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1
Srinivasan, R. "Geology and Seismic Susceptibility of Chennai City." Journal of the Geological Society of India 97, no. 11 (November 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1890-0.
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., C. Ravi Kumar Reddy. "ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RC BUILDINGS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 28 (December 25, 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0328008.
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Lv, Wei, and Lihong Zhang. "The Seismic Response of Ultra-High Voltage Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012065.
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Abstract As an important part of the substation, the seismic capacity of ultra-high voltage (UHV) electrical equipment is related to the safe and stable operation of the substation and the whole power grid. The UHV gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) have many structural characteristics, such as long pipeline distance, the large span between supports and the obvious amplification effect of supports. Its natural frequency is close to the predominant frequency of the seismic wave, resulting in its susceptibility to resonance or resonance-like and high seismic susceptibility. In order to analyze the seismic performance of UHV GIL better, the vibration mode decomposition response spectrum method and the dynamic time-history analysis method are used to analyze the seismic response of UHV GIL in this paper. The search for seismic weak positions of GIL is a reference for effectively improving the seismic performance of UHV GIL.
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Chen, Xiao-li, Xin-jian Shan, Ming-ming Wang, Chun-guo Liu, and Na-na Han. "Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040198.
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On 8 August 2017 an earthquake (MS7.0) occurred within Jiuzhaigou County, Northern Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, triggering 4834 landslides with an individual area greater than 7.8 m2 over a more than 400 km2 region. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the coseismic landslide distribution pattern, this study has attempted to reveal the control from seismic landslide susceptibility mapping, which relies on the calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model. We calculated the average critical acceleration for each cell of the gridded study area (1 km×1 km), which represented the seismic landslide susceptibility of the cell. An index of the potential landslide area generation rate was defined, i.e., the possible landsliding area in each grid cell. In combination with PGA (peak ground acceleration) distribution, we calculated such indexes for each cell to predict the possible landslide hazard under seismic ground shaking. Results show that seismic landslide susceptibility plays an important role in determining the coseismic landslide pattern. The places with high seismic landslide susceptibility tends to host many landslides. Additionally, the areas with high potential landslide area generation rates have high real landslide occurrence rates, consistent with dominant small-medium scale landslides by this earthquake. This approach can aid assessment of seismic landslide hazards at a preliminary stage. Additionally, it forms a foundation for further research, such as the rapid evaluation of post-earthquake landslides and identifying highly impacted areas to help decision makers prioritize disaster relief efforts.
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Kolawole, F., C. S. Johnston, C. B. Morgan, J. C. Chang, K. J. Marfurt, D. A. Lockner, Z. Reches, and B. M. Carpenter. "The susceptibility of Oklahoma’s basement to seismic reactivation." Nature Geoscience 12, no. 10 (September 16, 2019): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0440-5.
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Som, S. K., P. Dasarwar, Murali Mohan, J. N. Hindayar, N. Thrideep Kumar, S. N. Chowdhuri, G. S. Darmwal, and Harbans Singh. "Comparing seismic susceptibility models of the Himalayan terrain." Journal of Seismology 20, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 827–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9562-z.
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Yamaguchi, Shui, and Mio Kasai. "A new index representative of seismic cracks to assess post‐seismic landslide susceptibility." Transactions in GIS 26, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 1040–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12900.
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Fang, Haoran, Yun Shao, Chou Xie, Bangsen Tian, Yu Zhu, Yihong Guo, Qing Yang, and Ying Yang. "Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry for Post-Earthquake Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Jiuzhaigou." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 9228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189228.
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Earthquakes cause a huge number of landslides and alter the regional landslide risk distribution. As a result, after a significant earthquake, the landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) must be updated. The study goal was to create seismic landslide susceptibility maps containing landslide causative variables which are adaptable to great changes in susceptibility after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake (MS 7.0) and to perform a rapid update of the LSM after the earthquake by means of the distributed scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DS-InSAR) technique. We selected the territory of Jiuzhaigou County (southwestern China) as the study region. Jiuzhaigou is a world-renowned natural heritage and tourist area of great human and ecological value. For landslide susceptibility mapping, we examined the applicability of three models (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest) for landslide susceptibility mapping and offered a strategy for updating seismic landslide susceptibility maps using DS-InSAR. First, using logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest techniques, susceptibility models of seismic landslides were built for Jiuzhaigou based on twelve contributing variables. Second, we obtained the best model parameters by means of a Bayesian network and network search, while using five-fold cross-validation to validate the optimized model. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the SVM model and RF model had excellent prediction capability and strong robustness over large areas compared with the LR models. Third, the surface deformation in Jiuzhaigou was calculated using DS-InSAR technology, and the deformation data were adopted to update the landslide susceptibility model using the correction matrix. The correction of deformation data resulted in a susceptibility class transition in 4.87 percent of the research region. According to practical examples, this method of correcting LSMs for the continuous monitoring of surface deformation (DS-InSAR) was effective. Finally, we analyze the reasons for the change in the revised LSM and point out the help of ecological restoration in reducing landslide susceptibility. The results show that the integration of InSAR continuous monitoring not only improved the performance of the LSM model but also adapted it to track the evolution of future landslide susceptibility, including seismic and human activities.
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Taufik, Imam. "RAPID SEISMIC SCREENING PADA JEMBATAN DI KABUPATEN PATI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FILIATRAULT." Jurnal HPJI 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jhpji.v9i1.6440.49-56.
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Abstract
Indonesia is a country that has a very high level of vulnerability to earthquakes. However, it is very rare for bridges in rural areas or in sub-districts to be evaluated or screened. As a result, many bridges are prone to damage when seismic earthquakes occur, even though bridges are an important infrastructure for the village for the village's economic progress. This research was conducted with the aim of conducting a quick seismic inspection of the bridge and obtaining a priority order for bridge repair using the Seismic Vulnerability Index (SVI) method. The analysis was carried out on the sample, which consisted of 4 bridges located in Pati Regency. The results of the SVI analysis show that of the 4 observed bridges, the Tanjang Bridge has the highest Seismic Vulnerability Index, so it is recommended that this bridge get the first repair priority.
Keywords: earthquake; earthquake prone; bridge; Seismic Susceptibility Index; improvement priority
Abstrak
Indonesia merupakan suatu negara yang mempunyai tingkat kerawanan terhadap gempa bumi yang sangat tinggi. Namun, sangat jarang jembatan-jembatan yang berada di perdesaan atau di kecamatan dievaluasi atau dilakukan screening. Akibatnya, banyak jembatan yang rawan rusak saat terjadi peristiwa gempa bumi seismik padahal jembatan merupakan suatu infrastruktur penting bagi desa untuk kemajuan ekonomi desa tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan seismik jembatan secara cepat dan mendapatkan urutan prioritas perbaikan jembatan dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Kerentanan Seismik (SVI). Analisis dilakukan terhadap sampel, yang terdiri atas 4 jembatan yang terletak di Kabupaten Pati. Hasil analisis SVI menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat jembatan yang diamati, Jembatan Tanjang mempunyai Indeks Kerentanan Seismik yang paling tinggi, sehingga jembatan ini direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan prioritas perbaikan yang pertama.
Kata-kata kunci: gempa bumi; rawan gempa; jembatan; Indeks Kerentanan Seismik; prioritas perbaikan
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Tanyaş, Hakan, Dalia Kirschbaum, and Luigi Lombardo. "Capturing the footprints of ground motion in the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced landslides." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 4323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02238-x.
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AbstractThe coupled effect of earthquakes and rainfall is rarely investigated in landslide susceptibility assessments although it could be crucial to predict landslide occurrences. This is even more critical in the context of early warning systems and especially in cases of extreme precipitation regimes in post-seismic conditions, where the rock masses are already damaged due to the ground shaking. Here, we investigate this concept by accounting for the legacy of seismic ground shaking in rainfall-induced landslide (RFIL) scenarios. We do this to identify whether ground shaking plays a role in the susceptibility to post-seismic rainfall-induced landslides and to identify whether this legacy effect persists through time. With this motivation, we use binary logistic regression and examine time series of landslides associated with four earthquakes occurred in Indonesia: 2012 Sulawesi (Mw = 6.3), 2016 Reuleut (Mw = 6.5), 2017 Kasiguncu (Mw = 6.6) and 2018 Palu (Mw = 7.5) earthquakes. The dataset includes one co-seismic and three post-seismic landslide inventories for each earthquake. We use the peak ground acceleration map of the last strongest earthquake in each case as a predisposing factor of landslides representing the effect of ground shaking. We observe that, at least for the study areas under consideration and in a probabilistic context, the earthquake legacy contributes to increase the post-seismic RFIL susceptibility. This positive contribution decays through time. Specifically, we observe that ground motion is a significant predisposing factor controlling the spatial distribution of RFIL in the post-seismic period 110 days after an earthquake. We also show that this effect dissipates within 3 years at most.
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Guo, Xinyi, Bihong Fu, Jie Du, Pilong Shi, Qingyu Chen, and Wenyuan Zhang. "Applicability of Susceptibility Model for Rock and Loess Earthquake Landslides in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132546.
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It is crucial to explore a suitable landslide susceptibility model with an excellent prediction capability for rapid evaluation and disaster relief in seismic regions with different lithological features. In this study, we selected two typical seismic events, the Jiuzhaigou and Minxian earthquakes, which occurred in the Alpine karst and loess regions, respectively. Eight influencing factors and five models were chosen to calculate the susceptibility of landslide, including the information (I) model, certainty factor (CF) model, logistic regression (LR) model, I + LR coupling model, and CF + LR coupling model. Then, the accuracy and the landslide susceptibility distribution of these models were assessed by the area under curve (AUC) and distribution criteria. Finally, the model with high accuracy and good applicability for the rock landslide or loess landslide regions was optimized. Our results showed that the accuracy of the coupling model is higher than that of the single models. Except for the LR model, the landslide susceptibility distribution for the above-mentioned models is consistent with universal cognition. The coupling models are generally better than their single models. Among them, the I + LR model can obtain the best comprehensive results for assessing the distribution and accuracy of both rock and loess landslide susceptibility, which is helpful for disaster relief and policy-making, and it can also provide useful scientific data for post-seismic reconstruction and restoration.
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Almqvist, Bjarne S. G., Hagen Bender, Amanda Bergman, and Uwe Ring. "Magnetic properties of pseudotachylytes from western Jämtland, central Swedish Caledonides." Solid Earth 11, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 807–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020.
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Abstract. Fault kinematics can provide information on the relationship and assembly of tectonic units in an orogen. Magnetic fabric studies of faults where pseudotachylytes form have recently been used to determine direction and sense of seismic slip in prehistoric earthquakes. Here we apply this methodology to study magnetic fabrics of pseudotachylytes in field structures of the Köli Nappe Complex (central Swedish Caledonides), with the aim to determine fault kinematics and decipher the role of seismic faulting in the assembly of the Caledonian nappe pile. Because the pseudotachylyte veins are thin, we focused on small (ca. 0.2 to 0.03 cm3) samples for measuring the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The small sample size challenges conventional use of magnetic anisotropy and results acquired from such small specimens demand cautious interpretation. Importantly, we find that magnetic fabric results show inverse proportionality among specimen size, degree of magnetic anisotropy and mean magnetic susceptibility, which is most likely an analytical artifact related to instrument sensitivity and small sample dimensions. In general, however, it is shown that the principal axes of magnetic susceptibility correspond to the orientation of foliation and lineation, where the maximum susceptibility (k1) is parallel to the mineral lineation, and the minimum susceptibility (k3) is dominantly oriented normal to schistosity. Furthermore, the studied pseudotachylytes develop distinct magnetic properties. Pristine pseudotachylytes preserve a signal of ferrimagnetic magnetite that likely formed during faulting. In contrast, portions of the pseudotachylytes have altered, with a tendency of magnetite to break down to form chlorite. Despite magnetite breakdown, the altered pseudotachylyte mean magnetic susceptibility is nearly twice that of altered pseudotachylyte, likely originating from the Fe-rich chlorite, as implied by temperature-dependent susceptibility measurements and thin-section observations. Analysis of structural and magnetic fabric data indicates that seismic faulting occurred during exhumation into the upper crust, but these data yield no kinematic information on the direction and sense of seismic slip. Additionally, the combined structural field and magnetic fabric data suggest that seismic faulting was postdated by brittle E–W extensional deformation along steep normal faults. Although the objective of finding kinematic indicators for the faulting was not fully achieved, we believe that the results from this study may help guide future studies of magnetic anisotropy with small specimens (<1 cm3), as well as in the interpretation of magnetic properties of pseudotachylytes.
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Harmouzi, Hasnaa, Romy Schlögel, Marta Jurchescu, and Hans-Balder Havenith. "Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in the Vrancea-Buzău Seismic Region, Southeast Romania." Geosciences 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11120495.
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This study presents the results of a landslide susceptibility analysis applied to the Vrancea-Buzău seismogenic region in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania. The target area is affected by a large diversity of landslide processes. Slopes are made-up of various types of rocks, climatic conditions can be classified as wet, and the area is a seismically active one. All this contributes to the observed high landslide hazard. The paper analyses the spatial component of the landslide hazard affecting the target area, the regional landslide susceptibility. First, an existing landslide inventory was completed to cover a wider area for the landslide susceptibility analysis. Second, two types of methods are applied, a purely statistical technique, based on correlations between landslide occurrence and local conditions, as well as the simplified spatial process-based Newmark Displacement analysis. Landslide susceptibility maps have been produced by applying both methods, the second one also allowing us to simulate different scenarios, based on various soil saturation rates and seismic inputs. Furthermore, landslide susceptibility was computed both for the landslide source and runout zones—the first providing information about areas where landslides are preferentially triggered and the second indicating where landslides preferentially move along the slope and accumulate. The analysis showed that any of the different methods applied produces reliable maps of landslide susceptibility. However, uncertainties were also outlined as validation is insufficient, especially in the northern area, where only a few landslides could be mapped due to the intense vegetation cover.
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Zhang, Shuhao, and Peiqiao Yu. "Seismic landslide susceptibility assessment based on ADASYN-LDA model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 525 (July 7, 2020): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/525/1/012087.
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Paoletti, V. "Review article "Remarks on factors influencing shear wave velocities and their role in evaluating susceptibilities to earthquake-triggered slope instability: case study for the Campania area (Italy)"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2012): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2147-2012.
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Abstract. Shear wave velocities have a fundamental role in connection with the mitigation of seismic hazards, as their low values are the main causes of site amplification phenomena and can significantly influence the susceptibility of a territory to seismic-induced landslides. The shear wave velocity (Vs) and modulus (G) of each lithological unit are influenced by factors such as the degree of fracturing and faulting, the porosity, the clay amount and the precipitation, with the latter two influencing the unit water content. In this paper we discuss how these factors can affect the Vs values and report the results of different analyses that quantify the reduction in the rock Vs and shear modulus values connected to the presence of clay and water. We also show that significant results in assessing seismic-induced slope failure susceptibility for land planning targets could be achieved through a careful evaluation, based only on literature studies, of the geo-lithological and geo-seismic features of the study area.
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Román-Herrera, José Carlos, Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces, and Julio Garzón-Roca. "Comparison between Machine Learning and Physical Models Applied to the Evaluation of Co-Seismic Landslide Hazard." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 8285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148285.
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A comparative methodology between advanced statistical tools and physical-based methods is carried out to ensure their reliability and objectivity for the evaluation of co-seismic landslide hazard maps. To do this, an inventory of landslides induced by the 2011 Lorca earthquake is used to highlight the usefulness of these methods to improve earthquake-induced landslide hazard analyses. Various statistical models, such as logistic regression, random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector machine, have been employed for co-seismic landslide susceptibility mapping. The results demonstrate that machine learning techniques using principal components (especially, artificial neural network and support vector machine) yield better results compared to other models. In particular, random forest shows poor results. Artificial neural network and support vector machine approaches are compared to the results of physical-based methods in the same area, suggesting that machine learning methods can provide better results for developing co-seismic landslide susceptibility maps. The application of different advanced statistical models shows the need for validation with an actual inventory of co-seismic landslides to ensure reliability and objectivity. In addition, statistical methods require a great amount of data. The results establish effective land planning and hazard management strategies in seismic areas to minimize the damage of future co-seismic landslides.
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Fabozzi, Stefania, Attilio Porchia, Tony Fierro, Edoardo Peronace, Alessandro Pagliaroli, and Massimiliano Moscatelli. "Seismic compression susceptibility in dry loose sandy and silty soil in a seismic microzonation perspective." Engineering Geology 264 (January 2020): 105324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105324.
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Mehta, Azad Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Prithvendra Singh, and Pijush Samui. "Modelling of Seismic Liquefaction Using Classification Techniques." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2021010102.
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Liquefaction susceptibility of soil is a complex problem due to non-linear behaviour of soil and its physical attributes. The assessment of liquefaction potential is commonly assessed by the in-situ testing methods. The classification problem of liquefaction is non-linear in nature and difficult to model considering all independent variables (seismic and soil properties) using traditional techniques. In this study, four different classification techniques, namely Fast k-NN (F-kNN), Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC), Decision Forest Classifier (DFC), and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), were used. The SPT-based case record was used to train and validate the models. The performance of these models was assessed using different indexes, namely sensitivity, specificity, type-I error, type-II error, and accuracy rate. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were plotted for comparative study. The results show that the F-kNN models perform far better than other models and can be used as a reliable technique for analysis of liquefaction susceptibility of soil.
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Simanjuntak, Andrean Vesalius Hasiholan, Yusran Yusran, Muksin Umar, and Rahmati Rahmati. "Analisis Kerentanan Seismik dan Model Vs30 Berdasarkan Survei Mikrotremor HVSR dan SPAC (Studi Kasus: Kota Banda Aceh)." Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi 12, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v12i2.324.
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ABSTRAK Banda Aceh dikategorikan sebagai kota besar yang rentan akan bahaya gempa bumi karena terletak pada sistem tektonik aktif yaitu Patahan Sumatra yang tersegmentasi yaitu Seulimeum di bagian timur dan Aceh di bagian barat. Aktivitas kedua segmen yang membangkitkan kegempaan lokal dapat memberikan potensi kerusakan besar pada masa mendatang. Potensi tersebut dapat dipelajari dengan analisis kerentanan seismik berdasarkan parameter mikrotremor seperti nilai frekuensi (f0), amplifikasi (A), kerentanan seismik (Kg) dan kecepatan geser (Vs30). Dalam studi ini, kami melakukan survei mikrotremor Horizontal Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) dan SPatial AutoCorrelation (SPAC) pada daerah Peukan Bada yang menjadi bagian Kota Banda Aceh. Sebanyak 19 titik HVSR dianalisis dengan perbandingan spektrum H/V dan 3 titik SPAC dianalisis dengan F-K analisis pada kurva dispersi gelombang rayleigh untuk mendaptkan nilai kecepatan geser pada kedalaman 30m (Vs 30). Hasil parameter yang diperoleh yaitu frekuensi 2.5 – 4 Hz dan periode 0 – 0.5 detik berasal dari formasi sedimen aluvial muda (Qh) yang terbentuk sejak Kenozoik. Amplifikasi tertinggi berada bagian barat dengan nilai > 1, sedangkan bagian barat nilai kecil < 1 karena dekat dengan formasi batuan gamping tersier (Murl). Sekitar 63% wilayah studi area sangat rentan terhadap gempabumi karena nilai indeks kerentanan yang tinggi dari formasi batuan lunak atau tidak kompak. Selain itu, Vs30 yang diperoleh berkisar pada nilai 200-250 m/s yang berasal dari formasi peralihan batuan lunak-keras. Kondisi tersebut membuat indeks kerentanan seismik bernilai cukup tinggi dan gelombang gempa bumi berpotensi dikuatkan karena melewati formasi batuan-batuan lunak. Hasil yang diperoleh dari studi ini diharapkan bisa menjadi pendukung mitigasi dan memahami kondisi geologi Banda Aceh dari segi kerentanan seismik.Kata kunci: mikrotremor, kerentanan seismik, Banda AcehABSTRACT Banda Aceh is categorized as a city that is prone to earthquake as it is located in an active tectonic system, named the Sumatran Fault, stretched from Seulimeum in the east and Aceh in the west. The activities of the two segments with its local seismicity can potentially caused major damage in the future. This potential can be studied by seismic susceptibility analysis based on microtremor parameters such as frequency (f0), amplification (A), seismic susceptibility (Kg) and shear velocity (Vs30). In this study, we conducted a HVSR and SPAC microtremor survey in the Peukan Bada at the outskirt of Banda Aceh. A total of 19 HVSR points were analyzed with a comparison of the H/V spectrum and 3 SPAC points analyzed by F-K analysis on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve to obtain the value of shear velocity at a depth of 30m (Vs 30). The parameter results obtained are a frequency of 2.5 - 4 Hz and a period of 0 - 0.5 seconds derived from the formation of young aluvial sediments (Qh) formed since Cenozoic. The highest amplification is in the western part with a value of> 1, whereas the western part has a small value <1 because it is close to the tertiary limestone (Murl) rock formation. About 63% of the study area is highly vulnerable to earthquakes due to the high susceptibility index values of soft or non-compact rock formations. In addition, the value of Vs 30 obtained is in the range of 200-250 m / s which is derived from the intermediate soft-hard rock formation. These conditions make the seismic vulnerability index is recorded as high enough and earthquake waves have the potential to be amplified as they pass through soft rock formations. The results from this study are expected to be a supporting for mitigation measurement and for having greater understanding to the geological conditions of Banda Aceh in terms of seismic vulnerability. Keywords: microtremor, seismic susceptibility, Banda Aceh
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Aka, Mfoniso U., Okechukwu E. Agbasi, Johnson C. Ibuot, and Mboutidem D. Dick. "ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE USING SEISMIC REFRACTION METHOD." Earth Science Malaysia 4, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2020.140.145.
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Seismic refractive survey is a very important geophysical technique used to investigate the characteristics of the subsurface. The rate of building collapse has demanded the acquaintance about the structure of the subsurface especially in area where lands are recovered from water bodies for the aim of building. This paper presents the technique used in determining the thickness of the overburden for quarry prospecting using a geophysical method called as seismic refraction method. Seismic refraction method was used to delineated two distinct layers with the first layer having a weak and incompetent parameter values. The result revealed that the first layer is composed of unconsolidated formation of soft geomaterials and peaty clay that depict the lower values of parameters. This layer is underlain directly by clay, wet sand and sandy clay of soft and weak incompetent consistencies to a depth of 7 m in the subsurface. The second layer was found to have higher parameters than the first layer. The second layer revealed that the geologic formation composed of dry sand and sandy clay of fair to good competent. The geologic formation in the second layer was found to be more competent than the first layer with high allowable capacity and low ultimate failure potential. Geologically, the composition of the first layer is more recent in age of deposition than the second layer, characterized by unconsolidated geologic formation.
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Hassanzadeh, Reza, Mehdi Honarmand, Mahdieh Hossienjani Zadeh, and Farzin Naseri. "New approaches to modelling of local seismic amplification susceptibility using direct characteristics of influencing criteria: case study of Bam City, Iran." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 1989–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1989-2019.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a new model in evaluating local seismic amplification susceptibility by considering direct characteristics of influencing criteria and it deals with uncertainty of modelling through production of fuzzy membership functions for each criterion. For this purpose, relevant criteria were identified by reviewing previous literature. These criteria include alluvial thickness, stiffness and strength of alluvial deposits, type of soil and particle size distribution of alluvial deposits, depth of groundwater, type of rock, topographic irregularities, slope, and type of bedrock. Two methods, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic (FL), were applied in order to define priority rank of each criterion and sub-criteria of each criterion through interview data of 10 experts. The criteria and sub-criteria were combined using the weighted linear combination method in GIS to develop a model for assessing local seismic amplification susceptibility in the study area of Bam City, Iran. The model's output demonstrated high to very high seismic amplification levels in central, eastern, northeastern, and northern parts of the study area. The validation results based on overall accuracy and kappa statistics showed 73.6 % accuracy, with 0.74 kappa indicating a good fit to the model's output. This model assists planners and decision makers in determining local seismic amplification susceptibility to be incorporated in designing new development plans of urban and rural areas and in making informed decisions regarding safety measures of existing buildings and infrastructures.
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Nian, Ting-kai, Xing-sen Guo, De-feng Zheng, Zong-xiang Xiu, and Zheng-bo Jiang. "Susceptibility assessment of regional submarine landslides triggered by seismic actions." Applied Ocean Research 93 (December 2019): 101964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2019.101964.
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Chen, Xiao-Li, Chun-Guo Liu, Lu Yu, and Chuan-Xiang Lin. "Critical acceleration as a criterion in seismic landslide susceptibility assessment." Geomorphology 217 (July 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.011.
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Carvalho, Joana F., Paula Teves-Costa, Luís Almeida, and Isabel Moitinho Almeida. "Seismic susceptibility map for Cascais County (Portugal): a simple approach." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 75, no. 3 (March 5, 2016): 1227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0863-9.
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Olshansky, Robert B. "The Role of Earthquake Hazard Maps in Loss Estimation: A Study of the Northridge Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 4 (November 1997): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585977.
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Local-scale seismic hazard maps are an important component of loss estimation because they provide information on possible site effects. This paper evaluates how well seismic hazard maps predicted damage in the Northridge earthquake. Normalizing for residential density, the research found that structures built on several geologic map units shown on pre-1994 hazard maps had significantly more damage than the area-wide average. Specifically, buildings on fine-grained Holocene alluvium, hillside bedrock, and “moderate” and “very high” liquefaction susceptibility zones were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to be damaged than the area average. Pipes were four times more likely to break in “very high” liquefaction susceptibility zones than in the area as a whole. The use of hazard maps in loss estimation can help state and local governments to set priorities in managing land use, enforcing building codes, conducting seismic strengthening programs for existing structures, and planning for emergency response and longterm recovery.
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Brenguier, F., M. Campillo, T. Takeda, Y. Aoki, N. M. Shapiro, X. Briand, K. Emoto, and H. Miyake. "Mapping pressurized volcanic fluids from induced crustal seismic velocity drops." Science 345, no. 6192 (July 3, 2014): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1254073.
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Volcanic eruptions are caused by the release of pressure that has accumulated due to hot volcanic fluids at depth. Here, we show that the extent of the regions affected by pressurized fluids can be imaged through the measurement of their response to transient stress perturbations. We used records of seismic noise from the Japanese Hi-net seismic network to measure the crustal seismic velocity changes below volcanic regions caused by the 2011 moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. We interpret coseismic crustal seismic velocity reductions as related to the mechanical weakening of the pressurized crust by the dynamic stress associated with the seismic waves. We suggest, therefore, that mapping seismic velocity susceptibility to dynamic stress perturbations can be used for the imaging and characterization of volcanic systems.
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Civico, R., C. A. Brunori, P. M. De Martini, S. Pucci, F. R. Cinti, and D. Pantosti. "Liquefaction susceptibility assessment in fluvial plains using airborne lidar: the case of the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence area (Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2015): 2473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2473-2015.
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Abstract. We report a case study from the Po River plain region (northern Italy), where significant liquefaction-related land and property damage occurred during the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence. We took advantage of a 1 m pixel lidar digital terrain model (DTM) and of the 2012 Emilia coseismic liquefaction data set to (a) perform a detailed geomorphological study of the Po River plain area and (b) quantitatively define the liquefaction susceptibility of the geomorphologic features that experienced different abundance of liquefaction. One main finding is that linear topographic highs of fluvial origin – together with crevasse splays, abandoned riverbeds and very young land reclamation areas – acted as a preferential location for the occurrence of liquefaction phenomena. Moreover, we quantitatively defined a hierarchy in terms of liquefaction susceptibility for an ideal fluvial environment. We observed that a very high liquefaction susceptibility is found in coincidence with fluvial landforms, a high-to-moderate liquefaction susceptibility within a buffer distance of 100 and 200 m from mapped fluvial landforms and a low liquefaction susceptibility outside fluvial landforms and relative buffer areas. Lidar data allowed a significant improvement in mapping with respect to conventionally available topographic data and/or aerial imagery. These results have significant implications for accurate hazard and risk assessment as well as for land-use planning. We propose a simple geomorphological approach for liquefaction susceptibility estimation. Our findings can be applied to areas beyond Emilia that are characterized by similar fluvial-dominated environments and prone to significant seismic hazard.
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Civico, R., C. A. Brunori, P. M. De Martini, S. Pucci, F. R. Cinti, and D. Pantosti. "Liquefaction susceptibility assessment in fluvial plains using high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: the case of the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence area (Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2015): 4527–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-4527-2015.
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Abstract. We report a case study from the Po River plain region (northern Italy), where a significant liquefaction-related land and property damage occurred during the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence. We took advantage of a 1 m pixel LiDAR Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and of the 2012 Emilia coseismic liquefaction dataset to: (a) perform a detailed geomorphological study of the Po River plain area, (b) quantitatively define the liquefaction susceptibility of the geomorphologic features that experienced different frequency of liquefaction. One main finding is that linear topographic highs of fluvial origin, together with crevasse splays and abandoned riverbeds, acted as preferential location for the occurrence of liquefaction phenomena. Moreover, we quantitatively defined a hierarchy in terms of liquefaction susceptibility for fluvial environments. We observed that a very high liquefaction susceptibility is found in coincidence with fluvial landforms, a high-to-moderate liquefaction susceptibility within a buffer distance of 100 and 200 m from mapped fluvial landforms and a low liquefaction susceptibility outside fluvial landforms and relative buffer areas. LiDAR data allowed a significant improvement in mapping with respect to conventional available topographic data and/or aerial imagery. These results have significant implications for accurate hazard and risk assessment as well as for land-use planning. We propose a potentially simpler approach for liquefaction susceptibility assessment with respect to in situ geotechnical investigations. Our findings can be applied to areas beyond Emilia, characterized by similar fluvial-dominated environments and prone to significant seismic hazard.
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Bariola, J., and M. A. Sozen. "Seismic Tests of Adobe Walls." Earthquake Spectra 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585557.
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The object of this investigation was to study the stability of adobe walls during earthquakes. Nine earthquake simulation tests were made to investigate the influence of the following variables: (1) type of ground motion, (2) slenderness (thickness/height ratio), (3) wall thickness. Dimensions of specimen ranged from: 0.2 × 1.2 × 1.4 m through 0.4 × 1.2 × 2.80 m. Six specimens were tested with a soft-soil ground motion and other five to stiff-soil ground motion. Behavior of all specimens was characterized by cracking at the base followed by rocking motion. Failure occurred by overturning (short specimens) or by upper-level cracking (tall specimens). An analytical model was successful in calculating the susceptibility of the walls to overturning. Experimental and analytical results indicated that failure depends primarily on ground motion acceleration level and wall slenderness.
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Xu, Kaijun, and Yaoguo Li. "Integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic, seismic, and well data to image volcanic units for oil-gas exploration in the eastern Junggar Basin, northwest China." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): SS113—SS127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0280.1.
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We carried out a multigeophysical data joint interpretation to image volcanic units in an area where seismic imaging is difficult due to complicated and variable volcanic lithology. The gravity and magnetic methods can be effective in imaging the volcanic units because volcanic rocks are often strongly magnetic and have large density contrasts. Gravity and magnetic data have good lateral resolution, but they are faced with challenges in defining the depth extent. Although seismic data make for poor imaging in volcanic rocks, they can provide a reliable stratigraphic structure above volcanic rocks to improve the vertical resolution of the gravity and magnetic method. We have developed an integrated interpretation method that combines the advantages of seismic, gravity, magnetic, and well data to generate a 3D quasigeology model to image volcanic units. We first use seismic data to obtain the stratigraphic boundaries, and then we apply an anomaly stripping method based on a seismic-derived structure to extract residual gravity and magnetic anomaly produced by volcanic rocks. We further perform the 3D gravity and magnetic amplitude inversion to recover the distribution of the density and effective susceptibility. We perform geology differentiation using the inverted density and effective magnetic susceptibility to identify the spatial distribution of four groups of volcanic units. The results show that the integrated interpretation of multigeophysical data can significantly decrease the uncertainty associated with any single data set and yield more reliable imaging of lateral and vertical distribution of volcanic rocks.
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Irvansyah, Rifqi, Ibnu Rusydy, and Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak. "A comparative analysis of seismic and tsunami fragility curves for school buildings in Banda Aceh coastal area." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234002003.
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The potential for a large disaster in Banda Aceh City requires that the school buildings to be highly resilient to the risks that may arise. One of the efforts to evaluate the performance of the building structure is by developing a fragility curve that shows the probability of damage to school buildings. For seismic susceptibility, the fragility curve is formed using the Incremental Dynamic Analysis method which uses historical earthquake data. As for tsunami susceptibility, the fragility curve is formed by reviewing the inundation heights that have occurred based on the data that have been available. The aim of this study is to elaborate the seismic and tsunami susceptibility of the typical school buildings that located in three coastal districts in Banda Aceh City. The summary results of this study indicate that it is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance of school buildings in the coastal area of Banda Aceh city so that they become strong buildings and are ready to be used if a large-scale disaster occurs.
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Zumpano, Veronica, Luca Pisano, Francesco Filice, Angelo Ugenti, Daniela de Lucia, Janusz Wasowski, Francesca Santaloia, and Piernicola Lollino. "Regional-Scale Seismic Liquefaction Susceptibility Mapping via an Empirical Approach Validated by Site-Specific Analyses." Geosciences 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050215.
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Regional-scale analyses of susceptibility to liquefaction are seldom performed in data-scarce areas. However, in spite of data limitations, such efforts can still provide useful information in case of populated, seismically active regions. The present work focuses on susceptibility zonation for soil liquefaction that might occur due to ground shaking in the Foggia Province, a data-scarce, seismically active area of about 7000 km2 located in southern Italy. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach is used to obtain the susceptibility to liquefaction map of the whole area, while a geological and geotechnical database including 531 boreholes from 84 localities is used for cross-validation. The data are processed by means of a simplified quantitative method to determine liquefaction potential and assess whether a specific area is prone to liquefaction or not. Our results, along with an AUC − ROC = 0.89 test value, indicate that there are widespread areas of medium to high and very high susceptibility, and that the most susceptible zones are localized along the Adriatic Sea coastline and watercourses. The final susceptibility to liquefaction map represents a step forward towards the assessment of secondary seismic hazard in the study area, thus supporting the regional and local administrations responsible for land-use planning and risk mitigation.
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Papathanassiou, G., S. Valkaniotis, Al Chaztipetros, and S. Pavlides. "LIQUEFACTION SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP OF GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11314.
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The basic goal of this study is the delineation of liquefaction susceptibility zones by correlating geological, geomorphological, seismological and past liquefaction occurrences information. A liquefaction susceptibility map should be used as a screening guide by decision makers for avoiding in advance prone to liquefaction areas. In order to compile this map, we took into consideration published data regarding the surficial distribution of geological units (IGME), the seismic hazard zonation in Greece as it is defined by the Earthquake Palling and Protection Organization and the distribution of historical liquefaction occurrences provided by the relatively database DALO v1.0 http://users.auth.gr/gpapatha/dalo.htm ). Initially, Quaternary age deposits were classified into categories of susceptibility based on their age and depositional process, having considered the designed value of acceleration. Afterwards, areas where past liquefaction occurrences were reported have been upgraded one level. The result obtained by this study is that as very high susceptibility zones are considered the coastal areas at the Ionian Islands and at the Gulf of Corinth
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Chen, Shuai, Lixin Wu, and Zelang Miao. "Regional seismic landslide susceptibility assessment considering the rock mass strength heterogeneity." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 14, no. 1 (December 8, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2022.2152392.
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Gadtaula, Arishma, and Subodh Dhakal. "Landslide susceptibility mapping using Weight of Evidence Method in Haku, Rasuwa District, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 58 (June 25, 2019): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v58i0.24601.
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The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake resulted in many other secondary hazards affecting the livelihoods of local people residing in mountainous area. Plenty of earthquake induced landslides and mass movement activities were observed after earthquake. Haku region of Rasuwa was also one of the severely affected areas by co-seismic landslides triggered by the disastrous earthquake. Statistics shows that around 400 families were relocated from Haku Post-earthquake (MoFA, 2015). A total of 101 co-seismic landslides were focused during the study and were verified during the fieldwork in Haku village. The conditioning factors used in this study were slope, aspect, elevation, curvature (plan and profile), landuse, geology and PGA. The conditioning factor maps were prepared in GIS working environment and further analysis was conducted with the assistance of Google earth. This study used Weight of Evidence (WoE), a bivariate statistical model and its performance was assessed. The susceptibility map was further characterized into five different classes namely very low, low, high, medium and very high susceptibility zones. The statistical analysis obtained from the results of the susceptibility map prepared by using WoE model gave the results that maximum area percentage of landslide distribution was observed in medium and high susceptibility classes i.e. 38% and 33% followed by very high (13%), low (10%) and very low classes (5.8%) About 25% of the total landslides are separated to validate the prepared model used in the landslide susceptibility zonation. The overlay method predicts the reliability of the model.
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Tohari, Adrin. "Seismic microzonation of soil amplification and liquefaction for Padang City." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015602008.
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The magnitude 7.6 MW earthquake that occurred on 30 September 2009 in West Sumatera caused significant damages to buildings in the city of Padang related to the phenomenon of amplification and liquefaction. This paper presents the results of the assessment and mapping of amplification and liquefaction, carried out in the coastal area of Padang City. Mapping of soil amplification was carried out in 250 locations using the HVSR microtremor method. Meanwhile, evaluation of the potential for liquefaction was carried out in 95 locations using a cone penetration test-based method. Based on the analysis, Padang City has five seismic susceptibility zonations. Coastal areas, including the sub-districts of Koto Tangah, North Padang, West Padang, and South Padang, are located in high to very high susceptibility to soil amplification and liquefaction. These results are in agreement with the phenomenon of building damage due to amplification and liquefaction during the 2009 earthquake.
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Kang, Kai, Andrey Ponomarev, Oleg Zerkal, Shiyuan Huang, and Qigen Lin. "Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Sochi Ski-Jump Area Using GIS and Numerical Modelling." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030148.
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The mountainous region of Greater Sochi, including the Olympic ski-jump complex area, located in the northern Caucasus, is always subjected to landslides. The weathered mudstone of low strength and potential high-intensity earthquakes are considered as the crucial factors causing slope instability in the ski-jump complex area. This study aims to conduct a seismic slope instability map of the area. A slope map was derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) and calculated using ArcGIS. The numerical modelling of slope stability with various slope angles was conducted using Geostudio. The Spencer method was applied to calculate the slope safety factors (Fs). The pseudostatic analysis was used to compute Fs considering seismic effect. A good correlation between Fs and slope angle was found. Combining these data, sets slope instability maps were achieved. Newmark displacement maps were also drawn according to empirical regression equations. The result shows that the static safety factor map corresponds to the existing slope instability locations in a shallow landslide inventory map. The seismic safety factor maps and Newmark displacement maps may be applied to predict potential landslides of the study area in the case of earthquake occurrence.
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Xie, J. C., R. Liu, H. W. Li, and Z. L. Lai. "Analysis of landslide hazard area in Ludian earthquake based on Random Forests." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-865-2015.
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With the development of machine learning theory, more and more algorithms are evaluated for seismic landslides. After the Ludian earthquake, the research team combine with the special geological structure in Ludian area and the seismic filed exploration results, selecting SLOPE(PODU); River distance(HL); Fault distance(DC); Seismic Intensity(LD) and Digital Elevation Model(DEM), the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) which based on remote sensing images as evaluation factors. But the relationships among these factors are fuzzy, there also exists heavy noise and high-dimensional, we introduce the random forest algorithm to tolerate these difficulties and get the evaluation result of Ludian landslide areas, in order to verify the accuracy of the result, using the ROC graphs for the result evaluation standard, AUC covers an area of 0.918, meanwhile, the random forest’s generalization error rate decreases with the increase of the classification tree to the ideal 0.08 by using Out Of Bag(OOB) Estimation. Studying the final landslides inversion results, paper comes to a statistical conclusion that near 80% of the whole landslides and dilapidations are in areas with high susceptibility and moderate susceptibility, showing the forecast results are reasonable and adopted.
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Konti, Christina, and Konstantinos I. Vatalis. "A Geospatial Assessment Framework of Seismic and Landslide Risk Using GIS." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.298302.
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Region of Epirus located in NW Greece, is an area, that many landslides are recorded every year and earthquakes had impact in the infrastructures and human’s life in the past. In order to assess the seismic and the landslide risk, a susceptibility map was created and validated based on the landslide recordings, using the Rock Engineering System (RES) method, buffer zones were also created for each fault that was selected and calculations using empirical mathematical formulas were used to examine the potential as well as the maximum and the average ground displacement and finally a geodatabase was developed. The landslide susceptibility map and buffer zones were examined in relation to the proximity of the settlements, the road network and the cultural monuments of the area and many useful conclusions were exported, as an initial effort of recording the built environment that could potentially be vulnerable and affected.
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Nath, S. K., and K. K. S. Thingbaijam. "Seismic hazard assessment – a holistic microzonation approach." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2009): 1445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1445-2009.
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Abstract. The probable mitigation and management issues of seismic hazard necessitate seismic microzonation for hazard and risk assessment at the local level. Such studies are preceded with those at a regional level. A comprehensive framework, therefore, encompasses several phases from information compilations and data recording to analyses and interpretations. The state-of-the-art methodologies involve multi-disciplinary approaches namely geological, seismological, and geotechnical methods delivering multiple perspectives on the prevailing hazard in terms of geology and geomorphology, strong ground motion, site amplification, site classifications, soil liquefaction potential, landslide susceptibility, and predominant frequency. The composite hazard is assessed accounting for all the potential hazard attributing features with relative rankings in a logic tree, fuzzy set or hierarchical concept.
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Sarsam, Saad Issa. "Suitability of Nondestructive Testing of Asphalt Concrete for Detecting the Impact of Moisture Damage." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v3i1.385.
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Asphalt pavement susceptibility to moisture damage is considered as a major issue in the durability and service life of the roadway. Quick and nondestructive testing of asphalt concrete pavement are the major concern for predicting its suitability for evaluation. In the present investigation, nondestructive test has been implemented to detect the moisture damage issue of asphalt concrete mixture. Asphalt concrete specimens were prepared using Marshall method. Aggregates gradation of wearing, binder and base course was implemented for the preparation of the specimens. Specimens were tested for ultrasonic pulse velocity before and after practicing the moisture damage procedure. The variations of seismic modulus among various gradation before and after the moisture damage were considered as a criterion for moisture damage and related to tensile strength ratio TSR. It was observed that the pulse velocity decline by a range of (11 to 16) for asphalt concrete after moisture damage. It was concluded that the Seismic modulus as calculated from the ultrasonic pulse velocity test was effective in distinguishing the impact of moisture damage. The seismic modulus at optimum asphalt content decline by (34.7, 46.7, and 52.6) % after moisture damage for wearing, binder, and base course mixtures respectively. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test is recommended for assessing the susceptibility of asphalt concrete mixture to moisture damage.
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Weaver, Konrad C., R. Arnold, C. Holden, J. Townend, and S. C. Cox. "A Probabilistic Model of Aquifer Susceptibility to Earthquake-Induced Groundwater-Level Changes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 1046–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180278.
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ABSTRACT A probabilistic model for earthquake-induced persistent groundwater-level response as a function of peak ground velocity (PGV) has been constructed using a catalog of monitoring well observations spanning multiple earthquakes. The regional-scale, multi-site, multi-earthquake investigation addresses the occurrence and absence of hydraulic responses to large earthquakes spanning almost a decade of seismic shaking. Persistent groundwater-level changes, or absences of change, have been quantified in 495 monitoring wells in response to one or more of 11 recent New Zealand earthquakes larger than Mw 5.4 that occurred between 2008 and 2017. A binary logistic regression model with random effects has been applied to the dataset using three predictors: earthquake shaking (PGV), degree of hydrogeological confinement (monitoring well depth), and rock strength (site-average shear-wave velocity). Random effects were included as a partial proxy for variations in monitoring wells’ susceptibilities to earthquake-induced persistent water-level changes. Marginal probabilities have been calculated as a function of PGV and related to modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) levels using a New Zealand-specific MMI–PGV relationship that enables the likelihood of persistent water-level changes to be expressed for MMIs of II–VIII. This study capitalizes on one of the largest catalogs of earthquake hydrological observations compiled worldwide and is the first attempt at incorporating seismic and hydrogeological factors in a common probabilistic description of earthquake-induced groundwater-level changes. This modeling framework provides a more generalizable approach to quantifying responses than alternative metrics based on epicentral distance, magnitude, and seismic energy density. It has potential to enable better comparison of international studies and to inform practitioners making engineering or investment decisions to mitigate risk and increase the resilience of water-supply infrastructure.
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Pérez-Martínez, Pardo-Pascual, Briceño, and Vidal. "Study of Natural Hazards in the Upper Part of the Mapocho River Basin, Metropolitan Region of Chile, Using Satellite Imagery." Proceedings 19, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019019004.
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The upper section of the Mapocho river basin is in constant danger of landslides. This study had the objective of zoning the upper Mapocho river basin for the susceptibility of landslides using hydrological, geological, and geomorphological data. Areas with a high degree of landslide susceptibility are located on the lower part of the main valleys as well as at the headwaters of the basins. Landslide events in the mountainous region of Central Chile are caused by two main factors: intense precipitation and seismic activity.
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Chung, Jae-Won, and J. David Rogers. "Landslide Susceptibility as a Function of Fluctuating Groundwater Levels and Seismic Loading." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 14, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2014.14.5.115.
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Tian, Shu Jun, and Ji Ming Kong. "Susceptibility Forecast of Geo-Hazard under the Conditions of Earthquake and Rainfall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1219.
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Large amount of loose deposits and potential geo-hazards were formed by Wenchuan earthquake, which would be transformed into collapses, landslide and debris flows under the condition of rainfall or aftershock. The paper divides influence factors into triggering factors and background factors, and constitutes susceptibility forecast system for geo-hazard based on factors in parallel or series. The background system contains stratum, distance to river, relief, slope and aspect of slope. And the triggering system includes distance to seismic fault and rainfall. The paper applies and verifies the system to forecast the susceptibility of geo-hazard in study area, and the result shows that 52 small watersheds are in extremely high and high states accounting for 37.68% in 138 small watersheds. According to the statistics of 23 geo-hazards from field investigation, 13 geo-hazards are in extremely high risk grade of susceptibility and 10 geo-hazards are in high risk grade of susceptibility, which shows that the result of susceptibility forecast of geo-hazard is reasonable.
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Acharya, Prabin, Keshab Sharma, and Indra Prasad Acharya. "Seismic Liquefaction Risk Assessment of Critical Facilities in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." GeoHazards 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards2030009.
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Kathmandu Valley lies in an active tectonic zone, meaning that earthquakes are common in the region. The most recent was the Gorkha Nepal earthquake, measuring 7.8 Mw. Past earthquakes caused soil liquefaction in the valley with severe damages and destruction of existing critical infrastructures. As for such infrastructures, the road network, health facilities, schools and airports are considered. This paper presents a liquefaction susceptibility map. This map was obtained by computing the liquefaction potential index (LPI) for several boreholes with SPT measurements and clustering the areas with similar values of LPI. Moreover, the locations of existing critical infrastructures were reported on this risk map. Therefore, we noted that 42% of the road network and 16% of the airport area are in zones of very high liquefaction susceptibility, while 60%, 54%, and 64% of health facilities, schools and colleges are in very high liquefaction zones, respectively. This indicates that most of the critical facilities in the valley are at serious risk of liquefaction during a major earthquake and therefore should be retrofitted for their proper functioning during such disasters.
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Vologina, E. G., M. Sturm, and Ya B. Radziminovich. "TRACES OF HIGH SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN THE UPPERMOST SEDIMENTS OF LAKE BAIKAL, SIBERIA." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 12, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 544–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2021-12-3-0538.
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Sedimentation in Lake Baikal is significantly affected by continuous seismic activity in the Baikal Rift Zone. Our study shows that historical earthquakes, as well as recent seismic events, considerably influenced sedimentation in this deep tectonic basin. Here we present some of the results of extensive international research activities during the period of 1996–2019. To identify traces of seismic events in the uppermost sediments (<1.5 m), short cores were recovered from many coring stations throughout the entire lake. Based on lithological descriptions, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, and concentration of inorganic and organic components, we identified earthquake indicators in the sediment cores. Impacts of historical earthquakes were traced within South Baikal (near the Sharyzhalgai Station and the Station 106-km of the Circum-Baikal railway, hereafter CBR) and Proval Bay (near the Selenga River delta).
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Tramboo, A. H., and T. Choudhury. "Seismic Performance Assessment of a Tall RC Building Retrofitted with Shear Walls." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.556.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are the most commonly constructed structural forms across the world, and equally common is its susceptibility to damage during any seismic activity. Thus, there is especially a need to correctly assess and study the behaviour of RC structures, particularly the tall RC buildings. Tall RC buildings are increasingly becoming popular nowadays because they provide abundant floor area, where the land available for construction is less due to the rapid urbanisation. The understanding of the seismic performance of such buildings makes the seismic retrofitting procedures convenient and optimal to use. Seismic retrofitting measures are present in plenty for RC structures, each of which is used according to the need or the damage level incurred in the structure or its components. The present study thus focusses on a G+14 tall reinforced concrete (RC) building that was severely damaged during the 2015 Nepal Earthquake and was being retrofitted located at the Hattiban area in Nepal. As recommended in the recently developed guidelines for tall RC structures in IS 16700, the use of a 3D computer model is necessary for the seismic analysis and structural safety assessment of tall buildings. Thus, seismic performance is assessed using the structural analysis program SAP2000 for non-linear analysis of the considered structure. Further, seismic fragilities at specific damage levels are also determined.
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Ramzanee, Noh Muhammad M., Rambat Shuib, and Halim Ida A. Sharmiza. "GIS based seismic vulnerability assessment in tourist attractions area: a case study in Bukit Tinggi, Pahang, Malaysia." Disaster Advances 15, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1504da01012.
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To decrease the impact of an earthquake, it is critical to analyse the risk by assessing the hazard and vulnerability ahead of time. The goal of this study is to examine the seismic susceptibility of the Bukit Tinggi area and then categorise it based on the degree of risk. Eleven indicators belonging to different group parameters were used in this study. Final seismic vulnerability maps of the Bukit Tinggi area demonstrate a pattern of vulnerability degree with 12% of the area designated as very low vulnerability, 26% as low vulnerability, 35% as moderate vulnerability, 25% as high vulnerability and 7% as very high vulnerability. The findings of this research provide preliminary information on the seismic risk in the study region which may be useful to stakeholders in developing mitigation methods and risk-informed development plans for Bukit Tinggi's community resilience.
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Jena, Ratiranjan, Biswajeet Pradhan, and Abdullah M. Alamri. "Susceptibility to Seismic Amplification and Earthquake Probability Estimation Using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Model in Odisha, India." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155355.
Full textAbstract:
The eastern region of India, including the coastal state of Odisha, is a moderately seismic-prone area under seismic zones II and III. However, no major studies have been conducted on earthquake probability (EPA) and hazard assessment (EHA) in Odisha. This paper had two main objectives: (1) to assess the susceptibility of seismic wave amplification (SSA) and (2) to estimate EPA in Odisha. In total, 12 indicators were employed to assess the SSA and EPA. Firstly, using the historical earthquake catalog, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and intensity variation was observed for the Indian subcontinent. We identified high amplitude and frequency locations for estimated PGA and the periodograms were plotted. Secondly, several indicators such as slope, elevation, curvature, and amplification values of rocks were used to generate SSA using predefined weights of layers. Thirdly, 10 indicators were implemented in a developed recurrent neural network (RNN) model to create an earthquake probability map (EPM). According to the results, recent to quaternary unconsolidated sedimentary rocks and alluvial deposits have great potential to amplify earthquake intensity and consequently lead to acute ground motion. High intensity was observed in coastal and central parts of the state. Complicated morphometric structures along with high intensity variation could be other parameters that influence deposits in the Mahanadi River and its delta with high potential. The RNN model was employed to create a probability map (EPM) for the state. Results show that the Mahanadi basin has dominant structural control on earthquakes that could be found in the western parts of the state. Major faults were pointed towards a direction of WNW–ESE, NE–SW, and NNW–SSE, which may lead to isoseismic patterns. Results also show that the western part is highly probable for events while the eastern coastal part is highly susceptible to seismic amplification. The RNN model achieved an accuracy of 0.94, precision (0.94), recall (0.97), F1 score (0.96), critical success index (CSI) (0.92), and a Fowlkes–Mallows index (FM) (0.95).