Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sélection de la meilleure vue'
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Fki, Emna. "Sélection et composition flexible basée services abstraits pour une meilleure adaptation aux intentions des utilisateurs." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10051.
Full textThe design approach of service oriented architectures (SOA) is based on standards which gives the possibility of creating an integrated IT infrastructure capable of rapidly responding to new user needs. Actually, it is not always easy to find services that meet user requests.Therefore, the service composition satisfying the user intention is a growing need. The composition of services implies the ability to select, coordinate, interact, and to interoperate existing services. The composition is considered as a complex task. This complexity is mainly due to the large number of available services and their heterogeneity as they are created by different organizations. This complexity is increased when services must be dynamically and automatically composed to meet requirements which are not satisfied by existing services. In fact, an approach for service composition must offer the potential to achieve flexible and adaptable applications, by selecting and combining services based of the request and the context of the user. In this perspective, different approaches have been developed for services composition. However, most of the existing composition approaches tend to be static and not flexible in the sense that they do not have the ability to adapt to user requirements. In this thesis, we propose a composition approach in which the generation of the composition schema is performed at runtime through the use of abstract services provided at design time. The use of abstract services allows flexibility and adaptability without having to build a service composition from scratch at run time. The composition process that we propose consists mainly of four steps. The first step takes a structure of user requirements materialized by a graph of intentions and enriches this graph to explicit the implicit relationships. The enriched graph is used to generate an initial composition scheme by building the control flow and selecting the appropriate abstract services. The selection of these services is based on the semantic matching and the degree of semantic affinity between abstract services. The third step is to generate the final composition schema with a refinement mechanism of abstract services using semantic matching techniques and taking into account user context and constraints. Finally, the execution plan is generated driven by non-functional constraints provided in the intentions specification
Boukacem, Boucif. "Segmentation d'articles mathématiques en vue d'une navigation et d'une meilleure exploitation du document mathématique." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Full textAs in every scientific field, the editorial production of researchers in Mathematics is written through relatively rigid and standardized forms. Mathematical documents follow classical norms, some of which are common to various disciplines (presence of parts such as summary, conclusion, bibliography…), and others specific to mathematics (lemmas, theorems, demonstration…). Furthermore, this discipline uses a symbolical language made up of signs, which are used through the document in different ways: either within the text itself, or in the formulas. Through this thesis, our work intends to contribute to the analysis and the understanding of the mathematical document body. This work operates more precisely at the logical structure level of documents in order to improve the processing phase. To segment mathematical documents in autonomous units (only the texts of documents are concerned by segmentation, not their images), we propose two methods that aim at easing the search of information and browsing, through direct access to the most relevant parts of the document. We hence constitute a corpus of mathematical documents that we analyse through different perspectives. To segment these articles in autonomous units, we carefully study the specific language of mathematics. Finally, we propose different paths for browsing through this corpus so as to ease information retrieval
Boukacem, Boucif Emptoz Hubert Lafouge Thierry. "Segmentation d'articles mathématiques en vue d'une navigation et d'une meilleure exploitation du document mathématique." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=boukacem.
Full textBenistand, Thibault. "Caractérisation mécanique des bois feuillus Français en vue de leur meilleure intégration aux Eurocodes 5." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0225.
Full textAlthough the French forest is composed of two-thirds of hardwoods and one-third of softwoods, timber construction mainly uses softwood species (fir, pine, spruce, douglas fir ...) that come from France and Europe. Design standard for wood construction (EUROCODE 5) is based on researches and publications carried out mainly on softwood in the last 70 years. A better valuation of hardwoods can only be done by conducting similar studies on these species. The aim of the ANR EFEUR 5 project is to improve the knowledge of mechanical properties of hardwoods with the highest potential (oak, beech and poplar) in order to remove the obstacles to their utilization in construction. In this perspective, this thesis focuses on the relation bewteen so-called secondary mechanical properties (tensile, compression and shear strength, etc.) as a function of the principal mechanical properties (bending strength, density and modulus of elasticity). In a second time the mechanical behavior of joints has been studied in order to reduce the number of dowels in joints made with hardwood. Finally, from the results, an analysis of the recovery routes for hardwood has been carried out and tested as part of a demonstrator project
LKenfack, Josiane. "Adolescents issus de l’immigration : mobilisation de ressources scolaires et communautaires en vue d’une meilleure insertion sociale." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36870.
Full textRobert, Alain. "Recherche d'une méthodologie de caractérisations d'adhésifs en vue d'une sélection pour un collage composite-composite." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT039G.
Full textTriki, Anissa. "Etude des voies de sélection d'Haematococcus pluvialis en vue de l'amélioration de la production d'astaxanthine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22025.
Full textPfeiffer, Sylvie. "Les candidats au don de sperme en vue d'IAD au CECOS d'Aquitaine : recrutement, sélection, résultats." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25267.
Full textBoussu, François. "Simulation de la filière textile - habillement - distribution : réduction de la complexité en vue d'une meilleure prévision des ventes." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-31.pdf.
Full textUne identification des methodes et modeles de prevision adaptes a l'environnement de vente des articles textiles est egalement proposee. L'application de six methodes de prevision, et leurs evaluations par des mesures differentes de l'erreur sur des donnees de vente reelles, a permis de mettre en valeur les capacites d'adaptation et de precision des methodes de lissage utilisant une procedure d'auto-regulation de leurs propres parametres. Enfin, la reduction du nombre de donnees a traiter tout en minimisant la perte d'information est abordee. Les methodologies de classification proposees constituent des methodes d'analyse des donnees de vente des articles textiles et fournissent l'essentiel de l'information pour l'identification d'un modele de prevision adapte. L'utilisation d'un algorithme genetique de classification, dont la capacite reside a explorer l'ensemble des solutions, a permis d'atteindre la repartition optimale globale
Ribot, Pascale. "Déterminisme physiologique et génétique de la protéogénèse en vue de la sélection d'orges de qualité (Hordeum vulgare L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT017A.
Full textAzariz, Driss. "Sélection de souches d'actinomycètes cellulolytiques à partir du tube digestif de termites africains en vue d'applications en biotechnologie." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120074.
Full textBernard, Anthony. "Étude des ressources génétiques du noyer en vue de la mise en œuvre d'une sélection assistée par marqueurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0128.
Full textThe present work carried out on walnut consisted in exploiting the rich genetic resources available at the INRAE of Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, in order to provide the tools that can be used in a new breeding program conducted by the CTIFL, centre opérationnel de Lanxade. In fact, in view of the walnut's significant economic development, the choice of varieties in France does not seem to be sufficient to meet future new constraints such as global competition and climate change. The prospecting work carried out mainly by Éric Germain's team has made it possible to gather most of the species of the genus Juglans and numerous accessions of cultivated walnut, Juglans regia L, at the UEA of Toulenne. The use of his archives accumulated over 30 years permitted to make public important chronological phenotyping data concerning this collection. These data showed the advance of the phenology of the two control varieties 'Lara' and 'Franquette' in relation to climate change. Using a set of 13 SSR markers, alleles specific to Juglans species were identified and the structure of the collection was studied. This structure shows two main subgroups, one comprising accessions from Eastern Europe and Asia and the other from Western Europe and the USA. Also, a core collection was defined to carry out GWAS studies on the main traits of agronomic interest, from flower to fruit, using a 600,000 SNP chip developed by the University of Davis in California. Associations between SNPs and several phenology-related traits were identified using archives and newly acquired data. A SNP strongly related to the budbreak date of leaves and female flowers was identified on chromosome 1 and co-localized with a QTL detected in parallel on a F1 progeny. A KASP marker was validated with plant material from the University of Davis. Other associations were also identified for dichogamy and bearing habit, a trait directly affecting yield, and led to the definition of candidate genes. Further GWAS analyses were conducted on fruit-related traits such as nut size, weight, breaking yield and force required to break the shell. In parallel, methods using robust phenotyping techniques have been developed, such as the use of X-ray microtomography to measure all morphological traits without breaking the nut. Finally, work was carried out to compare the efficiency of the two types of markers used in this work, SSR and SNP. The results show that the 13 SSR markers give similar results to several thousands of SNPs with regard to structure determination and construction of core collections, which are essential in the management of genetic resources. In the long term, the results of this work will make it possible to initiate marker-assisted selection for the creation of new varieties, within the framework of a new improvement program to be carried out by the CTIFL. These new varieties will be able to meet the criteria sought in the coming years, taking into account climate change
Gless, Henri-Jean. "Vers une conception architecturale BIM-agile : proposition d’un ensemble de pratiques collaboratives en vue d’une meilleure appropriation de la technologie BIM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0033/document.
Full textThe question of digital transition is a key issue in architectural design. The objective of our research is to propose collaborative practices to facilitate this digital transition. We focus on so-called "agile" practices to improve communication and coordination between architects, engineers or project owner. These practices must allow these actors to exchange their architectural intentions and evaluate them while ensuring that their proposals are satisfactory concerning the client's needs. These practices consist in collaboratively filling out a book of intentions, requiring confrontations of opinions, playing a card game obliging all designers to speak out, holding short, daily meetings to explain their progress or being a coach, whose objective is to make life easier for their employees
Gless, Henri-Jean. "Vers une conception architecturale BIM-agile : proposition d’un ensemble de pratiques collaboratives en vue d’une meilleure appropriation de la technologie BIM." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0033.
Full textThe question of digital transition is a key issue in architectural design. The objective of our research is to propose collaborative practices to facilitate this digital transition. We focus on so-called "agile" practices to improve communication and coordination between architects, engineers or project owner. These practices must allow these actors to exchange their architectural intentions and evaluate them while ensuring that their proposals are satisfactory concerning the client's needs. These practices consist in collaboratively filling out a book of intentions, requiring confrontations of opinions, playing a card game obliging all designers to speak out, holding short, daily meetings to explain their progress or being a coach, whose objective is to make life easier for their employees
Lazorthes, Benjamin. "Méthodologie de sélection des matériaux en vue de l'optimisation acoustique de panneaux sandwichs : application à l'habillage commercial d'un avion." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF21216.
Full textMirzaq, Benzidia Souâd. "Détermination automatique des paramètres pertinents d'une image binaire en vue d'une reconnaissance de forme." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10068.
Full textLeclère, Mariel. "Evolution de la capacité à sélectionner la meilleure stratégie au cours du vieillissement normal et pathologique : Effet de la répétition stratégique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3101.
Full textThe main goals of this thesis were (a) to study the strategy repetition phenomenon and its evolution during normal and pathological aging and (b) to highlight mechanisms involved in the strategy selection. To achieve these purposes, we collected strategy selection data from young, healthy older adults, and patients with Alzheimer's disease (i.e., AD). Our main results showed that (a) older adults repeated strategies significantly more than young adults, and especially when this strategy was highly active in working memory, however, (b) they were able to change strategies in a comparable way to young adults when latencies between their response and the next stimulus increased, and (c) AD patients had more difficulties selecting the best strategy than healthy older adults, especially on the most difficult problems (i.e., heterogeneous problems). This work helped in clarifying cognitive processes involved in strategy selection and in understanding effects of normal and pathological aging. We also discuss the implications of these results for theoretical models of strategyselection
Park, Herie. "Modélisation dynamique des apports thermiques dus aux appareils électriques en vue d'une meilleure gestion de l'énergie au sein de bâtiments à basse consommation." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0683/document.
Full textThis work proposes a dynamic thermal model of electrical appliances within low energy buildings. It aims to evaluate the influence of thermal gains of these appliances on the buildings and persuades the necessity of dynamic thermal modeling of electrical appliances for the energy management of low energy buildings and the thermal comfort of inhabitants.Since electrical appliances are one of the free internal heat sources of a building, the building which thermally interact with the appliances has to be modeled. Accordingly, a test room which represents a small scale laboratory set-up of a low energy building is first modeled based on the first thermodynamics principle and the thermal-electrical analogy. Then, in order to establish the thermal modeling of electrical appliances, the appliances are classified into four categories from thermal and electrical points of view. After that, a generic physically driven thermal model of the appliances is derived. It is established based also on the first thermodynamics principle. Along with this modeling, the used experimental protocol and the used identification procedure are presented to estimate the thermal parameters of the appliances. In order to analyze the relevance of the proposed generic model applied to practical cases, several electrical appliances which are widely used in residential buildings, namely a monitor, a computer, a refrigerator, a portable electric convection heater, and microwave are chosen to study and validate the proposed generic model and the measurement and identification protocols. Finally, the proposed dynamic thermal model of electrical appliances is integrated into a residential building model which was developed and validated by the French Technical Research Center for Building (CSTB) on a real building. This coupled model of the appliances and the building is implemented in a building energy simulation tool SIMBAD, which is a specific toolbox of Matlab/Simulink®. Through the simulation, thermal behavior and heating energy use of the building are observed during a winter period. In addition, thermal discomfort owing to usages of electrical appliances during a summer period is also studied and quantified.This work therefore provides the quantitative results of thermal effect of differently characterized electrical appliances within a low energy building and leads to observe their thermal dynamics and interactions. Consequently, it permits the energy management of low energy buildings and the thermal comfort of inhabitants in accordance with the usages of electrical appliances
Verdier, Yann. "Sélection, identification et caractérisation partielle d'antigènes du spermatozoïde du renard (Vulpes vulpes) en vue de leur utilisation dans un vaccin contraceptif." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0307_VERDIER.pdf.
Full textTotikaev, Isabelle. "Tous les points de vue du monde dans un seul journal? Ou la sélection des articles sur les pateras dans "Courrier international"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27654.
Full textComeau, Robert. "Étude du pattern de sélection de neuf espèces de moustiques du genre Aèdes de la Basse-Mauricie en vue d'un repas sanguin." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5738/1/000574443.pdf.
Full textMersad, Amel. "Les colorants en sucrerie : détermination de leurs masses molaires et de leurs caractéristiques spectrométriques en vue d'une meilleure évaluation de leur rétention par filtration tangentielle." Massy, ENSIA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EIAA0118.
Full textPuentes, Mancipe Cristian. "Modélisation des équilibres entre phases et simulation de la distillation des eaux-de-vie en vue d’une meilleure compréhension du comportement des composés volatils d’arôme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA041/document.
Full textThe quality of spirits is a parameter related to the composition of volatile aroma compounds. This composition results from the combined production process of raw material extraction, subsequent fermentation, distillation and, in many cases, ageing.Distillation is a very old and the most important industrial separation technology. However, in spirits production, this operation relies essentially on empirical knowledge. The aim of this PhD was to contribute to a better understanding of the volatile aroma compounds behaviour in spirits distillation and to provide a scientific basis for the process through computer simulation. The study was focused on Armagnac and Calvados production by continuous multistage distillation.The simulation modules were built using the software ProSimPlus®. The first part of this research was dedicated to the acquisition of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of the volatile aroma compounds in ethanol-water solutions, in order to estimate the binary interaction parameters of the NRTL model.Three complementary approaches of data acquisition were used: literature compilation, experimental measurements and predictions with UNIFAC and COSMO models.According to their relative volatilities with respect to ethanol and water, the volatile aroma compounds can be classified in three groups: light compounds, intermediary compounds and heavy compounds. The second part of this research dealt with the creation and validation of simulation modules, by using reconciled experimental data from the distillation units. The results prove that simulation is a powerful tool in spirits distillation. The simulation data enables a more precise classification of the intermediary compounds in three categories, by considering their composition profiles in the distillation column and their recovery ratios from feed to distillate. Finally, the analysis of some operating parameters, including ethanol concentration in the distillate as well as tails extractions, demonstrates that the distillate composition can be modified by virtue of a selective separation of intermediary and heavy compounds with respect to ethanol
Haraghi, Aïmen. "Rôle et fonction des protéines WIP au cours du développement des organes reproducteurs chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Vers une meilleure compréhension du réseau génétique de CmWIP1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS508.
Full textOne of the characteristics of living organisms is the ability to reproduce themselves. Sexual reproduction is a mechanism that increases the potential diversity of species and their positive selection. To reproduce most of plants species use a type of sexual organ named flower. The sex of this organ is determined by the presence or absence of two different types of reproductive tissue. The stamen is the male reproductive tissue and the carpel is (the female reproductive tissue). In many species the development of these tissues is controlled by a network of genes. Cucumis melo (melon) is a model plant to study genetic network controlling sex determination. Melon sex determination genetic model can be explained by the modulation of three genes. The gene CmACS-7 at the locus M which encodes for an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme that represses stamen development (Boualem and al 2008). The gene CmWIP1 at the locus G which encodes a putative transcription factor that represses carpel development (Martin and al 2010). And the gene CmACS11 at the locus A which encode for an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme that represses CmWIP1 expression (boualem et al 2015). The aim of this thesis project is to understand in which biological process cmWIP1 is involved to inhibit carpel development. The identification of the precise function of cmWIP1 will lead to the identification of new putative alleles controlling carpel development and sex determination. To achieve this goal we set up a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana to unravel genetic interactors of CmWIP1. At the present moment we found four putative genetic interactors. These putative candidates will be tested in melon. Plants that are mutated in theses cmWIP1 genetic interactors should harbour female organ inside each of their flowers. Then the introgression of these alleles in crop species may increase fruit and/or seed yields
Bruyn, Bertrand de. "Etude de la vulnérabilité des eaux aux produits phytosanitaires : indicateur environnemental et modèle mécaniste, en vue d'une meilleure gestion du bassin versant de la Leysse (Savoie)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006400.
Full textAdrien, Muriel Monique Madeleine. "A perte de vue : parcours dans les lumières d'une sélection de peintures anglaises de la fin du XVIIIème et du début du XIXème siècles." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20029.
Full textThe present work studies the way light is tackled and pictured in a selection of paintings of the Enlightenment period, in relation to the epistemology of the time, together with the technical and theatrical appropriation of lighting. In the empirical context of the Enlightening, scientific observation of the sky somewhat replaced the theological heavens. Our landscape painters (Towne, Cotman, Gainsborough, Constable, Cox) drew their palette from this was blank canvas, as well as their pictorial scheme- the cloud : an empirical trope, both denoting and disturbing space and representation. In parallel, the advent of artificial public and theatrical lighting encouraged a Promothean type of painting (Wright of Derby, Martin, Loutherbourg), one that was encroached on by the shadows of the Enlightening, which provided its inspiration, design, background and substance. As for Turner, he strove to represent light more frontally, and render visuality rather than visibility : how could the aporia of light be solved, in so far as light rules over what can be see, and yet cannot itself be seen ?
Kaumbu, Jean Marc Kyalamakasa. "Sélection précoce des espèces forestières et potentiel mycorhizien arbusculaire en vue de la reforestation de la forêt claire dégradée du Haut-Katanga, en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68940.
Full textIn the Katanga province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), the anthropogenic pressure is exerted on the Miombo woodland (MW) with the expansion of the agricultural lands and the increased demand for charcoal, due to the demographic growth. The restorationof agricultural and forest fallows has become essential to reverse this decline and sustainably manage the degraded MW. The main objective of this thesis was to study the development of seedlings and the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the MW of UpperKatanga, DRC. Its specific objectives were to: (i) assess the development and mycorrhizalstatus of MW species, with respect to their successional status (early (ES) or late (LS) tree species); (ii) determine the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum potential (AMIP) in degradedMW; and (iii) describe the diversity and community structure of AMF associated with amultipurpose forest tree (Pterocarpus tinctorius Welw also named Mninga maji in Swahili,Mukula in Bemba).First, the development of the seedlings was evaluated, for two pioneer tree species(Combretum collinum and P. tinctorius) and six late species (Brachystegia boehmii, B.longifolia, B. spiciformis, B. wangermeana, Julbernardia globiflora and J. paniculata), 1, 2and 4 years after planting. Then, the AMIP was estimated in degraded MW by baitingCrotalaria juncea seedlings. The relationship between AMIP and vegetation indix wase stablished with Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and linear regressions. Finally, the diversity and the structure of the AMF community in the roots of P. tinctorius were characterized in the agricultural and forest fallow of three sites, by amplification, cloning of the 28S gene of the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA and Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the early successional tree species, ES (Chipya) had early growthand were 3 to 40 times more productive than to LS (tree species characteristic of MW). ESspecies were colonized by AMF, whereas LS species were colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi. In degraded MW, the density of some trees had a positive influence on AMIP,particularly woody legumes acting synergistically with the abundance of annual grasses.Woody legumes were more colonized and would act as AMF plant refuges. Molecular diversity of 30 operational taxonomic units (UTOs) of AMF was associated with P. tinctorius (one of the mycotrophic woody legumes), in the agricultural and forest fallows of three sites studied. The community richness and structure of the AMF were driven by the density ofwoody species colonized by AMF evenly distributed in plant species. The AMF communitywas dominated by species of the genera Rhizophagus and Sclerocystis, and were strongly associated with some chemical properties of the soil (pH, acidity, total aluminium and totaliron) and the density of some trees. Thus, the results highlight a variability of growth and biomass depending on the successional status (ecological groups). Also, the AMIP and the AMF communities were mainly driven by tree density and soil properties. We suggest there forestation of degraded MW with the native species (P. tinctorius, B. spiciformis and C.collinum) in mono-specific plantations or under agroforestry management with food crops.
Talha, Sid Ahmed Walid. "Apport des techniques d'analyse et de traitement de données pour la reconnaissance des actions en vue d'un suivi du comportement humain." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0006.
Full textTo prevent the loss of autonomy linked to aging due to physical and / or psychological alterations, new technologies are working to delay its occurrence, detect it, assess it by offering modern and innovative solutions. In this context, our thesis project aims to exploit the contribution of analysis and data processing techniques for monitoring human behavior.This thesis targets two important and complementary parts: the first carries out the daily action recognition performed by a person, to inform us about his degree of autonomy. The second part offers a modern solution to maintain autonomy, it is based on the execution of physical exercices.From a datasets of signals collected by an accelerometer and a gyroscope embedded in a smartphone, we have developed and implemented an intelligent system for action recognition. We were first interested in the construction of a relevant and optimal feature vector according to the classification problem encountered. Our feature selection algorithm is executed at the level of each internal node of the classification approach, thus allowing us to outperform various state-of-the-art methods. Out approach carries out the classification of three categories of actions highly correlated with autonomy and well-being: sedentary actions, periodic or pseudo-periodic actions, and non-periodic actions. Our system also recognizes six postural transitions important for autonomy and well-being. The proposed approach guarantees robustness in the location of sensors and considerably reduces the computation time necessary to recognize the action.Based on actions carried out by the person during the day, an autonomy indicator can be established. To maintain this autonomy and decrease the risk of losing it, it is important to practice physical exercises. In this context, we propose a second intelligent system to recognize human actions based on skeleton data collected from a Kinect camera. A new algorithm for feature extraction in real-time called BDV (Body-part Directional Velocity) has been proposed. The classification of actions is based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) with state output distributions represented by Gaussian mixing models (GMMs). Experimental results on public datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach and its superiority over state-of-the-art methods. The invariance and robustness to the orientation of the camera were also addressed, thus positioning our technique among the best approaches on two datasets presenting this challenge. The early recognition of the action by our system was also considered by showing that half of the actions were predictable almost in the middle of the entire sequence of skeleton data and that some classes were recognized with only 4% of the sequence
Guerin, Lucia. "Analyse de la diversité des Pythium spp. Impliqués dans le cavity spot de la carotte et étude des relations hôte-parasite en vue de la sélection variétale pour la résistance." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10193.
Full textGallet, Jean-Philippe. "Sélection et mode d'action de Trichoderma et de Basidiomycètes lignivores, antagonistes de l'Armillaire (Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn. ) Herink) en vue de leur utilisation comme agents de lutte biologique contre le pourridie du pin maritime." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28322.
Full textAmillaria exerts a powerful, pathogenic action against the maritime pine. Among control methods sudied, biological control seems to be appropriate for use in the forest massif of Gascony. This is the subject of the author's study. The antagonistic action of isolates of T. Harzianum on Amillaria were evaluated. The isolates demonstrating a certain efficaciousness in vitro and in situ provide only temporary protection of young pines in the contex of controlled inoculation in the nursery. The search for fungi of the order Basidiomycetes being wood-degrading and antogonistic was understaken on a forest-wide scale. Intensive collection allowed for obtaining diverse isolates. Among these the white not fungi which demonstrated considerable wood-degrading action were singled out. A method for quantifying antagonistic action in vitro was perfected then applied to the group of isolates previously selected. For the most efficacious among these, a study of their individual antagonistic action in semi-natural conditions was carried out. Four basidiomycetes Bjerkandera adusta, Gymnopilus spectabilis, Hygropsis aurantiaca and Hypholoma fasciculare are able to colonize wood rapidly under non sterile conditions. Additionally, they are capable of eliminating the amillaria inoculum present in the root. The various phenomena present in antagonistic and wood-degrading action were identified. The production of enzymes and of toxins was revealed when amillaria and the different basidiomycetes were paired in a liquid medium. The mycoparasitic action of certain isolates on the root not fungus was demonstrated. The study of enzymatic action inherent in the degradation of the wood was carried out. For B. Adusta ; G. Spectabilis, H. Fasciculare and H. Aurantiaca the lignolytic systems are lire efficacious than these of amillaria. The root bot fungus is characterized by a greater pectinase action than that of the other fungi
Trujillo-Romero, Felipe De Jesus. "Modélisation et reconnaissance active d'objets 3D de forme libre par vision en robotique." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842693.
Full textTrap, Marie-Veronique. "Contrôle épigénétique du risque de montaison chez une plante de grande culture : la betterave sucrière : mise au point d'une stratégie de caractérisation d'épiallèles associés à la sensibilité à la montaison en vue de l'élaboration d'un test de sélection." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586268.
Full textGentil, Marie-Véronique. "Contrôle épigénétique du risque de montaison chez une plante de grande culture : la betterave sucrière : mise au point d'une stratégie de caractérisation d'épiallèles associés à la sensibilité à la montaison en vue de l'élaboration d'un test de sélection." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2005/document.
Full textIn plants, the processes of global development and of developmental plasticity are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Polymorphism in DNA methylation (leading to epialleles) is a possible source of biomarkers for the selection of genotypes of agronomic interest. Until now, however, the search for such biomarkers has not been undertaken. Against this background, our objectives were to develop a strategy to investigate the existence of epigenetic control during a developmental process in sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris altissima) and to search for associated epigenetic biomarkers. The strategy was first applied to three sugar-beet cell lines, where we were able to established a relationship between the level of DNA methylation and the morphogenetic statue of the lines, and thus to identified a number of biomarkers for in vitro morphogenesis. We then applied the same strategy in planta in the same species and demonstrated the existence of epigenetic control (DNA methylation) during vernalization and devernalization in several sugar-beet hybrids that differed for bolting susceptibility. We propose that the scale and kinetics of epigenetic modifications control the induction and the rapidity of bolting, confirming the role of DNA methylation in this process. We have identified a number of target loci for these changes in DNA methylation during vernalization, and by screening these have been able to select several potential epigenetic biomarkers for bolting susceptibility, which may prove useful in future beet improvement programmes
Mami, Imene. "A Declarative Approach to Modeling and Solving the View Selection Problem." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20194/document.
Full textView selection is important in many data-intensive systems e.g., commercial database and data warehousing systems to improve query performance. View selection can be defined as the process of selecting a set of views to be materialized in order to optimize query evaluation. To support this process, different related issues have to be considered. Whenever a data source is changed, the materialized views built on it have to be maintained in order to compute up-to-date query results. Besides the view maintenance issue, each materialized view also requires additional storage space which must be taken into account when deciding which and how many views to materialize.The problem of choosing which views to materialize that speed up incoming queries constrained by an additional storage overhead and/or maintenance costs, is known as the view selection problem. This is one of the most challenging problems in data warehousing and it is known to be a NP-complete problem. In a distributed environment, the view selection problem becomes more challenging. Indeed, it includes another issue which is to decide on which computer nodes the selected views should be materialized. The view selection problem in a distributed context is now additionally constrained by storage space capacities per computer node, maximum global maintenance costs and the communications cost between the computer nodes of the network.In this work, we deal with the view selection problem in a centralized context as well as in a distributed setting. Our goal is to provide a novel and efficient approach in these contexts. For this purpose, we designed a solution using constraint programming which is known to be efficient for the resolution of NP-complete problems and a powerful method for modeling and solving combinatorial optimization problems. The originality of our approach is that it provides a clear separation between formulation and resolution of the problem. Indeed, the view selection problem is modeled as a constraint satisfaction problem in an easy and declarative way. Then, its resolution is performed automatically by the constraint solver. Furthermore, our approach is flexible and extensible, in that it can easily model and handle new constraints and new heuristic search strategies for optimization purpose. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we define a framework that enables to have a better understanding of the problems we address in this thesis. We also analyze the state of the art in materialized view selection to review the existing methods by identifying respective potentials and limits. We then design a solution using constraint programming to address the view selection problem in a centralized context. Our performance experimentation results show that our approach has the ability to provide the best balance between the computing time to be required for finding the materialized views and the gain to be realized in query processing by materializing these views. Our approach will also guarantee to pick the optimal set of materialized views where no time limit is imposed. Finally, we extend our approach to provide a solution to the view selection problem when the latter is studied under multiple resource constraints in a distributed context. Based on our extensive performance evaluation, we show that our approach outperforms the genetic algorithm that has been designed for a distributed setting
Foissotte, Torea. "Modelisation Visuelle d'un Objet Inconnu par un Robot Humanoide Autonome." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800714.
Full textCao, Hongliu. "Forêt aléatoire pour l'apprentissage multi-vues basé sur la dissimilarité : Application à la Radiomique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR073/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis was initiated by a Radiomic learning problem. Radiomics is a medical discipline that aims at the large-scale analysis of data from traditional medical imaging to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main hypothesis of this discipline is that by extracting a large amount of information from the images, we can characterize the specificities of this pathology in a much better way than the human eye. To achieve this, Radiomics data are generally based on several types of images and/or several types of features (from images, clinical, genomic). This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of Machine Learning (ML) and aims to propose a generic solution, adapted to any similar learning problem. To do this, we identify two types of ML problems behind Radiomics: (i) learning from high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) and (ii) multiview learning. The solutions proposed in this manuscript exploit dissimilarity representations obtained using the Random Forest method. The use of dissimilarity representations makes it possible to overcome the well-known difficulties of learning high dimensional data, and to facilitate the joint analysis of the multiple descriptions, i.e. the views.The contributions of this thesis focus on the use of the dissimilarity easurement embedded in the Random Forest method for HDLSS multi-view learning. In particular, we present three main results: (i) the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of this measure for HDLSS multi-view learning; (ii) a new method for measuring dissimilarities from Random Forests, better adapted to this type of learning problem; and (iii) a new way to exploit the heterogeneity of views, using a dynamic combination mechanism. These results have been obtained on radiomic data but also on classical multi-view learning problems
Ben, Abdallah Hamdi. "Inspection d'assemblages aéronautiques par vision 2D/3D en exploitant la maquette numérique et la pose estimée en temps réel Three-dimensional point cloud analysis for automatic inspection of complex aeronautical mechanical assemblies Automatic inspection of aeronautical mechanical assemblies by matching the 3D CAD model and real 2D images." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0001.
Full textThis thesis makes part of a research aimed towards innovative digital tools for the service of what is commonly referred to as Factory of the Future. Our work was conducted in the scope of the joint research laboratory "Inspection 4.0" founded by IMT Mines Albi/ICA and the company DIOTA specialized in the development of numerical tools for Industry 4.0. In the thesis, we were interested in the development of systems exploiting 2D images or (and) 3D point clouds for the automatic inspection of complex aeronautical mechanical assemblies (typically an aircraft engine). The CAD (Computer Aided Design) model of the assembly is at our disposal and our task is to verify that the assembly has been correctly assembled, i.e. that all the elements constituting the assembly are present in the right position and at the right place. The CAD model serves as a reference. We have developed two inspection scenarios that exploit the inspection systems designed and implemented by DIOTA: (1) a scenario based on a tablet equipped with a camera, carried by a human operator for real-time interactive control, (2) a scenario based on a robot equipped with sensors (two cameras and a 3D scanner) for fully automatic control. In both scenarios, a so-called localisation camera provides in real-time the pose between the CAD model and the sensors (which allows to directly link the 3D digital model with the 2D images or the 3D point clouds analysed). We first developed 2D inspection methods, based solely on the analysis of 2D images. Then, for certain types of inspection that could not be performed by using 2D images only (typically requiring the measurement of 3D distances), we developed 3D inspection methods based on the analysis of 3D point clouds. For the 3D inspection of electrical cables, we proposed an original method for segmenting a cable within a point cloud. We have also tackled the problem of automatic selection of best view point, which allows the inspection sensor to be placed in an optimal observation position. The developed methods have been validated on many industrial cases. Some of the inspection algorithms developed during this thesis have been integrated into the DIOTA Inspect© software and are used daily by DIOTA's customers to perform inspections on industrial sites
Hamelin, Geneviève. "Caractérisation de la toxicocinétique de l’octylphénol chez le rat en vue d’une meilleure analyse de risque toxicologique des perturbateurs endocriniens." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2860.
Full textp-tert-Octylphenol is a degradation product of alkylphenol ethoxylates that can be found in the environment. It has been reported to act as a weak estrogenic compound by binding to the estrogen receptor. This study was undertaken to 1) develop a sensitive method for the determination of octylphenol in blood and various tissues using gas chromatography coupled with detection by mass spectrometry, 2) characterize the blood and tissues toxicokinetics of octylphenol in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and 3) develop a physiologically-based toxicokinetic model for octylphenol that can describe/predict unchanged blood and tissues octylphenol concentrations in rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose of octylphenol either by oral gavage, intravenous injection or subcutaneous injection. In a repeated dosing experiment, rats were given octylphenol (oral) daily for 35 days (female) or 60 days (male). Blood and tissue samples were collected at various time following the onset of exposure and analyzed for octylphenol content using a method developed in our laboratory. These results showed that blood and tissues octylphenol concentrations were generally higher in female than male rats. Experiments done with rat liver microsomes confirmed that these differences were related to octylphenol metabolism. The results of the repeated exposure study indicate that there is no bioaccumulation of octylphenol at these exposure levels. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for octylphenol was developed and validated using the data obtained in female and male rats. The model simulates adequately blood and tissues octylphenol concentrations following oral, intravenous or subcutaneous exposure. In conclusion, this study provided essential data on the toxicokinetics of octylphenol. These data are essential to predict the relationship between the internal and the external dose of octylphenol and will facilitate the risk assessment of octylphenol in humans.
Sandekian, Véronique. "Combinaison d’approches classiques et de génétique inverse en vue d'une meilleure compréhension du tropisme et de l'activité oncolytique du réovirus de mammifères." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13039.
Full textde, Bruyn Bertrand. "Etude de la vulnérabilité des eaux aux produits phytosanitaires : indicateur environnemental et modèle mécaniste, en vue d'une meilleure gestion du bassin versant de la Leysse (Savoie)." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006400.
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