Academic literature on the topic 'Selective hedging'

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Journal articles on the topic "Selective hedging"

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Jankensgård. "Does Managerial Power Increase Selective Hedging? Evidence from the Oil and Gas Industry." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020071.

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This study examines the managerial power-hypothesis of selective hedging, which holds that selective hedging is observed more frequently in companies where managers have greater latitude to execute hedging proposals without serious scrutiny or questioning. The hypothesis is tested using hand-collected data on corporate governance and derivative positions from the oil and gas industry. The results support the view that managerial power increases selective hedging. The main governance dimension associated with selective hedging is the extent of inside ownership. Firms with high inside ownership have excessive variability in their derivative portfolios, were more prone to opportunistic behavior following the great rise in the oil price in the mid-2000s, and have lower realized cash flow from hedging.
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Brown, Gregory W., Peter R. Crabb, and David Haushalter. "Are Firms Successful at Selective Hedging?*." Journal of Business 79, no. 6 (November 2006): 2925–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508004.

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Beltratti, Andrea, Andrea Laurant, and Stavros A. Zenios. "Scenario modelling for selective hedging strategies." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 28, no. 5 (February 2004): 955–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1889(03)00057-5.

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Yun, Won-Cheol. "Selective hedging strategies for oil stockpiling." Energy Policy 34, no. 18 (December 2006): 3495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.07.021.

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Won-Cheol, Yun. "Selective foreign exchange hedging for Korean importers." Journal of economic research 22, No. 1 (2017): 47–62.

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Knill, April, Kristina Minnick, and Ali Nejadmalayeri. "Selective Hedging, Information Asymmetry, and Futures Prices*." Journal of Business 79, no. 3 (May 2006): 1475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500682.

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Sanda, Gaute Egeland, Eirik Tandberg Olsen, and Stein-Erik Fleten. "Selective hedging in hydro-based electricity companies." Energy Economics 40 (November 2013): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.06.018.

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Eun, Cheol S., and Bruce G. Resnick. "International equity investment with selective hedging strategies." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 7, no. 1 (April 1997): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-4431(97)00009-7.

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Worley, Ray E. "Effects of Hedging and Selective Limb Pruning of Elliott, Desirable, and Farley Pecan Trees under Three Irrigation Regimes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 1 (January 1985): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.1.12.

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Abstract Twenty-year-old ‘Elliott’, ‘Desirable’, and ‘Farley’ trees were pruned over, an 8-year period using: 1) pruning on only low and broken limbs, 2) removal of competing wood from alternating temporary trees, 3) top and side hedging, and 4) selective limb pruning. Wood removal from temporary trees was low, except for the last two years of the study, and little difference in yield and quality from the control was obtained. Top and side hedging reduced overall yield of ‘Desirable’ and ‘Farley’ and it changed the alternate bearing phase of ‘Elliott’ so that yields were increased and decreased in alternating years. Selective limb pruning increased yield of ‘Desirable’ in one year but, overall, gave no significant yield changes from the control. Selective limb pruning increased ‘Elliott’ yield in some years and reduced it in others to give an overall reduction in yield. Selective limb pruning did not reduce yield of ‘Farley’ significantly. Selective limb pruning usually increased nut size, and pruning effects on quality were erratic. Both hedging and selective limb pruning usually increased terminal growth. Most parameters measured showed significant cultivar × year × irrigation × pruning interactions.
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Kiss, Gábor Dávid, Marianna Sávai, and Beáta Udvari. "Missing Data Bias on a Selective Hedging Strategy." Journal of Competitiveness 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2017.01.01.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Selective hedging"

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Bosserhoff, Frank [Verfasser]. "Portfolio selection, delta hedging and robustness in Brownian and jump-diffusion models / Frank Bosserhoff." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206248602/34.

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Wang, Qian. "Modeling of contagion effects and their influence to the pricing and hedging of basket credit derivatives." Lohmar Köln Eul, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2790901&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Wang, Qian. "Modeling of contagion effects and their influence to the pricing and hedging of basket credit derivatives /." Lohmar [u.a.] : Eul, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2790901&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Cotrim, Felipe Mascarenhas. "Um estudo sobre a capacidade de gestores de fundos multigestor adicionarem valor aos cotistas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13475.

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With lhe increase of lhe number of assei managers and an even larger a number of investments alternatives in lhe Brazilian hedge fund industry, Fund of Hedge Funds became an alternative for investors planning to diversify their investments through financiai specialists. The intention of this study is to evaluate lhe capacity of Brazilian Funds of Hedge Funds (FoHF), classified as Multimercados Multigestor, to generate abnormal returns (alpha). For this porpoise we studied a sample of 1421 Fund of Hedg Funds between January of 2005 and December of 2011. The results of multi-factor model regressions, derived from Jensen's model (1968), suggest that only 3.03% of lhe funds in lhe sample can add value. The three main potential sources of alpha generalion in Funds of Hedge Funds come from lhe strategic allocation of lhe portfolios, lhe anticipation of market movements (market timing) and lhe capacity of FoHF managers to select lhe best assei managers in lhe industry to com pose its portfolio (fund selection). To evaluate lhe Brazilian FoHF manager's ability to anticipate market movements we included quadratic terms in lhe multi-factor models, as proposed by Treynor and Mazuy (1966). The results showed lha! managers, on average, could not add value by market timing. To evaluate lhe strategic allocation ability and lhe fund's selection abilities, we created a new variable with lhe information about lhe asseis in lhe porlfolio of each fund in lhe sample in every different month. The tests indicated that FoHF managers, on average, could no! add value by selecting lhe best managers, but lhe strategic allocation ability showed a positive contribution to FoHF's return. We also studied lhe alpha generation capacity before costs. lt raised lhe percentage of funds with positive alpha to 6.39% of lhe funds in lhe sample, but it was no! able to change lhe signal of lhe average alpha, lha! remained nega tive.
Com o aumento do número de gestores especializados em um número cada vez maior de possibilidades de investimentos na indústria de fundos brasileira, os fundos Multigestor se tornaram uma alternativa para os investidores que procuram diversificar seus investimentos e delegam às instituições financeiras o trabalho de alocar os recursos dentro das diferentes estratégias e fundos existentes no mercado. O intuito deste estudo é avaliar a capacidade de gerar retornos anormais (alfa) dos fundos de fundos da indústria brasileira, classificados como Fundos Multimercados Multigestor. Para isso foi estudada uma amostra com 1.421 fundos Multigestor com tributação de Longo Prazo no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2011. A análise dos resultados encontrados através de regressões de modelos de vários fatores, derivados do modelo de Jensen (1968), sugere que apenas 3,03% dos fundos estudados conseguem adicionar valor a seus cotistas. Foram estudadas ainda as três principais fontes potenciais de geração de alfa dos fundos de fundos, a escolha das estratégias que compõe a carteira do fundo (alocação estratégica), a antecipação de movimentos de mercado (market timing) e a capacidade selecionar os melhores fundos dentro de cada estratégia (seleção de fundos). A partir da inclusão de termos quadráticos, conforme proposto pelos modelos de Treynor e Mazuy (1966) pode-se verificar que os fundos Multigestor, em média, não conseguem adicionar valor tentando antecipar movimentos de mercado (market timing). Através da construção de uma variável explicativa com a composição estratégica de cada fundo da amostra em cada período de tempo, pode-se verificar que os gestores de fundos de fundos, em média, também fracassam ao tentar selecionar os melhores fundos/gestores da indústria. Já a escolha das estratégias que compõe a carteira do fundo (alocação estratégica) mostrou contribuir positivamente para o retorno dos fundos. Ainda foi avaliada a capacidade de gerar alfa antes dos custos, o que elevou o percentual de fundos com alfa positivo para 6,39% dos fundos estudados, mas foi incapaz de alterar o sinal do alfa médio, que permaneceu negativo.
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Xu, Wei. "The effects of competitive environments on corporate selective hedging behaviour." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120433.

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This thesis examines corporate derivative use and selective hedging behaviour taking into account the competitive environment in which the firm and its decision makers are involved. The effects of competitive environments are investigated from different levels. One is the industry level which considers the predation risk that firms could encounter because of product market competition. The other is at the board level; specifically the conflicts in board decision making because of board gender diversity. The test results support the explanatory power of both predation risk and board gender diversity on corporate selective hedging behaviour. Firms encountering higher predation risk are more likely to use derivatives to time the market for extra returns. Female participation on boards encourages selective hedging behaviour. However, adverse effects appear stronger on selective hedging when more females are appointed as directors. Once a critical mass is achieved (a board with over 20% or at least three female members), the intensity of selective hedging behaviour is significantly mitigated. A bell-shaped relationship between board gender diversity and selective hedging behaviour is found. Though a competitive environment has different levels and dimensions, by analysing this issue from both external and internal perspectives, this study emphasises the importance of contextual settings in discussing corporate decision making and risk management.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2019
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Li, Cho-Hsing, and 李卓行. "Portfolio Selection with Futures Hedging." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42939309972611686475.

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碩士
中原大學
工業工程研究所
90
Portfolio selection and risk management have become two significant studies in the territory of finance. For that the future price and risk of an asset are always uncertain, investors often encounter complicated situations when making their decisions. In this research, by using the concept of safety first, we provided two models for selecting portfolio, the return rate model and the price di‹erence model, to help selecting the stock which has the smallest downside risk for the investment. With combining of selling futures contracts, we could make it possible to avoid risk generated by market fluctuations. Moreover, we also measured the performances of the portfolios in consulting the historical data.
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Hsiao, Tse-an, and 蕭澤安. "Selectively Hedging in Foreign Exchange Market." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12358181979621636256.

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碩士
逢甲大學
國際貿易所
96
After Bretton Woods Agreement collapsed, individual investors or portfolio managers have long exposed to the foreign exchange rate risks. Comparing to individual investors, the managers in global or multinational corporations (MNCs), exporters and importers are easier to expose themselves to foreign exchange risk. Without doubt, the value of firms will be deeply affected by exchange rate fluctuations which play key factors in international financial market, international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). Thus, how to use suitable international parity conditions to establish a theoretical value of foreign exchange rate, and based on the theoretical value tailoring and carrying out the foreign exchange hedging strategies to pursuit a higher value of the company are critical issues for the financial success of MNCs’ foreign operation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different hedging strategies which have been discussed in the literature using updated data for the period May, 1990 to August, 2007, and adopting both return per unit of risk measures and stochastic dominance rules. The performance is evaluated for seven foreign exchange rates by using ten strategies. No matter in 1-month, 3-month or 6-month horizons, we find a strategy which hedges when forward rate is at a premium generally outperforms the other strategies for the research period. Similar findings are also emerging when we employ the stochastic dominance rules. Moreover, the always hedge would be inferior to the never hedge essentially.
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Tsai, Pei-Ling, and 蔡佩玲. "Hedging Strategy Selection of Soybean Importers and Processors─An Application of GARCH Model." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80401097451999980344.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系
89
Soybean importers and processors in Taiwan always face soybean price risk and exchange risk. In recent years, there are only few research on agricultural futures hedging, not to say on soybean futures hedging. Almost all the literature on agricultural futures hedging assume that the variances of return time-series are constant. In addition, the exchange risk is always neglected. The paper utilizes the GARCH model to conduct an empirical examination, including the hedge ratios and the hedging performances under the flowing four different scenarios: (1) Price risk only is considered and hedged by using soybean futures. (2) Both price risk and exchange risk are considered, and hedged by using soybean futures only. (3) Using soybean futures to hedge price risk and using US/NT currency forward contract to hedge exchange risk. And (4) using soybean futures to hedge price risk and using cross-currency hedging to hedge exchange risk. The empirical results show that for the first scenario, namely only when price risk is considered, the hedging performance, which is measured as the percentage decrease of coefficient of variation, is above 96%; while for the second scenario, the hedging performance decreases to 89.39%. That is to say, exchange risk may not be neglected if the goal for the soybean importers or processors is to stabilize the material cost, which is in term of NT dollar. As to the third and fourth scenarios, the hedging performances become around 99%. The results indicate that the soybean importers or processors may consider using US/NT currency forward contract or using cross-currency hedging to hedge exchange risk, in addition to using soybean futures to hedge the price risks.
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Liu, Tai-Shan, and 劉泰山. "The Application of KD and MACD Technical Indexes in the Selection of Hedging Timing: Evidence from the Hedging of Taiwan Stock Index Futures." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73371919319757265322.

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碩士
逢甲大學
財務金融學所
97
In the previous empirical literature on hedging, most of them focused on the estimation of hedge ratios, models for the optimal hedge ratios, and the comparison of hedging performance. However, a successful hedge must include at least three important parts: hedging timing, hedging instruments, and the optimal hedge ratio. In particular the choice of the hedging timing is rarely discussed in the literature. In this study, an improved contingent hedging model that contains the three parts will provide a complete hedge reference for investors. The purposes of this study are to discuss the application of the combination of KD & MACD technical indexes in hedge timing and to provide an empirical test. We use weekly and monthly price data for the calculation of the values of KD & MACD to improve the shortcoming of frequent transaction, resulting from high turnover by using daily data, which is not suitable for institutional investors. In this study, the Taiwan Security Exchange Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) in the period 1982/12/30 to 2008/12/31 is used as the spot asset to be hedged, and the near months, next months, and far months of TAIEX futures which is traded in the Taiwan Futures Exchange in the period 1998/8/1 to 2008/12/31 are used as the hedging instruments. The empirical results show that the KD & MACD combination using weekly and monthly data outperforms the buy-and-hold strategy for both considering and without considering the transaction costs. Then the KD & MACD combination is applied to the hedging timing of the contingent hedging model, and two hedging strategies are used to deal with the profits (losses) of futures hedging: Strategy I is that hedge profits (or losses) of futures are used for lending (borrowing) in (from) banks and strategy II is that hedge profits (or losses) of futures are used for buying (or selling) shares of the stock portfolio during the hedging period. Whether the transaction costs are considered or not, the results of improved contingent hedging model for both strategies I and II produce larger returns than the returns on the buy-and-hold strategy. Especially, KD & MACD combination using weekly data outperforms that by using monthly data. The best hedging strategies combination is that (1) the KD & MACD combination is calculated by using six-week weekly data (6KM); (2) the profits (losses) are used to buy (sell) shares; and (3) the far month futures contracts of TAIEX index futures are used as the hedging instruments. The improved contingent hedging model proposed in this study has the merit of easy implementation and provides a feasible and valuable method for the hedging practice.
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Zhou, Ying. "Downside Risk Constraints and Currency Hedging in International Portfolios: the Asian and Late-2000 Crisis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8974.

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MV is the traditional method to treat international portfolio selection problems, which bases its theory on the assumption of Normal Distribution. However, during economy recession the portfolio return turns out to be a fat tail distribution. Therefore, in this sense, we explore Roy’s SF criterion and apply the extreme theory to the historical data. We demonstrate how such portfolios would perform during the Asian Crisis, IT Bubble Bust and the Financial Crisis separately. We also compare the SF portfolio’s performance to the MV portfolio’s performance, therefore to check, SF and MV portfolio, which will outperform during bust and boom of the economy. The Asian Crisis was marked with great currency devaluation and lower currency return on equity. The Dot.Com Bubble Busts was known for its sharp plummet in the stock market, while, the Financial Crisis was known as the large falls in the US stock market and elsewhere. They are the extreme events of the world capital markets, which in some way contribute to the non-normal distribution. Simulated results over the 1997-2010 period which include six busts and booms: the Asian Crisis, period after Asian Crisis, IT Bubble Bust, period after IT Bubble Bust, The Financial Crisis and period after The Financial Crisis, indicate that SF portfolio outperforms MV portfolio during most of the times, this result is especially obvious for Indonesian and Thailand.
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Books on the topic "Selective hedging"

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Eun, Cheol A. International equity investment with selective hedging strategies. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Graduate School of Business, 1994.

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Byrne, John E. Selective hedging of foreign currency exposure: A statistical approach. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1994.

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Chorafas, Dimitris N. The money magnet: Regulating international finance, analyzing money flows and selecting a strategy for personal hedging. London: Euromoney, 1996.

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Vaga, Tonis. Profiting from chaos: Using chaos theory for market timing, stock selection, and option valuation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Selective hedging"

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Andornino, Giovanni B. "Continuity and Change in Italy-China Relations: From Economic Pragmatism to Selective Followership and Back." In China-US Competition, 133–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15389-1_6.

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AbstractItaly is generally not a conspicuous actor in world affairs. In 2019, however, the Italian government chose to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cooperation within the framework of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI), thereby stepping right into the middle of what has become a defining feature of the current international system, namely the US-China strategic competition. This chapter focuses on Italy’s domestic politics to argue that Rome used the BRI MoU as a tool to strike a tactical entente with the PRC to leverage Beijing’s resulting goodwill in order to extract the economic concessions that had long eluded Italian policy-makers. Between 2018 and 2019 Italy reacted to the budding “neutrality” vs. “taking sides” dilemma in the post-unipolar order by moving across “sub-zones” within a China policy that remained firmly anchored in the “hedging zone”.
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Röthig, Andreas. "Arbitrage Pressure, Positive Feedback Speculation, Selective Hedging, and Economic Stability: An Empirical Analysis and Catastrophe Modelling." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 87–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01565-6_5.

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Di Graziano, Giuseppe, and Stefano Galluccio. "On Model Selection and its Impact on the Hedging of Financial Derivatives." In Advances in Risk Management, 353–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625846_18.

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Lie, Erik. "Risk Management Theory." In Applied Corporate Risk and Liquidity Management, 47—C4.F16. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664995.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter explains why risk management can create value for firms. It shows that risk management creates value if a cash shortage prevents firms from investing in value-enhancing projects. An exception is if the risk factors and investment opportunities are correlated. The chapter further shows that debtholders, equityholders, and managers have different preferences for risk and risk management. Managers are also prone to behavioral bias stemming from their own overconfidence, which leads to selective hedging.
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Crawford, Timothy W. "The Entente Fails to Keep Turkey Neutral, 1914." In The Power to Divide, 57–71. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754715.003.0005.

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This chapter analyzes the entente's failed attempts (after the July Crisis of 1914) to prevent the Ottoman Empire from intervening on the side of the Central powers. This case highlights key elements and relationships in the theoretical framework. The entente's goal was to keep a hedging Turkey neutral — it thus sought a low degree of alignment change, an easier thing to achieve. But the entente powers' high alliance constraints proved detrimental. For while the Allies (roughly equal in power and dependence) did agree about the basic goal and method of selective accommodation, they did not agree about Turkey's strategic weight. That lack of consensus impaired their ability to mobilize sufficient reward power. They did not combine the concessions to Turkey and each other that were both possible and, as it turned out, necessary to cement its neutrality. The case thus reveals the impediments to success that arise when highly constrained allies differ about the target's war-tipping potential.
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Denison, R. Ford. "Diversity, Bet-hedging, and Selection among Ideas." In Darwinian Agriculture. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139500.003.0012.

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This chapter summarizes the book's main conclusions and cautions against exclusive reliance on any single approach. The book's central thesis is that nature's wisdom is found primarily in competitively tested individual adaptations, in wild species and sometimes still in cultivated ones, rather than in the overall structure of natural ecosystems. It notes how some biotechnology advocates underestimate the perfection of existing individual adaptations and suggests that most near-term opportunities for genetic improvement of crops or livestock will involve tradeoffs that had constrained natural selection in the past. The chapter considers two basic approaches to the problem of varying environments: phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging. It also discusses bet-hedging in food production, the bet-hedging benefits of organic farming and animal agriculture, and the use of diversity for bet-hedging in agricultural research. Finally, it describes traditional agricultural sciences that have been more receptive to input from evolutionary biology than biotechnology has.
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"12. Diversity, Bet-hedging, and Selection among Ideas." In Darwinian Agriculture, 190–216. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400842810.190.

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Hutchings, Jeffrey A. "Life-History Evolution in a Changing Environment." In A Primer of Life Histories, 99–114. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198839873.003.0006.

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The underlying current to this chapter is change. Environments are not static. They can shift directionally or exhibit natural variability, sometimes predictably (e.g. seasonal periodicity) but often unpredictably (stochasticity). The chapter begins by exploring how changes in the directionality and variance of environmental conditions can influence life-history evolution. Variability is the key word for the second half of the chapter. In response to environmental unpredictability, organisms have evolved bet-hedging strategies that maximize the geometric mean or long-run fitness. These life histories can involve one or more conservative or diversification bet-hedging traits. For example, under semelparity, selection can favour the germination of seeds or the hatching of diapausing eggs across multiple generations. Under iteroparity, rather than producing the maximum number of offspring that an organism is capable of producing in few breeding episodes, environmental variability can favour the production of fewer offspring per episode but across a greater number of breeding episodes. The chapter closes with a consideration of different forms of stochasticity and how stochastic estimates of fitness can differ from determinant estimates.
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Denison, R. Ford. "Darwinian Agriculture’s Three Core Principles." In Darwinian Agriculture. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139500.003.0004.

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This chapter introduces the three core principles of Darwinian agriculture. First, natural selection is fast enough, and has been improving plants and animals for long enough, that it has left few simple, tradeoff-free opportunities for further improvement. Therefore, implicit or explicit acceptance of tradeoffs has been and will be key to crop genetic improvement, through biotechnology or traditional plant breeding methods. Second, competitive testing of individual adaptations by natural selection is more rigorous than nature's testing of natural ecosystems merely by endurance. Although testing by endurance shows sustainability, there may still be considerable room for improvement. Third, we should hedge our bets against future uncertainty with a greater variety of crops and of research approaches. The chapter argues that this bet-hedging will require allocating some land and other resources to crops and research programs that seem less promising today but may outperform today's winners if conditions change.
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Conference papers on the topic "Selective hedging"

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Florianová, Hana. "THE PORTFOLIO SELECTION FOR A HEDGING STRATEGY." In 7th Economics & Finance Conference, Tel Aviv. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2017.007.001.

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Liu, Yanwu, and Zhongzhen Zhang. "Mean-Absolute Deviation Optimization Model for Hedging Portfolio Selection Problems." In 2009 ETP International Conference on Future Computer and Communication (FCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcc.2009.51.

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3

Huang, Xin, and Duan Li. "A Two-level Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Ambiguous Mean-variance Portfolio Selection Problem." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/624.

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Abstract:
Traditional modeling on the mean-variance portfolio selection often assumes a full knowledge on statistics of assets' returns. It is, however, not always the case in real financial markets. This paper deals with an ambiguous mean-variance portfolio selection problem with a mixture model on the returns of risky assets, where the proportions of different component distributions are assumed to be unknown to the investor, but being constants (in any time instant). Taking into consideration the updates of proportions from future observations is essential to find an optimal policy with active learning feature, but makes the problem intractable when we adopt the classical methods. Using reinforcement learning, we derive an investment policy with a learning feature in a two-level framework. In the lower level, the time-decomposed approach (dynamic programming) is adopted to solve a family of scenario subcases where in each case the series of component distributions along multiple time periods is specified. At the upper level, a scenario-decomposed approach (progressive hedging algorithm) is applied in order to iteratively aggregate the scenario solutions from the lower layer based on the current knowledge on proportions, and this two-level solution framework is repeated in a manner of rolling horizon. We carry out experimental studies to illustrate the execution of our policy scheme.
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