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Academic literature on the topic 'Selective primary prevention programs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Borzucka-Sitkiewicz, Katarzyna, and Karina Leksy. "Review of preventive and educational programs referring to healthy eating and physical activity implemented in primary schools in the city of Bytom (in the context of cancer prevention)." Men Disability Society 47, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0697.

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The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, including cancers, is becoming a very serious public health problem. The main risk factor in its etiology is life style including unhealthy diet and low level of physical activity. Knowledge and health awareness regarding this issue is an essential element of oncological prevention and education aimed at changing people’s behaviour toward health-oriented. Presented results are a part of broader diagnostic activities undertaken within the Onkogranty II project. They include an analysis of internal and external preventive programs implemented in schools in Bytom in the context cancer risk factors such as low physical activity and unhealthy diet. The analysis shows that in the surveyed schools many activities are undertaken to promote a healthy diet and physical activity, but in most cases there is no reference to the cancer prevention. Many initiatives are action-based, not supported by the diagnosis of the school community’s health needs. The results obtained show that the selection of a preventive program should be preceded by a diagnosis of the needs of both students, parents and the entire school/local community. After its implementation, it would be necessary to evaluate the actions taken to assess the effectiveness of the program and introduce the necessary modifications. It is also worth taking care of regularity and helicity of the transmitted content in order to consolidate and systematize the knowledge and skills of students. Above all, taking into account epidemiological data on the prevalence of cancer, content related to oncological prevention should be included in school’s preventive and educational programs as well as in health education.

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Tappis, Hannah, Shannon Doocy, Christopher Haskew, Caroline Wilkinson, Allison Oman, and Paul Spiegel. "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Feeding Program Performance in Kenya and Tanzania: A Retrospective Analysis of Routine Health Information System Data." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 33, no. 2 (June 2012): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651203300209.

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Background The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Health Information System is a primary source of routine nutrition program data and provides a comprehensive assessment of UNHCR selective feeding programs in more than 90 refugee camps in 18 countries worldwide. Objective To evaluate the coverage and effectiveness of UNHCR supplementary and therapeutic feeding programs for malnourished children under 5 years of age in Kenya and Tanzania refugee camps. Methods Analysis of Kenya and Tanzania refugee camp population, growth monitoring, and nutrition program data from the UNHCR Health Information System. Results UNHCR-supported implementing partners in Kenya and Tanzania admitted nearly 45,000 malnourished refugee children in selective feeding programs between January 2006 and May 2009. Average recovery rates of 77.1% and 84.6% in the therapeutic and supplementary programs, respectively, mortality rates of less than 1%, and average readmission below 5% suggest that feeding programs had a beneficial effect on enrolled children. Conclusions Increasing admission and enrollment in supplementary feeding programs was successful in preventing cases of severe malnutrition in some camps. Further attention to these camps would be likely to yield sizeable benefits in terms of absolute reductions in malnutrition prevalence and mortality rates.

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Lynne Beal, A. "A Transition Program Based on the Learning Characteristics of Grade 9 Students." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 8, no. 1 (September 1992): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359200800106.

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This article describes a primary prevention program that was implemented for grade 9 students in a multicultural high school in Toronto. The goal of the program was to determine the learning styles of the grade 9 class as a whole and to encourage teachers to better meet students' needs in the regular classes. Students with needs that could not be met through the regular classroom curriculum were identified early and referred to resource staff in the school for secondary prevention programs. The learning styles of grade 9 students were determined through a group-administered learning styles inventory, writing samples, and estimates of students' academic skill levels provided by their grade 8 teachers. Teachers attempted to prevent students from failing by selecting materials and texts at suitable reading levels, providing remediation within the curriculum, teaching study skills, and reporting to parents. Inservice training was provided for teachers to enable them to use these primary prevention strategies in their classrooms.

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Hickerson, Benjamin D. "Measuring Physical Activity in Youth Settings: Considerations for Instrument Selection." Journal of Youth Development 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.169.

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Increasing physical activity participation has become one of the primary strategies for prevention of early-onset health conditions including obesity and Type II diabetes. Youth programs including summer camps and after-school programs are premium providers of physical activity opportunities, but researchers and administrators of these programs must be able to effectively collect and interpret physical activity data to make program adjustments and communicate results. This article reviews existing methods for physical activity measurement including self-reports and objective instruments and makes suggestions for their applicability. Pedometers are covered in-depth as they may be the method of choice in many youth settings. These devices are unobtrusive, have a relatively low cost, and provide excellent data quality. Proper physical activity measurement in youth settings can provide information about effective intervention strategies and may also encourage on-site participants to increase their physical activity frequency.

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Espinoza-Espinosa, Viridiana. "Universities and programs promoting health in Mexico." Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA 9, no. 18 (July 5, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v9i18.5702.

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Introduction: Universities are the ideal place to promote health because it offers facilities to provide comprehensive care as marked by the World Health Organization (1986) in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. This is how this work seeks to describe the health promotion programs of universities in Mexico to generate relevant information on this particular topic. Objective: To describe the health promotion programs of higher education institutions in Mexico. Methodology: The review was carried out in PUBMED, CROSSREF, LILACS, SCIELO and government institutions indexing sources. For the selection of articles, it was considered to analyze government pages such as RMUPS and public and private universities due to lack of information. The review criteria that were taken into account were the objective, areas of attention, type of user, level of prevention and finally operation of the health promotion programs of the universities. Results: Of the programs of institutions of higher education reviewed it was found that they have similarities regarding their objectives where the majority promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles, in addition to the fact that a wide group of services such as medical care, nutritional care, and psychological care as the main, the operation of the program is diverse and 100% manage a level of primary prevention. Conclusions: There is a clear and direct interests by the authorities of the different universities in Mexico, there are currently 43 institutions that make up the RMUPS.

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Criado, Victoria, and Andrew Tawse-Smith. "Compliance & dexterity, factors to consider in home care and maintenance procedures." Brazilian Oral Research 21, spe (2007): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242007000500007.

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Mechanical plaque control appears to be the primary means of controlling supragingival dental plaque build-up. Although daily oral hygiene practices and periodic professional care are considered the basis for any program aimed at the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, these procedures are technically demanding, time consuming and can be affected by the compliance and manual dexterity of the patient. Individual skills and acquired behavior patterns determine effectiveness of a preventive program and oral hygiene practice. Successful preventive programs and home care procedures clearly depend on the interaction and commitment between the dental professional and the patient. Identifying the capacity of the individual to comply with the professional recommendations and evaluating the dexterity of the patient to remove supragingival dental plaque will permit the implementation of an adequate preventive program and can help on the selection of adjunctive antimicrobial agents and devices needed to reach an effective oral care routine.

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Bencze, Zsuzsa, Nadine Fraihat, and Orsolya Varga. "Patent Landscape Analysis of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122220.

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Inventions from the field of health research are mostly protected by patents. The main objective of this study is to identify the research and development trends of dental innovations for children, with a special focus on the inventions for dental caries in primary teeth and early childhood caries (ECC) by performing a patent landscape analysis on a global scale with special attention to the role of European countries in patenting activities. A patent landscape analysis is a tool used to identify trends in different areas of innovations. Patents and patent applications were extracted from Orbit Intelligence. The keyword based search process was refined by manual selection and grouped into prevention, treatment and diagnosis categories. The absolute number and legal status of patent families, priority years, priority countries, and assignees were examined. The total number of patents of dental caries in primary teeth was 61. According to the legal status of the patents, 27% are granted, 19% pending and 54% are dead. The earliest patent is from 1931 and the most recent is from 2018. Regarding the field of inventions, 37 patents were identified as prevention, 16 patents were treatment and 8 were diagnostics related. China holds the most patents. The huge burden of dental caries in primary teeth is poorly represented in global research and development. Additionally, inventions in dental caries of the primary dentition from the European Union lagged far behind China and the US, highlighting our insufficient research initiatives and programs.

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Craig, Debbie I. "Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome: Evidence-Based Prevention." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.316.

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Abstract Reference: Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, Kimsey CD. The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(1):32–40. Clinical Question: Among physically active individuals, which medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) prevention methods are most effective to decrease injury rates? Data Sources: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966–2000), Current Contents (1996–2000), Biomedical Collection (1993–1999), and Dissertation Abstracts. Reference lists of identified studies were searched manually until no further studies were identified. Experts in the field were contacted, including first authors of randomized controlled trials addressing prevention of MTSS. The Cochrane Collaboration (early stage of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) was contacted. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials or clinical trials comparing different MTSS prevention methods with control groups. Excluded were studies that did not provide primary research data or that addressed treatment and rehabilitation rather than prevention of incident MTSS. Data Extraction: A total of 199 citations were identified. Of these, 4 studies compared prevention methods for MTSS. Three reviewers independently scored the 4 studies. Reviewers were blinded to the authors' names and affiliations but not the results. Each study was evaluated independently for methodologic quality using a 100-point checklist. Final scores were averages of the 3 reviewers' scores. Main Results: Prevention methods studied were shock-absorbent insoles, foam heel pads, Achilles tendon stretching, footwear, and graduated running programs. No statistically significant results were noted for any of the prevention methods. Median quality scores ranged from 29 to 47, revealing flaws in design, control for bias, and statistical methods. Conclusions: No current evidence supports any single prevention method for MTSS. The most promising outcomes support the use of shock-absorbing insoles. Well-designed and controlled trials are critically needed to decrease the incidence of this common injury.

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Zardkoohi, Aryana, David Castañeda, Juan C. Lol, Carmen Castillo, Francisco Lopez, Rodrigo Marín Rodriguez, and Norma Padilla. "Co-occurrence of kdr Mutations V1016I and F1534C and Its Association With Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Costa Rica." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz241.

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Abstract Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. A strong association between these mutations and permethrin and deltamethrin resistance was found in Puntarenas. Limon did not show this association; however, our results indicate that the Limon population analyzed is not under the same selective pressure as Puntarenas for the VGSC gene. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti, which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.

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Dave, Kunjal, and Patricia C. Lee. "Global Geographical and Temporal Patterns of Seasonal Influenza and Associated Climatic Factors." Epidemiologic Reviews 41, no. 1 (2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz008.

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Abstract Understanding geographical and temporal patterns of seasonal influenza can help strengthen influenza surveillance to early detect epidemics and inform influenza prevention and control programs. We examined variations in spatiotemporal patterns of seasonal influenza in different global regions and explored climatic factors that influence differences in influenza seasonality, through a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications. The literature search was conducted to identify original studies published between January 2005 and November 2016. Studies were selected using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was influenza cases; additional outcomes included seasonal or temporal patterns of influenza seasonality, study regions (temperate or tropical), and associated climatic factors. Of the 2,160 records identified in the selection process, 36 eligible studies were included. There were significant differences in influenza seasonality in terms of the time of onset, duration, number of peaks, and amplitude of epidemics between temperate and tropical/subtropical regions. Different viral types, cocirculation of influenza viruses, and climatic factors, especially temperature and absolute humidity, contributed to the variations in spatiotemporal patterns of seasonal influenza. The findings reported in this review could inform global surveillance of seasonal influenza and influenza prevention and control measures such as vaccination recommendations for different regions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Stewart-Campbell, Rachel Monique. "Perceived Barriers for Implementing Primary Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4409.

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Adolescents continue to be at increased risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI's). This research study describes the perception of barriers that providers in the Tampa Bay area encounter when implementing primary STI prevention programs for adolescents within the community context. This study used semi structured interviews to explore perceived barriers for implementing primary such programs for adolescents in the Tampa Bay area programs. Participants reported faith based institutions/churches and schools as common sectors for presenting a variety of barriers for implementing their program. Perceptions of barriers were described as, the need to tailor program messages and presentations based on restrictions from school officials and parent's opposition to the program; the lack of appropriate places for program activities and distribution of program materials. Other issues that were identified by several participants were lack of political support for programs at the national level and the need for more funding to administer programs.

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Radford, Joyce L. "Children's social power in their relationships with adults, implications for child sexual abuse primary prevention programs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ28165.pdf.

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Weinehall, Lars. "Partnership for health : on the role of primary health care in a community intervention programme." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7534.

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Cardia, Edson [UNESP]. "Toxicologia e psicofarmacologia em biologia e programas de saúde para o ensino médio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90901.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardia_e_me_bauru.pdf: 1709549 bytes, checksum: 1aa81857d060ccff7da6d8f0ecedb981 (MD5)
Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social
This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias

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Cardia, Edson. "Toxicologia e psicofarmacologia em biologia e programas de saúde para o ensino médio /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90901.

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Orientador: Fernando Bastos
Banca: Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato
Banca: Cláudio Bertolli Filho
Resumo: Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social
Abstract: This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias
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Torres, Ospina Sara. "Uncovering the Role of Community Health Worker/Lay Health Worker Programs in Addressing Health Equity for Immigrant and Refugee Women in Canada: An Instrumental and Embedded Qualitative Case Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23753.

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“Why do immigrants and refugees need community health workers/lay health workers (CHWs) if Canada already has a universal health care system?” Abundant evidence demonstrates that despite the universality of our health care system marginalized populations, including immigrants and refugees, experience barriers to accessing the health system. Evidence on the role of CHWs facilitating access is both lacking and urgently needed. This dissertation contributes to this evidence by providing a thick description and thorough analytical exploration of a CHW model, in Edmonton, Canada. Specifically, I examine the activities of the Multicultural Health Brokers Co-operative (MCHB Co-op) and its Multicultural Health Brokers from 1992 to 2011 as well as the relationship they have with Alberta Health Services (AHS) Edmonton Zone Public Health. The research for this study is based on an instrumental and embedded qualitative case study design. The case is the MCHB Co-op, an independently-run multicultural health worker co-operative, which contracts with health and social services providers in Edmonton to offer linguistically- and culturally-appropriate services to marginalized immigrant and refugee women and their families. The two embedded mini-cases are two programs of the MCHB Co-op: Perinatal Outreach and Health for Two, which are the raison d’être for a sustained partnership between the MCHB Co-op and AHS. The phenomenon under study is the Multicultural Health Brokers’ practice. I triangulate multiple methods (research strategies and data sources), including 46 days of participant and direct observation, 44 in-depth interviews (with Multicultural Health Brokers, mentors, women using the programs, health professionals and outsiders who knew of the work of the MCHB Co-op and Multicultural Health Brokers), and document review and analysis of policy documents, yearly reports, training manuals, educational materials as well as quantitative analysis of the Health Brokers’ 3,442 client caseload database. In addition, data include my field notes of both descriptive and analytical reflections taken throughout the onsite research. I also triangulate various theoretical frameworks to explore how historically specific social structures, economic relationships, and ideological assumptions serve to create and reinforce the conditions that give rise to the need for CHWs, and the factors that aid or hinder their ability to facilitate marginalized populations’ access to health and social services. Findings reveal that Multicultural Health Brokers facilitate access to health and social services as well as foster community capacity building in order to address settlement, adaptation, and integration of immigrant and refugee women and their families into Canadian society. Findings also demonstrate that the Multicultural Health Broker model is an example of collaboration between community-based organizations and local systems in targeting health equity for marginalized populations; in particular, in perinatal health and violence against women. A major problem these workers face is they provide important services as part of Canada’s health human resources workforce, but their contributions are often not recognized as such. The triangulation of methods and theory provides empirical and theoretical understanding of the Multicultural Health Brokers’ contribution to immigrant and refugee women and their families’ feminist urban citizenship.

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Halda, Kryštof. "Vliv programů selektivní primární prevence ve vybraných třídách z pohledu jejich lektorů." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446063.

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The aim of this theses is to establish, with reference to relevant literature, what is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in several chosen classes from the viewpoint of the lecturers of these programs. The author lays out and describes in detail the concepts of risky behaviours, primary prevention of risky behaviours, selective primary prevention, lecturer of primary prevention programs and other concepts relevant to the subject at hand. In the research part of this theses, the author deals with a research problem formulated as follows: What is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in chosen classes from the perspective of the lecturers? The selected method is qualitative research. The specific chosen research tool is a half-structured dialogue, conducted with lecturers of programs of selective primary prevention with at least two years of experience in the field. KEYWORDS Risky behaviours; primary prevention of risky behaviours; lecturer of primary prevention programs; selective primary prevention; selective primary prevention programs.

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Höferová, Marta. "Prevence kriminality v rámci učiva na základních školách v ČR." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310380.

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This theses focuses on how the criminology prevention in the frame of primary school curriculum in Czech republic is organized and what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to it. In the practical part, the theses addresses criminology knowledge, with special focus on bullying at school, Labour and Social Welfare Departement's stratégy on criminology prevention, it's implementation in school subject such as Citizenship Education and Human and it's World (throught comparative analyses of textbooks content), and criminology prevention in workshops of Policy and providers of primary prevention programs (throught comparative analyses of program contents). It also samples some uccessfull criminology prevention programs abroad. In theoretical part, the theses focuses on evaluation qvantitative datas of an exploring coil, which investigated what importance do the primary school teachers in Prague attache to criminology prevention in primary school curicullum and how they evaluate it's organization. As conclusion , some recommendations are mentioned for criminology prevention enhancement within primary school curriculum framework and proposals for further research within issue.

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Homolová, Lenka. "Realizace primární prevence na základních školách ve vybraném středočeském mikroregionu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411999.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the problem of risk behavior and its prevention in primary schools of selected Central Bohemian micro-region. The work evaluates and compares the individual programs of primary prevention of schools. In connection with these findings, interviews with school prevention methodologies are analyzed and information is supplemented. The aim of this thesis is to find out how primary prevention programs of selected schools are implemented and to compare the content of programs with the actual implementation. Another aim of the thesis is to find out and recommend good practice, based on the experience of these schools. The whole work is divided into two basic parts, which are theoretical basis and practical part including research. The theoretical part introduces the current terminology in this area. The practical part describes the research, which took place in two stages. First, the primary prevention programs were analyzed from the content and these findings were subsequently supplemented by interviews with school prevention methodologies of schools in the selected Central Bohemian micro-region. The output of the work is a summary of findings of content analysis in comparison with interviews with school prevention methodologies and a summary of recommendations in the...

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Bořánková, Lenka. "Implementace prevence užívání návykových látek do výuky na 1. stupni základních škol ve vybraných regionech." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329800.

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Title: Implementation of drug prevention into the curriculum of the first primary schools in selected regions (comparative study) Author: Lenka Bořánková Department: Department of education Supervisor: PaedDr. Eva Marádová, CSc. Abstract: This thesis identifies and describes the approach and objectives set in the area of drug prevention in primary school. It characterizes preventive programs and methods used by individual teachers and indicates another possible strategies in this area. It describes the diversity of approaches to the prevention of substance used in two different regions is described and the main reasons for these differences are discussed. The differences are described and explained in the practical part of the thesis. Finally, the possible ways how to enrich and improve the quality of primary prevention programs in primary schools are listed. Key words: Primary prevention, drug prevention, school, teacher, preventive programs, targets prevention programs, evaluation of prevention programs, prevention of addictions, addictive substances

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Books on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Simmons, Jane T. Programs that work: Evidence of primary prevention of child abuse. Houston, Tex: Greater Houston Committee for Prevention of Child Abuse, 1986.

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Barbara, Sprung, and Mullin-Rindler Nancy 1951-, eds. Quit it!: A teacher's guide on teasing and bullying for use with students in grades K-3. New York: Educational Equity Concepts, 1998.

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Komar, Melanie. Safety. Niagara Fall, N.Y: T4T Learning Materials, 1995.

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E, Longe Mary, ed. Hospital-based health promotion programs for children and youth. Chicago, Ill: American Hospital Pub., 1987.

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Thompson, Margaret. Be safe not sorry! Niagara Fall, N.Y: T4T Learning Materials, 1988.

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Webster, Helen L. Taming the dragon: A preventive program in anger management and conflict resolution for early childhood programs (ages 3 to 8 years). Calgary, Alta: Detselig Enterprises, 1993.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Environment Committee. Committee meeting of Senate Environment Committee: Senate bill no. 795 (appropriates $33 million from the Garden State Green Acres Preservation Trust Fund for state acquisition of lands for recreation and conservation purposes); Senate bill no. 796 (delays effective date of recycling tax); the committee will also receive testimony from the public concerning their primary priority for change to environmental laws or programs for 2008 : [January 28, 2008, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: New Jersey Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2008.

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Matricardi, Joanne. Health, safety, and nutrition activities A to Z. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2008.

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Sheila, Davey, World Health Organization, UNICEF, and World Bank, eds. State of the world's vaccines and immunization. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.

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Bond, Lynne A., and Barry M. Wagner. Families in Transition: Primary Prevention Programs That Work (Primary Prevention of Psychopathology). Sage Publications, Inc, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Durlak, Joseph A. "Primary Prevention Programs in Schools." In Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 283–318. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9035-1_8.

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Barry, Adam E. "Drug Abuse Prevention Programs for Children." In Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion, 636–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6_101.

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Tibbits, Melissa K. "Drug Abuse Prevention Programs for Adolescence." In Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion, 1104–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6_229.

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Concha-Eastman, Alberto. "Introduction: Home Visitation as a Primary Prevention Tool for Violence." In Home Visitation Programs, 3–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17984-1_1.

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Tebes, Jacob Kraemer, Joy S. Kaufman, and Christian M. Connell. "The Evaluation of Prevention and Health Promotion Programs." In Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion, 42–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0195-4_5.

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Kahn, James G. "Economic Evaluation of Primary HIV Prevention in Injection Drug Users." In Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs, 45–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1878-9_4.

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Franzkowiak, Peter. "Experiences from German Youth Programs for the Primary Prevention of Aids: A Work in Progress Report." In How to Organize Prevention, edited by Hans-Uwe Otto and Gaby Flösser, 325–36. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110886566-026.

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Willis, Gwenda M., and Natalie S. Germann. "Effective or Not? Measuring Outcomes of Sexual Violence Primary Prevention Programs." In Sexual Violence, 181–225. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44504-5_12.

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Wilson, Dawn K., and Joel E. Williams. "A conceptual model for school-based prevention programs in children and adolescents in the next frontier." In The primary care consultant: The next frontier for psychologists in hospitals and clinics., 191–214. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10962-010.

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Daly, Brian P., Elizabeth Nicholls, Richa Aggarwal, and Mark Sander. "Promoting Social Competence and Reducing Behavior Problems in At-Risk Students: Implementation and Efficacy of Universal and Selective Prevention Programs in Schools." In Issues in Clinical Child Psychology, 131–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7624-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Belay, Brook, and Hatidza Zaganjor. "Bridging the Gap Between Primary and Tertiary Care: The Role of Community-based Healthy Weight Programs in Childhood Obesity Prevention and Control." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.188.

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Xie, Jueren. "Effect of Specimen Length on Structural and Sealability Evaluation of Tubular Connections in HPHT and Thermal Wells." In SPE Thermal Integrity and Design Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203857-ms.

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Abstract Premium connection designs are typically evaluated and qualified to broadly adopted industry standards, such as ISO 13679 (2019) and API RP 5C5 (2017) procedures for testing casing and tubing connection in High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) wells up to temperatures of 180°C, and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) for testing casing connection in thermal wells that experience temperatures from 180°C to 350°C. The primary focus of these qualification protocols is to evaluate the sealing capacity and structural integrity of the candidate connection design under loads representative of the conditions that the connection will experience through the well's life cycle. The test specimens consist of the coupling and the pipe segments on both sides of the coupling. While it may be desirable to evaluate test specimens with lengths equal to that of the field product to capture the temperature, pressure and mechanical loads on the specimen, it is advantageous to limit the length for purposes including handling and controlling the size and cost of the evaluation program. It has been observed that the test results can be affected by the specimen length, so the proper selection of specimen length is a key aspect of these evaluation programs. Current test protocols provide the requirement of a minimum unsupported length for allowing the tests to simulate the strain localization condition. On the other hand, if the unsupported length exceeds a critical value, the test specimens may experience lateral buckling, and preventing buckling adds complexity and cost to the test program. No guidelines have been given in the protocols on the maximum pup length requirement for preventing lateral buckling. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of specimen length is warranted in order to achieve more reliable and accurate results from the testing program. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of specimen length on the structural integrity and sealability of premium connections based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Parametric FEA was completed to determine the impact of specimen length for several sizes of a generic premium connection design under API RP 5C5 (2017) HPHT well and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) thermal well conditions. Based on the analysis results, recommendations are made to improve and enhance the guidelines for identifying a suitable specimen length for the test component of an evaluation program.

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Riyadina, Woro, Dewi Kristanti, Julianty Pradono, Ekowati Rahajeng, and Yuda Turana. "A Cohort Study on The Primary Prevention of Stroke Incidence in Adult Population in Bogor, West Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.25.

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ABSTRACT Background: Incidence of stroke showed an increasing trend in Indonesia, 12 new cases per 1,000 in 2013, and 19 new cases per 1,000 in 2018 despite the stroke control programs from the government. This study aimed to estimate Cumulative Incidence, Incidence Rate, and Population Attributable Fraction (PAF). This study also estimated the effect of blood pressure, physical activity, blood sugar levels, and smoking habits on the risk of stroke in adults. Subjects and Method: This was a cohort study conducted for 6 years in 5 Districts, Bogor City, West Java. An adult population of 5,189 subjects with aged ≥25 years was selected. The dependent variable was stroke. The independent variables included blood pressure, physical activity, blood sugar level, and smoking habits. Data for independent variables (except blood sugar level) were collected by using questioners. Data were analyzed by Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Results: The Cumulative Incidence was 2.09% and Incidence Rate was 480 new stroke cases per 100,000 person-year (CI 95%= 130 to 670) over 6 years. Predictors of stroke incidence were hypertension (HR= 2.50; CI 95%= 1.50 to 4.10; p= 0.001), low physical activity (HR= 2.40; CI 95%= 1.50 to 3.90; p< 0.001), high blood sugar level (HR= 3; CI 95%= 1.70 to 5.50; p= 0.001), and heavy smoking (HR= 3.90; CI 95%= 1.40 to 11.10; p= 0.007). PAF of blood sugar level and physical activity was 67.75%, and able to reduce stroke incidence by 1,990 from 2,937. Conclusion: Hypertension, low physical activity, high blood sugar level, and heavy smoking are predictors of stroke in adult. Primary prevention by increasing physical activity and decreasing blood sugar level can reduce incidence of stroke. Keywords: stroke, Cumulative Incidence, Incidence Rate, PAF, primary prevention Correspondence: Woro Riyadina. National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Email: w.riyadina02@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281297673074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.25

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Čurová, Viera, Oľga Orosová, Lenka Abrinková, and Marcela Štefaňáková. "EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAMS UNPLUGGED AND UNPLUGGED 2 ON ALCOHOL USE AND SMOKING AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact092.

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"Objectives: The aim of the study is to examine the long-term effectiveness of the school-based drug prevention programs Unplugged and Unplugged2 using a Solomon design and supplemented with n-Prevention booster sessions on the cumulative index (CI) of reported alcohol use (AU) and smoking. Methods: In 2013/2014, Unplugged was implemented during 12 consecutive weeks in Slovak primary schools. A sample of 744(M=12.5; 58.72%girls) was collected before program implementation(T1) and 12months later(T3). In 2017/2018, Unplugged2 was implemented by each school over 6months. A sample of 408(M=14.48; 51.96%girls) was collected before program implementation (T1), immediately after implementation(T2) and 12months later(T3). Participation in Unplugged was divided into control and experimental groups and Unplugged2 into control, experimental and experimental groups with n-Prevention, a pre-test and post-test or with post-test only. CI in the past 30 days was dichotomized (0-not used,1-AU, smoking or both). Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data at every measurement point. The moderation effect of gender was examined. The CI at T1 in Unplugged and Unplugged2 with a pre-test and post-test, and CI at T2 in Unplugged2 with a post-test were used as the control variables. Results: There was no significant effect of Unplugged and Unplugged2 with the pre-test and post-test. Unplugged2 with a post-test was significantly associated with CI at T3. The experimental group with n- Prevention was less likely to use alcohol and/or smoke. There was no significant effect or moderation effect of gender. Conclusions: The results show the long-term effectiveness of a preventive program is more pronounced with booster sessions, specifically with the post-test design."

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Hubaybah, Hubaybah, Evy Wisudariani, and Usi Lanita. "Hiv/ Aids Prevention Program: A Mixed Method Study on the Implementation of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services at Primary Health Center, Jambi." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.35.

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Background: The number of people infected HIV/ AIDS continues to increase, including in Jambi. The reports from January to September showed 51 people with HIV infection occurred in Jambi. The accessibility of HIV/ AIDS voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services are important in high risk area. This study aimed to investigate the HIV/ AIDS prevention program through the implementation of voluntary counseling and testing services at primary health center, Jambi. Subjects and Method: The mix-method study was conducted at three locations, including Tanjung Pinang, Rawasari, and Pakuan Baru Community Health Centres, from March to May 2020. The study’s informants were HIV/ AIDS counselors, laboratorian/ pharmacists, and HIV / AIDS risk groups who visited the VCT clinic. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations. The data were reported descriptively. Results: The implementation of the VCT program was generally good (82%), i.e., counselors had attended the training at least once, and the education level of health workers was standard. The health professionals were friendly and used simple and understandable language to communicate with clients. The facilities and infrastructure showed that the cleanroom was clean, but the other facilities were still incomplete. There was only one door in the counseling room and the absence of an information board for the VCT service flow. Some of these HIV/ AIDS counselors also had responsibility for some other programs besides VCT services. There was a WhatsApp group with risk groups. Conclusion: The VCT program is well implemented. Some improvements in terms of periodic evaluation of the implementation of VCT services, upgrading staff skills and providing an adequate number of facilities and infrastructure. Keywords: VCT, HIV/ AIDS, counsellor Correspondence: Hubaybah. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi. Jl. Letjend Soeprapto No 33 Telanai Pura Jambi. Email: hubaybah@unja.ac.id. Mobile: +628117453224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.35

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Pokhitonov, Yuri, and Dennis Kelley. "U.S. Department of Energy’s “Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention” Program: Solidification Technologies for Radioactive Waste Treatment in Russia." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16037.

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Large amounts of liquid radioactive waste have existed in the U.S. and Russia since the 1950’s as a result of the Cold War. Comprehensive action to treat and dispose of waste products has been lacking due to insufficient funding, ineffective technologies or no proven technologies, low priority by governments among others. Today the U.S. and Russian governments seek new, more reliable methods to treat liquid waste, in particular the legacy waste streams. A primary objective of waste generators and regulators is to find economical and proven technologies that can provide long-term stability for repository storage. In 2001, the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute (Khlopin), St. Petersburg, Russia, and Pacific Nuclear Solutions (PNS), Indianapolis, Indiana, began extensive research and test programs to determine the validity of polymer technology for the absorption and immobilization of standard and complex waste streams. Over 60 liquid compositions have been tested including extensive irradiation tests to verify polymer stability and possible degradation. With conclusive scientific evidence of the polymer’s effectiveness in treating liquid waste, both parties have decided to enter the Russian market and offer the solidification technology to nuclear sites for waste treatment and disposal. In conjunction with these efforts, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will join Khlopin and PNS to explore opportunities for direct application of the polymers at predetermined sites and to conduct research for new product development. Under DOE’s “Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention” (IPP) program, funding will be provided to the Russian participants over a three year period to implement the program plan. This paper will present updated details of U.S. DOE’s IPP program, the project structure and its objectives both short and long-term, polymer tests and plications for LLW, ILW and HLW, and new product development initiatives.

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Shamsunder, Saritha, Kavita Agarwal, Archana Mishra, and Sunita Malik. "Sample survey of cancer awareness in health care workers." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685266.

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Objective: To see the awareness about cancer in women among ASHA workers. Place of Study: Awareness Sessions at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Background: ASHA workers are the first point of contact for women in the community & bridge the back between the hospital and women. They have been instrumental in the success of the family planning programme & polio eradication program in India. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire about educational status, awareness about breast & cervical cancer statistics, methods of screening and diagnosis was distributed to Accredited Social Health Activists appointed by the government at two educational sessions organized at Safdarjung hospital. Results: Of the 200 ASHA workers attending, 188 completed the questionnaire. Their educational status ranged from 7th standard to post-graduate, majority had studied up to 10th standard. Their sources of information were mostly television and mobile phones, 23% had knowledge about internet, 36% were using Whats app. Only 28% knew about the commonest cancer in Indian women. Regarding breast cancer, 63% were aware of self examination of breasts, 41% knew the frequency of self examination; awareness about symptoms of breast cancer was prevalent in 46%, 24% knew about risk factors of breast cancer. Regarding Cervical Cancer, 28% knew about risk factors, 22% knew about symptoms of cervical cancer; 19% knew about screening methods for cervical cancer, 9.5% knew the screening intervals. Conclusion: Health education about cancer prevention should start at the primary school level. Special educational & motivational sessions for ASHA workers could help in cancer prevention programs.

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Faisal, Eman, Mohammed Al- Hashem, Theodoros Papasavvas, and Karam Turk-Adawi. "Is there an association between Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation Program and Healthrelated Quality of Life among Patients in Qatar?" In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0157.

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Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide. More patients with CVD are living than before due to medical advancements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for secondary prevention strategies. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention model of care for the management of CVD. Aim: This is the first study to explore the association between attending at least the median number of CR sessions and change in HRQOL among patients in Qatar. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients who were enrolled in the CR program in Qatar. Secondary data were extracted from patients’ records before the CR program (pre-CR) and at patient discharge (post-CR). The SF-36 instrument was used to assess HRQOL among patients. Results: The study involved 396 (91.4%) males; the mean age was 52.7±9.8 (SD) years. There was a statistically significant association between attending at least the median number of CR sessions and change in physical functioning scores (95% CI=8.85-29.11/ p-value=0.002), change in social functioning scores (95% CI=0.04-19.38/ p-value=0.04), change in emotional well-being scores (95% CI= 1.92-22.13/ p-value=0.02), and change in general health scores (95% CI=0.38-16.42/ p-value= 0.03), as compared to attending less than the median number of sessions. The models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, risk level, depression, and baseline HRQOL scores. Conclusion: CR program improved HRQOL. Therefore, there is a need to promote CR utilization and to implement strategies to keep patients in programs. These findings could motivate policymakers to expand CR program capacity, as the sole program in Qatar.

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Hetz, Andrew A., and David J. Shotts. "Nitrogen Oxides Control Selection for a Utility Combined Cycle Power Plant." In 1987 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-jpgc-gt-3.

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Recently, the combined cycle gas turbine has become a leading candidate among generating alternatives. Under the Clean Air Act, all utility-scale gas turbines must undergo air quality permitting before construction. Owners of these turbines must satisfy the requirements of either the federal Non-attainment program or the Prevention of Significant Deterioration program, depending on the air quality of the region. Both programs require that an analysis of applicable pollutant controls be included in the permit application. This paper presents a determination of the best available control technology for nitrogen oxide emissions from two proposed combined cycle gas turbines. Each possesses a 210 MW generating capability: 145 MW are produced by a GE MS-7001F gas turbine and 65 additional megawatts by a heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine. Detailed analyses of economic, environmental, and energy impacts are given for two technologies: selective catalytic reduction and steam injection. The study concludes that steam injection to meet the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards provides the most effective means of control for nitrogen oxides. Other means of nitrogen oxides control are eliminated on the basis of technical feasibility.

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Constantin, Mihai. "Management of the "Syrian Refugee Crisis" - Repercussions on European Security. Impact/Measures Analysis." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/17.

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The Syrian crisis is the most complex crisis (political, social, humanitarian, security) in the world, since World War II. In regards to the 1951 „Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees”, states have an obligation to provide refugees with a form of primary protection, which is not intended to replace asylum, but rather to provide an intermediate and immediate protection measure. At European level, for asylum seekers and refugees, there are several programs (developed by international institutions such as "UN for refugees" and "UNHCR") for integration into the host country during the temporary stay and return to the country of origin, when there are safety conditions. If this solution is not viable, they can opt for relocation to a third country. Effective management of the crisis created by the refugees flow requires the adoption of a common political agenda for European states to eliminate inequalities between states and focus on building viable economic strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies or strategies designed to provide refugees with a sense of security in the host country and their social assimilation, without being forced to give up their cultural identities. This article aims to analyse the strategies of the European states involved in this phenomenon, applied in the "Syrian refugee crisis". At the moment, the biggest part of the effort of counter-terrorism is focused on the criminal justice system. This means focusing almost exclusively on those who already intend to commit a crime and not on prevention. The legal repercussions can further encourage radicalization, which can degenerate later.

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Reports on the topic "Selective primary prevention programs"

Bernales, Rona P., and Ilene S. Basitan. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Rabies and Dog Bites in Bicol Region. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2790.

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This study was conducted in selected provinces of Bicol Region from April 2015 to May 2015 to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dog owners regarding rabies and dog bites. A purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of the study. Frequencies were tabulated for all variables. Of the 1,200 respondents, 2,193 dogs were recorded making a 2:1 ratio of dogs to householders in this particular study. Among these dogs 58% were vaccinated against rabies. The majority of the ones taking care of the dogs were female (57.3%) but the primary owner (62.9%) was the head of the family. Only 34.7% of the respondents knew that it is their duty to get their pets vaccinated against rabies. Around one-fourth (20.7%) admitted that someone in their household had been bitten by a dog but most respondents (62.5%) did nothing to the dog. The majority (57.7%) of the bite victims were youths (1-14 years old) and almost all (82.7%) of the wound bites were washed with soap and water. Television (44.9%) was the primary source of knowledge about rabies. The majority of participants (67.3%) said that humans are the main end-hosts that can be infected with rabies. Salivation or drooling (42.7%) and craziness (34.2%) were the main signs cited as behaviour of rabid dogs while craziness (40.2%) and hydrophobia or fear of water (25.4%) were cited for rabid humans. Most (33.9%) do not know the source of rabies but the majority (61.8%) believe that vaccination is the main preventive measure against rabies. The majority of participants (63%) reported that the local ordinances regarding rabies in their locality is about the Local Anti-Rabies Act and almost all (93.2%) admitted that vaccination is the most common anti-rabies program of the government.

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