Journal articles on the topic 'Selection and european principles'
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1
Brody, Grace. "Implications of the Selection of Islamic Law in European Private International Law." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 43.3 (2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.43.3.implications.
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The English Court of Appeal in Beximco v. Shamil Bank chose to apply only English law in a breach of contract case, even though the choice of law clause in the contract at issue also selected Islamic law. The court cited three main reasons for this decision. First, article 3(1) of the Rome I Convention “contemplates” that a contract can be governed only by the “law of a country,” and there is no mention of the application of a “non-national system of law such as Sharia law.” Second, Islamic law does not consist of “principles of law” but instead a system of principles which “apply to other aspects of life and behaviour.” Third, even if Islamic law was interpreted to include principles of law, there is no consensus among the Islamic legal community as to what they would be when applied to a financial transaction. As this note will demonstrate, none of these arguments should hold weight in a contemporary European Member State court. For one thing, the court’s ruling is not consistent with the implications of the 2008 Rome I Regulation (“the Regulation” or “the Rome I Regulation”), which updates the Rome I Convention (“the Convention” or “the Rome I Convention”), both of which regulate choice of law issues in the European Union (“EU”). Although the Rome I Regulation was passed four years after the Shamil Bank decision, the content and legislative history of the Regulation suggest that it should be understood to support the validity of non-state sources of law like Islamic law. For another, the Shamil Bank decision misconstrued the nature of Islamic law. Islamic law’s approach to financial issues is demonstrably specific enough to enforce, as is evidenced by the fact that international arbitration proceedings have no difficulty enforcing choice of law clauses which select Islamic law. The weaknesses of the court’s arguments are not the only reason that future European Member State courts should not follow the reasoning of the Shamil Bank decision. In a global system that is trending toward prioritizing party autonomy, as evidenced by the Rome I Regulation and The Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Contracts (“the Hague Principles”), European Member State court systems should be more open-minded about enforcing the legal systems that parties choose to rely upon in negotiating and drafting their contracts. This is especially true when the contract at issue selects both state law and non-state law, as was the case in Shamil Bank. If parties choose, as they did in that contract, to apply English law “in the spirit” of Islamic law, it would be disrespectful of their autonomy—and would materially alter the nature of the bargain they have entered into—for the court to choose to apply only English law, as the English Court of Appeal did. This is not to say that courts should be forced to apply parties’ selection of all types of non-state law, only those systems that are demonstrably specific enough to administer, as Islamic law is. This note will contend that even though no European Member State court has dealt with the application of Islamic law directly since the 2004 Shamil Bank decision, to the best of this author’s knowledge, if the issue were to arise again, courts should not follow the reasoning of the Shamil Bank decision.
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Samarin, Oleg, Sabina Paulauskaitė, Kęstutis Valančius, and Kęstutis Čiuprinskas. "Selection of the Climate Parameters for a Building Envelopes and Indoor Climate Systems Design." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1050.
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The current research considers the principles of selection of the climate information needed for the building envelope and indoor climate design and adopted in Russia and some European countries. Special reference has been made to the shortcoming of methodologies that include the notion of a typical year, and the advantages of climate data sets generated via software-based designs, using pseudo-random number generators. The results of the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with various supplies were calculated using the numerical Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as the current climate data. It has been shown that there is a fundamental overlap between the statistical distribution of temperatures of both instances and the possibility of implementation a probabilistic-statistical method principle in the development of certain climate data, relative to envelopes and thermal conditions of a building. The calculated values were combined with the analytic expression of the normal law of random distribution and the correlations needed for the main parameter selection.
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Obrecht, Matevz, Rawan El Haddad, Rowan Abd Elbary, Rebeka Kovačič Lukman, and Maja Rosi. "Promoting Sustainable and Circular Plastics Use in Egipt with Implementation of Ecodesign Principles." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0057.
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AbstractGreen Supply chain, Green Packaging, Eco-labels, and Eco-design strategies are concepts that are discussed frequently within scientific and political debates. Eco-design strategies for Lifecycle Design include the Eco-design Strategy wheel which presents eight Eco-design strategies: New concept development, Selection of low-impact materials, Reduction of materials usage, Optimization of production techniques, Optimization of distribution system, Reduction of impact during use, Optimization of initial lifetime, and Optimization of end-of-life system. This research investigates specifically the selection of low impact raw materials phase using the European Union as a benchmark to improve the Egyptian situation and aims to apply the closed loop cycle to the Egyptian Plastics Industry. Its goal is to enlight the way towards Sustainable and Circular economy system in Plastics manufacturing sector in Egypt while emphasizing the financial benefits from the Business and Marketing perspectives rather than the Environmental perspective only.
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Ohotnykova, Olha Volodymyrivna. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MERITOCRATIC PRINCIPLE IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0005.
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The article analyzed the experience of forming the personnel of the public administration system in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia. The author defined the procedures for selection and formation of a management elite in these countries. The article noted that the main stages of selection and formation of managerial personnel is the passage of the system of examinations on language proficiency and knowledge of legislation. The author stated that in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia there is no legislative regulation of the meritocratic principle as a principle of selection of talented specialists. In addition, the personal qualities of the managerial elite remain to be neglected. Separately, the question of creating a reserve of talented youth is needed, which will allow permanent rotation of staff in the system of public administration, and also create conditions for the development of personnel, depending on their talents and abilities. The author proposes ways to improve the system of examinations and procedures for recruiting.
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Staš, David, Radim Lenort, Pavel Wicher, and David Holman. "Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Green Transport Level in Industrial Companies and Supply Chains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 708 (December 2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.708.87.
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The paper presents a conceptual framework for measurement, monitoring, and evaluation of an industrial company and supply chain Green Transport level. The framework contains five main phases – preliminary analysis, transport system analysis, selection of assessing parameters, taxonomy development, and evaluation. For each phase are defined fundamental principles and recommended tools. The verification of the designed conceptual framework was performed on a real supply chain of the European automotive industry.
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Chizhova, G. M. "Acquiring the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” at the Russian State Art Library." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 6 (June 23, 2022): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2022-6-76-99.
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The author discusses acquiring and developing the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” at the Russian State Art Library. The networked online resources are highly demanded by the users in science, academic and professional sphere, as well as by expert librarians. The stages of database design are specified; defining the subject scope, selection principles and search strategies are defined. The role of recommendations included into European MINERVA project “European MINERVA project «Cultural web-User Interaction” (2008). The criteria for selecting Internet-resources for cataloguing are analyzed; the description formats are evaluated, i. e. the Dublin Core and Russian communication format of machine-readable bibliographic records RUSMARC, with the preference given to the later. The difficulties in describing resources and filling in RUSMARC fields are identified. The general and specific problems of cataloging Internet resources were solved; the principles of constructing bibliographic record of online digital resource “Internet resources in culture and arts” were developed. The significance of regular audit of the information resource, its relevancy and accessibility is emphasized. The examples of queries to the database are provided. The content of the resources included into the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” expands the study field through adding the wider range of document sources.
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de Streel, Alexandre. "The Integration of Competition Law Principles in the New European Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications." World Competition 26, Issue 3 (September 1, 2003): 489–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2003024.
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A new regulatory framework for electronic communications (fixed and mobile telephony, Internet, cable TV, . . .) is due to be applicable in the Member States of the European Union in July 2003. One of the main important aspects of the framework is the regulation of the operators enjoying significant market power, which has now been aligned on competition law principles. This article describes the three steps to be followed by a national regulatory authority to impose obligations upon these operators: selection of markets to be regulated and delineation of their boundaries, determination of the dominant operators on these markets, and choice of the remedies to be imposed. The article then characterises the remaining differences between sectoral law and general competition law. Finally, the article underlines the implicit vision of the new framework: economic sectoral law is a complementary tool—and not a substitute to—competition law, and would only intervene in case of hard-core market power that antitrust would be inefficient to control.
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Fedorova, T. A., A. G. Stolyarova, P. S. Kordyukov, and M. S. Osintseva. "Technological principles of selection of plants and engineering features of gardening of roofs of the european part of Russia." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, no. 5 (2013): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2013-5-105-112.
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Henc, Adriana. "Kanon historiograficzny w literaturoznawstwie polsko-ukraińskim XVIII–XX wieku." Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia 10, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sup.2022.10.1.06.
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The article investigates the theoretical and practical principles of creating a canon in Polish and Ukrainian historical and literary syntheses in the context of European historiographical traditions. The core criteria of selection of historical and literary material are singled out, and taxonomic tendencies in the histories of literature from the 18th–20th centuries are considered. The main aspects of the canonization of texts in Ukrainian and Polish historiographical corpora are clarified, which are primarily reflected in the formal characteristics, criteria for selecting literary texts, the author’s interpretations, conceptual approaches and the methodological basis. The article articulates the main achievements of literary historians of the 18th–20th centuries, as well as comprehensively defining the methodology for creating a holistic and scientifically sound corpus of the history of Ukrainian and Polish literature.
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Korzh, O. M. "The personalized approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2023, no. 1 (February 2023): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2023.01.102.
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The article presents a number of major updates on the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular complications and the principles of preventive intervention based on the materials of the analyzed clinical recommendations. Previous European guidelines focused on risk stratification and prevention of risk factors, whereas the updated European Society of Cardiology document places great emphasis on personalization and stepwise intervention in clinical practice. When developing a prevention strategy, it is recommended to pay attention not only to gender and age indicators, but also to geographic and ethnic factors. A personalized approach to prevention using a cardiovascular risk score and stepwise selection of treatment are more complex than a general prevention strategy, but they reflect the diversity of patients and their characteristics in clinical practice.
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Deksne, Juta, and Lienite Litavniece. "PRINCIPLES OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE FOOD SECTOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Journal of Regional Economic and Social Development 14 (December 20, 2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/jresd2022vol14.6969.
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Since the transition to a circular economy (CE) in various sectors is a priority strategic goal of policy planning in the European Union (EU), the goal of this article is to reveal the principles of the CE in the food sector. To achieve the goal, the study is based on a systematic literature review using the literature synthesis and analysis method and the PRISMA 2020 approach for the selection of appropriate literature. From 25 articles, which were selected from the SCOPUS database, 20 were left for final analysis. Based on the literature review, it was discovered that the main principles of the CE in the food sector are management of resources and waste, emission control, natural and production resource sustainability, increase in energy efficiency, reduction and prevention of food waste, recycling and reuse of food waste and public involvement in the transition to the CE. The determination of CE principles in the food sector is the basis for choosing goals and a right strategy for the implementation of CE principles in practice in this area
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David, Petr. "Principles of taxation of road motor vehicles and their possibilities of application." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 2 (2012): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020483.
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The article deals with the taxation of ownership and operation of road vehicles in the Czech Republic. The result of study is the formulation of principles and functions that taxation of road vehicles should meet, including the subsequent evaluation of the feasibility of the optimal structure of the proposed tax. The text identifies many requirements for taxes and tax system, and also functions which have to be fulfilled. These findings are applied to the taxation of road motor vehicles. We find out, during use of standard general methods of scientific work, that taxation of road motor vehicles must provide primarily a fiscal function of a tax in sense of selection of means for the renewal of environmental and other damage caused by operation of road motor vehicles. It is not suitable to prefer other principles primarily in terms of redistribution, stabilization, and other requirements during taxation of operation or ownership of road vehicle. It should also be noted that the model of the proposed tax includes several aspects that do not allow its implementation in optimal form. Nevertheless, it is appropriate to consider the introduction of at least the best possible alternative of constructed model of taxation of road motor vehicles in the Czech Republic. Beside objective theoretical reasons for the change of taxation of road vehicles, it is necessary to take account of efforts made by the institutions of the European Union within the meaning of environmental taxation of road vehicles in the European Union.
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Decker, Frank. "Das Scheitern des Spitzenkandidatensystems und andere populäre Irrtümer über die Demokratisierung der Europäischen Union." Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 50, no. 4 (2019): 870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2019-4-870.
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After the 2019 European election, national political actors and party officials in both the European Parliament as well as in the Council once again clashed over the selection of the Commission’s President, a controversy that also received widespread public attention . Disagreements centered on the so-called Spitzenkandidaten - top candidate - system that - contrary to its premiere in 2014 - failed to be implemented . The manner in which this system functions is frequently misunderstood by both political actors and observers . One example is that the appointment process is interpreted through the lens of parliamentary democracy, another is that the overrepresentation of smaller member states within the European Parliament is depicted as a serious violation of democratic principles . Potential starting points for a thorough democratization of the EU, such as the direct election of the Commission President, a common electoral system with joint European parties, and a greater say by voters and the President of the Commission regarding the appointment of commissioners are also discussed . [ZParl, vol . 50 (2019), no . 4, pp . 870 - 879]
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Hix, Simon. "Electoral Institutions and Legislative Behavior: Explaining Voting Defection in the European Parliament." World Politics 56, no. 2 (January 2004): 194–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0012.
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Despite a sophisticated understanding of the impact of electoral institutions on macrolevel political behavior, little is known about the relationship between these institutions and microlevel legislative behavior. This article reviews existing claims about this relationship and develops a model for predicting how electoral institutions affect the relationship between parliamentarians and their party principals in the context of the European Parliament. The European Parliament is an ideal laboratory for investigating these effects, because in each European Union member state, different institutions are used to elect Members of European Parliament (MEPs). The results of this model, tested on four hundred thousand individual MEP vote decisions, show that candidate-centered electoral systems (such as open-list proportional representation or single-transferable-vote systems) and decentralized candidate-selection rules produce parliamentarians independent from their party principals. By contrast, party-centered electoral systems (such as closed-list proportional representation systems) and centralized candidate-selection rules produce parliamentarians beholden to the parties that fight elections and choose candidates: in the case of the European Parliament, the national parties.
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Tsurkan, Oleksiy. "SELECTION FOR POLICE OFFICERS DUTY: THE QUESTION OF THE DEFINITIONS." Law Journal of Donbass 75, no. 2 (2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-75-2-45-51.
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The level of trust of police service depends on objectively transparent and unprejudiced requirements. That’s why we agree with necessity of using of the European approach in conducting «selection» for the duty in the National Police of Ukraine. It is because the main aim of creating a fundamentally new structure of the modern police of Ukraine starts directly with the selection for the service and be in accordance with European terms. The one of the most approaches of translation of legal terminology is the using of a system of law terms. There is mention in the jurisprudence that very necessary to achieve unambiguity of each term in the law texts and legislation. It is striving for the minimum required number of terms, but with the losing of those nuances that are necessary for public administration practice. The article focuses on the differences of the translation definitions of word «selection» that used in Ukrainian law texts and researches. Some researchers revealing the process of «selection» of personnel through the principles of systemic character as a procedure of differentiation staff according to their compliance with a certain type of activity and making the decision on the suitability or unsuitability of candidates. The author determinate etymological origin of the concepts «selection» in Ukrainian and differentiate the using of their translation. The research papers make a suggestion to putting forward changes in legal acts with the propose of remove the inaccuracy in the interpretation concepts. The system of «selection» of the staff of the civil service of Ukraine includes: defining the requirements for applicants for specific vacancy positions of the civil service; review and evaluation of internal and external sources of attraction of candidates, placement of ads on a set; competitive selection; acceptance for positions outside the competition (according to another procedure provided by the current legislation: the transfer system; appointment to the post; selection system; by contract); formation of personnel reserve; internship; assessment of frames. The notion of «selection» has a more meaningful and widespread value, indicating the need for its use in the legislation.
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Bueno, Héctor, Pieter de Graeff, Isabelle Richard-Lordereau, Joseph Emmerich, Keith AA Fox, Carola P. Friedman, Christophe Gaudin, et al. "Report of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table regulatory workshop update of the evaluation of new agents for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome: Executive summary." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 8, no. 8 (June 29, 2016): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872616649859.
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Regulatory authorities interpret the results of randomized controlled trials according to published principles. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is planning a revision of the 2000 and 2003 guidance documents on clinical investigation of new medicinal products for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to achieve consistency with current knowledge in the field. This manuscript summarizes the key output from a collaborative workshop, organized by the Cardiovascular Round Table and the European Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology, involving clinicians, academic researchers, trialists, European and US regulators, and pharmaceutical industry researchers. Specific questions in four key areas were selected as priorities for changes in regulatory guidance: patient selection, endpoints, methodologic issues and issues related to the research for novel agents. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) should be studied separately for therapies aimed at the specific pathophysiology of either condition, particularly for treatment of the acute phase, but can be studied together for other treatments, especially long-term therapy. Unstable angina patients should be excluded from acute phase ACS trials. In general, cardiovascular death and reinfarction are recommended for primary efficacy endpoints; other endpoints may be considered if specifically relevant for the therapy under study. New agents or interventions should be tested against a background of evidence-based therapy with expanded follow-up for safety assessment. In conclusion, new guidance documents for randomized controlled trials in ACS should consider changes regarding patient and endpoint selection and definitions, and trial designs. Specific requirements for the evaluation of novel pharmacological therapies need further clarification.
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Cherepkov, S., V. Dulya, and V. Maliavskyi. "Procedures for Assessing the Conformity of Measuring Instruments — Structure, Design Principles and Approaches to Their Choice." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.56-61.
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Since January 01, 2016, new legislation in the field of metrology came in force in Ukraine. There have been significant changes in the regulation of metrological activity in accordance with the new Law of Ukraine “On Metrology and Metrological Activity”, which is harmonized with European legislation, in the country. Thus, the new Law lacks such forms of metrological control as state acceptance tests and state control tests, as well as state metrological certification of measuring instruments. Instead of these types of metrological control the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements has been implemented. Therefore, this article considers new approaches of the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments according to established requirements and is a logical continuation of an article published in Metrology and Instruments journal (1 (69), 2018), which considered the basics of development and operating the conformity assessment system of measuring instruments. This article considers some issues related to conformity assessment procedures. Criteria for the selection of modules for the conformity assessment procedure and their description are defined. The existing approaches for selection of conformity assessment procedures of measuring instruments and the cooperation of manufacturers (suppliers) of measuring instruments with designated conformity assessment bodies on the market are given. The article offers practical interest for manufacturers of measuring instruments for the legal regulated sphere.
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de Stefano, Maria Chiara, Benedetta Mazzanti, Francesca Vespasiano, Letizia Lombardini, and Massimo Cardillo. "The Regulatory Approach for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation as Treatment for Clostridioides difficile Infection in Italy." Antibiotics 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040480.
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Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is regarded as an efficacious treatment for recurrent C. difficile infection. Unfortunately, widespread patient access is hindered by regulatory hurdles, which are the primary barriers to incorporating FMT into clinical practice. At the European and International level, there is no uniform perspective on FMT classification, and a coordinated effort is desirable to solve this regulatory puzzle. In this communication, we report the regulatory principles and the implementation approach for FMT application in Italy. Our experience suggests that the EU Tissue and Cell Directives are suited to ensure safe and efficient FMT for C. difficile management, especially through extensive high-quality donor selection and full traceability maintenance.
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OKRASA, ANNA, PIOTR CZYŻOWSKI, SŁAWOMIR BEEGER, and MIROSŁAW KARPIŃSKI. "Visual inspection of carcasses to assess the individual condition of European roe deer Capreolus capreolus." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 78, no. 5 (2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6647.
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The aim of the study was to demonstrate correlation between selected body condition indices of roe deer Capreolus capreolus (KFI, carcass weight) and the health status of the carcass (i.e. pathological changes found through external and internal examination of the carcass) of deer killed by hunting or road traffic. The study material consisted of 34 carcasses of roe deer found dead due to road collisions or obtained through hunting in accordance with the Principles of Individual and Population Selection of Game Animals in Poland. The results showed a significant correlation between the occurrence of disease signs (especially the presence of parasites) and the mean values of indices describing the individual condition of animals (carcass weight, KFI). This confirms that the preliminary examination of game harvested and animals killed by road collisions plays an important role in inhibiting the spread of epizootic diseases and in assessing the individual condition of animals.
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Botham, Philip A. "ECVAM, ECETOC and the EU Chemicals Policy." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (December 2002): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s28.
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ECVAM's initiatives in validation have received significant support from the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC), especially through the provision of reference chemical data banks, which contain peer-reviewed, high-quality in vivo data on commercially available chemical substances. Chemicals have been selected from these ECETOC data banks for validation studies on alternative methods for skin corrosion and irritation and for eye irritation and, in addition, an ECETOC task force peer-reviewed the selection and classification, on the basis of in vivo data, of chemicals used in the validation of three alternative methods for developmental toxicity. More recently, ECVAM and ECETOC have been pursuing parallel initiatives on the proposed new EU chemicals policy, with the common goals of ensuring that industry and European Commission resources are used to investigate only those chemicals that pose a significant risk to human health and the environment, and that the Policy requires that any testing that is necessary follows the Three Rs principles of reduction, refinement and replacement.
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Szirmák, Zsófia, and Boele De Raad. "Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080203.
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This study reports on the application of the principles of the lexical approach to a non‐Indo‐European language, namely Hungarian. This language is a Uralic island surrounded on all sides by Indo‐European languages. In addition, the Hungarians are, in terms of cultural features, Europeans. These conditions provide a great opportunity for a crucial test case of the lexical approach to personality. Study 1 reports on the different phases of the selection of the trait terms from the Hungarian lexicon, a categorization into kinds of personality‐relevant terms, a comparison of the category findings with those of other languages, and on indices of relevance of the personality terms. Of the total number of 8738 personality‐relevant terms, 3914 adjectives were used for Study 2. In that study, personality descriptiveness ratings were obtained from a group of judges (N = 5). On the basis of these ratings, a manageable set of 624 adjectives was selected for a rating task. Four hundred subjects provided self‐ratings on the 624 adjectives. On the basis of the means and standard deviations of the ratings, the set of 624 was further reduced to 561 adjectives. On ipsatized data, principal components analyses were performed. Both a four‐factor solution and a five‐factor solution, which were Varimax‐rotated, are presented. The correspondence of these factors to the traditional Big Five factors is discussed.
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Almeida, Ana G., John-Paul Carpenter, Matteo Cameli, Erwan Donal, Marc R. Dweck, Frank A. Flachskampf, Alicia M. Maceira, et al. "Multimodality imaging of myocardial viability: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 22, no. 8 (June 7, 2021): e97-e125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeab053.
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Abstract In clinical decision making, myocardial viability is defined as myocardium in acute or chronic coronary artery disease and other conditions with contractile dysfunction but maintained metabolic and electrical function, having the potential to improve dysfunction upon revascularization or other therapy. Several pathophysiological conditions may coexist to explain this phenomenon. Cardiac imaging may allow identification of myocardial viability through different principles, with the purpose of prediction of therapeutic response and selection for treatment. This expert consensus document reviews current insight into the underlying pathophysiology and available methods for assessing viability. In particular the document reviews contemporary viability imaging techniques, including stress echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and computed tomography and provides clinical recommendations for how to standardize these methods in terms of acquisition and interpretation. Finally, it presents clinical scenarios where viability assessment is clinically useful.
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Polibin, R. V., A. Ya Mindlina, A. A. Gerasimov, and N. I. Briko. "Comparative Analysis of Mortality from Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation and Some European Countries." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 16, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2017-16-3-4-10.
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The purpose. To conduct comparative evaluation of mortality from infectious diseases and medical care quality in Russia and some European countries in different age groups. Materials and methods. Selection of mortality data was performed from various Russian and foreign databases. Ranking of countries according to mortality rates was done with a quartiles calculation method. For evaluating the adherence to preventive measures surveys of different population groups, to assess adherence to the principles of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine was conducted a continuous survey of doctors, one branch of the municipal polyclinic of Moscow. The results and discussion. It is shown that the situation in the Russian Federation as a whole can be assessed as disadvantaged in mortality from infectious diseases in all age groups. Conclusions. A reduction in mortality among children as well as working-age population requires a comprehensive approach that should include both of improvement of quality of care and the formation of commitment to preventive measures.
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Bausys, Cavallaro, and Semenas. "Application of Sustainability Principles for Harsh Environment Exploration by Autonomous Robot." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092518.
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Currently, the European Union (EU) is focusing on a large-scale campaign dedicated to developing a competitive circular economy and expanding the single digital market. One of the main goals of this campaign is the implementation of the sustainability principles in the development and deployment cycle of the new generation technologies. This paper focuses on the fast-growing field of autonomous mobile robots and the harsh environment exploration problem. Currently, most state-of-the-art navigation methods are utilising the idea of evaluating candidate observation locations by combining different task-related criteria. However, these map building solutions are often designed for operating in near-perfect environments, neglecting such factors as the danger to the robot. In this paper, a new strategy that aims to address the safety and re-usability of the autonomous mobile agent by implementing the economic sustainability principles is proposed. A novel multi-criteria decision-making method of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment—Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets, namely WASPAS-SVNS, and the weight selection method of Step-Wise Weights Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) are applied to model a dynamic decision-making system. The experimental evaluation of the proposed strategy shows that increased survivability of the autonomous agent can be observed. Compared to the greedy baseline strategy, the proposed method forms the movement path which orients the autonomous agent away from dangerous obstacles.
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Basedow, Jürgen. "Freedom of Contract in the European Union." European Review of Private Law 16, Issue 6 (December 1, 2008): 901–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2008069.
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Abstract: Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle of European private law. It is also implicitly recognized as a general principle of European Community Law. An open market economy with free competition, which the Treaty aims to implement (see Article 4 I), can only be achieved if contractual freedom in connection with a system ensuring effective competition within the internal market is guaranteed. However, the acknowledgement of contractual freedom as a general principle of Community Law stands in notable contrast to the European legislation on contract law. This legislation may be characterized by its fragmentation into numerous legal instruments which address issues of contract law by a great number of mandatory provisions in a rather selective and isolated manner. Even more problematic are the intrusions into the freedom of contract embodied in the various anti–discrimination directives, which go far beyond the traditional field of labour relations and directly impair the freedom of unhindered selection of a contractual partner in general business life. This conflict between the anti–discrimination provisions and the market economy principle may become even more apparent when the Charter of Fundamental Rights comes into force. Anchored within the Charter are not only several aspects of the freedom of contract, but also an extensive anti–discrimination provision. Directly applied in private law, it might endanger the market economy as the foundation of the European Union. Résumé: La liberté de contracter constitue le principe fondamental du droit privé européen. Il y a bien longtemps qu’elle est également reconnue comme un des principes généraux du droit de l’Union européenne. Une économie de marché ouverte gouvernée par la libre concurrence qui est envisagée par l’Art. 4 I CE ne peut être mise en place qu’en lien avec la liberté de contracter et la protection effective de la concurrence. Or, la reconnaissance de la liberté de contracter comme un principe général du droit de L’Union Europeenne fait clairement contraste à la législation européenne concernant le droit des contrats. Celle–ci est justement caractérisée par sa nature impérative et par sa fragmentation en plusieurs actes de législation successifs, qui ne s’adressent aux problèmes différents que de manière sélective et sans cohérence. Un véritable danger à la liberté de contracter émane des différentes directives anti–discrimination qui, désormais, vont bien au–delà du domaine initial du droit du travail. De cette façon celles– ci empiètent sur la liberté d’accepter ou de refuser un partenaire de contrat dans les relations civiles en général. Ceci rend manifeste un confl it avec les principes d’une économie de marché ouverte qui pourrait être considérablement accentué après que la Charte des droits fondamentaux sera mise en vigueur. Bien que celle–ci protège quelques aspects de la liberté de contracter, son Art. 21 pourrait se prêter à une interprétation dans le sens d’une stipulation anti–discriminatoire globale, qui, si appliquée directement aux rapports juridiques privés, menacerait le principe d’une économie ouverte fi gurant à la base de l’Union Européenne
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Turenne, Sophie. "Institutional constraints and collegiality at the Court of Justice of the European Union." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 24, no. 4 (August 2017): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x17723813.
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This article examines how judicial selection, appointment and renewal processes deeply constrain and influence the decision-making processes at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The short tenure period combined with the permanent triennial renewal of sitting judges are a source of instability at the CJEU and the discretion left to Member States for renewal is a concern for judicial independence. Besides, even if Member States were to concur on the core requirements of judicial merit, they may disagree on what judicial merit means in the context of the CJEU. Against this institutional background, collegiality, as a constitutive value, is a safeguard of independence as much as it facilitates the development of a common discourse within which individual decisions will be made. In this context, the development of legal principles is no worse than can reasonably be expected; the judges display considerable independence within the constraints placed upon the CJEU. However, some judgments may appear to be compromises; more radical reform is needed for those who hanker for clearer and bolder decisions. More ambitious judicial reforms can only succeed with a single, non-renewable term of office, without any triennial renewal of CJEU membership.
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Classen, Albrecht. "Transdisciplinarity—A Bold Way into the Academic Future, from a European Medievalist Perspective and or the Rediscovery of Philology?" Humanities 10, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10030096.
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This essay examines the challenges and opportunities provided by transdisciplinarity from the point of view of medieval literature. This approach is situated within the universal framework of General Education or Liberal Arts, which in turn derives its essential inspiration from medieval and ancient learning. On the one hand, the various recent efforts to work transdisciplinarily are outlined and discussed; on the other, a selection of medieval narratives and one modern German novel plus one eighteenth-century ode are examined to illustrate how a transdisciplinary approach could work productively in order to innovate the principles of the modern university or all academic learning, putting the necessary tools of twenty-first century epistemology into the hands of the new generation. The specific angle pursued here consists of drawing from the world of medieval philosophy and literature as a new launching pad for future endeavors.
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Josimovic, Boško, Marina Ilic, and Ljubisa Bezbradica. "A Methodological Approach to Selecting a Location for a Waste Disposal Terminal for Vessels on the Section of the Pan-European Waterway Corridor VII in the Republic of Serbia." Energy and Environment Research 6, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v6n2p14.
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The section of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway flowing through Serbia is of exceptional international significance, as well as significance to the Republic of Serbia, both in the domains of transport and of environmental protection. In this part of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway, there is development of both passenger and freight traffic without an established system of control and management of solid waste and wastewater from vessels, which directly threatens the environment, as well as the safety of traffic and people. The crews of international and domestic vessels are faced with the problem of disposing of solid waste, waste oil and waste water, due to the lack of adequate waste terminals in this section of waterway corridor VII (The Danube River). For this reason, the construction of a waste terminal is a priority and an unavoidable necessity as a starting point for establishing a sustainable system of managing waste from vessels in the Republic of Serbia. This paper presents a methodological approach for selecting an optimal location for the construction of such a terminal in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia (a case study). The method of multi-criteria evaluation of potential locations was used, as well as the method of evaluating various locations under different scenarios. The specificity of the method used can be seen in the selection of criteria for comparative evaluation of the potential locations, as well as in the evaluation of the potential sites under different scenarios and with weight categories based on the PROMETHEE method. The results presented in this paper make it possible for decision makers to consider different aspects and scenarios when selecting the most appropriate location for the terminal, whilst taking into account the international standards and principles governing this field in the European Union.
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Dordyai, V. "Administrative and legal bases of functioning of the institute of private performers in Ukraine." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 69 (April 15, 2022): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.47.
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During the study, the author considers the administrative and legal principles and factors that contributed to the reform of the penitentiary system in Ukraine, analyzes the types of penitentiary systems operating in European countries, the impact of European experience on reforming domestic legislation and bringing it into line with European Union requirements. compliance with the third Copenhagen and Madrid criteria for membership in the European Union through the adaptation of domestic legislation, the establishment of relevant institutions of the legal system of Ukraine acquis communautaire. The special approach of Ukraine during the reform in terms of uneven, special, inherent in Ukraine distribution of powers between private and public performers is outlined. The research of domestic scientists of the institute of private executors and the system of executive proceedings after the reform as a whole is presented. The efficiency of private performers' activity is determined, as well as problematic issues of full-fledged existence of the institute of private performers in Ukraine. The statistical data operated by international experts, as well as the Association of Private Performers of Ukraine are given. A thorough study of the main factors that hinder the proper development of private performers in today's conditions. Ways to improve the institution of private performers, by continuing to reform, improving the legislation governing the selection and further activities of private performers are proposed.
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Ledgeway, Adam, Norma Schifano, and Giuseppina Silvestri. "Changing alignments in the Greek of southern Italy." Journal of Greek Linguistics 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 5–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02001003.
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Abstract This article investigates a peculiar pattern of subject case-marking in the Greek of southern Italy. Recent fieldwork with native speakers, coupled with the consultation of some written sources, reveals that, alongside prototypical nominative subjects, Italo-Greek also licenses accusative subjects, despite displaying a predominantly nominative-accusative alignment. Far from being random replacements within a highly attrited grammar, the distribution of these accusative subjects obeys specific structural principles, revealing similarities with historical attestations of the so-called “extended accusative” in early Indo-European. On the basis of these data, Italo-Greek is argued to be undergoing a progressive shift towards an active-stative alignment, a claim supported by additional evidence from auxiliary selection, adverb agreement and sentential word order.
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Honta, Andriy, Mariia Hryhorak, and Olena Volovyk. "Taxonomy of Objects for Sustainable Financing for Risk Management System Simulation." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (November 29, 2022): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.22.3.2.
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Introduction. The post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy should be carried out on the principles of sustainable development and include the implementation of "green" technologies in various sectors in order to rationally use available natural resources and reduce the harmful impact on the environment. There are already active discussions carried out among economists and financiers about how the existing financial system will facilitate the transition to a green economy and increase the mobilization of public and private resources for investments in projects on sustainable development. The Ukraine’s European integration aspirations encourage researchers to study the experience of the European Union in creating a unified pan-European system of classification of sustainable economic activities ("EU taxonomy") and adapt them to the national characteristics in order to direct green investments to those activities that are important for achieving the goals of the European Green Deal. The above actualizes the problem of effective use of "sustainable" financing mechanisms in the implementation of programs and projects for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine in the post-war period. The purpose of the article is to adapt the European experience to improve the taxonomy of objects of sustainable financing of reconstruction projects for national economy in the post-war period and to develop methodical approaches to risk management of investment projects of sustainable development using modern mathematical apparatus. Attained results. The principles and ESG-factors of sustainable financing are summarized; the prerequisites for evaluating of sustainable development investment projects are identified using the proposed system of measures, indicators and indices of sustainable development. A structural model of the ESG risks and credit risks interrelationships through the prism of the economic activity of sustainable investment subjects is proposed. The necessity of creating a digital platform for collecting and processing ESG data, based on which it is expedient to evaluate sustainable development investment projects in the system of "region-enterprise-industry" relationships, has been proved. A set of ESG risk assessment methods and models was formed and a decision tree was developed for the selection of sustainable development investment projects, taking into account the taxonomy of sustainable economic activity and regional development priorities in the post-war period using screening and scoring models. Conclusions. The application of the proposed principles, factors, indices and indicators of sustainable development allow to develop a new theoretical and methodological approach to assessing the risks of sustainable financing. The performed analysis of the screening and scoring procedures has justified a conclusion about the need of using the optimization theory for complex socio-ecological and economic systems together with various mathematical methods based on modern digital platforms in order to perform a comparative analysis of projects in the integrated system of "region-enterprise-industry" factors. This approach can justify the selection of attractive projects in terms of their financing that will contribute to the reduction of harmful effects on the environment, as well as to effective risk management during their implementation. Keywords: sustainable finance, taxonomy of sustainable investment objects, ESG-factors, ESG-data, screening and scoring of sustainable development investment projects.
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Perkova, Natalia, and Anna Veselova. "THE POSSIBILITIES OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 21, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol5.3896.
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The course of mathematical analysis is important in the subject preparation of computer science students. The article deals with the issues of improving the level of mathematical competence of students in the study of mathematical analysis using e – learning technology based on the learning environment of the European system of distance learning (Learning Management System-LMS) Moodle. The principles of selection of theoretical and practical content of the electronic course in mathematical analysis are described. The efficiency of the use of the developed training course as an auxiliary didactic tools. The experimental work was attended by students of the 1st course of the direction "Applied Informatics". The article presents some results of the use in the educational process of the electronic course in the process of mastering the discipline "Mathematical analysis".
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Tarnavska, I. "Specificity of the coverage of European integration processes in Ukraine." Communications and Communicative Technologies, no. 19 (May 5, 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/291910.
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The publications of the Ukrainian quality national socio-political newspapers “The Day” and “Dzerkalo Tyzhnya” for the period from 2013 till 2018 are analyzed. The main trends and peculiarities of the coverage of the European Integration Processes in Ukraine are outlined, their thematic areas and methods of the audience attention-focusing techniques are presented in the chronological order. Focusing on the specificity of the reader’s preferences in the analyzed newspapers, considering the peculiarities of the presentation of the material, the author’s preferences, the nuances of the editorial policy of each media, the monitoring of publications has been conducted over the five-year period, being based on the methods of the comparative and quantitative content analysis, which allowed for identification of certain trends and principles of the presentation of topics related to the European Integration processes of Ukraine. Thus, the change in the approaches to information and analytical support of the European Integration Processes depends on the socio-political situation. The fact that the content of the chosen quality media has been selected for the research is indicative hereof. The change in rhetoric, excessive emphasis on certain nuances, the selection of individual facts – all of these print and broadcasting media methods are permanent. The quality resources should avoid the application of such approaches. On the contrary, this study focuses on the significant drawbacks of the current media practice. The obtained results show that there is a further need in deep analysis of the current trends and situation, related to the information and analytical support of the European integration processes in Ukraine and the necessity for further search of the optimal approaches towards this thematic area.
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Dumitriu, Militaru, Deselnicu, Niculescu, and Popescu. "A Perspective Over Modern SMEs: Managing Brand Equity, Growth and Sustainability Through Digital Marketing Tools and Techniques." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072111.
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On their way towards assuring growth and long-term sustainability, many modern small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from the European Union have set building a stronger brand as one of their primary goals. To achieve this, an integrated framework for managing the continuous enhancement of their brand equity level by adopting digital marketing tools and techniques (DMTTs), has increasingly become a necessity for most of the modern SMEs. However, even if such an approach provides plenty of benefits, such as better audience targeting and reduction of traditional marketing expenses, implementing these complex processes in their business models poses a series of challenges like choosing the best selection of DMTTs. For this reason, a conceptual model is proposed in the first part of the paper, with the aim to highlight a framework that will help underline the links between DMTTs and other key elements that can provide an increase in brand equity of SMEs, thus contributing to growth and enhancing the sustainability level. Following the proposed model, research aimed at two main directions has been conducted in the second part. The first direction was to analyze the degree in which modern SMEs from the European Union located in Romania dedicate themselves toward embracing sustainability goals and principles. The second one represents an analysis using also the SPSS software solution on the most used selections of DMTTs mentioned in the presented conceptual model. The results obtained provide a starting point for those modern SMEs that choose to follow the path of sustainability by creating and enhancing their brand equity through DMTTs.
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Kurnitski, Jarek, Martin Thalfeldt, Harry van Weele, Macit Toksoy, Thomas Carlsson, Petra Vladykova Bednarova, and Olli Seppänen. "Evidence based residential ventilation: sizing procedure and system solutions addressed by REHVA Residential Ventilation Task Force." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101016.
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Wider application of heat recovery ventilation in residential buildings brings attention to knowledge and regulatory gaps which call for research and other actions. In many technical questions there is no consensus in national regulations of EU Member States (MS). This applies for instance for air flow rates, i.e. how much ventilation is needed, restrictions of the use of some heat exchangers types, connection of cooker hoods to ventilation system and placement of exhaust air devices. While European standards are well detailed in these aspects for non-residential ventilation, there is very limited information available for residential ventilation systems. Recent European Guidebook REHVA GB No 25 has made an attempt to collect evidence based best practice technical solutions and design principles for residential ventilation. In this paper a recent evidence and common assumptions behind REHVA airflow rate selection procedure is discussed. Best practice solutions and open research questions related to cooker hood connection to heat recovery and compensation to enable balanced operation of ventilation in an airtight building are analyzed. The paper summarizes existing evidence in these questions and defines open research questions for future residential ventilation research agenda.
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Fomina, S. "European experience of applying the criterion of moral qualities of judges of constitutional jurisdiction." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 72 (November 16, 2022): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.18.
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The body of constitutional jurisdiction is endowed with one of the most important tasks of the state - control over compliance with the Basic Law. The article considers a controversial, evaluative criterion for the selection of members of such a body - high moral qualities. The application of such a criterion is considered both on the example of legislative regulation of European states and on the example of practical application and implementation of this criterion.
The article provides specific examples of interpretation of the criterion of high moral values by the subjects of such decisions, the conclusions of the European Court of Human Rights in cases of resolving the compliance of officials with the criterion of high moral qualities. It was found that the criterion of high moral qualities is inextricably linked with the principle of independence and comes from the successful principle of non-individual selection of candidates for such positions.
The article analyzes various doctrinal views on the expediency of normative and legal consolidation of situations that contradict the criterion of high moral qualities, the need to involve the public in the selection of candidates, the formation of a special filtration commission.
Conclusions were made on the need for an individualized approach to the candidate's admission to a position in a body of constitutional jurisdiction, the introduction of detailed reasoning for each decision, both acceptance and rejection of the candidacy, which will help shape national practices to identify situations that contradict the above criterion. It is not superfluous to turn to the international practice of electing members of bodies required to meet high moral qualities such as the ECtHR, the EU Court, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, to pay attention to public opinion, public sentiment, as it directly builds trust between society and the activities of a judicial body of this level of importance.
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Ермаков, Александр, Aleksandr Ermakov, Даниил Черепанов, and Daniil Cherepanov. "Optimizing the placement of camping camping on the criterion of efficiency and safety." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19728.
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The article offers new selection principles of camping sites. Camping-parking for transit car-tourists and camping for tourists have different selection processes, preparation and organization of the site for them. It is important to take into account the maximum combination of attractions in the camping that is created. Geographical location of a site also assumes high level of security of car tourists in a camping. The authors consider requirements for the organization and following of fire safety instructions as the basic rules of security. Complying with the rules adopted for the European campgrounds is important in ensuring fire safety. They take into account a rational organization of the parking accommodation for vehicles (autocampers), tents or small houses, space for barbecue, administrative and other buildings. The authors develop a mathematical model of searching of rational placement camping for tourists, and make proposal for drawing up regulatory instruments that will reduce the threat of fire in camping. The economic efficiency of the proposed organizational and regulatory solutions is provided by reducing of costs and attractiveness increasing of these places of accommodation both for domestic and foreign car tourists.
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Rodiņa, Anita. "Constitutional Court as a guardian of the Latvian legal system." Strani pravni zivot, no. 4 (2021): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-33681.
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In the article, the author explains the foundation and the constitutional regulation of the Latvian Constitutional Court marking its place within the principle of the separation of powers. The appointment of the justices and some novelties along with problems encountered in the justice selection procedure is provided in other chapter of the article. By describing the competence of the Constitutional Court, it is pointed out that it is very narrow as the Constitutional Court adjudicates only cases about conformity of legal enactments with the norms of higher hierarchy. The author analyses also the circle of persons who can stand before the Court. Special emphasis is given to the constitutional complaint - a petition which can be submitted to the Constitutional Court by an individual and which marks also dialogue between the Latvian Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. At the end, the author explains the legal force and real influence of judgments of the Constitutional Court, including rights of the Constitutional Court to determine a point in time when the anticonstitutional regulation becomes null and void. The author concludes that the Constitutional Court not only theoretically, but also in reality ensures a system for the constitutional order and values, as well as principles in the Republic of Latvia.
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Holtfort, Thomas, Andreas Horsch, and Steffen Hundt. "Turn-of-the-month effects in European stock markets before and after the financial crisis – An evolutionary finance perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 15, no. 1 (2017): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1art9.
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The wealth of owners of stock corporations is exposed to various phenomena affecting stock market prices. Of these calendar anomalies, we examine the turn-of-the-month (TOM) effect. Previous literature reveals only mixed results with regard to (changes of) the TOM pattern. Therefore, this paper aims to provide further insights by a comparison of crisis and non-crisis periods, applying an evolutionary finance approach, which is based on computational agent-based modelling. We analyse stock price developments in six European stock markets for the period 2000-2014 with a special focus on the financial crisis. For this purpose, we apply parametric and nonparametric event study techniques and find explanations of this effect, like volatility, trade volume and the business cycle. After testing for external factors, the study takes an alternative perspective based on the evolutionary finance approach, which is based on the biological principles of selection, mutation and dependence and shows the effects of shifted investment capital induced by revised strategies of investors who enter and exit corporate ownership by buying and selling at the stock market.
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Jonsson Cornell, Anna. "The Swedish Riksdag as Scrutiniser of the Principle of Subsidiarity." European Constitutional Law Review 12, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 294–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s157401961600016x.
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Early Warning Mechanism – Principle of Subsidiarity – Lisbon Treaty – Protocol No. 2 on Proportionality and Subsidiarity – A theoretical definition of the Principle of Subsidiarity – The scope of the Principle of Subsidiarity – Scrutiny of the respect for the principle of subsidiarity – The role of national parliaments in the EU legislative procedure – The Swedish Riksdag – national constitutional law – decentralised scrutiny – no selection mechanism – sectoral committees – reasoned opinions – the role of the Plenary – the Committee on the Constitution – method for scrutiny – the principle of proportionality – principle of conferral – legality – European Public Prosecutor’s Office – broad or narrow scrutiny – impact of the Early Warning Mechanism
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Kischkel, Sabine, Andreas Brietzke, Wolfram Schmidt, Thomas Eickner, Niels Grabow, and Claudia Matschegewski. "Application of 3R principles in small animal GLP testing of biomaterials." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0084.
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AbstractOn the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, the EU Parliament adopted Directive 2010/63/EU. The essential factor is the 3R principle: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. In 2013, the third amendment to the German Animal Welfare Act was revised and adapted to the European Directive. The majority of animals in science are used in basic research, as well as in translational and applied research. In medical research, animal experimentation is conducted to clarify previously unknown life processes and basic biological relationships, in order to improve diagnostics and treatment of human diseases. Before an animal experiment can be performed, it must be reported to and approved by the responsible authorities. The planned research project must be justified scientifically, and it must be demonstrated that the personnel and spatial/ technical prerequisites are in place to successfully complete the project. If all conditions are met, the approval can be granted, but may be subject to conditions. The guiding principle of essentiality also affects the procedure of the experiments: The number of animals used and the pain, suffering and damage caused to these animals must be limited to what is absolutely necessary. In this context, the 3R principle has to be applied. To obtain reliable results, it is essential that the laboratory animals are in normal physiological conditions and free of pain and fear. Scientific interest and animal welfare are therefore not in opposition, but rather mutually dependent. In our GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) laboratory we test new drug release systems for different biomedical applications in rabbits after careful selection of the animal model. Stress during animal experiments must be avoided as far as possible. Providing pain-killers and ensuring the best possible husbandry and care conditions are crucial for the animal’s wellbeing and absence of pain and anxiety. In the present work we report our different experience in a GLPcertified biomaterial test laboratory.
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Natalia Olijnyk and Iryna Krylova. "SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM MODEL OF MANAGEMENT IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE OF UKRAINE." Science Review, no. 5(22) (June 30, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30062019/6543.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of European models of water supply and wastewater management and their implementation in Ukraine. The authors review the classical models of EU water supply and water dsposal management: English, French and German, their historical and political roots, the theoretical basis. In parallel, the authors analyze the state policy in the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine, the principles of its formation and features, the current state of the sphere of water supply and wastewater, organizational and legal forms of water supply and wastewater enterprises. The article analyzes the current state of realization of public- private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater with indication of existing contracts and contracts that have become invalid. It is proved that the difference between the water supply and wastewater companies of different management models in Ukraine is not marked, as the general state of the water supply and wastewater sector shows the existence of common problems characteristic of all enterprises. In particular, the ineffectiveness of tariff policies, depreciation of fixed assets, low quality of services, difficult financial condition, inadequate investment, etc. The authors discuss the possibilities of adaptation of classical management models in Ukraine and possible consequences. The article defines the institutional problems of the state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of water supply and wastewater, which influence the efficiency of the implementation and functioning of any model of management and regulation.
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Tavakkol, Ehsan. "STRUCTURE AND FORM BUILDING IN THE DOUBLE CONCERTO „SEGÂH” FOR PERSIAN NEY, KAMANCHEH AND ORCHESTRA BY REZA VALI." Музикознавча думка Дніпропетровщини, no. 19 (December 30, 2020): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/222047.
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The purpose of this represented scientific article is to reveal the specialized peculiarities of the structure and the form concerning the process of formation in the double Concerto for Persian Ney, kamancheh, and the orchestra „Segâh” by famous contemporary composer Reza Vali. There are research methods into the submitted investigative work a namely compositional and dramatic, contributing to the understanding of the laws of the organization of the selected Concert; analysis and synthesis, which help to dismember and generalize certain, most characteristic features of the structure and shape. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the specifics of the manifestation of new approaches to the interpretation of the form of orchestral composition. Conclusions of the represented scientific work. In the Double Concerto for Persian ney, kemancheh and the orchestra by composer R. Vali found his own approach to interpreting the compositional structure of the cycle, as well as the form of individual parts, which is due to the recreation of a certain range of images dictated by the chosen program. The features of the structure and principles of forming parts into the concert by R. Vali are manifested in the following. In the selection of 2-part composition, where there is a tendency to compress the cycle; in the direction towards combining parts into a single macrocycle; in a combination of features of traditional genre forms of European music (baroque cycles, classical and romantic concerts) and contemporary concerts; in using the principles of shaping characteristic of ancient Iranian music a namely the mosaic form (in part I) and the nobat-murattab form (in part II) inside the parts; in the implementation of the synthesis of European and Iranian national traditions at the level of the compositional structure of the cycle and the form of parts.
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Lenta, M. "On the recovery of an ancient text: Principles of editing, The diaries of Lady Anne Barnard." Literator 18, no. 1 (April 30, 1997): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v18i1.528.
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The unrevised and handwritten Cape diaries of Lady Anne Barnard for the years 1799 and 1800 have recently been transcribed and are now in the process of being edited. Since they are very long, and would be expensive to publish in their entirely, the question has arisen for their editors what principles of selection and emphasis should be followed in the editorial process. The diaries are private documents, intended to be read by no one but the author herself, and they are frequently non-standard in punctuation, spelling and even at times in syntax. The editors therefore face other issues, concerning their right to correct or standardise the text, which as it stands, is an illustration of the practice of a highly intelligent and experienced woman with almost no formal education - a woman who in many respects is representative of her time and class. The different kinds of interest present within the text - Cape and European history, the history of women, of slaves and of colonialism, as well as of the indigenous peoples of the Cape hinterland, may well represent alternative focuses between which the editors, in an abbreviated text, must choose, since the final decision concerning publication is likely to be an economic one. Finally the editors’ recommendations are likely to be based on the degree of interest possessed by the text in its component parts - are all its subjects equally interesting to the envisaged reader, the amateur of history of the present day?
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Yashchuk, Serhii, Olha Shapran, Lesia Martirosian, Tetiana Petukhova, Inna Artemieva, and Yuliya Kolisnyk-Humenyuk. "Pedagogical Design of the Content of Professional Training of Teachers of General Technical Disciplines and Methods of Teaching Technology." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 12, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.1/183.
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Professional training of masters in higher education institutions, its effectiveness is largely determined by the level of pedagogical design of the training content of future teachers of general technical disciplines and teaching methods of technology, since it is the content that is designed to ensure the formation of a personality that has not only a system of special knowledge and professional actions, but also differs in formation professionally important competencies, the appropriate level of qualifications, taking into account world and European quality standards while maintaining national achievements and priorities, as well as capable of fruitful teaching activities in modern conditions. According to the results of the study it can be stated: when designing the content of training masters of technological education it is necessary to take into account the general principles of building the content of education and the principles of updating the content of training to the requirements of time; designing the content component of integrated modules of psychological-pedagogical and special-subject training involves determining their goals and objectives, selection of innovative content for each topic of the content module, selection of forms, methods and technologies of its implementation, determination of evaluation criteria and system of diagnostics of success of undergraduates; the content component of professional training of masters of technological education must contain knowledge and experience of innovative psychological-pedagogical and technical-technological activity of a teacher in the system of higher educational institution; the effectiveness of the content of professional training of future teachers of general technical disciplines and methods of teaching technology is determined by the effectiveness of professional activity, which can be characterized as the formation of professional and pedagogical competence, ability to professional and pedagogical self-development and self-improvement.
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Bovis, Christopher. "Public procurement in the EU: Jurisprudence and conceptual directions." Common Market Law Review 49, Issue 1 (February 1, 2012): 247–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2012008.
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The present article reviews the emerging conceptual themes from the case law of the European Court of Justice which have triggered the revision of the public procurement Directives, and the alignment of the public procurement acquis with the Europe 2020 Growth Strategy. The Court's jurisprudence has instrumentally influenced the interpretation of public procurement legal concepts such as contracting authorities, the remit of selection and qualification criteria, the parameters for contracting authorities to use environmental and social considerations as award criteria and the principles which underpin the remedies in the award of public contracts. However, the exhaustive harmonization which is inherent in the public procurement directives has caused significant porosity and limitations in the effectiveness of the public procurement acquis. Service concessions, contracts awarded by a contracting authority to another contracting authority on the basis of exclusive rights, public-public partnerships and in-house contractual relations, and contracts which fall below the stipulated value thresholds all reflect upon the forthcoming reforms of the public procurement regime.
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Lezgovko, Aleksandra. "Theoretical Aspects And Development Of The Mechanism For Risk Management In Small- And Medium-Sized Business." Economics and Culture 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2016-0013.
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Abstract Modern scientific research in the field of risk management is mainly devoted to general questions of the market theory of risk management, including qualitative risk analysis, protection of the rights of property owners and the study of the problems of selection of the best strategies for profitable market investments. The development of risk management mechanisms for small- and medium-sized businesses in Lithuania compared to other European markets is happening too slowly. The situation is aggravated by unstable situation of the field itself, corrupted officials and the lack of advanced control strategies for internal and external risk management in organisations. All these factors confirm the need to develop new management tools in the field of risk management at such enterprises. The aim of this article is to develop the mechanism of risk management of small and medium-sized businesses and justify it scientifically. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of objectivity using methods of comparative, logical, mathematical statistics and system-structural analysis.
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Ugartemendía Eceizabarrena, Juan Ignacio, and Joxerramon Bengoetxea Caballero. "Breves apuntes sobre las sentencias básicas del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea = Notes about Key Judgments of the European Court of Justice." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional 1, no. 33 (January 1, 2014): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.33.2014.13022.
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Este trabajo pretende recoger, de una forma simple y sencilla, una relación muy brevemente comentada de (algunas) de las sentencias (más) básicas que ha dictado el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. La perspectiva de análisis que se ha hecho primar a la hora de enfocar la selección jurisprudencial ha sido más bien una perspectiva institucionalista y constitucionalista, aunque también se han incorporado algunas de las sentencias capitales desde el punto de vista del Derecho sustantivo. Dadas las rigurosas limitaciones de espacio, en la mayor parte de los asuntos nos hemos abstraído, en la medida que ello ha sido posible, de los hechos del caso, ciñéndonos a «apuntar» el contenido jurisprudencial que ha convertido a estas resoluciones jurisprudenciales en auténticos leading cases del Derecho de la Unión. Por lo demás, se ha añadido, en cada caso, un breve comentario acerca de la posterior evolución o desarrollo de que ha sido objeto cada hito jurisprudencial.This article provides a list of some of the key and most fundamental judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU, presenting and introducing them in a clear and simple manner. The selection favours an institutional and constitutional approach to the jurisprudence of the Court, but some of the most important substantive judgments have also been included. Given limitations of space and length the presentation and comments on the judgments have not delved into the detailed facts of the cases, opting rather for the presentation of the ratio and the legal principles following from the judgments and showing how these have become «leading cases» of Union law, sometimes even gibing way to secondary legislation. The latter evolution and impact of these leading cases is also incorporated into each of them, considering them to be true jurisprudential benchmarks.
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Wolski, Dominik. "The Principle of Liability in Private Antitrust Enforcement in Selected European States in Light of the Implementation of the Damages Directive into the Polish Legal System." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 9, no. 14 (2016): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2016.9.14.3.
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In the vast majority of European countries, private antitrust enforcement falls under general rules of civil law. One of the issues to be discussed in relation to this type of litigation is the principle of liability, which exists in the given legal system, and its presumed impact on private enforcement. This problem has been debated in the course of the implementation works on the Damages Directive into the Polish legal system. A discussion on the principle of liability has taken place at least twice in this context. First, the issue was considered by the Civil Law Codification Commission and expressed in its Assumptions behind the Draft Act on complaints for damages caused by the breach of competition law. Subsequently, the principle of liability was assessed again at the reconciliation conference held at the Ministry of Justice. This is but a part of a broader discussion about the relationship between the rule of liability existing in national laws being applied to private enforcement cases and EU law as well as limitations arising from the latter. After outlining this interplay, the paper will briefly introduce solutions adopted with respect to the principle of liability in the context of private enforcement in selected European countries. The selection is not random, despite the fact that a limited number of countries has been analysed – eight including Poland. These include the most advanced EU Member States when it comes to private antitrust enforcement (such as the UK, Germany or the Netherlands), along with less developed examples (such as Italy or France), and even underdeveloped countries when it comes to the number and popularity of private antitrust litigations (such as Lithuania and Poland). This sort of analysis paints a relatively comprehensive picture of the adopted solutions in relation to the principles of liability governing private enforcement cases in Europe. The same is true for the issue of the burden of proof and presumptions/binding power in civil proceedings of decisions issued by competition authorities. Furthermore, what seemed to be crucial for the drafters of the Damages Directive, this sort of analysis makes it possible to formulate certain conclusions with respect to the relationship between the effectiveness of private enforcement in a given State and the adopted principle of liability. The final conclusions understandably focus on the Polish example, that is, the implementation of the Damages Directive into the Polish legal system.
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STADNYK, VALENTYNA, and OLEKSANDR KASHTALJAN. "SCIENTIFIC AND METHODICAL APPROACHES TO ADMINISTRATION OF INNOVATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 Part 2 (December 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-10.
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The article highlights problematic aspects of functioning of processing industry enterprises of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The need for their technological renewal taking into account the requirements of the “green transition” of the world economy is emphasized. It is argued that this renewal should be based on a combination of resource and value approaches in the theory of economic growth and provide a technological basis for innovative activity of enterprises. A new term “innovative sensitivity of the production and technological systems of the enterprise” is introduced. The author’s definition of this term, which is based on a proactive approach in management theory and forms the technological competitiveness of the enterprise in global markets, is formulated. It is emphasized that instrumentally such sensitivity is provided by technological capabilities of marketing-management, among which the leading place belongs to CRM technology. An algorithm for selecting new technology for the implementation of technological changes in industrial enterprises, adequate to the requirements of the “green transition”, is developed. Logical components and iterations of the algorithm are based on the methodology of resource and value approaches to justification of management decisions and meet the principles of technological competitiveness of the enterprise in global markets. The algorithm identifies areas of formation of a set of criteria of assessment of the level of suitability of new technology for creation of innovation-sensitive production-technological system of an industrial enterprise. The selection algorithm includes an assessment of the overall investment needs for the process of technological renewal of the enterprise (including staff training) and the possibility of their minimization by choosing the optimal organizational form of technology transfer. The main macro-prerequisites for innovative and technological renewal of domestic processing enterprises are also highlighted.