the time of the first appearance of estrus and the average time for estrus compared to group 2. group 2 showed a significant increase in estrus rate compared to group 1 and group 3. both group 2 and group 3 exhibited a significant increase in fertility rate, fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and lambing rate. group 2 and group 3 also showed a significant increase in fecundity, twinning rate, and litter size compared to group 1. In conclusion, the supplementation of Selenomethionine and Selenium-enriched yeast positively affected reproductive performance in Iraqi ewes, as evidenced by improved hormone levels, estrus characteristics, fertility rates, and lambing outcomes.

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Alwardy, I. A., T. R. Mohammed, and A. N. Abdullah. "Effect of Selenomethionine or Yeast Enriched with Selenium in Antioxidants and some Blood Characteristics of Iraqi Ewes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012138.

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Abstract In the animal farm affiliated with the college of Agriculture/ University of Anbar / Ramadi/ Iraq, this study was conducted to examine the Selenomethionine or yeast enriched with Selenium on antioxidant and some blood characteristics in Iraqi ewes. The study started on the twenty-sixth of July /2022 until the twenty-seventh of January / 2023. Eighteen ewes with an average of age 2 - 3 years and 43 ± 2.5 kg of average body weight (bw) had used. This animal had divided randomly in to three equal groups (each group had six ewes). All ewes had fed on the same ration. Group (1) had considered as a control group and left without treatment, group (2) had treated with Selenomethionine with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), while group (3) had treated with yeast enriched with Selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae- Selenium) with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), agreeing to NRC (1980). The animals had treated for 45 days by dissolving the samples in 30 ml of distilled water and given orally. The samples of blood had collected from the jugular vein during first day (first period), 14th day (second period), 19th day (third period) and 45th day (fourth period) for determine changing in the levels of enzymes.

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Skřivan, M., J. Šimáně, G. Dlouhá, and J. Doucha. "Effect of dietary sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and Se-enriched Chlorella on egg Se concentration, physical parameters of eggs and laying hen production." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 4 (December 5, 2011): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3924-cjas.

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ISA Brown laying hens at 24 weeks of age, housed in laying battery cages, were used in this 4-group experiment. One group was fed a basal diet containing primarily maize, soybean meal and wheat. Selenium (Se) content of the basal diet was 0.07 mg/kg dry matter. The other hens received diets supplemented with Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>, Se-enriched yeast and Se-enriched alga Chlorella, respectively, in a concentration of 0.3 mg Se/kg. The experiment lasted twenty-seven weeks. Egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, physical parameters of egg white, yolk and egg shell were examined every third week and egg white and yolk Se content repeatedly. Se was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All three sources of added Se increased the egg white and egg yolk Se content (P < 0.001). Selenium in the organic form increased further Se in the egg components compared to sodium selenite (P < 0.001). More Se was deposited in egg white than in egg yolk, especially in relation to the increasing time of the experiment. The increase of Se concentration in egg white corresponded with increasing egg white weight in both organic selenium sources (P < 0.05). Higher egg white thickness and better Haugh units were observed only in the Se-Chlorella group. Hens receiving the diet with Se-Chlorella also had better egg production compared to the basal diet (P < 0.05). Egg weight was significantly higher in the Se-Chlorella and Se-yeast groups compared to the basal diet and the diet with sodium selenite (P < 0.05). The Se-enriched alga Chlorella showed summarily best results.  

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Lu, J., L. Qu, M. M. Shen, Y. P. Hu, J. Guo, T. C. Dou, and K. H. Wang. "Comparison of dynamic change of egg selenium deposition after feeding sodium selenite or selenium-enriched yeast." Poultry Science 97, no. 9 (September 2018): 3102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey161.

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Caramori Júnior, João Garcia, Charles Kiefer, Eduardo Viana Ferreira, Bruno Serpa Vieira, Henrique Carvalho Oliveira, Camila Mendonça Silva, Rodrigo Caetano Abreu, and Uanderson Veríssimo de Luna. "Chromium and selenium-enriched yeast for castrated finishing pigs: effects on performance and carcass characteristics." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3851.

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To evaluate the effect of organic chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se) supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs, 300 castrated males were distributed in a randomized block design with three treatments and five replications of 20 pigs each. Treatments consisted of different diets, formulated to reach or exceed Rostagno et al. (2011) nutritional requirements, as follows: 1) control - basal diet without organic Cr and Se supplementation from 70 to 130 kg of body weight; 2) CrSe70 - basal diet supplemented with 0.8 mg kg-1 of Cr- and 0.6 mg kg-1 of Se-enriched yeast from 70 to 130 kg of body weight; 3) CrSe100 - basal diet without organic Cr and Se supplementation from 70 to 100 kg of body weight followed by basal diet supplemented with 0.8 mg kg-1 of Cr- and 0.6 mg kg-1 of Se-enriched yeast from 100 to 130 kg of body weight. Performance was evaluated by measuring body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experimental period, pigs were sacrificed and lean meat percentage, longissimus dorsi muscle depth, back fat thickness, and carcass bonus index were determined using prediction equations generated by the software Hennessy System GP4 after carcass scanning with an electronic probe. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and in case of significant differences (P ? 0.05), means were compared by SNK multiple-range test. Daily feed intake (P = 0.008) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.004) decreased for pigs supplemented with Cr- and Se-enriched yeast from 70 to 100 kg of body weight. Otherwise, pigs supplemented between 100 and 130 kg of body weight increased (P = 0.032) daily feed intake in comparison to the control group. Regarding carcass characteristics, Cr- and Se-enriched yeast supplementation increased (P = 0.019) longissimus dorsi muscle depth in both CrSe70 and CrSe100 treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Cr- and Se-enriched yeast for castrated male pigs between 70 and 130 kg of body weight increases longissimus dorsi muscle depth in carcass without affecting final body weight or daily weight gain of the animals.

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Winther, Kristian Hillert, Steen Joop Bonnema, Frederik Cold, Birgit Debrabant, Mads Nybo, Søren Cold, and Laszlo Hegedüs. "Does selenium supplementation affect thyroid function? Results from a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial in a Danish population." European Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 6 (June 2015): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0069.

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ObjectiveSelenium is present in the active site of proteins important for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation in different doses on thyroid function, under conditions of suboptimal dietary selenium intake.DesignThe Danish PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with SElenium pilot study (DK-PRECISE) is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 491 males and females aged 60–74 years were randomized to 100 μg (n=124), 200 μg (n=122), or 300 μg (n=119) selenium-enriched yeast or matching yeast-based placebo tablets (n=126). A total of 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, completed the 5-year intervention period.MethodsPlasma samples were analyzed for selenium and serum samples for TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) at baseline, and after 6 months, and 5 years of supplementation.ResultsPlasma selenium concentrations increased significantly and dose-dependently in treatment groups receiving selenium (P<0.001). Serum TSH and FT4concentrations decreased significantly and dose-dependently by 0.066 mIU/l (P=0.010) and 0.11 pmol/l (P=0.015), respectively, per 100 μg/day increase, with insignificant differences between 6 months and 5 years. No significant effects were found for FT3and FT3:FT4ratio.ConclusionsIn euthyroid subjects, selenium supplementation minutely and dose-dependently affects thyroid function, when compared with placebo, by decreasing serum TSH and FT4concentrations. Based on these findings, selenium supplementation is not warranted under conditions of marginal selenium deficiency. However, a role for selenium supplementation in the treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases is still unresolved.

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Li, Pengbo, Guowei Shu, Xin Yang, Chunji Dai, Meng Zhang, and Hongchang Wan. "Screening and identification of yeast enriched with selenium, zinc and chromium [pdf]." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.afs.2022.1050.

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Yu, Qiuran, Chuyan Xia, Fenglu Han, Chang Xu, Artur Rombenso, Jian G. Qin, Liqiao Chen, and Erchao Li. "Effect of Different Dietary Selenium Sources on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Gut Microbiota, and Molecular Responses in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (February 15, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5738008.

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This study investigated the effect of different dietary selenium (Se) sources on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and molecular responses of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four Se sources (sodium selenite, L-selenomethionine, selenium yeast, or Se nanoparticles) were added to purified diets to 0.4 mg Se/kg diet for shrimp ( 1.60 ± 0.14 g ). Each treatment was randomly assigned to 3 replicated tanks and 30 shrimp in each tank (500 L). After 8 weeks of breeding, L-selenomethionine and selenium yeast significantly increased weight gain compared with sodium selenite treatment, while sodium selenite significantly decreased the shrimp hepatosomatic index compared with the other groups. The L-selenomethionine significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the hepatopancreas compared with the shrimp fed sodium selenite and decreased catalase activity and malondialdehyde content compared with other groups. The composition and β-diversity of gut microbiota were markedly changed in each group. The abundances of Rubrobacter and Rubritalea, Winogradskyella and Motilimonas, and Photobacterium in the gut microbiota were specially altered by L-selenomethionine, Se yeast, and Se nanoparticles, respectively. The sodium selenite group showed lower complexity of gut interspecies interactions. RNA-seq analysis showed that “arachidonic acid metabolism”-related genes were significantly enriched in the L-selenomethionine and Se yeast groups; “peroxisome” and “drug metabolism–other enzymes”-related genes were enriched in the Se nanoparticle group. Vibrio, Motilimonas, and Photobacterium were associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism. Pseudoalteromonas, Silicimonas, Roseovarius, and Halomonas inhibited the expression of glutathione peroxidase genes. These results suggested that organic Se, especially selenomethionine, is an effective feed supplement to promote growth and antioxidant capacity, maintain the health of gut microbiota, and promote the utilization of fatty acid and glutathione peroxidase genes in shrimp fed a 0.4 mg Se/kg diet.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Selenium-Enriched yeast'

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