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Journal articles on the topic 'Selective refocusing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Doll, Andrin, and Gunnar Jeschke. "Double electron–electron resonance with multiple non-selective chirp refocusing." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 2 (2017): 1039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07262c.

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2

Blechta, Vratislav, and Jan Schraml. "A selective INEPT experiment for the assignment of NMR lines of low-gyromagnetic ratio nuclei through long-range couplings." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 2 (1991): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910258.

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A selective variant of the standard INEPT experiment is suggested. The selectivity is achieved by replacing the refocusing proton pulses of the standard INEPT pulse sequence with selective (DANTE) 180° pulses. Since this approach eliminates the undesirable influences of homo- and heteronuclear couplings, the sensitivity of the method is high. In the case of assigning 29Si NMR lines of trimethylsilylated compounds the pulse sequence can be further simplified and a pair of refocusing pulses can be eliminated from the refocusing period. Advantages of the simplified method are demonstrated.

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3

Beguin, L., N. Giraud, J. M. Ouvrard, J. Courtieu, and D. Merlet. "Improvements to selective refocusing phased (SERFph) experiments." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 199, no. 1 (July 2009): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2009.03.012.

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4

Emsley, Lyndon, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen. "Volume-selective NMR spectroscopy with self-refocusing pulses." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 87, no. 1 (March 1990): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(90)90081-j.

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5

Herbert Pucheta, José Enrique, Daisy Pitoux, Claire M. Grison, Sylvie Robin, Denis Merlet, David J. Aitken, Nicolas Giraud, and Jonathan Farjon. "Pushing the limits of signal resolution to make coupling measurement easier." Chemical Communications 51, no. 37 (2015): 7939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01305d.

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Novel band selective decoupled pure shift selective refocusing experiments allowed simplification of the measurement of all δ¹H, and J_HH couplings with an ultrahigh spectral resolution in peptides.

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6

Moore, Jay, Marcin Jankiewicz, Adam W. Anderson, and John C. Gore. "Evaluation of non-selective refocusing pulses for 7T MRI." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 214 (January 2012): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2011.11.010.

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7

Jie, FENG, WANG Shi-gang, WEI Jian, and ZHAO Yan. "Saliency detection combined with selective light field refocusing of camera array." Chinese Optics 14, no. 3 (2021): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/co.2020-0165.

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8

Bikash, Uday, and N. Suryaprakash. "Enantiomeric Discrimination by Double Quantum Excited Selective Refocusing (DQ-SERF) Experiment." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 43 (November 2007): 12403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp074873s.

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9

Marshman, Margaret F., Ian M. Brereton, Stephen E. Rose, Anthony J. O'Connor, and David M. Doddrell. "Application of self-refocusing band selective RF pulses for spectroscopic localization." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 25, no. 2 (June 1992): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910250204.

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10

Wang, Yingqian, Jungang Yang, Yulan Guo, Chao Xiao, and Wei An. "Selective Light Field Refocusing for Camera Arrays Using Bokeh Rendering and Superresolution." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 26, no. 1 (January 2019): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2885213.

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11

Wehrli, F. W., A. Shimakawa, G. T. Gullberg, and J. R. MacFall. "Time-of-flight MR flow imaging: selective saturation recovery with gradient refocusing." Radiology 160, no. 3 (September 1986): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.160.3.3526407.

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12

Janich, Martin A., Mary A. McLean, Ralph Noeske, Steffen J. Glaser, and Rolf F. Schulte. "Slice-selective broadband refocusing pulses for the robust generation of crushed spin-echoes." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 223 (October 2012): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2012.08.003.

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13

Choi, Changho, Nicholas J. Coupland, Paramjit P. Bhardwaj, Nikolai Malykhin, Dan Gheorghiu, and Peter S. Allen. "Measurement of brain glutamate and glutamine by spectrally-selective refocusing at 3 tesla." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 55, no. 5 (2006): 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20875.

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14

Petrovic, Andreas, Eva Scheurer, and Rudolf Stollberger. "Closed-form solution for T2mapping with nonideal refocusing of slice selective CPMG sequences." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 73, no. 2 (March 13, 2014): 818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25170.

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15

Zeng, Qing, Chaoqun Zhan, Xi Dong, Jinyong Chen, Zhong Chen, and Yanqin Lin. "Unambiguous and accurate measurement of scalar coupling constants through a selective refocusing NMR experiment." Analytica Chimica Acta 1159 (May 2021): 338429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338429.

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16

Emsley, Lyndon, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen. "Self-refocusing effect of 270° Gaussian pulses. Applications to selective two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 82, no. 1 (March 1989): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(89)90185-6.

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17

Crouch, Ronald, Robert D. Boyer, Ross Johnson, and Krish Krishnamurthy. "Broadband and band-selective IMPRESS–gHMBC: compensation of refocusing inefficiency with synchronized inversion sweep." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 42, no. 3 (February 12, 2004): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1316.

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18

Mccoy, M. A. "Selective Refocusing of Cβ Scalar Coupling During Indirect Evolution of Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Carbon Coherences." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 107, no. 3 (June 1995): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1995.1088.

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19

Scheenen, Tom W. J., Arend Heerschap, and Dennis W. J. Klomp. "Towards 1H-MRSI of the human brain at 7T with slice-selective adiabatic refocusing pulses." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 21, no. 1-2 (January 22, 2008): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-007-0094-y.

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20

Lim, Eun Ji, Chul-Ho Sohn, Taehoon Shin, and Jaeseok Park. "FID-calibrated simultaneous multi-slice fast spin echo with long trains of hard pulses." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac499a.

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Abstract Objective. To develop a novel, free-induction-decay (FID)-calibrated single-shot simultaneous multi-slice fast spin echo (SMS-FSE) with very long hard pulse trains for high encoding efficiency and low energy deposition. Approach. The proposed single-shot SMS-FSE employs a mixed pulse configuration in which a long excitation pulse that is spatially multi-band (MB) selective is used in conjunction with short spatially nonselective refocusing pulses. To alleviate energy deposition to tissues while reducing signal modulation along the echo train, variable low flip angles with signal prescription are utilized in the refocusing pulse train. A time-efficient FID calibration and correction method is introduced before aliased voxels in the slice direction are resolved. Simulations and experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method as an alternative to conventional HASTE for generating T 2-weighted images. Main results. Compared with conventional HASTE, the proposed method enhances imaging speed effectively by an MB factor up to 5 without apparent loss of image contrast while successfully eliminating FID artifacts. Significance. We successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method as an encoding- and energy-efficient alternative to conventional HASTE for generation of T 2-weighted contrast.

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21

Li, Ying, Benjamin J. Wylie, and Chad M. Rienstra. "Selective refocusing pulses in magic-angle spinning NMR: Characterization and applications to multi-dimensional protein spectroscopy." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 179, no. 2 (April 2006): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.12.003.

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22

Gambarota, Giulio, Arnaud Bondon, Marie Le Floch, Robert V. Mulkern, and Hervé Saint-Jalmes. "Selective spectral modulation of strongly coupled spins with an echo top refocusing pulse in PRESS sequences." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 228 (March 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2012.12.014.

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23

Farjon, Jonathan, Denis Merlet, Philippe Lesot, and Jacques Courtieu. "Enantiomeric excess measurements in weakly oriented chiral liquid crystal solvents through 2D 1H selective refocusing experiments." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 158, no. 1-2 (September 2002): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-7807(02)00070-8.

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24

Doddrell, David M., Graham J. Galloway, Stephen E. Rose, Peter J. Moulds, and Ian M. Brereton. "On the use of a slice-selective 270° self-refocusing Gaussian pulse for magnetic resonance imaging." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 1991): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910190237.

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25

Farjon, Jonathan, Jean-Pierre Baltaze, Philippe Lesot, Denis Merlet, and Jacques Courtieu. "Heteronuclear selective refocusing 2D NMR experiments for the spectral analysis of enantiomers in chiral oriented solvents." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 42, no. 7 (June 1, 2004): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1399.

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26

Garrity, R. R., G. Rimmelzwaan, A. Minassian, W. P. Tsai, G. Lin, J. J. de Jong, J. Goudsmit, and P. L. Nara. "Refocusing neutralizing antibody response by targeted dampening of an immunodominant epitope." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.279.

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Abstract Immunodominant epitopes are known to suppress a primary immune response to other antigenic determinants by a number of mechanisms. Many pathogens have used this strategy to subvert the immune response and may be a mechanism responsible for limited vaccine efficacies. HIV-1 vaccine efficacy appears to be complicated similarly by a limited, immunodominant, isolate-restricted immune response generally directed toward determinants in the third variable domain (V3) of the major envelope glycoprotein, gp120. To overcome this problem, we have investigated an approach based on masking the V3 domain through addition of N-linked carbohydrate and reduction in net positive charge. N-linked modified gp120s were expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus and used to immunize guinea pigs by infection and protein boosting. This modification resulted in variable site-specific glycosylation and antigenic dampening, without loss of gp120/CD4 binding or virus neutralization. Most importantly, V3 epitope dampening shifted the dominant type-specific neutralizing Ab response away from V3 to an epitope in the first variable domain (V1) of gp120. Interestingly, in the presence of V3 dampening V1 changes from an immunodominant non-neutralizing epitope to a primary neutralizing epitope with broader neutralizing properties. In addition, Ab responses were also observed to conserved domains in C1 and C5. These results suggest that selective epitope dampening can lead to qualitative shifts in the immune response resulting in second order neutralizing responses that may prove useful in the fine manipulation of the immune response and in the development of more broadly protective vaccines and therapeutic strategies.

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27

Bottomley, Paul A., and Christopher J. Hardy. "Two‐dimensional spatially selective spin inversion and spin‐echo refocusing with a single nuclear magnetic resonance pulse." Journal of Applied Physics 62, no. 10 (November 15, 1987): 4284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339103.

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28

Zeng, Qing, Yanqin Lin, and Zhong Chen. "Pushing resolution limits for extracting 1H–1H scalar coupling constants by a resolution-enhanced selective refocusing method." Journal of Chemical Physics 150, no. 18 (May 14, 2019): 184202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089930.

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29

Shen, Jie F., and John K. Saunders. "A slice-selective adiabatic refocusing pulse made up of two adiabatic inversion pulses. Suppression of unwanted echoes." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 96, no. 2 (February 1992): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(92)90091-k.

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30

Santoro, Alessio. "A City of Guardians: Refocusing the Aim and Scope of Aristotle’s Critique of Plato’s Republic." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 36, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340212.

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Abstract In Politics 2.2-5 Aristotle criticises the state described in Plato’s Republic. The general consensus in the secondary literature (in particular after E. Bornemann) is that Aristotle’s critique is unfair and too narrow in scope. Aristotle unjustifiably ignores significant parts of Plato’s Republic and unreasonably assumes that the community of wives, children and property extends to the whole of Kallipolis. Although R. Mayhew’s defence of Aristotle’s criticism has mitigated this negative assessment, the problem has remained unresolved. This paper questions the traditional view and suggests an explanation of Aristotle’s selective reading of Plato’s Republic. Based on what turns out to be a reasonable interpretation of Plato’s text, Aristotle does not extend Plato’s communism to the whole city, but rather reduces Plato’s city to the community of the guardians. As a result, Aristotle’s arguments in fact hit the mark and present Aristotle as a much fairer reader than is usually acknowledged.

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31

Lei, Hao, and Jeffrey Dunn. "The Effects of Slice-Selective Excitation/Refocusing in Localized Spectral Editing with Gradient-Selected Double-Quantum Coherence Transfer." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 150, no. 1 (May 2001): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmre.2001.2304.

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32

Herbert-Pucheta, José Enrique, Paz Austin-Quiñones, Francisco Rodríguez-González, Cristina Pino-Villar, Guadalupe Flores-Pérez, Santiago José Arguello-Campos, and Victor Villalobos Arámbula. "Current trends in ŒNO-NMR based metabolomics." BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235602001.

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Present work discusses strengths and limitations of two Nuclear Magnetic Resonance outliers obtained with a water-to-ethanol solvent multi pre saturation acquisition method, recently included in the Compendium of International Methods of Analysis of Wines and Musts, published as OIV-MA-AS316-01, and their accuracy for metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, it is also presented an alternative to produce more discriminant and sensitive NMR data matrices for metabolomics studies, comprising the use of a novel NMR acquisition strategy in wines, the double pulsed-field gradient echo (DPFGE) NMR scheme, with a refocusing band-selective uniform-response pure-phase selective pulse, for a selective excitation of the 5-10 ppm chemical shift range of wine samples, that reveals novel broad aromatic 1H resonances, directly associated to complex polyphenols. Both aromatics and full binned OIV-MA-AS316-01,as well as the selective 5-10 ppm DPFGE NMR outliers were statistically analyzed with diverse non-supervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and supervised Partial Least Squares -Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), sparse (sPLS-DA) least squares- discriminant analysis, and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Supervised multivariate statistical analysis of DPFGE and aromatics’ binned OIV-MA-AS316-01NMR data have shown their robustness to broadly discriminate geographical origins and narrowly differentiate between different fermentation schemes of wines from identical variety and region.

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33

Herbert-Pucheta, José Enrique, José Daniel Lozada-Ramírez, Ana E. Ortega-Regules, Luis Ricardo Hernández, and Cecilia Anaya de Parrodi. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics with Double Pulsed-Field-Gradient Echo and Automatized Solvent Suppression Spectroscopy for Multivariate Data Matrix Applied in Novel Wine and Juice Discriminant Analysis." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144146.

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The quality of foods has led researchers to use various analytical methods to determine the amounts of principal food constituents; some of them are the NMR techniques with a multivariate statistical analysis (NMR-MSA). The present work introduces a set of NMR-MSA novelties. First, the use of a double pulsed-field-gradient echo (DPFGE) experiment with a refocusing band-selective uniform response pure-phase selective pulse for the selective excitation of a 5–10-ppm range of wine samples reveals novel broad 1H resonances. Second, an NMR-MSA foodomics approach to discriminate between wine samples produced from the same Cabernet Sauvignon variety fermented with different yeast strains proposed for large-scale alcohol reductions. Third a comparative study between a nonsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA), supervised standard partial (PLS-DA), and sparse (sPLS-DA) least squares discriminant analysis, as well as orthogonal projections to a latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), for obtaining holistic fingerprints. The MSA discriminated between different Cabernet Sauvignon fermentation schemes and juice varieties (apple, apricot, and orange) or juice authentications (puree, nectar, concentrated, and commercial juice fruit drinks). The new pulse sequence DPFGE demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity in the aromatic zone of wine samples, allowing a better application of different unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical analysis approaches.

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34

Nath, Nilamoni, Bikash Baishya, and N. Suryaprakash. "Visualization of enantiomers using natural abundant 13C-filtered single and double quantum selective refocusing experiments: Application to small chiral molecules." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 200, no. 1 (September 2009): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2009.06.011.

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35

Hess, Aaron T., Ovidiu C. Andronesi, M. Dylan Tisdall, A. Gregory Sorensen, André J. W. van der Kouwe, and Ernesta M. Meintjes. "Real-time motion and B 0 correction for localized adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) MRSI using echo planar imaging volumetric navigators." NMR in Biomedicine 25, no. 2 (July 28, 2011): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1756.

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36

Emsley, L., J. Kowalewski, and G. Bodenhausen. "Measurement of transverse relaxation in coupled spin systems by semi-selective refocusing: Evidence for interference of CSA and dipolar relaxation." Applied Magnetic Resonance 1, no. 2 (October 1990): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03166151.

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37

Lanzman, R., D. Blondin, P. Schmitt, D. Orzechowski, E. Godehardt, A. Scherer, U. Mödder, and P. Kröpil. "Non-Enhanced 3D MR Angiography of the Lower Extremity using ECG-Gated TSE Imaging with Non-Selective Refocusing Pulses – Initial Experience." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 182, no. 10 (April 23, 2010): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245328.

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38

Beguin, Laetitia, Jacques Courtieu, Latifa Ziani, and Denis Merlet. "Simplification of the1H NMR spectra of enantiomers dissolved in chiral liquid crystals, combining variable angle sample spinning and selective refocusing experiments." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 44, no. 12 (2006): 1096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1905.

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39

Newling, B., J. A. Derbyshire, T. A. Carpenter, D. Xing, and L. D. Hall. "Construction of Multiply Band-Selective Self-Refocusing Pulses for Simultaneous Spin-Echo Multislice Imaging of Fluid Flow, Using Pulsed Field Gradients." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 108, no. 3 (September 1995): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1995.1131.

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40

Hardy, Peter A., and Guang Yue. "Measurement of magnetic resonance T2 for physiological experiments." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.3.904.

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Hardy, Peter A., and Guang Yue. Measurement of magnetic resonance T2 for physiological experiments. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 904–911, 1997.—The proton transverse relaxation time (T2) of human skeletal muscles has been increasingly used in magnetic resonance imaging experiments to examine muscle physiology and neuromuscular control. However, little attention has been paid to the experimental factors affecting the accuracy or sensitivity of the T2 measurement. We have explored theoretically and experimentally the structure of several magnetic resonance pulse sequences for measuring T2 of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and found that a multiecho imaging technique using non-slice-selective refocusing pulses (MENSS) produces more accurate T2 estimates than multiecho slice-selective (MESS) imaging methods that are commonly used. Using either technique we acquired four 5-mm-thick transverse images of the first dorsal interosseous muscle with a spatial resolution of 0.6 mm within 5 min. The T2 measured by the MENSS method was closer to the true T2 than was the T2 estimated by the MESS method. After a given amount of exercise, the MENSS technique revealed an average 28 ± 10% increase in T2 compared with a 13 ± 3% increase measured with an equivalent MESS technique. We conclude that the MENSS method is a more accurate and sensitive procedure for studying neuromuscular physiology compared with the more commonly used MESS method.

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41

Massire, Aurélien, Martijn A. Cloos, Alexandre Vignaud, Denis Le Bihan, Alexis Amadon, and Nicolas Boulant. "Design of non-selective refocusing pulses with phase-free rotation axis by gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm in parallel transmission at 7T." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 230 (May 2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.01.005.

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42

Ali, Hamideh Ale, Marcus J. Couch, Ravi Menezes, Andrew J. Evans, Antonio Finelli, Michael A. Jewett, and Kartik S. Jhaveri. "Predictive Value of In Vivo MR Spectroscopy With Semilocalization by Adiabatic Selective Refocusing in Differentiating Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma From Other Subtypes." American Journal of Roentgenology 214, no. 4 (April 2020): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.19.22023.

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43

Krajewski, Piotr, and Michel Bardet. "Temperature dependence of proton-proton residual dipolar couplings in adenosine dissolved in charged phospholipid bicelles. Application of a two-dimensional selective refocusing method." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 40, no. 3 (2002): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1000.

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44

Wijnen, Jannie P., Jack J. A. van Asten, Dennis W. J. Klomp, Torill E. Sjobakk, Ingrid S. Gribbestad, Tom W. J. Scheenen, and Arend Heerschap. "Short echo time1H MRSI of the human brain at 3T with adiabatic slice-selective refocusing pulses; reproducibility and variance in a dual center setting." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 31, no. 1 (December 20, 2009): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21999.

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45

Emsley, Lyndon, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen. "On the use of a slice-selective 270° self-refocusing Gaussian pulse for magnetic resonance imaging: Comments on the note by D. M. Doddrellet al." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 1991): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910190238.

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46

Shen, Xin, Natalie Voets, Sarah Larkin, Nick de Pennington, Puneet Plaha, Richard Stacey, James McCullagh, et al. "A Noninvasive Comparison Study between Human Gliomas with IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations by MR Spectroscopy." Metabolites 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9020035.

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The oncogenes that are expressed in gliomas reprogram particular pathways of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acid metabolism. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH1/2) in diffuse gliomas are associated with abnormally high levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic reprogramming associated with IDH mutant gliomas leads to additional 1H MRS-detectable differences between IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and to identify metabolites correlated with 2-HG. A total of 21 glioma patients (age= 37 ± 11, 13 males) were recruited for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing pulse sequence at an ultra-high-field (7T). For 20 patients, the tumor mutation subtype was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing. LCModel analysis was applied for metabolite quantification. A two-sample t-test was used for metabolite comparisons between IDH1 (n = 15) and IDH2 (n = 5) mutant gliomas. The Pearson correlation coefficients between 2-HG and associated metabolites were calculated. A Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparison. IDH2 mutant gliomas have a higher level of 2-HG/tCho (total choline=phosphocholine+glycerylphosphorylcholine) (2.48 ± 1.01vs.0.72 ± 0.38, Pc < 0.001) and myo-Inositol/tCho (2.70 ± 0.90 vs. 1.46 ± 0.51, Pc = 0.011) compared to IDH1 mutation gliomas. Associated metabolites, myo-Inositol and glucose+taurine were correlated with 2-HG levels. These results show the improved characterization of the metabolic pathways in IDH1 and IDH2 gliomas for precision medicine.

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47

Zimmer, Oliver, Thierry Bigault, Skyler Degenkolb, Christoph Herb, Thomas Neulinger, Nicola Rizzi, Valentina Santoro, Alan Takibayev, Richard Wagner, and Luca Zanini. "In-beam superfluid-helium ultracold neutron source for the ESS." Journal of Neutron Research 24, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnr-220045.

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This paper discusses design principles and possible performances of an “in-beam” ultracold neutron (UCN) source for the European Spallation Source (ESS). The key components of the proposed neutron delivery system are nested-mirror optics (NMO), which image the bright neutron emission surface of the large liquid-deuterium moderator, studied within the HighNESS project, onto a remotely located superfluid-helium converter. Bandpass supermirrors, with optional polarization capability, enable the selective transport of those neutrons that are most effective for UCN production, exploiting the single-phonon conversion process that is possible for neutrons having wavelengths within a narrow range centered on 8.9 A ˚. NMO are capable of extracting and refocusing neutrons with small transport losses under the large solid angle available at the ESS Large Beam Port (LBP), allowing the converter to be placed far away from the high-radiation area in the ESS shielding bunker, where the source stays accessible for trouble-shooting while facilitating a low-background environment for nearby UCN experiments. Various configurations of the beam and converter are possible, including a large-volume converter – with or without a magnetic reflector – for a large total UCN production rate, or a beam focused onto a small converter for highest possible UCN density. The source performances estimated by first simulations of a baseline version presented in this paper, including a saturated UCN density on the order of 10 5 cm − 3 , motivate further study and the development of NMO beyond the first prototypes that have been recently investigated experimentally.

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Prener, Martin, Giske Opheim, Zahra Shams, Christian Baastrup Søndergaard, Ulrich Lindberg, Henrik B. W. Larsson, Morten Ziebell, Vibeke Andrée Larsen, Mark Bitsch Vestergaard, and Olaf B. Paulson. "Single-Voxel MR Spectroscopy of Gliomas with s-LASER at 7T." Diagnostics 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101805.

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Background and Purpose: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)—a method of analysing metabolites in vivo—has been utilized in several studies of brain glioma biomarkers at lower field strengths. At ultra-high field strengths, MRS provides an improved signal-to-noise-ratio and spectral resolution, but 7T studies on patients with gliomas are sparse. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the potential clinical implication of the use of single-voxel MRS at 7T to assess metabolic information on lesions in a pilot cohort of patients with grade II and III gliomas. Methods: We scanned seven patients and seven healthy controls using the semi-localization by adiabatic-selective refocusing sequence on a Philips Achieva 7T system with a standard dual-transmit head coil. The metabolic ratios were calculated relative to water and total creatine. Additionally, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) MRS was carried out in four of the patients, and the 2-HG concentration was calculated relative to water. Results: When comparing the tumour data to control regions in both patients and healthy controls, we found that the choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine ratios were significantly increased and that the N-acetylaspartate/creatine and the neurotransmitter glutamate/creatine ratios were significantly decreased. The N-acetylaspartate/water and glutamate/water ratios were also significantly decreased. The lactate/water and lactate/creatine ratios showed increases, although not significant. The GABA/water ratio was significantly decreased, but the GABA/creatine ratio was not. MRS spectra showed the presence of 2-HG in three of the four patients studied. Three of the patients, including the MRS 2-HG-negative patient, were operated on, and all of them had the IDH mutation. Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with the existing literature on 3T and 7T MRS.

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Okada, Tomohisa, Hideto Kuribayashi, Lana G. Kaiser, Yuta Urushibata, Nouha Salibi, Ravi Teja Seethamraju, Sinyeob Ahn, Dinh Ha Duy Thuy, Koji Fujimoto, and Tadashi Isa. "Repeatability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain at 7 T: effect of scan time on semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing and short-echo time stimulated echo acquisition mode scans and their comparison." Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-517.

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PAPİLA, İbrahim, Selçuk PAKER, and Mesut KARTAL. "AN INTEGRATED METHOD FOR REFOCUSING OF MOVING TARGETS IN SPOTLIGHT SAR." AURUM Journal of Engineering Systems and Architecture 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53600/ajesa.1321178.

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A new target-refocusing technique based-on re-centering phase computation of previously recorded moving target raw data is implemented to the Spotlight SAR data in order to obtain refocused moving targets. The technique is tested on the integrated simulated data; background real spotlight SAR Raw data with the synthetically generated data domes of civilian moving targets. First Polar format Algorithm is applied to detect and estimate the speed of ground-moving targets on the integrated raw data. At the next step, re-organize the integrated raw data by selecting and arranging target focusing center with a new technique based on re-centering phase computation to each moving target speed. At the third step re-organize the raw data by re-centering the phase computation to each moving target location. Finally, Polar Format Algorithm is applied to each reorganized raw data to obtain highly focused moving targets individually

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