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Kunz, Tanja, and Marek Fuchs. "Dynamic Instructions in Check-All-That-Apply Questions." Social Science Computer Review 37, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439317748890.
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Check-all-that-apply questions are one of the most commonly used question formats in self-administered surveys. They are especially valuable because they allow respondents to select several responses from a list of alternatives that they consider applicable. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of different types of instructions requesting a specific number of responses to a check-all-that-apply question in a web survey. We compared “static” instructions that are always visible together with the question stem, “dynamic” instructions that instantly appear once respondents start answering the question, and “combined” instructions taking advantage of both static and dynamic instructions. Findings showed that in view of respondent compliance with the instruction, the combination of a static and dynamic instruction is most effective. However, findings also revealed that the specific number of responses requested in the instruction has to be taken into account as a decisive factor influencing the response selection process and ultimately data quality.
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Seninde, Denis Richard, and Edgar Chambers. "Comparing the Rate-All-That-Apply and Rate-All-Statements Question Formats across Five Countries." Foods 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040702.
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Rate All That Apply (RATA) is a derivative of the popularly used Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) question format. For RATA, consumers select all terms or statements that apply from a given list and then continue to rate those selected based on how much they apply. With Rate All Statements (RATING), a widely used standard format for testing, consumers are asked to rate all terms or statements according to how much they apply. Little is known of how the RATA and RATING question formats compare in terms of aspects such as attribute discrimination and sample differentiation. An online survey using either a RATA or RATING question format was conducted in five countries (Brazil, China, India, Spain, and the USA). Each respondent was randomly assigned one of the two question formats (n = 200 per country per format). Motivations for eating items that belong to five food groups (starch-rich, protein-rich, dairy, fruits and vegetables, and desserts) were assessed. More “apply” responses were found for all eating motivation constructs within RATING data than RATA data. Additionally, the standard indices showed that RATING discriminated more among motivations than RATA. Further, the RATING question format showed better discrimination ability among samples for all motivation constructs than RATA within all five countries. Generally, mean scores for motivations were higher when RATA was used, suggesting that consumers who might choose low numbers in the RATING method decide not to check the term in RATA. More investigation into the validity of RATA and RATING data is needed before use of either question format over the other can be recommended.
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Purzner, T., J. Purzner, Y. Cho, J. Elias, and M. Scott. "CNSS Chair’s Select Abstract Presentations." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.75.
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Background: The hedgehog pathway (Hh) is an important developmental signaling pathway that is commonly dysregulated in brain tumors, most notably in medulloblastomas. To identify novel therapeutic targets within the Hh pathway, we performed the first quantitative proteome-wide evaluation of phosphorylation events resulting from in vitro SHH administration and occurring throughout Hh-driven cerebellar development in vivo. Methods: Multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry was done using Tandem Mass Tags 10-plex reagents, TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment and HPLC-MS/MS/MS. Results: Motif analysis of 2-fold changing phosphorylation events suggested casein kinase 2 (CK2) was responsible for mediating 45% of all changes in phosphorylation. Epistasis studies revealed that CK2 activity is necessary for hedgehog signaling and affects terminal signaling components, thereby circumventing challenges of emergence of resistance and a priori resistance that are commonly encountered with existing small molecule inhibitors in medulloblastoma. In vivo, mice harboring MB allografts resistant to current therapies showed near-complete cessation of tumor growth in response to a CK2 inhibitor. Conclusion: Our use of developmental phosphoproteomics revealed casein kinase 2 as a key regulator of hedgehog signaling and therapeutic target in medulloblastoma. Our success establishes a foundation for us, and others, to apply a similar approach in different tumor initiating pathways.
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Seninde, Denis Richard, and Edgar Chambers. "A Comparison of the Percentage of “Yes” (Agree) Responses and Importance of Attributes (Constructs) Determined Using Check-All-That-Apply and Check-All-Statements (Yes/No) Question Formats in Five Countries." Foods 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111566.
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Check All That Apply (CATA) has become a popular type of questionnaire response in sensory/consumer research in recent years. However, some authors have pointed out potential problems with the method. An online survey using either a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) or Check-All-Statements (CAS) format for questions was conducted to provide a deeper understanding of the response data using the two question formats. With CATA, respondents select all terms or statements that apply from a given list, while, with CAS, respondents must respond (e.g., yes/no or agree/disagree) to each term or statement to show that it applies or does not apply. Respondents from five countries (Brazil, China, India, Spain, and the USA) were randomly assigned one of the two question formats (N = 200 per country per method). Motivations for eating items that belong to five food groups (starchy, protein, dairy, fruits, and desserts) were assessed. Results showed that CAS had higher percentages of “agree” responses than CATA. Also, the response ratio of CAS and CATA data was different, suggesting that interpretations of the data from each response type would also be different. Respondents in the USA, China, and Spain took longer to complete the CAS questionnaire, while respondents in Brazil and India had similar time durations for the two question formats. Overall, the CATA format was liked slightly more than the CAS format and fewer respondents dropped out of the survey when using the CATA response type. These findings suggest that the CATA format is quick and relatively easy for consumers to complete. However, it provokes fewer “apply” responses, which some psychologists suggest underestimates applicable terms or statements and CATA provides a different interpretation of data than the CAS format that requires consumers to respond to each term or statement. Further, CAS may overestimate the applicable terms. Consumer insights collected using CATA and CAS can lead to different decisions due to differences in data interpretation by researchers (e.g., marketers, nutritionists, product developers, and sensory scientists). More investigation is needed for the CATA and CAS question formats.
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Zhu, Yitan, Thomas Brettin, Yvonne A. Evrard, Fangfang Xia, Alexander Partin, Maulik Shukla, Hyunseung Yoo, James H. Doroshow, and Rick L. Stevens. "Enhanced Co-Expression Extrapolation (COXEN) Gene Selection Method for Building Anti-Cancer Drug Response Prediction Models." Genes 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091070.
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The co-expression extrapolation (COXEN) method has been successfully used in multiple studies to select genes for predicting the response of tumor cells to a specific drug treatment. Here, we enhance the COXEN method to select genes that are predictive of the efficacies of multiple drugs for building general drug response prediction models that are not specific to a particular drug. The enhanced COXEN method first ranks the genes according to their prediction power for each individual drug and then takes a union of top predictive genes of all the drugs, among which the algorithm further selects genes whose co-expression patterns are well preserved between cancer cases for building prediction models. We apply the proposed method on benchmark in vitro drug screening datasets and compare the performance of prediction models built based on the genes selected by the enhanced COXEN method to that of models built on genes selected by the original COXEN method and randomly picked genes. Models built with the enhanced COXEN method always present a statistically significantly improved prediction performance (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Our results demonstrate the enhanced COXEN method can dramatically increase the power of gene expression data for predicting drug response.
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Snyder, Kevin, Steve McKelvey, and William Sutton. "All together now? Exploring sales and marketing integration." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 6, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-08-2013-0027.
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Purpose – Building on prior research in interactions between sales and marketing departments, the purpose of this paper is to investigate departmental alignment among professional hockey teams. By using a single industry sample, the authors are able to identify high and low performers, along with structural antecedents that lead to higher alignment (Rouse and Daellenbach, 1999). Expiring inventory, customer knowledge, and volatile demand enhance the need for alignment and suggest opportunities for innovative mechanisms to share information among departments (Mullin et al., 2007). Design/methodology/approach – Through the usage of Kotler et al.’s (2006) survey instrument, the authors survey NHL Vice Presidents of sales and marketing to assess levels of structural alignment. The authors further explores strategies for alignment through qualitative interviews of select team executives. Findings – The authors find examples of high alignment, achieved through structural elements of proximity, cross-functional tasks, financial incentives, and new technologies. The qualitative interviews provide insight into how organizations attempt to create high levels of alignment. Originality/value – These results help advance the literature by identifying high performers and going inside organizations for the source of a competitive advantage, thus following Rouse and Dallenbach’s (1999) approach for theory development. The authors also contributes by identifying strategies for practitioners to apply as they attempt to design optimal work structures.
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Rose, Steven. "Moving on from old dichotomies: beyond nature-nurture towards a lifeline perspective." British Journal of Psychiatry 178, S40 (April 2001): s3—s7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.40.s3.
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BackgroundGenetics is increasingly being used to explain human behaviours, with growing enthusiasm for what could be termed ‘genetic determinism’, which an ultra-Darwinist approach seeks to apply to all aspects of the human condition.AimsTo consider the validity of the claims concerning the genetics of human behaviour and psychological distress.MethodA critical review of the current assumptions about the relative contributions of genetics and the environment.Results and conclusionsOrganisms are in constant interaction with their environment: that is, organisms select environments just as environments select organisms. Like organisms, environments evolve and are homeodynamic rather than homeostatic; both ‘genome’ and ‘envirome’ are abstractions from this continuous dialectic.
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Vazquez, Angela, and Gregorio Iglesias. "A HOLISTIC METHOD TO SELECT TIDAL STREAM ENERGY HOTSPOTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.management.5.
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Potential areas for tidal stream energy development are conventionally selected on the basis of resource assessments. For all the importance of the resource, there are other elements (technological, economic, spatial, etc.) that must be taken into account in this selection. The objective of the present work is to develop a new methodology to select tidal stream hotspots accounting for all these relevant elements, and to apply it to a case study, showing in the process how the potential for tidal energy development can be fundamentally altered by technological, economic and spatial constraints. The case study is conducted in the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary (UK), one of the regions with the largest tidal resource in the world. First, the most energetic areas are identified by means of a hydrodynamics model, calibrated and validated with field data. Second, the method calculates the energy that can be harnessed in these areas by means of a geospatial Matlab-based program designed ad hoc, and on the basis of the power curve and dimensions of a specific tidal turbine. Third, the spatial distribution of the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) is calculated, and a number of locations are selected as potential tidal sites. The fourth element in the approach is the consideration of restrictions due to overlap with other marine uses, such as shipping. As a result, potential conflict-free areas for tidal stream energy exploitation at an economical cost are identified. Thus, the case study illustrates this holistic approach to selecting tidal stream sites and the importance of elements other than the resource, which – for all its relevance – is shown to not guarantee by itself the potential for tidal stream energy development.
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Rubel, Laurie H., and Betina A. Zolkower. "On Blocks, Stairs, and Beyond: Learning about the Significance of Representations." Mathematics Teacher 101, no. 5 (December 2007): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.101.5.0340.
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The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) recommends that students at all grade levels be provided with instructional programs that enable them to “create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas; select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems; and use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena” (p. 67). This article describes a particular classroom activity used to highlight the significance of mathematical representations.
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Marshall, David D., Kim Iles, and John F. Bell. "Using a large-angle gauge to select trees for measurement in variable plot sampling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-240.
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Variable plot sampling has been widely used for many years. It was recognized, early in its application, that the process of getting stand volume could be divided into two components, counting trees to get basal area per unit area and measuring trees to get volume/basal area ratios (VBARs). It was further recognized that these two components had different amounts of variation and therefore should be sampled at different intensities. The fact that basal area per unit area is almost always more variable than the VBARs of individual trees has led to the widespread practice of counting trees on all plots and subsampling trees for VBAR measurements, typically by measuring all the trees on every third or fourth plot. This article presents an alternative, the "big BAF method," which uses a larger basal-area-factor angle gauge to do a second sweep of each plot to select the trees to be measured for VBAR. This procedure spreads the tree measurements throughout the stand and is thus more statistically efficient. The method is simple to apply, requires no additional computations, and is easy to audit. Two case-study examples are used to demonstrate the method.
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Jiang, Lili, Xiaolin Chang, Runkai Yang, Jelena Mišić, and Vojislav B. Mišić. "Model-Based Comparison of Cloud-Edge Computing Resource Allocation Policies." Computer Journal 63, no. 10 (July 1, 2020): 1564–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa062.
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Abstract The rapid and widespread adoption of internet of things-related services advances the development of the cloud-edge framework, including multiple cloud datacenters (CDCs) and edge micro-datacenters (EDCs). This paper aims to apply analytical modeling techniques to assess the effectiveness of cloud-edge computing resource allocation policies from the perspective of improving the performance of cloud-edge service. We focus on two types of physical device (PD)-allocation policies that define how to select a PD from a CDC/EDC for service provision. The first is randomly selecting a PD, denoted as RandAvail. The other is denoted as SEQ, in which an available idle PD is selected to serve client requests only after the waiting queues of all busy PDs are full. We first present the models in the case of an On–Off request arrival process and verify the approximate accuracy of the proposed models through simulations. Then, we apply analytical models for comparing RandAvail and SEQ policies, in terms of request rejection probability and mean response time, under various system parameter settings.
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Storkel, Holly L. "The Complexity Approach to Phonological Treatment: How to Select Treatment Targets." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 49, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_lshss-17-0082.
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Purpose There are a number of evidence-based treatments for preschool children with phonological disorders (Baker & McLeod, 2011). However, a recent survey by Brumbaugh and Smit (2013) suggests that speech-language pathologists are not equally familiar with all evidence-based treatment alternatives, particularly the complexity approach. The goal of this clinical tutorial is to provide coaching on the implementation of the complexity approach in clinical practice, focusing on treatment target selection. Method Evidence related to selecting targets for treatment based on characteristics of the targets (i.e., developmental norms, implicational universals) and characteristics of children's knowledge of the targets (i.e., accuracy, stimulability) is reviewed. Free resources are provided to aid clinicians in assessing accuracy and stimulability of singletons and clusters. Use of treatment target selection and generalization prediction worksheets is illustrated with 3 preschool children. Results Clinicians can integrate multiple pieces of information to select complex targets and successfully apply the complexity approach to their own clinical practice. Conclusion Incorporating the complexity approach into clinical practice will expand the range of evidence-based treatment options that clinicians can use when treating preschool children with phonological disorders. Supplemental Material S1 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6007562 KU ScholarWorks Supplemental Material http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24767
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Bruno, Alexander D. "Power Geometry and Elliptic Expansions of Solutions to the Painlevé Equations." International Journal of Differential Equations 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/340715.
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We consider an ordinary differential equation (ODE) which can be written as a polynomial in variables and derivatives. Several types of asymptotic expansions of its solutions can be found by algorithms of 2D Power Geometry. They are power, power-logarithmic, exotic, and complicated expansions. Here we develop 3D Power Geometry and apply it for calculation power-elliptic expansions of solutions to an ODE. Among them we select regular power-elliptic expansions and give a survey of all such expansions in solutions of the Painlevé equationsP1,…,P6.
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Zhang, Jingwen, Joseph Ibrahim, Tengfei Li, and Hongtu Zhu. "A Powerful Global Test Statistic for Functional Statistical Inference." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 5765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33015765.
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We consider the problem of performing an association test between functional data and scalar variables in a varying coefficient model setting. We propose a functional projection regression model and an associated global test statistic to aggregate relatively weak signals across the domain of functional data, while reducing the dimension. An optimal functional projection direction is selected to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with ridge penalty. Theoretically, we systematically study the asymptotic distribution of the global test statistic and provide a strategy to adaptively select the optimal tuning parameter. We use simulations to show that the proposed test outperforms all existing state-of-the-art methods in functional statistical inference. Finally, we apply the proposed testing method to the genome-wide association analysis of imaging genetic data in UK Biobank dataset.
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Borghesi, Andrea, Alessandra Scrimieri, Silvia Michelini, Giulio Calandra, Salvatore Golemi, Andrea Tironi, and Roberto Maroldi. "Quantitative CT Analysis for Predicting the Behavior of Part-Solid Nodules with Solid Components Less than 6 mm: Size, Density and Shape Descriptors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163428.
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Persistent part-solid nodules (PSNs) with a solid component <6 mm usually represent minimally invasive adenocarcinomas and are significantly less aggressive than PSNs with a solid component ≥6 mm. However, not all PSNs with a small solid component behave in the same way: some nodules exhibit an indolent course, whereas others exhibit more aggressive behavior. Thus, predicting the future behavior of this subtype of PSN remains a complex and fascinating diagnostic challenge. The main purpose of this study was to apply open-source software to investigate which quantitative computed tomography (CT) features may be useful for predicting the behavior of a select group of PSNs. We retrospectively selected 50 patients with a single PSN with a solid component <6 mm and diameter <15 mm. Computerized analysis was performed using ImageJ software for each PSN and various quantitative features were calculated from the baseline CT images. The area, perimeter, mean Feret diameter, linear mass density, circularity and solidity were significantly related to nodule growth (p ≤ 0.031). Therefore, quantitative CT analysis was helpful for predicting the future behavior of a select group of PSNs with a solid component <6 mm and diameter <15 mm.
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Roy, Sharadindu. "Genetic algorithm based approach to solve travelling salesman problem with one point crossover operator:." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i3.3269.
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In this paper, the travelling salesman problem using genetic algorithm has been attempted. In this practical paper solution is easy and we can easily apply genetic operator in this type of problem. Complexity is both in time and space, provided size of the problem an as integer (count is infinite). The solution of the traveling salesman problem is global optimum. There are cities and given distances between them. Traveling salesman has to visit all of them. TSP main objective is to find traveling sequence of cities to minimize the traveling distance.* traverse one time*initially we select parent1 & parent2 by Roulette wheel concept. Apply one point crossover operator on parents and produce the offspring. Again we apply the mutation operator on offspring and created child. But the no. of bits (cities) will be inverted by the mutation operator, that is depended on mutation probability (pm). So one generation contain 6 individual. Then count fitness of the individuals in each generation. For the next generation (for parent1 & parent2) two individuals will be selected whose fitness is best in generation. Here we see crossover between two good solution may not always yield a better or as good a solution. Since parents are good, so the probability of the child being good is high. Every time we have to do, identity the good solution in the population and make multiple copies of the good solution.
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Wilkie, A. D., and Şule Şahin. "Yet more on a stochastic economic model: part 2: initial conditions, select periods and neutralising parameters." Annals of Actuarial Science 10, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174849951500010x.
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AbstractIn this paper, we consider a number of practical and theoretical aspects of the Wilkie asset model, many of which apply to any similar model used for simulation over time. We discuss the experience of the Wilkie model since 2009. We then discuss the variables that can form the working set, the input set and the output set, all of which may be different. There are different ways of simulating, either in a linear parallel structure or in a branching tree structure. We then discuss the initial conditions required, which may be market conditions at some date, or may be “neutral” initial conditions, which may be defined in different ways. One method of generating initial conditions would be to simulate them randomly, from their own long-term distribution, and we show how to calculate the means, variances and covariances of these. What we call “neutralising parameters” may have a role, and we discuss how these may be found. Finally, we suggest using additional information in the first periods of the simulation to adjust the formulae or parameters for a limited “select period”.
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Ding, Kexing, Xuan Peng, and Yunsen Wang. "A Machine Learning-Based Peer Selection Method with Financial Ratios." Accounting Horizons 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-52454.
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SYNOPSIS Researchers and practitioners have used industry classification systems (e.g., SIC) to select peer firms and create an evaluation benchmark. However, we argue that the choice of peer firms should depend on the research goals. A single peer selection method is not adequate in all circumstances. This study provides a novel approach that yields flexible groupings of firms using clustering techniques. We select the set of financial ratios related to a particular research objective and apply K-medians clustering to identify peer firms. In the subsequent year, a new variable is constructed to capture firms' deviation from peer firms. Significant deviations between a firm and its peers may indicate potential anomalies. We evaluate the usefulness of this K-medians clustering-based peer selection approach by incorporating this variable into a misstatement detection model and a bankruptcy prediction model and find that information about the clustering-based peers can enhance the performance of existing models.
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Roozmand, Omid, and DG Webster. "Consumer Choice and Aggregate Demand." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 6, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2014100101.
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Satisficing behavior is one of the most important subjects in consumer behavior studies. Satisficing consumers select any affordable bundle of items with utility larger than their satisfaction threshold. This contrasts to maximizing behavior, where the consumer selects the bundle of items with the highest possible utility within his or her budget constraint. Authors hypothesize that, all else equal, satisficers will purchase more goods overall when compared with maximizers. Furthermore, satisficers will also purchase more disposable rather than durable goods because they are less concerned with maximizing the total value of their purchases. To test these hypotheses, an agent-based model of consumer behavior has been developed that allows for decision making based on either satisficing or maximizing rules. Satisficer agents use a modified genetic algorithm to find a satisficing bundle. Maximizer agents apply dynamic programming to find the best bundle of items. The aggregated results of consumer agents' purchases support aforementioned hypotheses when consumers select from three types of products: 1) cheap disposable, 2) cheap durable, and 3) expensive durable. The hypotheses also hold when a more realistic set of items is constructed based on the common economic assumption that supply curves are upward sloping. In this latter case, consumers choose bundles from a total of 5 types of items, each of which differs in price, quality, and durability.
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Gu, Zheng Gang, and Kun Hong Liu. "Microarray Data Classification Based on Evolutionary Multiple Classifier System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2077.
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Designing an evolutionary multiple classifier system (MCS) is a relatively new research area. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA) based MCS for microarray data classification. We construct a feature poll with different feature selection methods first, and then a multi-objective GA is applied to implement ensemble feature selection process so as to generate a set of classifiers. When this GA stops, a set of base classifiers are generated. Here we use all the nondominated individuals in last generation to build an ensemble system and test the proposed ensemble method and the method that apply a classifier selection process to select proper classifiers from all the individuals in last generation. The experimental results show the proposed ensemble method is roubust and can lead to promising results.
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Johnson, Amanda L., Andrea C. Villanti, Allison M. Glasser, Jennifer L. Pearson, and Cristine D. Delnevo. "Impact of Question Type and Question Order on Tobacco Prevalence Estimates in US Young Adults: A Randomized Experiment." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 8 (March 27, 2018): 1144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty058.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of question type, order, and inclusion of product images on tobacco use estimates in a national sample of young adults. Participants aged 18–34 years (N = 4,100) in the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study (2016) were randomized to one of five question types assessing ever and past 30-day use of tobacco products: (1) “select all that apply” list (checklist, CL); (2) breakout items for each product (B); (3) breakout + images (B + I); (4) CL and B; and (5) CL and B + I. The order of question type was randomly assigned in groups 4 and 5. Bivariate analyses estimated product-specific prevalence by question type/order. Ever cigarette and cigar use prevalence was higher and ever e-cigarette use was lower in B and B + I than in CL. Ever hookah use was higher in B + I than in CL. Past 30-day e-cigarette use was 8.3% higher and past 30-day smokeless use was 13.0% higher in B + I than in CL. In groups 4 and 5, higher prevalence of ever cigarette, cigar, hookah, and past 30-day smokeless use was observed when B was presented first. Question type, order, and inclusion of images affect prevalence estimates of tobacco use. Implications This study identifies the effects of question type, order, and inclusion of product images on tobacco use estimates in a national sample of young adults. Ever use and past 30-day use prevalence estimates of specific products were affected by respondents answering breakout items or breakout items with images compared with respondents answering a checklist of items in the survey. Current surveys that include a “select all that apply” list format may be underestimating ever and past 30-day prevalence estimates of tobacco products.
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Yuan, Lin, Chun-Hou Zheng, Jun-Feng Xia, and De-Shuang Huang. "Module Based Differential Coexpression Analysis Method for Type 2 Diabetes." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/836929.
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More and more studies have shown that many complex diseases are contributed jointly by alterations of numerous genes. Genes often coordinate together as a functional biological pathway or network and are highly correlated. Differential coexpression analysis, as a more comprehensive technique to the differential expression analysis, was raised to research gene regulatory networks and biological pathways of phenotypic changes through measuring gene correlation changes between disease and normal conditions. In this paper, we propose a gene differential coexpression analysis algorithm in the level of gene sets and apply the algorithm to a publicly available type 2 diabetes (T2D) expression dataset. Firstly, we calculate coexpression biweight midcorrelation coefficients between all gene pairs. Then, we select informative correlation pairs using the “differential coexpression threshold” strategy. Finally, we identify the differential coexpression gene modules using maximum clique concept andk-clique algorithm. We apply the proposed differential coexpression analysis method on simulated data and T2D data. Two differential coexpression gene modules about T2D were detected, which should be useful for exploring the biological function of the related genes.
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BROWNE, ALISTER. "Mental Health Acts in Canada." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318011000006x.
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There are 12 different Mental Health Acts (MHAs) in Canada, all of which provide for the involuntary confinement of the mentally disordered to protect both them from themselves and others from them. The Acts differ in many ways, but three issues stand out above all: (1) involuntary admission criteria, (2) the right to refuse treatment, and (3) who has the authority to authorize treatment. I first describe how the MHAs differ on these issues. I then take up the methodological question of how to select or construct a MHA from the many, all of which have something to be said for them. Finally, I apply this test to the three main issues in dispute and identify which solutions would be in an ideal MHA. My aim in this last is not to settle the issues but to engage with them and so deepen our understanding of what is at stake.
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Zeynalov, A. S. "Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 60, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-60-169-176.
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In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.
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Ushijima, Masaru, Satoshi Miyata, Shinto Eguchi, Masanori Kawakita, Masataka Yoshimoto, Takuji Iwase, Futoshi Akiyama, et al. "Common Peak Approach Using Mass Spectrometry Data Sets for Predicting the Effects of Anticancer Drugs on Breast Cancer." Cancer Informatics 3 (January 2007): 117693510700300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117693510700300029.
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We propose a method for biomarker discovery from mass spectrometry data, improving the common peak approach developed by Fushiki et al. ( BMC Bioinformatics, 7:358, 2006). The common peak method is a simple way to select the sensible peaks that are shared with many subjects among all detected peaks by combining a standard spectrum alignment and kernel density estimates. The key idea of our proposed method is to apply the common peak approach to each class label separately. Hence, the proposed method gains more informative peaks for predicting class labels, while minor peaks associated with specific subjects are deleted correctly. We used a SELDI-TOF MS data set from laser microdissected cancer tissues for predicting the treatment effects of neoadjuvant therapy using an anticancer drug on breast cancer patients. The AdaBoost algorithm is adopted for pattern recognition, based on the set of candidate peaks selected by the proposed method. The analysis gives good performance in the sense of test errors for classifying the class labels for a given feature vector of selected peak values.
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Falahi, Mr Moayad Al, and Dr Janaki Sivakumar. "Comparitive Analysis and Findings on Dct & Lbg Compression Techniques." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 06 (June 26, 2020): 25075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v9i06.4463.
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The main objective of this project is to develop an application to find the best compression technique to store Muscat College students' photographs in less storage. MATLAB software will be used to develop a Graphical User Interface GUI application and implement two image compression techniques which are lossless compression using the DCT algorithm and lossy compression using the LBG algorithm. The application shall allow the user to select and test a sample image by applying both these techniques for any student image he\she selects in order to compare the results by display the image after compression and the histogram to find which the most suitable compression technique is. Also, the application shall show the size of images before and after applying the compression process and show the compression ratio and relative data redundancy of compressed image/images. The main functionality is that the application shall allow the user to do bulk processing to apply image enhancement and image compression technique to enhance and compress all the photographs of students and store them in less space.
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tierney, dominic. "irrelevant or malevolent? un arms embargoes in civil wars." Review of International Studies 31, no. 4 (October 2005): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006674.
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un arms embargoes have been increasingly applied to civil wars, yet these embargoes have tended to be either irrelevant or malevolent in their effects. arms embargoes are rarely enforced in a civil war; they undermine the credibility of the un; they are unlikely to change the political positions of civil war participants; they criminalise target societies; and they benefit arms suppliers willing to break the rules. this article argues for the reform of partial arms embargoes, which target select groups in a civil war. it also argues for the restriction in use of impartial embargoes, which apply to all sides in a civil war. enforcing impartial embargoes can actually make the situation worse, by shaping the course of the civil war in unpredictable and immoral ways.
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Brun, Caroline, and Frédérique Segond. "Semantic Encoding of Electronic Documents." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 17, 2001): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.1.04bru.
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This paper presents an unsupervised, all-words, word sense disambiguation system for English. The system associates a word with its meaning in a given context using an electronic dictionary as a tagged corpora in order to extract semantic disambiguation rules. The methodology attempts to avoid the data acquisition bottleneck observed in word sense disambiguation techniques. Semantic rules are used as input of a semantic application program encoding a linguistic strategy in order to select the best rule to apply. The semantic rule extraction process as well as the application program is described. The methodology is developed in a client/server architecture, which enables the treatment of large corpora. The evaluation of the system is then detailed and some possible extensions and perspectives are finally proposed.
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Evkoski, Bojan, Igor Mozetič, Nikola Ljubešić, and Petra Kralj Novak. "Community evolution in retweet networks." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256175.
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Communities in social networks often reflect close social ties between their members and their evolution through time. We propose an approach that tracks two aspects of community evolution in retweet networks: flow of the members in, out and between the communities, and their influence. We start with high resolution time windows, and then select several timepoints which exhibit large differences between the communities. For community detection, we propose a two-stage approach. In the first stage, we apply an enhanced Louvain algorithm, called Ensemble Louvain, to find stable communities. In the second stage, we form influence links between these communities, and identify linked super-communities. For the detected communities, we compute internal and external influence, and for individual users, the retweet h-index influence. We apply the proposed approach to three years of Twitter data of all Slovenian tweets. The analysis shows that the Slovenian tweetosphere is dominated by politics, that the left-leaning communities are larger, but that the right-leaning communities and users exhibit significantly higher impact. An interesting observation is that retweet networks change relatively gradually, despite such events as the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic or the change of government.
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Tu, Kaiyi, Mingyue Jiang, and Zuohua Ding. "A Metamorphic Testing Approach for Assessing Question Answering Systems." Mathematics 9, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9070726.
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Question Answering (QA) enables the machine to understand and answer questions posed in natural language, which has emerged as a powerful tool in various domains. However, QA is a challenging task and there is an increasing concern about its quality. In this paper, we propose to apply the technique of metamorphic testing (MT) to evaluate QA systems from the users’ perspectives, in order to help the users to better understand the capabilities of these systems and then to select appropriate QA systems for their specific needs. Two typical categories of QA systems, namely, the textual QA (TQA) and visual QA (VQA), are studied, and a total number of 17 metamorphic relations (MRs) are identified for them. These MRs respectively focus on some characteristics of different aspects of QA. We further apply MT to four QA systems (including two APIs from the AllenNLP platform, one API from the Transformers platform, and one API from CloudCV) by using all of the MRs. Our experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of the four subject QA systems from various aspects, revealing their strengths and weaknesses. These results further suggest that MT can be an effective method for assessing QA systems.
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Martínez Cervera, Daniel Esteban, Octavio José Salcedo Parra, and Marco Antonio Aguilera Prado. "Forecasting model with machine learning in higher education ICFES exams." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5402-5410.
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<span>In this paper, we proposed to make different forecasting models in the University education through the algorithms K-means, K-closest neighbor, neural network, and naïve Bayes, which apply to specific exams of engineering, licensed and scientific mathematical thinking in Saber Pro of Colombia. ICFES Saber Pro is an exam required for the degree of all students who carry out undergraduate programs in higher education. The Colombian government regulated this exam in 2009 in the decree 3963 intending to verify the development of competencies, knowledge level, and quality of the programs and institutions. The objective is to use data to convert into information, search patterns, and select the best variables and harness the potential of data (average 650.000 data per semester). The study has found that the combination of features was: women have greater participation (68%) in Mathematics, Engineering, and Teaching careers, the urban area continues to be the preferred place to apply for higher studies (94%), Internet use increased by 50% in the last year, the support of the family nucleus is still relevant for the support in the formation of the children.</span>
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Ding, Li, Zhiliang Lu, and Tongqing Guo. "An Efficient Dynamic Mesh Generation Method for Complex Multi-Block Structured Grid." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 6, no. 01 (February 2014): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.2013.m199.
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AbstractAiming at a complex multi-block structured grid, an efficient dynamic mesh generation method is presented in this paper, which is based on radial basis functions (RBFs) and transfinite interpolation (TFI). When the object is moving, the multi-block structured grid would be changed. The fast mesh deformation is critical for numerical simulation. In this work, the dynamic mesh deformation is completed in two steps. At first, we select all block vertexes with known deformation as center points, and apply RBFs interpolation to get the grid deformation on block edges. Then, an arc-length-based TFI is employed to efficiently calculate the grid deformation on block faces and inside each block. The present approach can be well applied to both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems. Numerical results show that the dynamic meshes for all test cases can be generated in an accurate and efficient manner.
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Cuccuru, Gianmauro, Giorgio Fotia, Fabio Maggio, and James Southern. "Simulating Cardiac Electrophysiology Using Unstructured All-Hexahedra Spectral Elements." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/473279.
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We discuss the application of the spectral element method to the monodomain and bidomain equations describing propagation of cardiac action potential. Models of cardiac electrophysiology consist of a system of partial differential equations coupled with a system of ordinary differential equations representing cell membrane dynamics. The solution of these equations requires solving multiple length scales due to the ratio of advection to diffusion that varies among the different equations. High order approximation of spectral elements provides greater flexibility in resolving multiple length scales. Furthermore, spectral elements are extremely efficient to model propagation phenomena on complex shapes using fewer degrees of freedom than its finite element equivalent (for the same level of accuracy). We illustrate a fully unstructured all-hexahedra approach implementation of the method and we apply it to the solution of full 3D monodomain and bidomain test cases. We discuss some key elements of the proposed approach on some selected benchmarks and on an anatomically based whole heart human computational model.
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Wu, Juan, and Min Bai. "Adaptive rank-reduction method for seismic data reconstruction." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 15, no. 4 (May 16, 2018): 1688–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/aabc74.
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Abstract Seismic data reconstruction plays an important role in the whole seismic data processing and imaging workflow, especially for those data that are acquired from severe field environment and are missing a large portion of the reflection signals. The rank-reduction method is considered to be a very effective method for interpolating data that are of small curvature, e.g. the post-stack data. However, when the data are more complicated, the rank-reduction method may fail to achieve acceptable performance. A useful strategy is to use local windows to process the data so that the data in each local window satisfy the plane-wave assumption of the rank-reduction method. However, the rank in each window requires a careful selection. Traditional methods select a global rank for all windows. We have proposed an automatic algorithm to select the rank in each processing window. The energy ratio between two consecutive singular values is chosen as the criterion to define the optimal rank. We apply this strategy to seismic data interpolation and use both synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate its potential in practical applications.
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Panzeri, Laura, Francesco Maspero, Anna Galli, Emanuela Sibilia, and Marco Martini. "Luminescence and Radiocarbon Dating of Mortars at Milano-Bicocca Laboratories." Radiocarbon 62, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.6.
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ABSTRACTThis work shows the results of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14C) dating applied to mortars of historical structures in northern Italy. All the results are compared with archaeological evidence and thermoluminescence (TL) dating of bricks. The main issue for OSL mortar dating is that the quartz grains contained in the mortar may be only partially bleached, leading to an overestimation of the sample age. In order to identify the best protocol to apply, both multi-grain (MG) and single grain (SG) methods were used. The minimum age model (MAM) statistical approach was applied to refine their accuracy. However, the identification of the bleached grains is not always successful, indicating that further investigations are needed to develop suitable dating protocol. For the 14C technique, a crucial aspect is the selection of anthropogenic calcite. In this work the mortars were treated using a Cryosonic method to select anthropogenic calcite from raw material, and the obtained powder was sieved to select the finer fraction. Unfortunately, only in two cases an acceptable amount of sample could be obtained. All the fractions were dated via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and the results compared with independently obtained dates. The results show that the execution of the dating analysis requires previous characterizations to assess the nature of the mortar components and avoid unusable fractions.
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Titus, Gregory, and Frederik Josep Putuhena. "STUDY ON RULE CURVE DEVELOPMENT FOR HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER (HEP) DAM OPERATION. CASE STUDY: MURUM HEP DAM." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2016): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.305.2016.
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An operation rule curve of a dam provides specific on the target elevation of thereservoir. This can vary throughout the year. This is an indication to the reservoir operator ofactivities to conduct for various situations involving reservoir and the hydrologic conditions.This rule curve shall apply to Murum dam solely for power generation purpose. Thedecisions on when and how much to release will impact the ability to pass a flood as well ashydropower capacity. The main objective of this research is to select the most suitablemethod and to develop the operation rule curves for Murum dam primarily for hydropowergeneration. A trial-and-error method has been selected for this study. Reservoir operationmodeling and simulation have been commenced using historical rainfall data, after runoffwas generated by rainfall runoff modellings. Three (3) simulations are conducted fordeveloping the operation rule curves. They are rule curve according to Sarawak EnergyBerhad’s requirement, ideal rule curve and mean rule curve. All three sets of rule curves aresuccessfully developed using turbine discharges of the dam as the parameters and to achievethe target firm energy generation of 635MW.
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Karle, V. A., LYU Zolotova, and S. A. Kechin. "INVESTMENT PROGRAM OF POWER GRID COM PANIES: CHECK ALL CAN NOT BE SELECTED." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-4-42-47.
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Starting in 2017, the carrying out of technological and price audit of investment programs (projects of investment programs) and reports on their implementation has been secured as the necessary measures for the electric grid companies of Russia in the framework of approval procedures and approval of investment programs and oversee their implementation.Realization of technological and price audit requires to review large set of information in short period of time, which is limited by investment program validation procedures. Forming representative sample (which describes general population accurately) as an object of analysis could increase audit efficiency. The approach shown in the article is based on mathematical methods of analysis.On the example of the project of the investment program of PJSC "MOESK" the authors made an attempt to apply the described technique. This technique made it possible to perform the main task - the formation of a sample of investment projects, which allows without loss of quality and complexity of the investment program materials to preserve the validity and objectivity of the formed conclusion based on the results of technological and price audit.
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IBARRA, OSCAR H., HSU-CHUN YEN, and ZHE DANG. "ON VARIOUS NOTIONS OF PARALLELISM IN P SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 04 (August 2005): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003236.
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We consider the following definition (different from the standard definition in the literature) of "maximal parallelism" in the application of evolution rules in a P system G: Let R = {r1, …rk} be the set of (distinct) rules in the system. G operates in maximally parallel mode if at each step of the computation, a maximal subset of R is applied, and at most one instance of any rule is used at every step (thus at most k rules are applicable at any step). We refer to this system as a maximally parallel system. We look at the computing power of P systems under three semantics of parallelism. For a positive integer n ≤ k, define: n-Max-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select a maximal subset of at most n rules in R to apply (this implies that no larger subset is applicable). ≤ n-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select any subset of at most n rules in R to apply. n-Parallel: At each step, nondeterministically select any subset of exactly n rules in R to apply. In all three cases, if any rule in the subset selected is not applicable, then the whole subset is not applicable. When n = 1, the three semantics reduce to the Sequential mode. We focus on two popular models of P systems: multi-membrane catalytic systems and communicating P systems. We show that for these systems, n-Max-Parallel mode is strictly more powerful than any of the following three modes: Sequential, ≤ n-Parallel, or n-Parallel. For example, it follows from the result in [9] that a maximally parallel communicating P system is universal for n = 2. However, under the three limited modes of parallelism, the system is equivalent to a vector addition system, which is known to only define a recursive set. These generalize and refine the results for the case of 1-membrane systems recently reported in [3]. Some of the present results are rather surprising. For example, we show that a Sequential 1-membrane communicating P system can only generate a semilinear set, whereas with k membranes, it is equivalent to a vector addition system for any k ≥ 2 (thus the hierarchy collapses at 2 membranes - a rare collapsing result for nonuniversal P systems). We also give another proof (using vector addition systems) of the known result [8] that a 1-membrane catalytic system with only 3 catalysts and (non-prioritized) catalytic rules operating under 3-Max-Parallel mode can simulate any 2-counter machine M. Unlike in [8], our catalytic system needs only a fixed number of noncatalysts, independent of M. A simple cooperative system (SCO) is a P system where the only rules allowed are of the form a → v or of the form aa → v, where a is a symbol and v is a (possibly null) string of symbols not containing a. We show that a 9-Max-Parallel 1-membrane SCO is universal.
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Potts, Shaina. "Reterritorializing economic governance: Contracts, space, and law in transborder economic geographies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x15607468.
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All large firms exploit regulatory variation across jurisdictions by exporting activity to strategic locations around the globe. Less well known are the ways major economic players bring other jurisdictions to them without moving at all. The use of governing law clauses by which parties select which jurisdiction’s laws will apply to their contracts, means that many commercial contracts today, especially in finance, have little or no significant connection to the jurisdictions that govern them. In this article, I explore 20th-century transformations in US choice of law practices to argue that changing conceptions of freedom of contract and the public–private distinction have been intimately linked to increasingly flexible economic geographies and a reterritorialization of economic governance. The results have been far from homogeneous; governing law clauses have become an important tool of competition among jurisdictions, with some losing control of economic activity within their own borders, while others, like New York and England, have gained influence far beyond theirs.
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Purnajiwa Arimbawa, I. Gede Angga, and Ngurah Agus Sanjaya ER. "Lemmatization in Balinese Language." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 8, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v08.i03.p04.
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Lemmatization is a process to extracting root word from an affixed word with the aim of reducing variations of the word into the root word. Previous researches on extraction of root word in Balinese Language has been done with rule- based methods to remove affixes from words. The weakness of the rule-based method is that it must comply with the set of rules provided. However, writings in Balinese often contain typographical errors because speakers tend to write words according to how the word is spoken instead of following the correct rules. In this research, we apply the Levenshtein distance method to overcome the aforementioned shortcoming. After all the rules applied to a given word fail, the Leven- shtein distance method is used to list all words that are ”close”. Next, we select the closest word as the root word of the given input. Based on the experiments, our proposed method achieved an accuracy of 96.01 %.
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RANKIN, STUART, and ORTHO FLINT. "ENUMERATING THE PRIME ALTERNATING LINKS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216504003068.
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In [5], four knot operators were introduced and used to construct all prime alternating knots of a given crossing size. An efficient implementation of this construction was made possible by the notion of the master array of an alternating knot. The master array and an implementation of the construction appeared in [6]. The basic scheme (as described in [5]) is to apply two of the operators, D and ROTS, to the prime alternating knots of minimal crossing size n-1, which results in a large set of prime alternating knots of minimal crossing size n, and then the remaining two operators, T and OTS, are applied to these n crossing knots to complete the production of the set of prime alternating knots of minimal crossing size n. In this paper, we show how to obtain all prime alternating links of a given minimal crossing size. More precisely, we shall establish that given any two prime alternating links of minimal crossing size n, there is a finite sequence of T and OTS operations that transforms one of the links into the other. Consequently, one may select any prime alternating link of minimal crossing size n (which is then called the seed link), and repeatedly apply only the operators T and OTS to obtain all prime alternating links of minimal crossing size n from the chosen seed link. The process may be standardized by specifying the seed link to be (in the parlance of [5]) the unique link of n crossings with group number 1, the (n, 2) torus link.
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Süveges, Maria, Sotiria Fotopoulou, Jean Coupon, Stéphane Paltani, Laurent Eyer, and Lorenzo Rimoldini. "Learn from every mistake! Hierarchical information combination in astronomy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (October 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317000242.
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AbstractThroughout the processing and analysis of survey data, a ubiquitous issue nowadays is that we are spoilt for choice when we need to select a methodology for some of its steps. The alternative methods usually fail and excel in different data regions, and have various advantages and drawbacks, so a combination that unites the strengths of all while suppressing the weaknesses is desirable. We propose to use a two-level hierarchy of learners. Its first level consists of training and applying the possible base methods on the first part of a known set. At the second level, we feed the output probability distributions from all base methods to a second learner trained on the remaining known objects. Using classification of variable stars and photometric redshift estimation as examples, we show that the hierarchical combination is capable of achieving general improvement over averaging-type combination methods, correcting systematics present in all base methods, is easy to train and apply, and thus, it is a promising tool in the astronomical “Big Data” era.
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Ledergerber, J. M., T. Maruéjouls, and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "No-regret selection of effective control handles for integrated urban wastewater systems management under parameter and input uncertainty." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 8 (April 1, 2020): 1749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.144.
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Abstract Regulatory water quality limits are extended from the wastewater resource recovery facility (WRRF) to the sewer system. It is thus necessary to properly integrate those systems for the evaluation of the overall emissions to the receiving water. The integration of the sewer system and the WRRF, however, leaves us with multiple potential options to reduce these emissions. The proposed approach builds on previous research using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) as a screening method for available control handles. It considers parameter and input uncertainty to select control handles that generate large benefits even if the model differs from reality. Results from a real-life case study indicate that the three top-rated handles are comparably effective for all considered uncertainty and variability scenarios. But the results also showed that this does not apply to lower-rated handles.
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Mohd Tahar, Siti Hajar, Shamshul Bahar Yaakob, Ahmad Shukri Fazil Rahman, and Amran Ahmed. "Solving financial allocation problem in distribution system expansion planning." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1445.
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This paper introduces a new technique to solve financial allocation in Distribution System Expansion Planning (DSEP) problem. The proposed technique will be formulated by using mean-variance analysis (MVA) approach in the form of mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem. It consist the hybridization of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) and Boltzmann Machine (BM) in first and second phase respectively. During the execution at the first phase, this model will select the feasible units meanwhile the second phase will restructured until it finds the best solution from all the feasible solution. Due to this feature, the proposed model has a fast convergence and the accuracy of the obtained solution. This model can help planners in decision-making process since the solutions provide a better allocation of limited financial resources and offer the planners with the flexibility to apply different options to increase the profit.
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Supa'at, Supa'at. "The Implementation of Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) in College Curriculum." International Conference of Moslem Society 2 (April 23, 2018): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/icms.2018.1857.
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Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) is a current curriculum applied in all universities in Indonesia. This article aims to describe how is the construction of the IQF, the implementation and the learning strategies used to apply KKNI at STAIN Kudus. This research is a descriptive qualitative research through a case study as the research design. The first result showed that the ways to implement KKNI was to determine the profile of graduates and learning outcomes, to select and to arrange the material, to organize and to structure the curriculum subjects, as well as to put together the lesson plan. The second result showed that applying KKNI included several steps consisting of planning the curriculum, planning the learning process and evaluating the learning program. Finally, the last result showed that learning strategies used to implement KKNI was student-centered learning.
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El Houby, Enas M. F. "A Framework for Prediction of Response to HCV Therapy Using Different Data Mining Techniques." Advances in Bioinformatics 2014 (December 11, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/181056.
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Hepatitis C which is a widely spread disease all over the world is a fatal liver disease caused by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The only approved therapy is interferon plus ribavirin. The number of responders to this treatment is low, while its cost is high and side effects are undesirable. Treatment response prediction will help in reducing the patients who suffer from the side effects and high costs without achieving recovery. The aim of this research is to develop a framework which can select the best model to predict HCV patients’ response to the treatment of HCV from clinical information. The framework contains three phases which are preprocessing phase to prepare the data for applying Data Mining (DM) techniques, DM phase to apply different DM techniques, and evaluation phase to evaluate and compare the performance of the built models and select the best model as the recommended one. Different DM techniques had been applied which are associative classification, artificial neural network, and decision tree to evaluate the framework. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the framework in selecting the best model which is the model built by associative classification using histology activity index, fibrosis stage, and alanine amino transferase.
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Phipps, Amy. "P42 All-in-one parenteral nutrition: a national survey." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e28-e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.51.
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AimsTo gather details about the current usage of All-in-One (AIO) Parenteral Nutrition (PN) for children in the UK, reasons that organisations have switched to using AIO PN and benefits that occurred. For organisations not using AIO PN, the aim is to find out if they have plans to use it in the future and why/not. The ultimate aim is to determine whether AIO PN should be used locally and/or nationally via standardised paediatric PN to improve patient safety.BackgroundConventional split-phase PN is subject to ‘rate switch’ errors when lipid is infused at the rate intended for aqueous PN and vice versa. A 2017 alert from NHS Improvement (NHSI) highlighted that serious adverse effects have occurred due to overly-rapid infusion of PN in babies and children. Using AIO PN eliminates the risk of rate switch errors although there is scant evidence in literature of enhanced safety. A project group has been developing national standardised paediatric PN, with work ongoing. Local rate switch incidents, the NHSI alert and a desire to provide appropriate national standardised PN are the drivers behind this survey.MethodsA survey monkey® was designed and circulated to members of the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group (NPPG) via email. Members were asked to respond on behalf of their organisation if they provided PN to babies or children. The survey included 10 questions/fields, with discrete choices such as yes/no/don’t know or ‘select all that apply’.Results51 responses were received from 48 organisations. Close to 50% were using AIO PN for inpatients. Organisations using AIO PN: 70% used both AIO and split-phase PN. AIO PN was used mainly for larger children: adolescents/children >40 kg (64% of organisations); children 30–39.9 kg (60%); and children 20–29.9 kg (48%). Nurse preference/ease of administration (45%), addressing a local safety concern (25%) and responding to the NHSI safety alert (21%) were the most common reasons for using AIO PN. AIO PN was perceived as having a positive impact including: improved patient safety (42% of organisations); improved local aseptic unit capacity (38%); and improved nurse satisfaction (29%). Methods of providing AIO PN included: locally prepared-licensed multi-chamber bag with additions (54%); externally prepared-as bespoke/scratch (39%); licensed multi-chamber bag without additions (39%); externally prepared-standard bag (12%); externally prepared-licensed multi-chamber bag with additions (12%); locally prepared-as bespoke/scratch either using a compounder or via other method (8% each). Organisations not using AIO PN: 43% of organisations were not planning to use AIO PN or didn’t know and 15% planned to start in the future. 42% selected ‘other’ and gave comments, primarily relating to avoiding AIO PN for neonates, e.g. need to use neonatal network PN (split-phase) or prefer flexibility to stop lipid in case of adverse effects. Eleven organisations answered, ‘Why are you thinking of using AIO PN?’ – examples included releasing aseptic capacity, reducing administration errors/improving safety and the long shelf life of triple-chamber AIO bags.ConclusionAIO PN appears to be an appropriate and safe for local use and should be taken into account in national standard paediatric PN formulation design where practicable.
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Ferreira, Johnny Maikeo, Silvia Regina Vergilio, and Marcos Quinaia. "Software Product Line Testing Based on Feature Model Mutation." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 27, no. 05 (June 2017): 817–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194017500309.
Full textAbstract:
The Feature Model (FM) is a fundamental artifact of the Software Product Line (SPL) engineering, used to represent commonalities and variabilities, and also to derive products for testing. However, the test of all features combinations (products) is not always possible in practice. Due to the growing complexity of the applications, only a subset of products is usually selected. The selection is generally based on combinatorial testing, to test features interactions. This kind of selection does not consider different classes of faults that can be present in the FM. The application of a fault-based approach, such as mutation-based testing, can increase the probability of finding faults and the confidence that the SPL products match the requirements. Considering that, this paper introduces a mutation approach to select products for the feature testing of SPLs. The approach can be used similarly to a test criterion in the generation and assessment of test cases. It includes (i) a set of mutation operators, introduced to describe typical faults associated to the feature management and to the FM; and (ii) a testing process to apply the operators. Experimental results show the applicability of the approach. The selected test case sets are capable to reveal other kind of faults, not revealed in the pairwise testing.
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Hoek, H. W., and P. N. van Harten. "European Portal for High Quality Links Selected by Colleagues: www.psychiatrynet.eu." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70412-2.
Full textAbstract:
The internet makes it possible to search in an endless variety of information. However, not all information is valid and reliable. Googling the term schizophrenia gives over 10 million hits. Among these hits there are some high quality websites, but also many sites with useless or even misleading or false information. With this workshop the editors-in-chief of the website www.psychiatrynet.eu will present search strategies for the participants, which they can apply in their daily practice. In June 2008 the English version of www.psychiatrynet.eu has been launched modelled after the Dutch website www.psychiatrienet.nl (launched in 2001). The lead of the website is ‘An independent selection of high quality links by your colleagues’. Independency is a basic value and the financial support comes from the Foundation of the Netherlands and Flemish Journal of Psychiatry. The current editorial board consists of over 50 mainly Dutch and Flemish psychiatrists, who select links and provide a short description of the links. In the forthcoming years members from different European countries will be selected to join the European editorial board. The goal is to become a key website for psychiatrists in Europe.
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Del Gaizo Moore, Victoria, Krysta D. Schlis, Stephen E. Sallan, Scott A. Armstrong, and Anthony Letai. "BCL-2 dependence and ABT-737 sensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 111, no. 4 (February 15, 2008): 2300–2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-06-098012.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer cells acquire disruptions in normal signal transduction pathways and homeostatic mechanisms that would trigger apoptosis in normal cells. These abnormalities include genomic instability, oncogene activation, and growth factor independent proliferation. Therefore, cancer cells likely require a block in apoptosis in order to survive. Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 provides a block in apoptosis that is frequently observed in cancer cells. We have developed methods for the detection and analysis of BCL-2 dependence and here apply them to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BH3 profiling, a mitochondrial assay that classifies blocks in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, indicated a dependence on BCL-2 of both ALL cell lines and primary samples. This dependence predicted that BCL-2 would be complexed with select pro-death BH3 family proteins, a prediction confirmed by the isolation of BCL-2 complexes with BIM. Furthermore, the BH3 profiling and protein analysis predicted that ALL cell lines and primary cells would be sensitive to ABT-737 as a single agent. Finally, BH3 profiling and protein studies accurately predicted a relative degree of sensitivity to BCL-2 antagonism in cell lines. The ALL cells studied exhibit BCL-2 dependence, supporting clinical trials of BCL-2 antagonists in ALL as single agents or combination therapies.