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Borzucka-Sitkiewicz, Katarzyna, and Karina Leksy. "Review of preventive and educational programs referring to healthy eating and physical activity implemented in primary schools in the city of Bytom (in the context of cancer prevention)." Men Disability Society 47, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0697.
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The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, including cancers, is becoming a very serious public health problem. The main risk factor in its etiology is life style including unhealthy diet and low level of physical activity. Knowledge and health awareness regarding this issue is an essential element of oncological prevention and education aimed at changing people’s behaviour toward health-oriented. Presented results are a part of broader diagnostic activities undertaken within the Onkogranty II project. They include an analysis of internal and external preventive programs implemented in schools in Bytom in the context cancer risk factors such as low physical activity and unhealthy diet. The analysis shows that in the surveyed schools many activities are undertaken to promote a healthy diet and physical activity, but in most cases there is no reference to the cancer prevention. Many initiatives are action-based, not supported by the diagnosis of the school community’s health needs. The results obtained show that the selection of a preventive program should be preceded by a diagnosis of the needs of both students, parents and the entire school/local community. After its implementation, it would be necessary to evaluate the actions taken to assess the effectiveness of the program and introduce the necessary modifications. It is also worth taking care of regularity and helicity of the transmitted content in order to consolidate and systematize the knowledge and skills of students. Above all, taking into account epidemiological data on the prevalence of cancer, content related to oncological prevention should be included in school’s preventive and educational programs as well as in health education.
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Tappis, Hannah, Shannon Doocy, Christopher Haskew, Caroline Wilkinson, Allison Oman, and Paul Spiegel. "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Feeding Program Performance in Kenya and Tanzania: A Retrospective Analysis of Routine Health Information System Data." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 33, no. 2 (June 2012): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651203300209.
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Background The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Health Information System is a primary source of routine nutrition program data and provides a comprehensive assessment of UNHCR selective feeding programs in more than 90 refugee camps in 18 countries worldwide. Objective To evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of UNHCR supplementary and therapeutic feeding programs for malnourished children under 5 years of age in Kenya and Tanzania refugee camps. Methods Analysis of Kenya and Tanzania refugee camp population, growth monitoring, and nutrition program data from the UNHCR Health Information System. Results UNHCR-supported implementing partners in Kenya and Tanzania admitted nearly 45,000 malnourished refugee children in selective feeding programs between January 2006 and May 2009. Average recovery rates of 77.1% and 84.6% in the therapeutic and supplementary programs, respectively, mortality rates of less than 1%, and average readmission below 5% suggest that feeding programs had a beneficial effect on enrolled children. Conclusions Increasing admission and enrollment in supplementary feeding programs was successful in preventing cases of severe malnutrition in some camps. Further attention to these camps would be likely to yield sizeable benefits in terms of absolute reductions in malnutrition prevalence and mortality rates.
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Lynne Beal, A. "A Transition Program Based on the Learning Characteristics of Grade 9 Students." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 8, no. 1 (September 1992): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359200800106.
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This article describes a primary prevention program that was implemented for grade 9 students in a multicultural high school in Toronto. The goal of the program was to determine the learning styles of the grade 9 class as a whole and to encourage teachers to better meet students' needs in the regular classes. Students with needs that could not be met through the regular classroom curriculum were identified early and referred to resource staff in the school for secondary prevention programs. The learning styles of grade 9 students were determined through a group-administered learning styles inventory, writing samples, and estimates of students' academic skill levels provided by their grade 8 teachers. Teachers attempted to prevent students from failing by selecting materials and texts at suitable reading levels, providing remediation within the curriculum, teaching study skills, and reporting to parents. Inservice training was provided for teachers to enable them to use these primary prevention strategies in their classrooms.
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Hickerson, Benjamin D. "Measuring Physical Activity in Youth Settings: Considerations for Instrument Selection." Journal of Youth Development 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.169.
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Increasing physical activity participation has become one of the primary strategies for prevention of early-onset health conditions including obesity and Type II diabetes. Youth programs including summer camps and after-school programs are premium providers of physical activity opportunities, but researchers and administrators of these programs must be able to effectively collect and interpret physical activity data to make program adjustments and communicate results. This article reviews existing methods for physical activity measurement including self-reports and objective instruments and makes suggestions for their applicability. Pedometers are covered in-depth as they may be the method of choice in many youth settings. These devices are unobtrusive, have a relatively low cost, and provide excellent data quality. Proper physical activity measurement in youth settings can provide information about effective intervention strategies and may also encourage on-site participants to increase their physical activity frequency.
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Espinoza-Espinosa, Viridiana. "Universities and programs promoting health in Mexico." Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA 9, no. 18 (July 5, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v9i18.5702.
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Introduction: Universities are the ideal place to promote health because it offers facilities to provide comprehensive care as marked by the World Health Organization (1986) in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. This is how this work seeks to describe the health promotion programs of universities in Mexico to generate relevant information on this particular topic. Objective: To describe the health promotion programs of higher education institutions in Mexico. Methodology: The review was carried out in PUBMED, CROSSREF, LILACS, SCIELO and government institutions indexing sources. For the selection of articles, it was considered to analyze government pages such as RMUPS and public and private universities due to lack of information. The review criteria that were taken into account were the objective, areas of attention, type of user, level of prevention and finally operation of the health promotion programs of the universities. Results: Of the programs of institutions of higher education reviewed it was found that they have similarities regarding their objectives where the majority promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles, in addition to the fact that a wide group of services such as medical care, nutritional care, and psychological care as the main, the operation of the program is diverse and 100% manage a level of primary prevention. Conclusions: There is a clear and direct interests by the authorities of the different universities in Mexico, there are currently 43 institutions that make up the RMUPS.
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Criado, Victoria, and Andrew Tawse-Smith. "Compliance & dexterity, factors to consider in home care and maintenance procedures." Brazilian Oral Research 21, spe (2007): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000500007.
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Mechanical plaque control appears to be the primary means of controlling supragingival dental plaque build-up. Although daily oral hygiene practices and periodic professional care are considered the basis for any program aimed at the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, these procedures are technically demanding, time consuming and can be affected by the compliance and manual dexterity of the patient. Individual skills and acquired behavior patterns determine effectiveness of a preventive program and oral hygiene practice. Successful preventive programs and home care procedures clearly depend on the interaction and commitment between the dental professional and the patient. Identifying the capacity of the individual to comply with the professional recommendations and evaluating the dexterity of the patient to remove supragingival dental plaque will permit the implementation of an adequate preventive program and can help on the selection of adjunctive antimicrobial agents and devices needed to reach an effective oral care routine.
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Bencze, Zsuzsa, Nadine Fraihat, and Orsolya Varga. "Patent Landscape Analysis of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122220.
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Inventions from the field of health research are mostly protected by patents. The main objective of this study is to identify the research and development trends of dental innovations for children, with a special focus on the inventions for dental caries in primary teeth and early childhood caries (ECC) by performing a patent landscape analysis on a global scale with special attention to the role of European countries in patenting activities. A patent landscape analysis is a tool used to identify trends in different areas of innovations. Patents and patent applications were extracted from Orbit Intelligence. The keyword based search process was refined by manual selection and grouped into prevention, treatment and diagnosis categories. The absolute number and legal status of patent families, priority years, priority countries, and assignees were examined. The total number of patents of dental caries in primary teeth was 61. According to the legal status of the patents, 27% are granted, 19% pending and 54% are dead. The earliest patent is from 1931 and the most recent is from 2018. Regarding the field of inventions, 37 patents were identified as prevention, 16 patents were treatment and 8 were diagnostics related. China holds the most patents. The huge burden of dental caries in primary teeth is poorly represented in global research and development. Additionally, inventions in dental caries of the primary dentition from the European Union lagged far behind China and the US, highlighting our insufficient research initiatives and programs.
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Craig, Debbie I. "Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome: Evidence-Based Prevention." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.316.
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Abstract Reference: Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, Kimsey CD. The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(1):32–40. Clinical Question: Among physically active individuals, which medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) prevention methods are most effective to decrease injury rates? Data Sources: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966–2000), Current Contents (1996–2000), Biomedical Collection (1993–1999), and Dissertation Abstracts. Reference lists of identified studies were searched manually until no further studies were identified. Experts in the field were contacted, including first authors of randomized controlled trials addressing prevention of MTSS. The Cochrane Collaboration (early stage of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) was contacted. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials or clinical trials comparing different MTSS prevention methods with control groups. Excluded were studies that did not provide primary research data or that addressed treatment and rehabilitation rather than prevention of incident MTSS. Data Extraction: A total of 199 citations were identified. Of these, 4 studies compared prevention methods for MTSS. Three reviewers independently scored the 4 studies. Reviewers were blinded to the authors' names and affiliations but not the results. Each study was evaluated independently for methodologic quality using a 100-point checklist. Final scores were averages of the 3 reviewers' scores. Main Results: Prevention methods studied were shock-absorbent insoles, foam heel pads, Achilles tendon stretching, footwear, and graduated running programs. No statistically significant results were noted for any of the prevention methods. Median quality scores ranged from 29 to 47, revealing flaws in design, control for bias, and statistical methods. Conclusions: No current evidence supports any single prevention method for MTSS. The most promising outcomes support the use of shock-absorbing insoles. Well-designed and controlled trials are critically needed to decrease the incidence of this common injury.
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Zardkoohi, Aryana, David Castañeda, Juan C. Lol, Carmen Castillo, Francisco Lopez, Rodrigo Marín Rodriguez, and Norma Padilla. "Co-occurrence of kdr Mutations V1016I and F1534C and Its Association With Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Costa Rica." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz241.
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Abstract Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. A strong association between these mutations and permethrin and deltamethrin resistance was found in Puntarenas. Limon did not show this association; however, our results indicate that the Limon population analyzed is not under the same selective pressure as Puntarenas for the VGSC gene. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti, which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.
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Dave, Kunjal, and Patricia C. Lee. "Global Geographical and Temporal Patterns of Seasonal Influenza and Associated Climatic Factors." Epidemiologic Reviews 41, no. 1 (2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz008.
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Abstract Understanding geographical and temporal patterns of seasonal influenza can help strengthen influenza surveillance to early detect epidemics and inform influenza prevention and control programs. We examined variations in spatiotemporal patterns of seasonal influenza in different global regions and explored climatic factors that influence differences in influenza seasonality, through a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications. The literature search was conducted to identify original studies published between January 2005 and November 2016. Studies were selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was influenza cases; additional outcomes included seasonal or temporal patterns of influenza seasonality, study regions (temperate or tropical), and associated climatic factors. Of the 2,160 records identified in the selection process, 36 eligible studies were included. There were significant differences in influenza seasonality in terms of the time of onset, duration, number of peaks, and amplitude of epidemics between temperate and tropical/subtropical regions. Different viral types, cocirculation of influenza viruses, and climatic factors, especially temperature and absolute humidity, contributed to the variations in spatiotemporal patterns of seasonal influenza. The findings reported in this review could inform global surveillance of seasonal influenza and influenza prevention and control measures such as vaccination recommendations for different regions.
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Teesson, Maree, Katrina E. Champion, Nicola C. Newton, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Cath Chapman, Louise Thornton, Tim Slade, et al. "Study protocol of the Health4Life initiative: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an eHealth school-based program targeting multiple lifestyle risk behaviours among young Australians." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e035662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035662.
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IntroductionLifestyle risk behaviours, including alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, poor sleep (duration and/or quality) and sedentary recreational screen time (‘the Big 6’), are strong determinants of chronic disease. These behaviours often emerge during adolescence and co-occur. School-based interventions have the potential to address risk factors prior to the onset of disease, yet few eHealth school-based interventions target multiple behaviours concurrently. This paper describes the protocol of the Health4Life Initiative, an eHealth school-based intervention that concurrently addresses the Big 6 risk behaviours among secondary school students.Methods and analysisA multisite cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted among year 7 students (11–13 years old) from 72 Australian schools. Stratified block randomisation will be used to assign schools to either the Health4Life intervention or an active control (health education as usual). Health4Life consists of (1) six web-based cartoon modules and accompanying activities delivered during health education (once per week for 6 weeks), and a smartphone application (universal prevention), and (2) additional app content, for students engaging in two or more risk behaviours when they are in years 8 and 9 (selective prevention). Students will complete online self-report questionnaires at baseline, post intervention, and 12, 24 and 36 months after baseline. Primary outcomes are consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleep duration, sedentary recreational screen time and uptake of alcohol and tobacco use.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of Sydney (2018/882), NSW Department of Education (SERAP no. 2019006), University of Queensland (2019000037), Curtin University (HRE2019-0083) and relevant Catholic school committees. Results will be presented to schools and findings disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. This will be the first evaluation of an eHealth intervention, spanning both universal and selective prevention, to simultaneously target six key lifestyle risk factors among adolescents.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123), 18 March 2019.
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Vlachou, Maria, Kafenia Botsoglou, and Eleni Andreou. "Assessing Bully/Victim Problems in Preschool Children: A Multimethod Approach." Journal of Criminology 2013 (June 23, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/301658.
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Studies addressing the issue of bullying during the preschool period are still extremely rare. The main aim of the present research was to study the prevalence rates of bullying in preschool children using a multimethod approach. Participants were 167 preschool children (ages 4–6) and 8 classroom teachers. Measures were four forms of bullying: verbal, physical, and relational bullying and rumour spreading. Data were collected through peer nominations, self- and teacher reports, and natural observations. Results have shown that the frequencies of bullying episodes vary greatly according to the source of information. Moreover, agreement between informants was either nonsignificant or moderate. This is extremely important when conducting relevant empirical research with preschool populations. It is probable that inconsistent results obtained in previous research may be due to the selection of one or another source of information. It is of primary importance to design methodological tools that are both valid and reliable if prevention programs against victimisation are to be consistent and effective.
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Hailey, David, Laura Sampietro-colom, Deborah Marshall, Rosa Rico, Alicia Granados, and José Asua. "The Effectiveness of Bone Density Measurement and Associated Treatments for Prevention of Fractures:An International Collaborative Review." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 14, no. 2 (1998): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300012228.
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AbstractThis review assesses the evidence regarding the effectiveness of bone density measurement (BDM) screening and related interventions—hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and intranasal salmon calcitonin (SCT[N])—in menopausal women to prevent fractures in later life. Data sources included systematic reviews of evidence and relevant primary studies identified through literature searches on MEDLINE and EMBASE. Study selection included trials of BDM screening programs, prospective studies exam-ining the predictive value of BDM, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-controlstudies of HRT and SCT(N). The evidence was evaluated using a classification system incorporatingstudy design and quality. Outcomes were measured in terms of relative risk of fracture for a 1 SDdecrease in bone mineral density below the age-adjusted mean, relative risks or odds ratios forfractures associated with treatments, and proportion of hip fractures potentially prevented by BDMscreening linked to treatments. Fair evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests that BDMcan predict the risk of fractures, but not with high accuracy. Fair evidence from low-quality randomizedcontrolled trials and observational studies suggests that HRT and SCT(N) are efficacious in preventingfractures. Good evidence supports the efficacy of these treatments in preserving bone mass, butthere is fair evidence that the effect wears off after cessation of therapy. There is little evidence onthe impact of screening menopausal women with BDM in association with HRT or SCT(N) treatment.Estimates based on combining existing evidence regarding the predictive value of BDM and efficacyof HRT suggests that 1–7% of hip fractures might be prevented.
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Rivera, Matthew J., Zachary K. Winkelmann, Cameron J. Powden, and Kenneth E. Games. "Proprioceptive Training for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains: An Evidence-Based Review." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 1065–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.16.
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Reference: Schiftan GS, Ross LA, Hahne AJ. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sporting populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18(3):238–244. Clinical Question: Does the use of proprioceptive training as a sole intervention decrease the incidence of initial or recurrent ankle sprains in the athletic population? Data Sources: The authors completed a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to October 2013. The reference lists of all identified articles were manually screened to obtain additional studies. The following key words were used. Phase 1 population terms were sport*, athlet*, and a combination of the two. Phase 2 intervention terms were propriocept*, balance, neuromusc* adj5 train*, and combinations thereof. Phase 3 condition terms were ankle adj5 sprain*, sprain* adj5 ankle, and combinations thereof. Study Selection: Studies were included according to the following criteria: (1) the design was a moderate- to high-level randomized controlled trial (>4/10 on the PEDro scale), (2) the participants were physically active (regardless of previous ankle injury), (3) the intervention group received proprioceptive training only, compared with a control group that received no proprioceptive training, and (4) the rate of ankle sprains was reported as a main outcome. Search results were limited to the English language. No restrictions were placed on publication dates. Data Extraction: Two authors independently reviewed the studies for eligibility. The quality of the pertinent articles was assessed using the PEDro scale, and data were extracted to calculate the relative risk. Data extracted were number of participants, intervention, frequency, duration, follow-up period, and injury rate. Main Results: Of the initial 345 studies screened, 7 were included in this review for a total of 3726 participants. Three analyses were conducted for proprioceptive training used (1) to prevent ankle sprains regardless of history (n = 3654), (2) to prevent recurrent ankle sprains (n = 1542), or (3) as the primary preventive measure for those without a history of ankle sprain (n = 946). Regardless of a history of ankle sprain, participants had a reduction in ankle-sprain rates (relative risk [RR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55, 0.77; numbers needed to treat [NNT] = 17, 95% CI = 11, 33). For individuals with a history of ankle sprains, proprioceptive training demonstrated a reduction in repeat ankle sprains (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81; NNT = 13, 95% CI = 7, 100). Proprioceptive training as a primary preventive measure demonstrated significant results (RR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.97; NNT = 33, 95% CI = 16, 1000). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training programs were effective in reducing the incidence rates of ankle sprains in the athletic population, including those with and those without a history of ankle sprains.
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Hochstatter, Karli R., Shawnika J. Hull, Ajay K. Sethi, Marguerite E. Burns, Marlon P. Mundt, and Ryan P. Westergaard. "Promoting Safe Injection Practices, Substance Use Reduction, Hepatitis C Testing, and Overdose Prevention Among Syringe Service Program Clients Using a Computer-Tailored Intervention: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 29, 2020): e19703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19703.
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Background Syringe service programs (SSPs) are safe, highly effective programs for promoting health among people who inject drugs. However, resource limitations prevent the delivery of a full package of prevention services to many clients in need. Computer-tailored interventions may represent a promising approach for providing prevention information to people who inject drugs in resource-constrained settings. Objective The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of a computer-tailored behavioral intervention, called Hep-Net, on safe injection practices, substance use reduction, overdose prevention, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among SSP clients. Methods Using a social network–based recruitment strategy, we recruited clients of an established SSP in Wisconsin and peers from their social networks. Participants completed a computerized baseline survey and were then randomly assigned to receive the Hep-Net intervention. Components of the intervention included an overall risk synthesis, participants’ selection of a behavioral goal, and an individualized risk reduction exercise. Individuals were followed up 3 months later to assess their behavior change. The effect of Hep-Net on receiving an HCV screening test, undergoing Narcan training, reducing the frequency of drug use, and sharing drug equipment was assessed. The individual’s readiness to change each behavior was also examined. Results From 2014 to 2015, a total of 235 people who injected drugs enrolled into the Hep-Net study. Of these, 64.3% (151/235) completed the follow-up survey 3-6 months postenrollment. Compared with the control group, individuals who received the Hep-Net intervention were more likely to undergo HCV testing (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.05-4.74; P=.04) and receive Narcan training (OR 2.25, 95% CI 0.83-6.06; P=.11), and they shared drug equipment less frequently (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.55-0.65; P<.001). Similarly, individuals who received the intervention were more likely to advance in their stage of readiness to change these 3 behaviors. However, intervention participants did not appear to reduce the frequency of drug use or increase their readiness to reduce drug use more than control participants, despite the fact that the majority of the intervention participants selected this as the primary goal to focus on after participation in the baseline survey. Conclusions Implementing computer-based risk reduction interventions in SSPs may reduce harms associated with the sharing of injection equipment and prevent overdose deaths; however, brief computerized interventions may not be robust enough to overcome the challenges associated with reducing and ceasing drug use when implemented in settings centered on the delivery of prevention services. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02474043; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02474043 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/resprot.4830
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De Paepe, Pierre, Werner Soors, and Jean-Pierre Unger. "International aid policy: public disease control and private curative care?" Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, suppl 2 (2007): S273—S281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400016.
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Integrating disease control with health care delivery increases the prospects for successful disease control. This paper examines whether current international aid policy tends to allocate disease control and curative care to different sectors, preventing such integration. Typically, disease control has been conceptualized in vertical programs. This changed with the Alma Ata vision of comprehensive care, but was soon encouraged again by the Selective Primary Health Care concept. Documents are analyzed from the most influential actors in the field, e.g. World Health Organization, World Bank, and European Union. These agencies do indeed have a doctrine on international aid policy: to allocate disease control to the public sector and curative health care to the private sector, wherever possible. We examine whether there is evidence to support such a doctrine. Arguments justifying integration are discussed, as well as those that critically analyze the consequences of non-integration. Answers are sought to the crucial question of why important stakeholders continue to insist on separating disease control from curative care. We finally make a recommendation for all international actors to address health care and disease control together, from a systems perspective.
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Akhmedova, Anastasiia A., Oleksandr M. Ocheredko, and Volodymyr P. Klimenyk. "ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE GASTROPATHY RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903118.
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Introduction: For primary health care patients with concomitant morbidity are usual phenomena. Combination of gastropathy with arterial hypertension is increasingly being studied. However, the assessing of the medical and economic effectiveness of treatment of patients with concomitant morbidity still methodologically challenging. The issue aggravated by different cushion programs aimed to alleviate financial burden to indigent population. These cover non-expensive drugs with probable hazard to concomitant morbidity. The aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of the gastropathy risk reduction program in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods: data on 150 patients with AH collected by panel design with dynamic cohort traced up to 17 years. We have elaborated a program for the prevention of gastropathy in patients taking antihypertensive therapy. Program is based on regulations of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, adapted clinical guidelines, and other official sources of information, since holistic prevention of gastropathy is not depicted in any source. Two main cohorts were distinguished: those in prevention program (PP) and patients with usual treatment. 6 built in cohorts (Group№0-№5) helped to diversify PP across groups of different severity. Event of interest was incidence or aggravation of gastropathy (gastroduodenitis mainly). We used Poisson model to study average treatment effect of PP on annual number of aggravations. Results: The main effect of program participation is significant in a model of fixed effects (β = -0.269; p = 0.0156), and even more supportive in the mixed model (β = -0.282; p = 0.0097). Other components with a variable “PP participation”, namely participation in the program given the group, participation in the program given GP duration, participation in the program given compliance, appeared to be nonsignificant, that suggest absence of substantial selection bias due to non-randomness of allocation. The greatest risk reduction due to program participation was in patients of Group0, that is, in patients with hypertension who do not receive antihypertensive therapy. In groups №1-№5 with more aggressive hypertension treatment the effects of program participation are obvious but less pronounced. Conclusions: The elaborated program differentiates patients by groups and furthermore allows one to consider each patient characteristics, taking into account income, age, gender, progression of the disease, comorbidity, drugs the patient takes. The established program based on cooperation of patient, general practitioner, and gastroenterologist. We reduced selection bias due to possible randomness blemishes in allocation to the PP by control function method. The main effect of program participation is significant in a model of fixed effects (β = -0.269; p = 0.0156), and even more supportive in the mixed model (β = -0.282; p = 0.0097).
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Kornilova, Ekaterina B., Kseniya I. Polyakova, Aleksandr A. Zavyalov, and Tat’yana N. Ermolaeva. "Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the management of glaucoma with prostaglandin analogs." Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, no. 5 (November 6, 2020): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-5-258-263.
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Introduction. Prevention and treatment of glaucoma, which threatens the development of blindness, is one of the most important medical and social problems facing modern society in the era of value-based health care. However, against the background of a wide selection of prostaglandin-F2α analogs, which have an approximately similar level of decrease in ophthalmotonus, a clinical and economic argumentation is required for the approach when forming a budget for drug treatment of glaucoma. The aim of the study. To assess the burden on the health budget of the city of Moscow when using the fluorinated prostaglandin-F2α analog as compared to other prostaglandin-F2α analogs for the treatment of adult patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Material and methods. There was studied data on the population of patients with a diagnosis of «glaucoma» receiving medication from the budgetary funds of the city of Moscow. The direct medical costs of healthcare in Moscow were calculated for preparations of prostaglandin-F2α analogs for the treatment of adult patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in various clinical options for 5 years. Results. The use of the fluorinated prostaglandin-F2α analog drug Tafluprost in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma is economically justified, while budget savings in the 5-year horizon amounted to 196,777,224.60 rubles, 12,295,378.28 rubles in the baseline scenario (default appointment). and 116 084 865.02 rubles, and in alternative scenarios (appointment for adverse events on Latanoprost) - 125 113 646.70 rubles, 43 942 565.04 rubles. and 89,609,415.58 rubles, respectively. Conclusion. The inclusion of the drug Tafluprost in the drug supply programs of the Moscow healthcare system will increase the efficiency of the use of financial resources and increase the availability of drug supply.
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Platt, Stephen, and Thomas Niederkrotenthaler. "Suicide Prevention Programs." Crisis 41, Supplement 1 (March 1, 2020): S99—S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000671.
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Abstract. This chapter presents a narrative synthesis of the evidence relating to the effectiveness of 13 different approaches (interventions) that have been incorporated into national suicide prevention programs. These approaches are presented in an analytic framework that distinguishes between national and community-based multilevel programs, prevention, and treatment/maintenance. The primary source of evidence are six reviews of reviews published since 2005, supplemented by a small number of systematic reviews and primary studies. We report strongly supportive evidence concerning the effectiveness of structural interventions (restrictions on access to bridges, tall buildings, and railways) and restriction on access to pharmacological agents. Weakly supportive evidence of effectiveness is available for community-based multilevel programs; restrictions on access to firearms and ligature points in institutional settings; settings-based programs (in schools, communities, workplaces, prisons, and the armed forces); education and training targeted at primary care physicians; lithium; cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy; and brief contact. There is insufficient or conflicting evidence concerning the effectiveness of the remaining approaches. We conclude that the evidence base for effective suicide prevention is far from convincing. Major improvement in the extent and quality of collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and practitioners and a considerable increase in funding for evaluation studies in suicide prevention are required if the current knowledge gap about effective interventions is to be bridged.
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Tunney, Robert K., Daniel C. Johnson, Li Wang, and Zachary L. Cox. "Impact of Pharmacist Intervention to Increase Compliance With Guideline-Directed Statin Therapy During an Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 51, no. 5 (January 6, 2017): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028016687322.
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Background: Despite evidence on poor adherence to guideline-directed statin therapy (GDST) following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), little information has been published on pharmacist-led statin pilot programs for secondary prevention. Objective: We sought to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist intervention (PI) on GDST during an ACS hospitalization. Methods: A historical control (HC) group consisting of 125 ACS hospitalizations was retrospectively identified, with prospective data of 113 patients captured over 6 months in the PI group. The primary outcome of GDST was defined according to 2013 clinical guidelines and evaluated in all 238 qualifying patients. Secondary outcomes included number of interventions and use of logistic regression to investigate the relationship of ACS subtype with statin dose. Results: On admission, GDST was ordered in 62.5% of the HC and 75.9% of the PI group. At discharge, the PI group had a higher rate of GDST relative to HC among all patients (86.7 % vs 77.4%, P = 0.06), and after exclusion of contraindications (84.8% vs 74.5%; P = 0.1), 10 patients required PI, accounting for an increase in GDST of 5.3%. Statin dose selection did not differ by ACS subtype (odds ratio = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.0.29-2.17; P = 0.18). Conclusion: PI did not significantly increase GDST. Increased compliance rates measured were primarily driven by higher baseline adherence and guideline incorporation over time.
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Huhn, Robert R., and Robert V. Volski. "Primary Prevention Programs for Business and Industry." Physical Therapy 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/65.12.1840.
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McLaughlin, John M., Farid L. Khan, Elizabeth A. Thoburn, Raul E. Isturiz, and David L. Swerdlow. "1613. Rates of Hospitalization for Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among US Adults: A Systematic Review." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S588—S589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1477.
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Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) develops in persons outside of a healthcare facility and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Estimating the incidence of CAP is challenging because it lacks a standardized case definition and because study designs and selection criteria vary. Reconciling these differences across studies is critical for understanding the true burden of CAP which, in turn, informs prevention strategies, including vaccination. Methods We performed a systemic literature review of studies describing the incidence of hospitalized CAP among adults in the United States. Specifically, we examined the impact of the following study characteristics on estimates of incidence: (i) study population, (ii) study type and data source, and (iii) diagnostic criteria for pneumonia. Results After review of 8361 articles as of January 31, 2019, we identified 26 studies which contained 39 unique CAP estimates. Among adults ≥65 years of age, annual rates of hospitalized CAP ranged from 847 to 3,500 per 100,000 persons with median = 1,830. Rates were lower in studies that excluded patients with healthcare-associated (but community-onset) pneumonia (HCAP; median = 2,003 vs. 1,286; P = .02) or immunocompromising conditions (median = 1,895 vs. 1,409; P = .29). Rates of CAP were also lower in studies that used more restrictive criteria for diagnosing pneumonia (e.g., pneumonia coded in any diagnosis position [median = 2,246] vs. pneumonia coded in the first position only [median = 1,375] in studies of administrative claims; P = 0.03). For adults <65 years of age, annual rates of CAP were lower (range = 89 to 1,024 per 100,000; median = 210). Conclusion CAP causes a significant disease burden among adults, particularly among those ≥65 years of age where the incidence of hospitalization is approximately 2,000 per 100,000 annually. Commonly-applied exclusion criteria (e.g., persons with HCAP or immunocompromising conditions) or restrictive case definitions (e.g., only including pneumonias coded in the primary diagnosis position) have led to systematic underestimation of CAP incidence in many previous studies. Understanding the true burden of adult CAP is critical for highlighting the ongoing need for expanded prevention programs, including vaccination. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Volkova, E. N., and S. I. Belyaeva. "“Anxious Assessment of Prospects” and Psychological Well-Being of Gifted Adolescents." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 80 (2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/80/5.
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The article addresses subjective factors of psychological well-being of gifted adolescents. This work was focused on the relationship between psychological well-being of gifted adoles-cents and their anxiety level in assessment of future prospects. To achieve this goal, we used the Integrative test of anxiety, which approaches anxiety as a multidimensional mental phenomenon, and the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, which has an integral scale of psychological well-being, as well as six subscales aimed at studying its structure. The study involved 422 adolescents aged 15-17 who passed the expert selection for spe-cialized educational programs in St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod. To compare the data, we used the results of a control group survey that consisted of adolescents with standard level of abilities enrolled in secondary schools in St. Petersburg and Smolensk. The results of this study suggest that anxious assessment of prospects, as a structural component of anxiety, in gifted adolescents and adolescents with standard level of abilities has a common trend: an increase in anxiety in predicting the possibility of an unfavorable outcome is associated with a decrease in psychological well-being. In gifted adolescents, it is associated with a decrease in the sense of self-acceptance, autonomy and competence. At the same time, an increase in anxious assessment of prospects (in the range of standard values) in gifted adolescents is associated with an increase in personal growth - a desire to cognize and improve oneself and one's own behavior, to realize one's own potential and increase one's effectiveness. In gifted adolescents, the values of the scale "Anxious assessment of prospects" were much more variable than in the control group, while the highest values on this scale were found in adolescents with intellectual giftedness and the smallest - in adolescents with sports giftedness. The obtained results might be applied in primary prevention of the gifted teenagers’ maladaptation during age and social crises, as well as in secondary prevention, when rates of overall anxiety and its structural components can serve as markers of early (latent) maladjustment phases.
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Russell, Beth S., Preston A. Britner, and Jennifer L. Woolard. "The Promise of Primary Prevention Home Visiting Programs." Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 34, no. 1-2 (August 23, 2007): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j005v34n01_07.
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Kelly, Michael, Heather Freed, Peggy Kubert, and Sarah Greibler. "Depression Education As Primary Prevention." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 1206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22305.
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Major depression is a treatable and common mental health disorder for youth. Untreated depression is a major risk factor for youth who become suicidal and die by suicide. Recent focus in the school-based literature on creating universal mental health promotion programs have recognized the need for effective depression awareness education programs to assist youth in identifying symptoms of depression in themselves and their peers, and to encourage those youth to seek trusted adults for help. A quasi-experimental design (QED) was employed in two suburban Chicago high schools (n=652) to evaluate the intervention, Real Teenagers Talking About Adolescent Depression (RTTAAD), a video-based universal classroom discussion intervention created by clinical social workers, parents, and youth. The analysis showed that RTTAAD led to statistically significant changes in adolescent knowledge about depression and their stated willingness to seek help from trusted adults at 6-week follow-up compared to a control classroom condition. This study supports the notion that school social workers and other school mental health professionals need to allocate more time to primary prevention work to help build mental health awareness in their school communities and to help prevent depression and suicidal behavior.
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Durlak, Joseph A., and Anne M. Wells. "Primary Prevention Mental Health Programs: The Future is Exciting." American Journal of Community Psychology 25, no. 2 (April 1997): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024674631189.
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Conyne, Robert K., Donald I. Wagner, Thomas D. Hadley, Melinda A. Piles, Valerie Schorr-Owen, and Michael T. Enderly. "Applying Primary Prevention Precepts to Campus Substance Abuse Programs." Journal of Counseling & Development 72, no. 6 (July 8, 1994): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1994.tb01689.x.
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Weinberg, Joanna K., and David I. Levine. "A Primer on Tort Liability of Primary Prevention Programs." Prevention in Human Services 8, no. 2 (December 14, 1990): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j293v08n02_05.
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Bushy, Angeline. "Implementing primary prevention programs for adolescents in rural environments." Journal of Primary Prevention 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01324594.
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Fleaca, Radu, Mihai Roman, Tiberiu Bățagă, Andrei-Marian Feier, Radu Prejbeanu, Vlad Predescu, Sándor-György Zuh, István Gergely, and Octav Russu. "Prevention of Primary ACL Injuries: A Novel, Innovative Approach." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 2, s3 (May 1, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jim-2017-0041.
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AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are increasing amongst professional and recreational athletes, and creating prevention programs to reduce the occurrence of ACL damages is becoming a necessity. To prevent an ACL tear, it is necessary to comprehend the mechanisms and the risk factors of injury. Biomechanical and clinical studies try to understand these complex mechanisms in order to identify factors that can be improved and to develop training programs to prevent at least non-contact ACL injuries. There are several promising programs, but there are still many questions to answer. This paper analyzes the risk factors for ACL injuries and some aspects of the modern programs developed to decrease the rate of ACL tears.
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Zozulya, G. A. "The Program for the Prevention of Deviant Behavior in Primary School Students Using Folk Games." Вестник практической психологии образования 17, no. 4 (2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2020170406.
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The program belongs to the preventive psychological and pedagogical direction. In this particular version, the program is aimed at preventive and psychocorrectional work with children using folk games. The phenomenon of folk play in the program is used as a technological resource in working with children to develop socialization, adaptive resources, communication skills, and prevention of deviant behavior. It can be applied to almost any school age. In folk games, the following psycho-emotional states are modeled and experienced in safe conditions: fear, aggression, resentment, rejection, power, and being chosen. It is an intensive and safe way to socialize and prevent deviance. If the play stage in the child’s life has not been worked out, then, getting a varied and complex experience of interpersonal communication and interaction in the game, the participant in the game is freed from the already acquired destructive stereotypes and clamps at the emotional and bodily lev-el. Game situations most successfully form the personal qualities set forth in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of primary general education: benevolence, the ability to cooperate, find ways out of difficult situations, be responsible for their actions. This program involves a whole range of psycho-preventive measures, which are aimed not only at the individual psychologi-cal and pedagogical correction of the student’s personality, but also at restoring his social status in the peer group. The folk game, included in the psycho-preventive program as the main attribute, does not require additional material and technical costs and educational and methodological sup-port, but requires serious training on the part of a teacher-psychologist. Here, knowledge is needed about the psychological impact of folk games, the range of their application, age qualification, as well as the psychophysiological characteristics of children of this age in the selection of games, the psycho-emotional load of games, the order of alternation of games.
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Rae-Grant, Naomi I. "Primary Prevention: Implications for the Child Psychiatrist." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (August 1988): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300603.
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This paper emphasizes the importance of primary prevention, reviews some of the conceptual underpinnings of the subject, considers promising intervention programs which could be utilized now, discusses the current state of research in the field and suggests roles for the psychiatrist.
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Gilstrap, Lauren Gray, Carina Fernandez-Golarz, Rajeev Malhotra, Eliana Pineda, Donna Peltier-Saxe, and Malissa Wood. "COMMUNITY-BASED, PRIMARY PREVENTION PROGRAMS IMPROVE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59, no. 13 (March 2012): E1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(12)61753-7.
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Long-Hall, Carolyn K., and James W. Busbin. "Implications of Addiction Theory for Primary and Secondary Prevention Programs." Health Marketing Quarterly 7, no. 3-4 (August 3, 1990): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v07n03_04.
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Archer, Robert P. "Primary Prevention Programs for Smoking: Will They Play in Peoria?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 31, no. 12 (December 1986): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/024359.
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HALM, MARGO A., and JODI DENKER. "Primary Prevention Programs to Reduce Heart Disease Risk in Women." Clinical Nurse Specialist 17, no. 2 (March 2003): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200303000-00019.
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Conner, Ross F. "Ethical Issues in Evaluating the Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Programs." Prevention in Human Services 8, no. 2 (December 14, 1990): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j293v08n02_06.
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Kaminski, Thomas W., Alan R. Needle, and Eamonn Delahunt. "Prevention of Lateral Ankle Sprains." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 6 (May 22, 2019): 650–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-487-17.
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Context Given the frequency of ankle sprains, especially in the athletic population, prevention is a primary task of athletic trainers and other sports health care professionals. Objective To discuss the current evidence as it relates to prophylactic programs for the prevention of ankle sprains and to provide critical interpretation of the evidence supporting and refuting the implementation of preventive programs. Conclusions External prophylactic supports and preventive exercise programs are effective for reducing the risk of ankle sprains in both uninjured and previously injured populations. Ankle bracing appears to offer the best outcomes in terms of cost and risk reduction. However, there remains a paucity of well-designed, prospective randomized controlled trials relevant to the primary prevention of lateral ankle sprains, especially across a range of sport settings.
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Sultan, Sherif, and Niamh Hynes. "Cardiovascular disease: primary prevention, disease modulation and regenerative therapy." Vascular 20, no. 5 (September 27, 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/vasc.2012.ra0062.
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Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs are the contemporary frontiers in functional metabolic vascular medicine. This novel science perspective harnesses our inherent ability to modulate the interface between specialized gene receptors and bioavailable nutrients in what is labeled as the nutrient–gene interaction. By mimicking a natural process through the conveyance of highly absorbable receptor specific nutrients, it is feasible to accelerate cell repair and optimize mitochondrial function, thereby achieving cardiovascular cure. We performed a comprehensive review of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Review databases for articles relating to cardiovascular regenerative medicine, nutrigenomics and primary prevention, with the aim of harmonizing their roles within contemporary clinical practice. We searched in particular for large-scale randomized controlled trials on contemporary cardiovascular pharmacotherapies and their specific adverse effects on metabolic pathways which feature prominently in cardiovascular regenerative programs, such as nitric oxide and glucose metabolism. Scientific research on ‘cardiovascular-free’ centenarians delineated that low sugar and low insulin are consistent findings. As we age, our insulin level increases. Those who can decelerate the rapidity of this process are prompting their cardiovascular rejuvenation. It is beginning to dawn on some clinicians that contemporary treatments are not only failing to impact on our most prevalent diseases, but they may be causing more damage than good. Primary prevention programs are crucial elements for a better outcome. Cardiovascular primary prevention and regeneration programs have enhanced clinical efficacy and quality of life and complement our conventional endovascular practice.
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Caha, Dinka, Helena Križan, and Irena Velimirović. "Current state of selective prevention practice of drug abuse in Croatia." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 25, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.25.2.3.
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Drug use is a phenomenon which seriously disturbs the health and the ability to function socially and in a balanced manner for a large number of young people in Croatia who are at the most sensitive stage of their individual development (Petrović, 1983; as cited in Bouillet, 2007). The perspective of developmental psychopathology helps to create all-encompassing theoretical models that explain the development of problems related to drug abuse, identify the groups that have the highest risk and guide the creation of logical models for prevention programs. This paper offers a hypothesized model of development of addiction problems in adolescence from the perspective of developmental psychopathology and uses it as a tool to analyse the current state of selective prevention practice in Croatia. The national focal point for drugs and drug addiction is located within the Office for Combating Drug Abuse of the Government of the Republic of Croatia. This Office also runs a Database of projects and programs administered in the field of drug demand reduction. According to the database review performed by the authors on June 26th 2016, 57 selective prevention programs were identified that fit the criteria for being “selective” (according to the definition by Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994). Among these, 15 selective prevention programs were identified as matching the criteria of “program” used by the US Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS, 2013a & 2013b). The suggested theoretical model was subsequently compared to the goals and activities of these programs.
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Gorman, D. M. "Etiological Theories and the Primary Prevention of Drug Use." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 2 (April 1996): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600210.
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Since the early 1980s, the social influence model has dominated the field of primary prevention research. Social influence programs generally take the form of standardized curricula, aimed at all members of broadly defined target populations. Evaluative research has employed a fundamentally inductive methodology, the goal of which is to generate successive “confirming instances” of program effectiveness among these broad populations. As a result, prevention research has largely stagnated, and has not availed itself of recent findings from basic research such as those reported in this issue. This research tells us that the relationship between peer group affiliation and drug use is reciprocal and not unidirectional as assumed in most social influence programs, that the scope of intervention efforts must be broadened because the processes involved in the initiation of drug use are far more complex than suggested by the theories on which current prevention efforts are based, and that programs should be targeted rather than universal as some individuals are at greater risk of developing a problem with drugs than others.
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Odraskova, Barbora, Michal Kozubík, and Lukas Odraska. "YOUNGSTER’S ATTITUDES TO SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION PROGRAMS FOCUSED ON DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 22, 2016): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.774.
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paper focuses on primary prevention of drug addiction, in particular the primary prevention programs implemented in school environments. It contains the results of a quantitative research conducted using a non-standardized questionnaire method. The study objective was to identify differences in attitudes of a group of pupils towards the issue of drug addiction before and after they completed the school-based prevention program. The study found that after completing the school-based prevention program there was improvement in attitudes towards the issue of drug addiction in the specific group of pupils. The number of appropriate answers to the question “Alcohol makes people happy” increased by 18.82 %. respondents (62.70%) disagreed that they would adapt themselves if their opinion differed to the majority. The number of positive answers to the question “Smoking is addictive” increased by 13.66%; the number of positive answers to the question “Drinking alcohol is harmful” increased by 24.93%; and all respondents agreed with the statement that smoking threatens health.
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Mscichowski, Ola, Allison Muzzey, Doug Cope-Barnes, Abby Hunt, and Mary Ott. "Primary Versus Secondary Prevention in Evidence-Based Pregnancy Prevention Programs for System-Involved Adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Health 60, no. 2 (February 2017): S97—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.373.
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Loock, Christine, Emile Beaulieu, Matthew Carwana, Tanjot Singh, Denise Hanson, and Shazeen Suleman. "ADDRESSING ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) BY COMBINING PUBLIC HEALTH, SOCIAL PEDIATRIC AND RICHER COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHES." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e55-e55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.138.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The Canadian Social Pediatric Interest Group has developed emerging research partnerships over the past decade. In this multi-centre partnership, we characterize social paediatrics programs (SPPs) in three dimensions: 1) fostering health equity; 2) inter-professional integration, and 3) community embeddedness, all of which involve independently complex sets of interventions. The aim of the RICHER (responsive, interdisciplinary, community health, education and research) SPP is to provide timely access to prevention and intervention services for children and youth at higher risk due to multiple social determinants of health(SDoH) including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and material and social poverty. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to 1) translate SPP knowledge and experience into policy and practice through formal literature reviews and mixed methods research, 2) further develop and integrate SPPs quality improvement(QI) and research, and 3) integrate trauma informed ACE research findings into primary care and paediatric practices in Canada. DESIGN/METHODS Following established realist synthesis methodology, built on earlier mixed methods research, a literature review was undertaken to identify key mechanisms linking context/environment to health outcomes. The study method included: (1) identifying the review question, (2) formulating the initial theory, (3) searching for primary studies, (4) selecting and appraising study quality, (5) extracting, analyzing and synthesizing relevant data, and (6) refining the theory. Using mixed methods approaches, the RICHER SPP research data was analyzed to identify outcomes, develop and update logic models. Health professional survey of paediatric specialists and surgeons has been developed to explore knowledge of ACEs and SDoH and how these impact practice. RESULTS Analyses of the literature for the realist synthesis resulted in semi-predictable patterns where outcomes could be linked to activities through mechanisms. Key mechanisms were 1) willingness to share power, 2) bridging trust and relationships 3) inter-professional knowledge support and 4) family/ community empowerment. Key features of RICHER SPPs included trust, equity and partnerships, leading to parental and community engagement, improved access to services and enriched environments. There was a measured ‘critical difference’ in vulnerability on the HELP Early Developmental Index (EDI) during the study period. An approach to integrating and evaluating ACEs in different SPP practice settings has been initiated through research and QI projects. CONCLUSION Our realist synthesis identified processes of care that were effective in improving health and developmental outcomes for children and youth with adverse social and material circumstances. ‘RICHER’ SPPs, distributed in neighbourhood spaces, link primary and specialist care for vulnerable children and youth, improve health and developmental outcomes and foster equitable access to health care and transition services. These approaches may be translated into other contexts to improve access for more socially vulnerable children and youth and better integrate our knowledge of ACES into paediatric and youth health practices.
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McLoughlin, Gabriella M., Eric M. Wiedenman, Sarah Gehlert, and Ross C. Brownson. "Looking beyond the Lamppost: Population-Level Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238720.
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Although innovative and impactful interventions are necessary for the primary prevention of breast cancer, the factors influencing program adoption, implementation, and sustainment are key, yet remain poorly understood. Insufficient attention has been paid to the primary prevention of breast cancer in state and national cancer plans, limiting the impact of evidence-based interventions on population health. This commentary highlights the state of primary prevention of breast cancer and gaps in the current literature. As a way to enhance the reach and adoption of cancer prevention policies and programs, the utility of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is highlighted. Examples of how D&I could be applied to study policies and programs for chronic disease prevention are described, in addition to needs for future research. Through application of D&I science and a strong focus on health equity, a clearer understanding of contextual factors influencing the success of prevention programs will be achieved, ultimately impacting population health.
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20101228-04.
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991105900106.
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991105900107.
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Fabian, Carol J., and Bruce F. Kimler. "Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 8 (March 10, 2005): 1644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.11.005.
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Durlak, Joseph A. "Primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents are effective." Journal of Mental Health 7, no. 5 (January 1998): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638239817842.
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