Academic literature on the topic 'Selective primary prevention'
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Journal articles on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20101228-04.
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991105900106.
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Chalupka, Stephanie. "Selective Estrogen Modulators for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991105900107.
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Fabian, Carol J., and Bruce F. Kimler. "Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 8 (March 10, 2005): 1644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.11.005.
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Mishra, Nalini, Lalitha Priya Nekkanti, Poulami Barma, Ishan Mishra, and Ishan Mishra. "Adjunctive misoprostol for prevention of post-partum haemorrhage: a pragmatic strategy of selective sequential administration." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210325.
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Background: To evaluate the effect of adjunctive misoprostol in preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) by selective administration above threshold bleeding in order to reduce its side effects in comparison with primary prevention with oxytocin alone.Methods: It was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at Government medical College of central India. Population included 500 low risk women delivering vaginally. After having received oxytocin as primary prevention, women were monitored for bleeding by quantitative assessment of blood loss (QBL) using an innovative drape (kept prepared at the point of care) and once bleeding crossed 350 ml mark, alternate women were given 800 µg misoprostol sublingually as an adjuvant (study group) and compared with those who did not receive adjuvant misoprostol (control group). Main outcome measure: Comparing the incidence of PPH and side effects between study and control group.Results: 150 women had blood loss >350 ml which constituted 76 women in study and control group each. Incidence of PPH was significantly less in the study group (10.52 versus 22.36%, p<0.05, RR 0.470 95% CI= 0.216-1.024). Though side effects were more (38.15%) in study group but these were mild in nature and when the number was extrapolated to all recruited women, the incidence came down to 11.6%.Conclusions: Sequential adjuvant misoprostol at 350 ml blood loss after primary prevention with oxytocin is an effective and pragmatic strategy for preventing PPH when compared to oxytocin alone but with reduced overall side effects owing to less number of women receiving misoprostol.
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Rees, Margaret, and John Stevenson. "Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women." Menopause International 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mi.2007.007037.
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The British Menopause Society Council is committed to provide up-to-date authoritative reviews to aid health professionals to inform and advise women about key issues in post reproductive health. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death in women. Observational studies have consistently shown estrogen to help prevent CHD in postmenopausal women. The large randomized controlled Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial did not confirm these observational findings. However, further analyses of the WHI study as well as the observational Nurses’ Health Study have now found that the timing of onset of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is important and that estrogen may have a protective role in CHD in women aged 50–59 years. This consensus statement will examine the evidence regarding HRT and non-estrogen therapies (lipid lowering agents, aspirin, antihypertensives, antidiabetic medications, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs]) as well as diet, lifestyle and smoking cessation in the primary prevention of CHD in women.
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BALTĂ, Mihaela Daniela, Mihaela Adela IANCU, and Dumitru MATEI. "NEW APPROACHES TO OSTEOPOROSIS IN PRIMARY CARE." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2017.4.2.
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Osteoporosis is a disease that affects an increasing number of people, given the tendency of aging populations. Fragile bone and increases risk of bones breaking, their consequences, impairment of quality of life have prompted health policies to provide a greater insight into this condition. It is important to identify the risk factors and start the preventive and curative treatment as early as possible. Current guidelines recommend using the FRAX score to determine the risk of major fracture over the next 10 years, followed by DXA determination. The current guidelines highlight the importance of non-medication measures, calcium and vitamin D intake. Among the therapeutic agents used in the treatment of osteoporosis, the first line are bisphosphonates poor, in case of intolerance, bisphosphonates iv or antibodies anti RANKL (denosumab). Selective estrogen receptor modulators and hormone replacement therapy are not routinely indicated, and recombinant PTH is expensive and is intended for severe and resistant forms. The adherence to treatment is poor, so we need measures to increase prevention, screening and early treatment of osteoporosis, as well as measures to educate the population.
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Minder, C. Michael. "Making the Case for Selective Use of Statins in the Primary Prevention Setting." Archives of Internal Medicine 171, no. 17 (September 26, 2011): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.349.
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Teesson, M., N. C. Newton, T. Slade, N. Carragher, E. L. Barrett, K. E. Champion, E. V. Kelly, N. K. Nair, L. A. Stapinski, and P. J. Conrod. "Combined universal and selective prevention for adolescent alcohol use: a cluster randomized controlled trial." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 10 (February 22, 2017): 1761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000198.
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BackgroundNo existing models of alcohol prevention concurrently adopt universal and selective approaches. This study aims to evaluate the first combined universal and selective approach to alcohol prevention.MethodA total of 26 Australian schools with 2190 students (mean age: 13.3 years) were randomized to receive: universal prevention (Climate Schools); selective prevention (Preventure); combined prevention (Climate Schools and Preventure; CAP); or health education as usual (control). Primary outcomes were alcohol use, binge drinking and alcohol-related harms at 6, 12 and 24 months.ResultsClimate, Preventure and CAP students demonstrated significantly lower growth in their likelihood to drink and binge drink, relative to controls over 24 months. Preventure students displayed significantly lower growth in their likelihood to experience alcohol harms, relative to controls. While adolescents in both the CAP and Climate groups demonstrated slower growth in drinking compared with adolescents in the control group over the 2-year study period, CAP adolescents demonstrated faster growth in drinking compared with Climate adolescents.ConclusionsFindings support universal, selective and combined approaches to alcohol prevention. Particularly novel are the findings of no advantage of the combined approach over universal or selective prevention alone.
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Baldwin, Robert C. "Preventing late-life depression: a clinical update." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 8 (July 1, 2010): 1216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210000864.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Achieving remission in late-life depressive disorder is difficult; it is far better to prevent depression. In the last ten years there have been a number of clinical studies of the feasibility of prevention.Methods: A limited literature review was undertaken of studies from 2000 specifically concerning the primary prevention of late-life depressive disorder or where primary prevention is a relevant secondary outcome.Results: Selective primary prevention (targeting individuals at risk but not expressing depression) has been shown to be effective for stroke and macular degeneration but not hip fracture. It may also prove effective for the depression associated with caregiving in dementia. Emerging evidence finds effectiveness for indicated prevention (in those identified with subthreshold depression often with other risk factors such as functional limitation). Despite a number of promising risk factors (for example, diet, exercise, vascular risk factors, homocysteine and insomnia), universal prevention of late-life depression (acting to reduce the impact of risk factors at the population level) has no current evidence base, although a population approach might mitigate suicide.Conclusion: Interventions which work in preventing late-life depression include antidepressant medication in standard doses and Problem-Solving Treatment. When integrated into a care model, such as collaborative care, prevention is feasible but more economic studies are needed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Weinehall, Lars. "Partnership for health : on the role of primary health care in a community intervention programme." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7534.
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Halda, Kryštof. "Vliv programů selektivní primární prevence ve vybraných třídách z pohledu jejich lektorů." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446063.
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The aim of this theses is to establish, with reference to relevant literature, what is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in several chosen classes from the viewpoint of the lecturers of these programs. The author lays out and describes in detail the concepts of risky behaviours, primary prevention of risky behaviours, selective primary prevention, lecturer of primary prevention programs and other concepts relevant to the subject at hand. In the research part of this theses, the author deals with a research problem formulated as follows: What is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in chosen classes from the perspective of the lecturers? The selected method is qualitative research. The specific chosen research tool is a half-structured dialogue, conducted with lecturers of programs of selective primary prevention with at least two years of experience in the field. KEYWORDS Risky behaviours; primary prevention of risky behaviours; lecturer of primary prevention programs; selective primary prevention; selective primary prevention programs.
Books on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Török, M. Estée, Fiona J. Cooke, and Ed Moran. Immunodeficiency and HIV. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199671328.003.0024.
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This chapter covers primary and secondary immunodeficiency, antibody deficiency syndromes, selective T-cell deficiency, infections in asplenic patients and transplant recipients, neutropenic sepsis, HIV epidemiology, natural history, and classification, initial evaluation of the HIV patient, skin, oral, cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary complications, HIV gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney disease, HIV infection and malignancy, as well as HIV prevention.
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Tzilos, Golfo, Kristina Davis, and Caron Zlotnick. Prevention of Postpartum Psychopathology. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.29.
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Approximately 26% of postpartum women meet diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Untreated psychopathology in the postpartum period is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both infant and mother. Fortunately, the perinatal period provides an opportune time to intervene with and prevent postpartum psychopathology. Women have increased contact with health care providers during this time, providing an avenue through which access to prevention can be improved. Furthermore, with increased knowledge to identify high-risk women, preventive interventions can be delivered to assist both the woman and infant. Preventive efforts for postpartum psychopathology are aimed at modifying risk factors or protective factors to prevent the psychiatric disorder and primarily use three distinct approaches: universal, selective, and indicated. This chapter provides a review of the empirical research in the prevention of postpartum psychopathologies including postpartum depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and addictions (tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs).
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Johnson, Peter W., and Martin G. Cherniack. Vibration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0013.
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This chapter describes vibration exposure in the workplace and its adverse health consequences. Both whole-body vibration and hand-arm vibration are described. The deleterious effects from hand-arm vibration induced by power tools on peripheral nerves and small blood vessels have been documented for more than a century. Whole-body vibration increases spinal load and can contribute to muscle fatigue and deterioration of intervertebral lumbar discs. Neck pain and low back pain are also associated with whole-body vibration from various types of equipment and vehicles. The pathophysiology of various vibration-associated disorders are discussed. Prevention and control measures are described in detail. Control of whole-body vibration rests mainly on primary prevention and selection of appropriate equipment (primarily vehicle and equipment seating) to reduce whole-body vibration exposure.
Book chapters on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Wasserman, Danuta. "Strategies in suicide prevention." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 421–26. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0050.
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Strategies in suicide prevention have developed throughout the years, and progressed into conceptual models that are defined by a set of restrictive definitions. Here, classifications of two suicide preventive strategic models, namely the primary, secondary, and tertiary (PST) and universal, selective, and indicated (USI) are described, as well as a pragmatic suggestions for healthcare and public health-oriented strategies in suicide prevention. Healthcare-oriented strategies use the individual-centred approach with the focus on the treatment of patients. This chapter looks at the application and benefits of public health strategies in prevention of suicide are directed towards groups and whole populations.
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Arbelo, Elena, and Josep Brugada. "Prevention of sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Gerhard Hindricks, 2363–69. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0560.
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Cardiac channelopathies are genetically determined heart rhythm disorders affecting young individuals without structural heart disease, predisposing them to ventricular arrhythmias. Apart from avoiding triggers such as drugs, exercise, or fever, in most primary arrhythmia syndromes the only effective therapy for preventing sudden cardiac death is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). However, in this group of a young, active population, ICD may cause a significant rate of device-related complications. Therefore, appropriate risk stratification and selective ICD indications are of utmost importance.
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Maron, Barry J., and Martin S. Maron. "Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Gerhard Hindricks, 2348–51. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0556.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been regarded as the most common non-trauma-related cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people, including competitive athletes. The traditional clinical profile of HCM patients at highest risk of SCD is largely comprised of young asymptomatic patients, particularly children and adolescents. Prophylactic drug treatment to prevent SCD is ineffective and obsolete whereas the introduction of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) has changed the clinical course and natural history of the disease. The ICDs are largely responsible for reducing HCM-related mortality to 0.5%/year and have been shown to be effective despite the often complex HCM phenotype, including extreme and diverse patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy, dynamic subaortic obstruction, microvascular ischaemia, and diastolic dysfunction. An important principle related to ICD decisions in HCM patients surrounds the unpredictable nature of the arrhythmic substrate, often associated with substantial delays of 5–10 years between implant and initial intervention. Selection of patients most likely to benefit from primary prevention ICD therapy is based on non-invasive testing including echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, history taking, exercise testing, and ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG). Conventional risk markers are (1) family history (one or more HCM-related SCDs in close relatives); (2) recent unexplained syncope; (3) multiple repetitive (or prolonged) non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on ambulatory ECG; (4) massive left ventricular hypertrophy (wall thickness ≥30 mm); and (5) hypotensive blood pressure response to exercise, although this is not a sole indication for ICD implants. ICD decisions within current risk stratification guidelines can be challenging, particularly in patients with just one risk factor or when available evidence is ambiguous or insufficient to assign SCD risk level with confidence.
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McCarty, Richard. "Stress and Anxiety Disorders." In Stress and Mental Disorders: Insights from Animal Models, 329–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190697266.003.0011.
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Much of the research relating to animal models of anxiety has been devoted to developing more effective drugs for the treatment of the various anxiety disorders. Using selective breeding of laboratory mice and rats, investigators have developed high-anxiety and low-anxiety lines that have been especially valuable for basic research purposes. Other approaches to enhance the expression of an anxiety-like phenotype have included prenatal or early postnatal exposure to stressors, maternal immune activation, or selecting offspring based upon differences in the maternal behaviors of their mothers. In addition, risk genes for anxiety disorders have been studied in animal models, including genes related to serotonin, neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide S, and corticotropin-releasing factor signaling in the brain. Finally, some infant rhesus monkeys display an anxious temperament and extreme behavioral inhibition when separated from their mothers. This nonhuman primate model affords many opportunities to explore brain mechanisms and interventions that may be effective in preventing the further development of an anxious phenotype as these monkeys mature.
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Jahangir, Arshad. "Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy: Understanding Options for the Ablationist." In Mayo Clinic Electrophysiology Manual, 191–202. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199941193.003.0008.
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Antiarrhythmic agents play an important role in the management of cardiac arrhythmias as both primary and hybrid therapy. The essential goals of antiarrhythmic therapy are termination of an ongoing arrhythmia, prevention of arrhythmia recurrence, or both. Antiarrhythmic drugs help control arrhythmias but also may cause them. Therefore, selection of an effective yet safe medication may be challenging. The challenge arises from factors intrinsic to the patient, the disease condition, or the drug itself. These factors include variability in the pathophysiologic substrate, arrhythmia mechanisms, clinical presentation, prognostic implications, drug disposition, and response. Patients with arrhythmia comprise a highly heterogeneous patient population, with variable comorbid conditions and concomitant drug use.
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Gorman, Dennis M. "Evidence-Based Practice as a Driver of Pseudoscience in Prevention Research." In Pseudoscience. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037426.003.0011.
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Many of the subject matters discussed under the topic of pseudoscience can be readily distinguished from science proper, and there are few individuals with any serious scientific training who would mistake these for science-based disciplines. Harder to identify and distinguish are those disciplines that may have begun as a genuine science but have transformed into pseudosciences primarily through their pursuit of positive results. This chapter discusses one such example, drug prevention research, and contends that the adoption of so-called “evidence-based practice” by this field of study has been a key driver of its decent into pseudoscience. It discusses this process using a systems approach and focusses specifically on two negative feedback loops, one entailing flexible data analysis and selective reporting and one entailing minimal adherence to study design criteria. These lops are illustrated using examples of prevention and treatment programs that have been deemed “model” intervention by the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).
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Campbell, Courtney S. "Creating Life." In Mormonism, Medicine, and Bioethics, 53–77. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538524.003.0003.
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This chapter considers ecclesiastical teaching and personal experience regarding new reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, repro-genetic options, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and stem cell research ethics. The principal argument is that the ethics of medical technologies used to treat and provide remedies for infertility turns primarily on questions of moral agency, familial integrity, and medical professionalism, including safety and efficacy. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) procreative imperative can make the experience of infertility a wrenching personal ordeal that necessitates re-storying personal and gender identities relative to spiritual entrustment. Repro-genetic technologies find a moral point through disease prevention but are ethically controversial when their intent is for nonmedical purposes, such as sex selection or enhanced capacities. Despite firm convictions about the sanctity of human life, LDS teaching shows surprising acceptance regarding use of embryos for stem cell research.
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Mishra, Rakesh K. "Potential Role of Nuclear Factor κB in Cardiovascular Disease." In Emerging Applications, Perspectives, and Discoveries in Cardiovascular Research, 43–52. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2092-4.ch003.
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Lung and Cardiovascular disease creating a major health burden in developed countries and primary cause of deaths. Although treatments have progressed, the development of novel treatments for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a major research goal. Despite modern advances in pharmacological and interventional cardiology, cardiovascular disease still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in all over the world. The nuclear factor (NF)-?B super family of transcription factors has been implicated in the regulation of immune cell maturation, cell survival, and inflammation in many cell types, including cardiac myocytes. Recent studies have shown that NF-?B is cardioprotective during acute hypoxia and reperfusion injury. NF-kB regulates the gene expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-b), chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)], and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E selectin) (2), all of which play a major role in lung injury. However, prolonged activation of NF-?B appears to be detrimental and promotes heart failure by eliciting signals that trigger chronic inflammation through enhanced elaboration of cytokines. In this review, we summarize progresses in understanding the NF-kB pathway in lung and cardio-vascular disease development as well as in modulating NF-kB for prevention and therapy.
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Raza, Karim, Catherine McGrath, Laurette van Boheemen, and Dirkjan van Schaardenburg. "Pre-rheumatoid arthritis." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatoid Arthritis, 121–32. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831433.003.0012.
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The typical evolution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is that a person, with genetic risk factors, develops autoantibodies and subclinical inflammation under relevant environmental influences. There are indications that the primary site of the pathology is at mucosal surfaces (e.g. in the gums, lungs, and/or the gut), after which the disease translocates to the joints. Preclinical RA can be defined at the phase during which no clinically apparent features are present (i.e. no symptoms of inflammatory arthritis or clinically apparent joint swelling) but during which RA related biologic derangements such as the presence of autoantibodies are present. This chapter presents an overview of the risk factors, stages, and events occurring during the pre-RA phase. A better understanding of the factors involved will enable more accurate prediction of RA at the individual level and selection of high-risk individuals for inclusion in preventive studies. Several pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic studies aiming to prevent or delay the onset of RA in at-risk individuals are currently underway. It is hoped that such interventions in the pre-RA and indeed in the preclinical-RA phases will allow us to reduce the risk of RA and prevent RA developing in at least a proportion of at-risk patients.
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Nahar, Jesmin, Kevin S. Tickle, and A. B. M. Shawkat Ali. "Pattern Discovery from Biological Data." In Machine Learning, 724–68. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch403.
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Extracting useful information from structured and unstructured biological data is crucial in the health industry. Some examples include medical practitioner’s need to identify breast cancer patient in the early stage, estimate survival time of a heart disease patient, or recognize uncommon disease characteristics which suddenly appear. Currently there is an explosion in biological data available in the data bases. But information extraction and true open access to data are require time to resolve issues such as ethical clearance. The emergence of novel IT technologies allows health practitioners to facilitate the comprehensive analyses of medical images, genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes in health and disease. The information that is extracted from such technologies may soon exert a dramatic change in the pace of medical research and impact considerably on the care of patients. The current research will review the existing technologies being used in heart and cancer research. Finally this research will provide some possible solutions to overcome the limitations of existing technologies. In summary the primary objective of this research is to investigate how existing modern machine learning techniques (with their strength and limitations) are being used in the indent of heartbeat related disease and the early detection of cancer in patients. After an extensive literature review these are the objectives chosen: to develop a new approach to find the association between diseases such as high blood pressure, stroke and heartbeat, to propose an improved feature selection method to analyze huge images and microarray databases for machine learning algorithms in cancer research, to find an automatic distance function selection method for clustering tasks, to discover the most significant risk factors for specific cancers, and to determine the preventive factors for specific cancers that are aligned with the most significant risk factors. Therefore we propose a research plan to attain these objectives within this chapter. The possible solutions of the above objectives are: new heartbeat identification techniques show promising association with the heartbeat patterns and diseases, sensitivity based feature selection methods will be applied to early cancer patient classification, meta learning approaches will be adopted in clustering algorithms to select an automatic distance function, and Apriori algorithm will be applied to discover the significant risks and preventive factors for specific cancers. We expect this research will add significant contributions to the medical professional to enable more accurate diagnosis and better patient care. It will also contribute in other area such as biomedical modeling, medical image analysis and early diseases warning.
Conference papers on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Howard, Kathleen A., Jared Tucker, Renee DeFrang, Julie Orth, and Susan Wakefield. "Primary Care Obesity Prevention in 0-2 Year Olds Through Parent Nutritional Counseling: Evaluation of Child Behaviors and Parent Feeding Styles." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.591.
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Kleven, Jennifer E., and Robyn Borge. "Addressing Childhood Obesity at Every Well-child Visit – a Systems Approach to Incorporating Screening, Prevention, and Treatment into the Primary Care Office Visit." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.583.
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Hereth, Mark, Keith Leewis, and Rick Gailing. "The Role of Technology in Preventing/Detecting Mechanical Damage." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10426.
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This paper is a state of the art review of technologies for preventing mechanical damage to pipelines. Technologies are presented in three categories, above ground, surface and below ground. There is a primer on each of the categories describing the fundamentals of the technology and the tools that can be applied by an operator. The primer for each category begins with a summary of the more familiar tools and progressing to emerging technologies. A standard format was chosen simplify presentation of information for each technology offering. The format included the following elements: • Description of the tool for prevention / detection, & mitigation, • Description of the sensor(s), • Reliability expectations, • Discrimination capabilities, • Sensor Range, • Stage of development in the R&D phases, • Cost filter as a beginning of the estimated cost/benefit value, and • Contact details with current government funding when available. There is a summary table with the same format to help in the selection of technologies.
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Martirosova, N. V., and A. M. Ksenofontov. "Features of professional psychological selection, as an integral part of the system of primary prevention of occupational deformity." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.897.906.
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The article deals with the issues of professional psychological selection in the internal Affairs bodies as an integral part of the system of measures to prevent professional deformation in service collectives. The implementation of the measures organized on the basis of monitoring of data received by psychologists of internal Affairs bodies is aimed at maintaining and improving the efficiency of the police. The purpose of this area of work of psychologists is to equip police service teams with reliable employees who meet the requirements of the modern legal state. The presented materials consider the practice of implementing by police psychologists the decree Of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 06, 2012 No. 1259 «on approval of the Rules of professional psychological selection for service in the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation». The materials are consistent with the results of research conducted by Russian and foreign researchers. The conclusions are based on a comparative analysis of the results of the work of the Commission on psychological selection of the regional Department of the Ministry of internal Affairs. Describes some of the individual characteristics of the persons who were refused admission to the service. Individual factors that hinder the process of effective adaptation in service teams are listed, as well as the role of early maladaptive schemes in the process of adaptation. Individual and environmental factors of influence on the formation and development of deforming influence on employees in the course of performance of official activities are presented, based on the analysis of incidents that occurred in collectives in the period 2018–2020. The article deals with the actual difficulties of practical implementation of psychological selection for service as the basis for early prevention of professional deformation in the service collectives of internal Affairs bodies.
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Ezani, Farah Shakina, Myat Thuzar, Avinash Kishore Kumar, and Chee Hen Lau. "Prevention of Historically Challenging Sustained Casing Pressure from Shallow Gas Through Re-Engineered Cement Design and Execution Methodology." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21429-ms.
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Abstract Sustained casing pressure (SCP) is a very costly event for any operator either at production phase or at the end of a well’s lifecycle. SCP is a result of incomplete hydraulic isolation across hydrocarbon bearing zone. In one of the gas fields in Malaysia, notoriously known for shallow gas hazard, drilled development wells which have reportedly been suffering SCP. In the past, various improvements in cement slurry design and placement methods were deployed in order to provide complete zonal isolation, especially at the shallow gas sand, yet SCP issue was encountered occasionally. In the current development campaign, different strategy to providing annulus sealing was adopted. This paper discusses proactive steps taken in the slurry design, fit together with the dual stage cementing approach, as a primary means of placing cement above the shallow hazard interval. During the design phase, essential key parameters that would lead to successful placement of cement in the annulus as well as unique slurry design that suits for two stage cementing methods were studied. Risk involved in first stage cementing is one of the most important steps that should be analyzed in detail and put mitigation measures in place to ensure the second stage cement job can be performed as planned. In addition to the slurry properties, such as fluid-loss value, gas-tightness, etc., thickening time and top of cement (TOC) of the lead slurry in the first stage cement job has become enormously critical in designing dual stage cementing job in order to assure cement ports in the stage collar are not covered with hard cement forcing the termination of second stage job prematurely. Besides cementing design, careful selection of the stage collar location and casing annulus packer in the string is also of significant importance in leading to successful two stage cement job. Two development wells with above approached has been delivered and no sustained casing pressure has been experienced. This proactive approach to use two stage cementing as primary plan has proven to successfully eliminate the risk of SCP, which was a frequent struggle in their sister wells drilled with primary cementing in the past in the same field. The risk analysis combined with careful considerations of critical cementing design parameters and selection of stage tool location have become a novel approach to combat against SCP in this gas field.
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King, Graeme G., and Satish Kumar. "Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31678.
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Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.
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Chandan, Nakul, and Sanjiv Petkar. "89 Local application and utility of the MADIT-ICD benefit prediction score (MIBPS) in selection of patients at high risk of ‘sudden cardiac death’ suitable for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators." In British Cardiovascular Society Virtual Annual Conference, ‘Cardiology and the Environment’, 7–10 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-bcs.89.
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Gupta, Kushal, Salim Abdalla Al Ali, Jeughale Ramanujan, and Tetsuro Takanishi. "Improving 4-1/2" Liner Deploy Ability in 6" Horizontal Hole with Utilization of Improved Characteristics Brines and Friction Reduction Devices." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202090-ms.
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Abstract A large operator of a brown field offshore in the middle east has decided to provide full lower Completion accessibility and ensure prevention of open hole collapse as it can lead to various gains throughout the life of the well. Among those benefits, it provides a consolidated well bore for various production logging & stimulation tools to be deployed effectively, as well as full accessibility, conformance control and enable to provide production allocations for each zones. However there are multiple challenges in deploying lower completion liner in drains involving multiple reservoirs and geo steered wells: Well Bore Geometry, dog legs/ tortuosity etc. & differential sticking possibilities and of course the open hole friction. Due to the size of the open hole, restricted casing design and utilization of limited OD pipes further add to the complications of deploying the Lower completion liner in such brown Field wells. This paper intend to review the multi-step methodology approach implemented in recent years by the company to effectively deploy 4-1/2" Liner in 6" Horizontal Open Hole section. Among the techniques used to assist successful deployment of lower completions are: Improving hole cleaning, ensure smooth well bore with the use of directional drilling BHA, reduction of the Open Hole friction by utilizing Lubricated brines, fit for purpose Centralizers, use of drill pipe swivel devices to increase weight available to push the liner & reduce buckling tendency. With the length of open hole laterals reaching up to 10,000 ft for 6" Lower drains, open hole drag, friction & cleanliness are major components that causes challenges in deploying the Liner till TD. The use of specially formulated brines with fixed percentage of lubricants proved to significant reduce friction compared to the drilling mud used for drilling the horizontal drain. The combination of low friction brine with proper centralization / standoff which resulted in reduced contact area with the formation has also shown good results in preventing differentials sticking while running the liner through multilayer reservoirs having significantly different reservoir pressures. Another major constrain to deploy the lower completion liner in this offshore field is the very nature of the wells being primarily workover. This involves generally Tie back liners run to shallow depths to restore the integrity of wells. This limits our ability in the selection of drill pipe that can be used as only smaller OD drill pipes and HWDP can be utilized in order to deploy the Liner to bottom. On many occasions this provides only limited weight to push the Liner down to TD and impact our ability to set the liner top packer. Drill pipe rotating swivel devices have been utilized to improve our weight availability & transferability to push the liner down and to set the liner top packers. In order to provide independent deactivation mechanism for the drill pipe swivel and to have complete success in our liner deployments, a dedicated ball activated sub was designed to deactivate the swivel acting as back up in case primary deactivation methods fails during liner setting. The combined use of all these techniques enabled the company to deploy 4.5" Liners in 6" Horizontal drains with high success in this offshore Brown Oil field of UAE. This resulted in better well construction and complete access to lower drains over the life of the wells.
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Andreini, A., B. Facchini, L. Ferrari, G. Lenzi, F. Simonetti, and A. Peschiulli. "Experimental Investigation on Effusion Liner Geometries for Aero-Engine Combustors: Evaluation of Global Acoustic Parameters." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69853.
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In new generation aero-engines based on the innovative lean combustion technology, thermoacoustic instabilities are one of the most important issues and their prevention and reduction are challenging goals. To achieve these targets, the use of multi-perforated liners, that have to primarily provide an efficient liner cooling, is very attractive because they are efficient passive dampers of pressure fluctuations, especially with bias flow. The design of multi-perforated liners for both thermal and acoustic purposes can be accomplished by selecting liner parameters, such as hole diameter, pattern and inclination, main and bias Mach numbers, fulfilling both requirements; this procedure requires to assess the effect of both geometrical and fluid-dynamic features. Thus, a specific research project is ongoing on the acoustic and thermal experimental characterization of selected multi-perforated liner geometries. In this paper, the complete experimental campaign on the acoustic behavior of the aforementioned liners has been carried out in the planar wave field range, that is of main concern in aero-engines. For this purpose, an innovative modular test rig has been designed to characterize test cases at ambient conditions, changing bias and main flows up to operating engine conditions. Liner geometries account for 3 different hole diameters, 5 different patterns and 2 hole inclinations, ranging within typical cooling system values; tests were performed with the two-source multi-microphone technique to evaluate global acoustic parameters independently from test rig boundary conditions. The acoustic performances of liners are discussed in terms of the energy dissipation coefficient.
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Rachimillah, Allam Putra, Cinto Azwar, Ambuj Johri, Ahmed Osman, and Eric Tanoto. "Obtaining Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201068-ms.
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Abstract Cementing is one of the sequences in the drilling operations to isolate different geological zones and provide integrity for the life of the well. As compared with oil and gas wells, geothermal wells have unique challenges for cementing operations. Robust cementing design and appropriate best practices during the cementing operations are needed to achieve cementing objectives in geothermal wells. Primary cementing in geothermal wells generally relies on a few conventional methods: long string, liner-tieback, and two-stage methods. Each has challenges for primary cementing that will be analyzed, compared, and discussed in detail. Geothermal wells pose challenges of low fracture gradients and massive lost circulation due to numerous fractures, which often lead to a need for remedial cementing jobs such as squeeze cementing and lost circulation plugs. Special considerations for remedial cementing in geothermal wells are also discussed here. Primary cement design is critical to ensure long-term integrity of a geothermal well. The cement sheath must be able to withstand pressure and temperature cycles when steam is produced and resist corrosive reservoir fluids due to the presence of H2S and CO2. Any fluid trapped within the casing-casing annulus poses a risk of casing collapse due to expansion under high temperatures encountered during the production phase. With the high heating rate of the geothermal well, temperature prediction plays an important part in cement design. Free fluid sensitivity test and centralizer selection also play an important role in avoiding mud channeling as well as preventing the development of fluid pockets. Analysis and comparison of every method is described in detail to enable readers to choose the best approach. Massive lost circulation is very common in surface and intermediate sections of geothermal wells. On numerous occasions, treatment with conventional lost-circulation material (LCM) was unable to cure the losses, resulting in the placement of multiple cement plugs. An improved lost circulation plug design and execution method are introduced to control massive losses in a geothermal environment. In addition, the paper will present operational best practices and lessons learned from the authors’ experience with cementing in geothermal wells in Indonesia. Geothermal wells can be constructed in different ways by different operators. In light of this, an analysis of different cementing approaches has been conducted to ensure robust cement design and a fit-for-purpose cementing method. This paper will discuss the cementing design, equipment, recommendations, and best available practices for excellence in operational execution to achieve optimal long-life zonal isolation for a geothermal well.
Reports on the topic "Selective primary prevention"
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Bernales, Rona P., and Ilene S. Basitan. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Rabies and Dog Bites in Bicol Region. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2790.
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This study was conducted in selected provinces of Bicol Region from April 2015 to May 2015 to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dog owners regarding rabies and dog bites. A purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of the study. Frequencies were tabulated for all variables. Of the 1,200 respondents, 2,193 dogs were recorded making a 2:1 ratio of dogs to householders in this particular study. Among these dogs 58% were vaccinated against rabies. The majority of the ones taking care of the dogs were female (57.3%) but the primary owner (62.9%) was the head of the family. Only 34.7% of the respondents knew that it is their duty to get their pets vaccinated against rabies. Around one-fourth (20.7%) admitted that someone in their household had been bitten by a dog but most respondents (62.5%) did nothing to the dog. The majority (57.7%) of the bite victims were youths (1-14 years old) and almost all (82.7%) of the wound bites were washed with soap and water. Television (44.9%) was the primary source of knowledge about rabies. The majority of participants (67.3%) said that humans are the main end-hosts that can be infected with rabies. Salivation or drooling (42.7%) and craziness (34.2%) were the main signs cited as behaviour of rabid dogs while craziness (40.2%) and hydrophobia or fear of water (25.4%) were cited for rabid humans. Most (33.9%) do not know the source of rabies but the majority (61.8%) believe that vaccination is the main preventive measure against rabies. The majority of participants (63%) reported that the local ordinances regarding rabies in their locality is about the Local Anti-Rabies Act and almost all (93.2%) admitted that vaccination is the most common anti-rabies program of the government.