Academic literature on the topic 'SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY'
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Journal articles on the topic "SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY"
1
Srinivasan, R. "Geology and Seismic Susceptibility of Chennai City." Journal of the Geological Society of India 97, no. 11 (November 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1890-0.
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., C. Ravi Kumar Reddy. "ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RC BUILDINGS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 28 (December 25, 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0328008.
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Lv, Wei, and Lihong Zhang. "The Seismic Response of Ultra-High Voltage Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012065.
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Abstract As an important part of the substation, the seismic capacity of ultra-high voltage (UHV) electrical equipment is related to the safe and stable operation of the substation and the whole power grid. The UHV gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) have many structural characteristics, such as long pipeline distance, the large span between supports and the obvious amplification effect of supports. Its natural frequency is close to the predominant frequency of the seismic wave, resulting in its susceptibility to resonance or resonance-like and high seismic susceptibility. In order to analyze the seismic performance of UHV GIL better, the vibration mode decomposition response spectrum method and the dynamic time-history analysis method are used to analyze the seismic response of UHV GIL in this paper. The search for seismic weak positions of GIL is a reference for effectively improving the seismic performance of UHV GIL.
4
Chen, Xiao-li, Xin-jian Shan, Ming-ming Wang, Chun-guo Liu, and Na-na Han. "Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040198.
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On 8 August 2017 an earthquake (MS7.0) occurred within Jiuzhaigou County, Northern Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, triggering 4834 landslides with an individual area greater than 7.8 m2 over a more than 400 km2 region. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the coseismic landslide distribution pattern, this study has attempted to reveal the control from seismic landslide susceptibility mapping, which relies on the calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model. We calculated the average critical acceleration for each cell of the gridded study area (1 km×1 km), which represented the seismic landslide susceptibility of the cell. An index of the potential landslide area generation rate was defined, i.e., the possible landsliding area in each grid cell. In combination with PGA (peak ground acceleration) distribution, we calculated such indexes for each cell to predict the possible landslide hazard under seismic ground shaking. Results show that seismic landslide susceptibility plays an important role in determining the coseismic landslide pattern. The places with high seismic landslide susceptibility tends to host many landslides. Additionally, the areas with high potential landslide area generation rates have high real landslide occurrence rates, consistent with dominant small-medium scale landslides by this earthquake. This approach can aid assessment of seismic landslide hazards at a preliminary stage. Additionally, it forms a foundation for further research, such as the rapid evaluation of post-earthquake landslides and identifying highly impacted areas to help decision makers prioritize disaster relief efforts.
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Kolawole, F., C. S. Johnston, C. B. Morgan, J. C. Chang, K. J. Marfurt, D. A. Lockner, Z. Reches, and B. M. Carpenter. "The susceptibility of Oklahoma’s basement to seismic reactivation." Nature Geoscience 12, no. 10 (September 16, 2019): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0440-5.
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Som, S. K., P. Dasarwar, Murali Mohan, J. N. Hindayar, N. Thrideep Kumar, S. N. Chowdhuri, G. S. Darmwal, and Harbans Singh. "Comparing seismic susceptibility models of the Himalayan terrain." Journal of Seismology 20, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 827–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9562-z.
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Yamaguchi, Shui, and Mio Kasai. "A new index representative of seismic cracks to assess post‐seismic landslide susceptibility." Transactions in GIS 26, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 1040–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12900.
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Fang, Haoran, Yun Shao, Chou Xie, Bangsen Tian, Yu Zhu, Yihong Guo, Qing Yang, and Ying Yang. "Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry for Post-Earthquake Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Jiuzhaigou." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 9228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189228.
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Earthquakes cause a huge number of landslides and alter the regional landslide risk distribution. As a result, after a significant earthquake, the landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) must be updated. The study goal was to create seismic landslide susceptibility maps containing landslide causative variables which are adaptable to great changes in susceptibility after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake (MS 7.0) and to perform a rapid update of the LSM after the earthquake by means of the distributed scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DS-InSAR) technique. We selected the territory of Jiuzhaigou County (southwestern China) as the study region. Jiuzhaigou is a world-renowned natural heritage and tourist area of great human and ecological value. For landslide susceptibility mapping, we examined the applicability of three models (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest) for landslide susceptibility mapping and offered a strategy for updating seismic landslide susceptibility maps using DS-InSAR. First, using logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest techniques, susceptibility models of seismic landslides were built for Jiuzhaigou based on twelve contributing variables. Second, we obtained the best model parameters by means of a Bayesian network and network search, while using five-fold cross-validation to validate the optimized model. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the SVM model and RF model had excellent prediction capability and strong robustness over large areas compared with the LR models. Third, the surface deformation in Jiuzhaigou was calculated using DS-InSAR technology, and the deformation data were adopted to update the landslide susceptibility model using the correction matrix. The correction of deformation data resulted in a susceptibility class transition in 4.87 percent of the research region. According to practical examples, this method of correcting LSMs for the continuous monitoring of surface deformation (DS-InSAR) was effective. Finally, we analyze the reasons for the change in the revised LSM and point out the help of ecological restoration in reducing landslide susceptibility. The results show that the integration of InSAR continuous monitoring not only improved the performance of the LSM model but also adapted it to track the evolution of future landslide susceptibility, including seismic and human activities.
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Taufik, Imam. "RAPID SEISMIC SCREENING PADA JEMBATAN DI KABUPATEN PATI MENGGUNAKAN METODE FILIATRAULT." Jurnal HPJI 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jhpji.v9i1.6440.49-56.
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Abstract
Indonesia is a country that has a very high level of vulnerability to earthquakes. However, it is very rare for bridges in rural areas or in sub-districts to be evaluated or screened. As a result, many bridges are prone to damage when seismic earthquakes occur, even though bridges are an important infrastructure for the village for the village's economic progress. This research was conducted with the aim of conducting a quick seismic inspection of the bridge and obtaining a priority order for bridge repair using the Seismic Vulnerability Index (SVI) method. The analysis was carried out on the sample, which consisted of 4 bridges located in Pati Regency. The results of the SVI analysis show that of the 4 observed bridges, the Tanjang Bridge has the highest Seismic Vulnerability Index, so it is recommended that this bridge get the first repair priority.
Keywords: earthquake; earthquake prone; bridge; Seismic Susceptibility Index; improvement priority
Abstrak
Indonesia merupakan suatu negara yang mempunyai tingkat kerawanan terhadap gempa bumi yang sangat tinggi. Namun, sangat jarang jembatan-jembatan yang berada di perdesaan atau di kecamatan dievaluasi atau dilakukan screening. Akibatnya, banyak jembatan yang rawan rusak saat terjadi peristiwa gempa bumi seismik padahal jembatan merupakan suatu infrastruktur penting bagi desa untuk kemajuan ekonomi desa tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan seismik jembatan secara cepat dan mendapatkan urutan prioritas perbaikan jembatan dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Kerentanan Seismik (SVI). Analisis dilakukan terhadap sampel, yang terdiri atas 4 jembatan yang terletak di Kabupaten Pati. Hasil analisis SVI menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat jembatan yang diamati, Jembatan Tanjang mempunyai Indeks Kerentanan Seismik yang paling tinggi, sehingga jembatan ini direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan prioritas perbaikan yang pertama.
Kata-kata kunci: gempa bumi; rawan gempa; jembatan; Indeks Kerentanan Seismik; prioritas perbaikan
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Tanyaş, Hakan, Dalia Kirschbaum, and Luigi Lombardo. "Capturing the footprints of ground motion in the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced landslides." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 4323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02238-x.
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AbstractThe coupled effect of earthquakes and rainfall is rarely investigated in landslide susceptibility assessments although it could be crucial to predict landslide occurrences. This is even more critical in the context of early warning systems and especially in cases of extreme precipitation regimes in post-seismic conditions, where the rock masses are already damaged due to the ground shaking. Here, we investigate this concept by accounting for the legacy of seismic ground shaking in rainfall-induced landslide (RFIL) scenarios. We do this to identify whether ground shaking plays a role in the susceptibility to post-seismic rainfall-induced landslides and to identify whether this legacy effect persists through time. With this motivation, we use binary logistic regression and examine time series of landslides associated with four earthquakes occurred in Indonesia: 2012 Sulawesi (Mw = 6.3), 2016 Reuleut (Mw = 6.5), 2017 Kasiguncu (Mw = 6.6) and 2018 Palu (Mw = 7.5) earthquakes. The dataset includes one co-seismic and three post-seismic landslide inventories for each earthquake. We use the peak ground acceleration map of the last strongest earthquake in each case as a predisposing factor of landslides representing the effect of ground shaking. We observe that, at least for the study areas under consideration and in a probabilistic context, the earthquake legacy contributes to increase the post-seismic RFIL susceptibility. This positive contribution decays through time. Specifically, we observe that ground motion is a significant predisposing factor controlling the spatial distribution of RFIL in the post-seismic period 110 days after an earthquake. We also show that this effect dissipates within 3 years at most.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY"
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Balal, Onur. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment For Earthquake Induced Landslides." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615453/index.pdf.
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Earthquake-induced slope instability is one of the major sources of earthquake hazards in near fault regions. Simplified tools, such as Newmark&rsquos Sliding Block (NSB) Analysis are widely used to represent the stability of a slope under earthquake shaking. The outcome of this analogy is the slope displacement where larger displacement values indicate higher seismic slope instability risk. Recent studies in the literature propose empirical models between the slope displacement and single or multiple ground motion intensity measures such as peak ground acceleration or Arias intensity. These correlations are based on the analysis of large datasets from global ground motion recording database (PEER NGA-W1 Database). Ground motions from earthquakes occurred in Turkey are poorly represented in NGA-W1 database since corrected and processed data from Turkey was not available until recently. The objective of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of available NSB displacement prediction models for the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) applications in Turkey using a comprehensive dataset of ground motions recorded during earthquakes occurred in Turkey. Then the application of selected NSB displacement prediction model in a vector-valued PSHA framework is demonstrated with the explanations of seismic source characterization, ground motion prediction models and ground motion intensity measure correlation coefficients. The results of the study is presented in terms of hazard curves and a comparison is made with a case history in Asarsuyu Region where seismically induced landslides (Bakacak Landslides) had taken place during 1999 Dü
zce Earthquake.
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Kraft, Jason Edmund. "Development of liquefaction susceptibility and hazard maps for the islands of Jamaica and Trinidad." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47676.
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Caribbean nations lie within a zone of distinct seismic hazard. While ground motion in the region has been analyzed, the potential for liquefaction has not been evaluated in most cases. In order to evaluate liquefaction, data describing soil composition, surficial geology, and seismic hazard analyses were collected and applied. This allowed for expansion of previously localized liquefaction analysis to be expanded to the extents of two island nations in the Caribbean.
This thesis utilizes the Youd and Perkins (1978) qualitative liquefaction susceptibility and Holzer et al. (2011) liquefaction probability methodologies to evaluate the possibility of liquefaction in Trinidad and Jamaica during major seismic events. Maps were developed using geographic information system (GIS) data to compare susceptibility and hazard across the islands at varying levels of magnitude. In this way, the distribution of liquefiable deposits is displayed in a manner that can be used quickly and easily to motivate further study of susceptible regions and mitigation activities to reduce the risk posed by liquefaction in the countries.
3
Andersson, Magnus. "3D Structure and Emplacement of the Alnö Alkaline and Carbonatite Complex, Sweden : Integrated Geophysical and Physical Property Investigations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248113.
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Carbonatites are carbonate-rich magmatic rocks that are rare and of great relevance for our understanding of crustal and mantle processes. Although found on all continents and in settings ranging from Archaean to present-day, their deeper plumbing system is still poorly understood. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to broaden the existing knowledge of carbonatite systems, often limited to surface geological observations, by providing depth constraints using a number of geophysical methods and petrophysical measurements. The Alnö alkaline and carbonatite complex in central Sweden was chosen for this purpose. Data from three reflection seismic lines, ground gravity and magnetic measurements are presented. These data are complemented by a series of petrophysical measurements, including ultrasonic velocities, density, magnetic bulk susceptibility, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), and magnetic remanence, to aid in the interpretation of the geophysical data. The reflection seismic data indicate a solidified saucer-shaped fossil magma chamber at about 3 km depth. Caldera-style volcanism, constrained by surface geological observations, provides a plausible scenario to explain the emplacement of the complex, suggesting that carbonatite magmas have been stored, transported and erupted in a similar manner to known emplacement mechanisms for silicic calderas, although these are compositionally different. The AMS data from most of the carbonatite sheets in Alnö show a strong degree of anisotropy and oblate-shaped susceptibility ellipsoids. A set of syn- and post-emplacement processes that may control the AMS signature is evaluated based on the dataset. Overprinting of the primary flow patterns by processes related to sheet closure at the terminal stage of magma transport may explain the AMS observations. A complementary study using 3D inversion of ground gravity and aeromagnetic data was then carried out to better delineate the 3D internal architecture of the complex. Resulting models indicate a depth extent of the complex to about 3-4 km, consistent with the interpretation of the reflection seismic data. The modelling results of a ring-shaped magnetic anomaly observed in the Klingefjärden bay adjacent to Alnö Island further suggest that the complex may extend laterally about 3 km towards the north.
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Maly, Mascimiliano de Los Santos. "Avaliação da técnica de eletrorresistividade no mapeamento de sedimentos rasos associados a ocorrência de gás no Saco do Mamanguá e na Enseada de Paraty-Mirim." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-10102017-174424/.
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A constante pressão exercida sobre os ambientes costeiros por parte das diferentes atividades humanas, em conjunto com novas necessidades relacionadas a estudos ambientais particularmente no que diz respeito à geração de gases de efeito estufa em sedimentos marinhos, têm gerado uma crescente demanda por conhecimento dos processos de geração, acúmulo e liberação desses gases. Dado esse desafio, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações de ferramentas geofísicas que forneçam informações além das propriedades acústicas do meio. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação do método eletrorresistivo no mapeamento estratigráfico e na detecção de feições geoelétricas indicativas da presença de gás em sedimentos rasos. Para isso, foram analisadas seções geoelétricas adquiridas no Saco do Mamanguá e na Enseada de Paraty-Mirim por meio da comparação com perfis sísmicos de alta resolução e da medição de resistividade em amostras de sedimentos. Nessas amostras foi simulada a presença de bolhas de gás e analisada a variação da resistividade com a diminuição da salinidade da água intersticial. Observou-se que um volume de bolhas de 0,20% do volume total é suficiente para aumentar em um fator de 1,8 a resistividade de uma amostra saturada em água do mar. Também verificou-se que a resistividade medida é dependente da resistividade da água intersticial. Medidas de susceptibilidade magnética mostraram, neste local, que a variação da resistividade não é devida a variações mineralógicas. As seções geoelétricas mostraram boa correlação com os perfis sísmicos até 9 m de profundidade a partir da superfície da água, onde ocorre uma camada geoelétrica de resistividade <0,35 Ohm.m. Nessa profundidade, observa-se uma interface entre camadas de resistividade elétrica possivelmente causada por uma mudança no teor de água ou de matéria orgânica. Essa interface coincide com o topo da turbidez acústica produzida pela presença de gás.Given the constant pressure exerted over coastal environments by different human activities, in addition to the need for more knowledge concerning environmental issues, particularly with respect to greenhouse gases generation in marine sediments have generated an increasing demand for more information regarding the generation, accumulation and seepage of these gases. Faced with this challenge, there is a necessity to develop new applications to geophysical tools that provide more information than merely the acoustic properties of the medium. This work aims to the evaluation of the geoelectric method in stratigraphic mapping and the detection of geoelectric features of shallow gas. For that purpose, geoelectric sections acquired in the ria of Saco do Mamanguá and Paraty-Mirim were compared with high resolution seismic profiles and resistivity measurements in sediment samples. Presence of gas bubbles inside the sedimentary matrix was simulated and resistivity variation analyzed against the decrease of interstitial water salinity. It was observed that a bubble volume of 0.20% of the total volume is sufficient to increase the resistivity by a factor of 1.8. It was also confirmed that the sample resistivity is dependent on interstitial water resistivity. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that resistivity variation is not due to mineralogical variations. The geoelectric sections showed good correlation with the seismic profiles up to 9 m depth from the water surface, where occurs a geoelectric layer of resistivity <0.35 Ohm.m. At this depth, it is observed an interface between resistivity layers possibly caused by a change in water or organic matter content. This interface matches the top of the acoustic turbidity produced by shallow gas occurrences.
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MERCURIO, Claudio. "Landslides susceptibility stochastic modelling under earthquakes and rainfalls triggering: applications to 2001 earthquakes (13th January and 13th February) and 2009 tropical storm (IDA/96E) in El Salvador." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/574407.
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Roberts, Julia Nicole. "Direct in-situ evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25844.
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Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction that occurs within the built environment is responsible for billions of dollars of damage to infrastructure and loss of economic productivity. There is an acute need to accurately predict the risk of soil liquefaction as well as to quantify the effectiveness of soil improvement techniques that are meant to decrease the risk of soil liquefaction. Current methods indirectly measure the risk of soil liquefaction by empirically correlating certain soil characteristics to known instances of surficial evidence of soil liquefaction, but these methods tend to overpredict the risk in sands with silts, to poorly predict instances of soil liquefaction without surface manifestations, and fail to adequately quantify the effectiveness of soil improvement techniques.
Direct in-situ evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility was performed at a single site at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) in Imperial Valley, California, in March 2012. The project included a CPT sounding, crosshole testing, and liquefaction testing. The liquefaction testing involved the measurement of water pressure and ground particle motion under earthquake-simulating cyclic loading conditions. The objective of this testing technique is to observe the relationship between shear strain in the soil and the resulting generation of excess pore water pressure. This fundamental relationship dictates whether or not a soil will liquefy during an earthquake event.
The direct in-situ evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility approach provides a more accurate and comprehensive analysis of the risks of soil liquefaction. It also has the ability to test large-scale soil improvements in-situ, providing researchers an accurate representation of how the improved soil will perform during a real earthquake event. The most important results in this thesis include the identification of the cyclic threshold strain around 0.02% for the WLA sand, which is very similar to results achieved by other researchers (Vucetic and Dobry, 1986, and Cox, 2006) and is a characteristic of liquefiable soils. Another key characteristic is the 440 to 480 ft/sec (134 to 146 m/s) shear wave velocity of the soil, which are well below the upper limit 656 ft/sec (200 m/s) and an indication that the soil is loose enough for soil liquefaction to occur. The third significant point is that the compression wave velocity of the sand is greater than 4,500 ft/sec (1,370 m/s), indicating that it is at least 99.9% saturated and capable of generating large pore water pressure due to cyclic loading. These three conditions (cyclic threshold strain, shear wave velocity, and compression wave velocity) are among the most important parameters for characterizing a soil liquefaction risk and must all be met in order for soil liquefaction to occur.text
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Lin, Po-Wei, and 林柏維. "The Effect of Cumulative Horizontal Seismic Acceleration on Landslide susceptibility with Logistic Regression Model." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52518279559216322567.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
98
Taiwan is located in the Western Pacific typhoon zone, and typhoons and its inducing heavy rains often result in different scale of landslides. Hence, rainfall and other hydrologic factors, as well as special geographic, geologic factors in Taiwan are selected as landslide factors. Even though, the topic about thousands of earthquakes a year might increase the probability and scale of landslides is seldom cared about by researchers. Therefore, this study assumes that every earthquake will affect the geological structure, causes structural damages and uses cumulative horizontal seismic acceleration to represent the cumulative energy of earthquakes. That is to consider the potential earthquake damage Not destruction of the external to explore the effect of earthquakes on landslides. Is it possible that seismic factor can increase the accuracy of landslide susceptibility model? This research will discuss about it. To understand how the seismic factor influences the landslide susceptibility model, we collected all landslides area after Typhoon Aere in 2004, which is used as a baseline of landslide. We also collected Cumulate Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration of sixteen events of seismic disasters from 1991 to 2004 in Taiwan, the DEM from SWCB in 2004 and average annual rainfall from 2000 to 2004. In this study, we investigate eleven factors of landslides. And, GIS and Logistic regression are used to get two landslide susceptibility models, which are carried out with and without seismic factor. Meanwhile, five kinds of test methods such as classification error matrix, likelihood ratio test, analogous R2 index, simple statistical indicators and the ROC curve are calculated to determine how the seismic factor affect the landslide susceptibility model. Then, the landslide data in 2003 and 2006, and Shihmen Reservoir landslide locations after Typhoon Sinlaku in 2008 are collected to evaluate the accuracy of landslide susceptibility model. Finally, the spatial distribution of landslide in Taiwan are plotted and compared with the result of Logistic regression, and exploration of the relation between landslide and landslide factors. The result showed that the landslide susceptibility model which adds seismic factor is better on predicting the occurrence of landslide. So it showed that the assessment of the landslide susceptibility with historical data must consider the effect of the seismic factor to avoid misjudge the occurrence of landslide in earthquake-prone area.
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VISHWAKARMA, ADITYA. "ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN IRREGULARLY PLANNED SETBACK STRUCTURE WITH A SOFT STOREY ON SLOPING TERRAIN AND PLAIN TERRAIN." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19972.
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The construction of multi-story setback buildings with soft storey, or open ground floor,
is in high demand and becoming more and more popular. This effort decreases the
setback configuration's vertical stability and the lateral load resisting system's rigidity.
When a building is supported on sloping land, there are several possibilities for short
and long columns inside the same structure. During earthquake shaking, all columns
and floor slabs at every level move horizontally by the same amount, which may result
in structural damage. In this study, an attempt is made to examine the seismic
performance of setback buildings standing on flat ground as well as on a slope, with
soft storey layout. ETABS, a widely used software programme, was used to analyse
simple 3-D frames of SETBACK structures. Using the study findings several graphs
were drawn for like base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, displacement, rotation
about z axis are developed for both terrains i.e. plain and sloping. To create a technical
expertise two identical structure were examined on both terrains. All the modelled
structures with open ground storey have been analysed using two distinct methods:
equivalent static force technique, response spectrum method. To counteract this soft
storey impact and the severe reactions, mitigation approaches have been implemented,
and the most effective of these mitigation techniques is provided.
Book chapters on the topic "SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY"
1
Cudmani, Roberto. "Soil Liquefaction: Mechanism and Assessment of Liquefaction Susceptibility." In Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities, 485–97. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_41.
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Che, Ailan, Hanxu Zhou, Jinchang Chen, Yuchen Wu, and Ziyao Xu. "Seismic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on Seismic Ground Motion and Earthquake Disaster Analysis." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Performance Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Beijing 2022), 327–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11898-2_17.
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Heron, Charles, Stuart Haigh, and Gopal Madabhushi. "Susceptibility of Shallow Foundation to Rocking and Sliding Movements During Seismic Loading." In Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Structures, 407–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00458-7_23.
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Liu, Jian Guo, Philippa J. Mason, Eric Yu, Meng-Che Wu, Tang Chuan, Huang Runqiu, and Liu Hanhu. "Earthquake Damage Zone GIS Modelling: A Modulation Between Co-Seismic Deformation and Landslide Susceptibility." In Landslide Science and Practice, 269–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_35.
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Velapgy, Madhu Mohan, and E. S. M. Suresh. "Geo-Factor Inference Modelling with Empirical Susceptibility Weights Approach for GIS-Based Seismic Hazard Mapping of Thiruvananthapuram City." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 433–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1459-3_35.
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Wasowski, Janusz, Vincenzo Del Gaudio, Domenico Casarano, Piernicola Lollino, and Sandro Muscillo. "Local Scale Seismic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on Historic Earthquake Records Combined with Accelerometer Monitoring and Ambient Noise Data." In Earthquake-Induced Landslides, 11–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9_2.
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Ahmad, Mahmood, Xiaowei Tang, Feezan Ahmad, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, Ahsan Nawaz, and Asim Farooq. "Elucidation of Seismic Soil Liquefaction Significant Factors." In Earthquakes - From Tectonics to Buildings. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97278.
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The paper develops a framework to analyze the interactions among seismic soil liquefaction significant factors using the interpretive structural model (ISM) approach based on cone penetration test. To identify the contextual relationships among the significant factors, systematic literature review approach was used bearing in mind the selection principle. Since multiple factors influence seismic soil liquefaction, determining all factors in soil liquefaction would be extremely difficult, as even a few seismic soil liquefaction factors are not easy to deal with. This study highlighted two main characteristics of seismic soil liquefaction factors. First, the seismic soil liquefaction factors–peak ground acceleration F2 (amax), equivalent clean sand penetration resistance F5 (qc1Ncs), and thickness of soil layer F11 (Ts) influenced soil liquefaction directly and were located at level 2 (top level) in the ISM model, meaning they require additional seismic soil liquefaction factors except thickness of soil layer F11 (Ts) to collaboratively impact on soil liquefaction potential. The multilevel hierarchy reveals that depth of soil deposit F10 (Ds) is formed the base of ISM hierarchy. Secondly, Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliqués à un classement (MICMAC) analysis has been employed for evaluating these identified factors in accordance with driving power and dependence power. Factors with a higher driving power should be given special consideration. Autonomous soil liquefaction factors have no reliance on other soil liquefaction factors and interfere less. In order to identify the significant factors that affect seismic soil liquefaction susceptibility, the model built in this study clearly illustrates the complex relationships between factors and demonstrates the direct and indirect relationships.
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Miao, Zelang, Minghui Pu, Yueguang He, Ke Li, Renfeng Peng, Shuai Chen, Changbo Jiang, Bin Deng, and Zhibin He. "Evaluation of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility by Integrating Statistical Learning Model and Newmark Model—A Case Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210171.
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Whether it can quickly and effectively predict the susceptibility of regional earthquake landslides to achieve rapid rescue, loss assessment and post-disaster reconstruction has always been a difficult problem. However, the traditional high-precision evaluation of seismic landslide susceptibility often relies heavily on the complete or incomplete landslide inventory, which is poor in timeliness and cannot effectively evaluate the target area before or shortly after the earthquake. In most cases, the Newmark model relies on experts’ experience to select model parameters, therefore the evaluation result of this method is unstable and it lacks strong generalization ability. A fused model is proposed to classify the positive and negative training samples of the study area through the evaluation results of the Newmark model under the slope units, and it applies a variety of statistical learning models to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the classification results of the Newmark model. The results show that the evaluation of the statistical learning model fused with the Newmark model has higher accuracy. This method can overcome the inherent shortcomings of a single Newmark model to obtain better evaluation results without relying on obtaining the complete landslide inventory. Meanwhile, the model can be applied to quickly obtain the evaluation results of regional landslide susceptibility before or shortly after the earthquake, thereby effectively reducing human and economic losses caused by earthquake landslides.
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Ghani, Sufyan, and Sunita Kumari. "Liquefaction susceptibility of high seismic region of Bihar considering fine content." In Basics of Computational Geophysics, 105–20. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820513-6.00012-6.
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Miao, T., and M. Wang. "Can co-seismic landslide susceptibility predict subsequent landslides after major earthquake?" In Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, 141–46. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18559-24.
Full textConference papers on the topic "SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY"
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Tao, Shu, Deyong Hu, Dongjian Xue, and Jian Lian. "Landslide susceptibility assessment in active seismic zone—With a case study of Wenchuan." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5650140.
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Hitchcock, Christopher, Stuart Nishenko, Chih-Hung Lee, Joseph Sun, Sean Sundermann, Mark Zellman, and Robert Givler. "GIS-Based Seismic Hazard Mapping for Pipeline Integrity Management." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10351.
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Geographic information systems (GIS) technology enables sophisticated, numerical-based mapping of earthquake hazards, including liquefaction and landslide susceptibility, on a regional basis for pipeline systems. Existing earthquake hazard mapping was integrated with interpretation of topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and geotechnical data to update an earthquake hazard database for Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s California Gas Transmission (CGT), as part of the CGT Pipeline System Integrity program. The regionally consistent, map-based database covering CGT’s pipeline system in northern California allows for modeling of possible pipeline impacts from moderate to large earthquakes. GIS-based modeling that incorporates the hazard mapping is a powerful tool for planning and emergency response purposes. Specifically, near real-time models of possible pipeline damage locations can be derived from internet-based groundshaking records (USGS ShakeMap) produced after earthquakes. Scenario-based models of earthquake impacts from possible earthquakes can be used for planning purposes.
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Gershtein, Mark. "Rehabilitation of Pipelines in Seismic Regions." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1935.
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The susceptibility of oil and gas pipelines to seismic damage has been demonstrated in earthquakes everywhere around the world. The latest examples of the dangerous failures are the ruptures of gas pipelines caused by Los-Angeles earthquake 1994 and oil pipelines caused by Sakhalin earthquake 1995. A significant part of oil and gas pipelines were designed some decades ago. Earthquake design specifications acting today are more restrictive than before. That is why pipelines built more than ten years ago are of major concern to managers and engineers. Basic approaches to the aseismic design of new pipelines and retrofitting of buried pipes and above-ground transmission pipelines and piping systems located in high risk seismic regions represent the main topic of the paper. A realistic assessment of earthquake damage potentials is needed to develop construction and retrofitting procedures. Supporting this type of constructing and rehabilitation activity for pipelines requires a better definition of key input parameters like area seismicity, the identification and characterization of ground moving hazards. The nonlinear approach for predicting spatial bending, torsion, and upheaval buckling of curved pipeline is applied for stress and stability analysis of buried pipelines under operational and seismic loading. The example of calculations useful for retrofit design of pipelines is given. An experience of damping devices application to mitigate seismic movement of above-ground pipelines has demonstrated an excellent ability to prevent damages during earthquake and operational dynamic loading. These devices are useful for above-ground pipeline retrofitting. To reduce uncertainty regarding the ability of a pipe to continue to hold pressure after seismic damages and retrofitting measures, it is important to develop the test programs, which should include investigations of buried and above-ground pipeline samples.
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Zaleski, Martin, Gerald Ferris, and Alex Baumgard. "Near-Real-Time Seismic Monitoring for Pipelines." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78013.
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Earthquake hazard management for oil and gas pipelines should include both preparedness and response. The typical approach for management of seismic hazards for pipelines is to determine where large ground motions are frequently expected, and apply mitigation to those pipeline segments. The approach presented in this paper supplements the typical approach but focuses on what to do, and where to do it, just after an earthquake happens. In other words, we ask and answer: “Is the earthquake we just had important?”, “What pipeline is and what sites might it be important for?”, and “What should we do?” In general, modern, high-pressure oil and gas pipelines resist the direct effects of strong shaking, but are vulnerable to large co-seismic differential permanent ground displacement (PGD) produced by surface fault rupture, landslides, soil liquefaction, or lateral spreading. The approach used in this paper employs empirical relationships between earthquake magnitude, distance, and the occurrence of PGD, derived from co-seismic PGD case-history data, to prioritize affected pipeline segments for detailed site-specific hazard assessments, pre-event resiliency upgrades, and post-event response. To help pipeline operators prepare for earthquakes, pipeline networks are mapped with respect to earthquake probability and co-seismic PGD susceptibility. Geological and terrain analyses identify pipeline segments that cross PGD-susceptible ground. Probabilistic seismic models and deterministic scenarios are considered in estimating the frequency of sufficiently large and close causative earthquakes. Pipeline segments are prioritized where strong earthquakes are frequent and ground is susceptible to co-seismic PGD. These may be short-listed for mitigation that either reduces the pipeline’s vulnerability to damage or limits failure consequences. When an earthquake occurs, pipeline segments with credible PGD potential are highlighted within minutes of an earthquake’s occurrence. These assessments occur in near-real-time as part of an online geohazard management database. The system collects magnitude and location data from online earthquake data feeds and intersects them against pipeline network and terrain hazard map data. Pipeline operators can quickly mobilize inspection and response resources to a focused area of concern.
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Cao, W., S. Durucan, J. Q. Shi, and A. Korre. "Slip Tendency Evaluation of Fracture Systems Associated with Seismicity at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field, Iceland." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0372.
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ABSTRACT An understanding of fracture slip susceptibility in geothermal reservoirs is central to the control of fluid injection induced seismicity. To investigate the role of regional fracture systems on induced seismicity, a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model containing fracture networks, which features direct coupling between different physics for the rock matrix, fractures, and their interactions, as well as indirect coupling through changes of material properties, such as stress-dependent rock and fracture permeabilities, was developed. The model was applied to simulate the geothermal fluid extraction and re-injection over a 10-year period (2011-2021) at the Hellisheiði geothermal field, utilising field recorded monthly production and re-injection rates. Based on the model results, the slip tendency of regional fracture systems was examined under reservoir conditions before and after the start of fluid re-injection. Results have shown that fracture networks act as preferential fluid flow paths that influence fluid pressure and stress distribution and fracture slip tendency in geothermal reservoirs. NE-SW and N-S trending fractures are susceptible to slippage before the start of fluid re-injection, and the distribution of fractures with enhanced slip tendency shifts from surrounding the re-injection region at the onset of fluid re-injection, to a two-lobed pattern in the fault-normal direction around the re-injection region in the long term. INTRODUCTION Fluid extraction and injection-induced seismicity has become a major concern for deep geothermal exploitation. A clear understanding of the complex coupled behaviour involved in the geothermal fluid extraction and cold fluid re-injection process is crucial to mitigate against induced seismicity. In industrial geothermal operations, regional fracture systems that form preferential fluid flow pathways have a significant impact on heat extraction efficiency (Shi et al. 2019). Regional fracture systems also exert fundamental controls on the induced seismic occurrence (Jiang et al. 2022). The slip-tendency analysis for fractures provides a rapid evaluation of stress in terms of its potential to cause slip, or seismic susceptibility in seismic-prone regions (Morris et al. 1996; Moeck et al. 2009). However, fractures implemented in coupled numerical models have mostly been simplistic major fractures (Salimzadeh et al. 2018; Chen et al. 2022) or statistically generated discrete fractures (Gan and Elsworth 2016; Li et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019; Sun et al. 2021), rather than field realistic fracture systems. On the other hand, conventional seismic susceptibility evaluation methods for realistic fracture systems or fault structures, such as deterministic and probabilistic fault slip potential analysis, were solely based on fluid overpressure, rather than coupled numerical models that reflect other causal mechanisms such as poroelastic and thermoelastic stressing (Walsh III and Zoback 2016; Hennings et al. 2021).
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Kazemian, Sina, Hiral Vara, and Andrew White. "Comparison of In Situ Field Test and Laboratory Test Results for Assessment of Static and Seismic Liquefaction Susceptibility of a Tailings Dam." In Ninth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484548.022.
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Honegger, Douglas G., Mujib Rahman, Humberto Puebla, Dharma Wijewickreme, and Anthony Augello. "Definition of Lateral Spread Displacement for Regional Risk Assessments of Pipeline Vulnerability." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31354.
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Terasen Gas Inc. (Terasen) operates a natural gas supply and distribution system situated within one of the zones of the highest seismic activity in Canada. The region encompasses significant areas underlain by marine, deltaic, and alluvial soil deposits, some of which are considered to be susceptible to liquefaction and large ground movements when subjected to earthquake ground shaking. Terasen undertook an assessment of seismic risks to its transmission and key intermediate pressure pipelines in the Lower Mainland in 1994 [1]. The seismic assessment focused on approximately 500 km of steel pipelines ranging from NPS 8 to NPS 42 and operating at pressures from 1900 to 4020 kPa. The 1994 risk assessment provided the basis for detailed site-specific assessment and seismic upgrade programs to retrofit its existing system to reduce risks to acceptable levels. While the general approach undertaken in 1994 remains technically sound, advancements have been made over the past 15 years in the understanding of earthquake hazards and their impact on pipelines. In particular, estimates of the earthquake ground shaking hazard in British Columbia as published by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have recently been updated and incorporated into the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). In addition, empirical methods of estimating lateral spread ground displacements have been improved as new case-history information has become available. Given these changes, Terasen decided in 2009 to reexamine the seismic risk to Terasen’s pipelines. The scope of the updated seismic risk study was expanded over that in 1994 to include pipelines on Vancouver Island and the Interior of British Columbia. For regional assessments, estimates of lateral spread displacements are necessarily based upon empirical formulations that relate displacement to variables of earthquake severity (earthquake magnitude and distance), susceptibility to liquefaction (density, grain size, fines content), and topography (distance from a river bank or ground slope). Implementing empirical formulae with the results of probabilistic seismic hazard calculations is complicated by the fact that the empirical approach requires earthquake magnitude and distance, as a parametric couple, to be related to the ground shaking severity. However, but such a relationship does not exist in the estimates of mean or modal earthquake magnitude and distance disaggregated from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This paper presents an overview of the approach to regional risk assessment undertaken by Terasen and discusses the unique approach adopted for determining lateral spread displacements consistent with the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
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Lai, Carlo G., Daniele Conca, Claudia Meisina, Roberta Bonì, and Francesca Bozzoni. "Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction risk: macrozonation of the European territory taking into account exposure." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0627.
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<p>Among natural hazards, earthquakes claim a large number of casualties and economical losses each year around the globe. Excessive deformations of ground surface caused by earthquakes are of great concern in civil engineering, human lives and the environment. Such ground deformations are often associated with a phenomenon of soil instability called earthquake-induced soil liquefaction. Earthquake induced liquefaction disasters at a continental scale are currently addressed within the European research project LIQUEFACT. The University of Pavia (UNIPV) and the European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE) are currently in charge for the definition of a European liquefaction risk map in the European territory (macrozonation). It is worth noting that liquefaction is a local phenomenon, thus the macrozonation of liquefaction risk at a continental scale is a challenge. This paper presents the preliminary deliverables of this activity, i.e. the maps for the European territory of liquefaction risk, computed by convolving soil susceptibility, expected seismic hazard and exposure.</p>
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Johnson, Clayton, Stephen Schmidt, Justin Taylor, and John deLaChapelle. "Geospatial Database Development: Supporting Geohazard Risk Assessments Through Real-Time Data and Geospatial Analytics." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87139.
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Abstract TC Energy owns and operates over 32,000 miles of natural gas pipelines within 38 states in the United States, a sizable portion of which crosses through terrain highly susceptible to geologic hazards. To better support geohazard risk management, TC Energy has implemented a customized web-based geohazard platform (GeoForce) to identify, inventory, and track geohazards across their U.S. pipeline system. The platform was built within the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Enterprise environment and leverages a diverse amount of ESRI product offerings. The platform is hosted on ArcGIS Portal and includes multiple custom apps and dashboards which allow users to efficiently view, summarize, add, and update geohazard data. Another key component of the system is a connection to ArcGIS GeoEvent Server. GeoEvent Server allows for the delivery of near real-time geohazard threat notifications through emails and dashboards (i.e., seismic events, flooding, precipitation). The notifications also provide detailed information for the sections of the system affected by the event, and in the case of a seismic event, a suggested course of action in alignment with TC Energy procedures. ArcGIS Image Server was leveraged to host over 4 terabytes of LiDAR imagery which can be used in concert with the other geohazard datasets present in the database. Custom geospatial scripts were also developed to create a near real-time link between the GeoForce master database and TC Energy’s master data mart, asset information, regulatory, and other organizational data. These scripts flag and report where spatial and/or attribute data have changed or may no longer be valid and therefore require follow-up action to support risk management (e.g., when pipelines are abandoned, HCAs are updated, or pipe properties are updated). The scripts also store the centerline attribute changes in a table for further review to identify potential trends. The GeoForce database is also built as a launching platform for proactive analytics, and eventually predictive analytics for critical precipitation thresholds for landslide risk management, landslide susceptibility mapping, system-wide risk scoring, seismic events and ILI bending strain coincident with geohazards. Details related to the threat alerts that are issued by the geospatial system are stored and visualized in a PowerBI integration. With the incorporation of ArcGIS Notebook Server, algorithms will be developed that will review the historical threat repository that is being generated and issue threat alerts based on probability of a hazardous event occurring in proximity of the pipeline system.
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Masinde, Abiud, Cleophas Simiyu, Innocent Murunga, George Muia, Aaron Waswa, and Justus Barongo. "A Preliminary Assessment of the Hydrocarbon Potential of Kerio Valley Basin: Gravity and Magnetic Interpretation." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2546156-ms.
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ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Kerio Basin in the Kenya Rift. An Isostatically corrected anomaly map produced from a Bouguer anomaly grid was filtered using a Hanning low pass filter of order 2 to remove low wavelengths. Four profiles were extracted from the grid to give 1D interpretation along straight lines. Magnetic grid was corrected for IGRF, diurnal, filtered using a 1 Hz low pass 10km Hanning filter to reduce noise, later, reduced to equator to place all anomalies directly over underlying sources and make anomalies less complicated. Tilt derivative of the magnetic grid was used to estimate depth to basement. The residual analytic signal anomaly map derived from the magnetic grid was used to capture the response of existing near surface magnetic signatures even the reversely magnetized ones. Kerio basin is characterised by low gravity anomalies ranging between 35mGals to −100mGals related to variations in quantities of sediments deposited. Gravity profiles show that sediment thickness gradually increases to the south where we expect hydrocarbon accumulation. The magnetic anomaly map reveals low susceptibility rocks of between −20nT to −200nT to the south of the basin. Magnetic tilt depth indicates sediment thickness of 2.0-3.5Km above the basement. This corresponds to both gravity and magnetic interpretation of the same area. Integration of these data with seismic and other constraints may help gauge the hydrocarbon potential and reduce exploration uncertainty in the southern area of the Kerio Basin.
Reports on the topic "SEISMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY"
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Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, Steven Kramer, Jonathan Stewart, Kristin Ulmer, and Katerina Ziotopoulou. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.
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Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for ground failure and its impact on infrastructure systems. This workshop was dedicated to the first of these steps, which often plays a critical role in delineating risk for soil deposits with high fines contents and clay-silt-sand mixtures of negligible to moderate plasticity. The workshop was hosted at Oregon State University on September 8-9, 2022 and was attended by 49 participants from the research, practice, and regulatory communities. Through pre-workshop polls, extended abstracts, workshop presentations, and workshop breakout discussions, it was demonstrated that leaders in the liquefaction community do not share a common understanding of the term “susceptibility” as applied to liquefaction problems. The primary distinction between alternate views concerns whether environmental conditions and soil state provide relevant information for a susceptibility evaluation, or if susceptibility is a material characteristic. For example, a clean, dry, dense sand in a region of low seismicity is very unlikely to experience triggering of liquefaction and would be considered not susceptible by adherents of a definition that considers environmental conditions and state. The alternative, and recommended, definition focusing on material susceptibility would consider the material as susceptible and would defer consideration of saturation, state, and loading effects to a separate triggering analysis. This material susceptibility definition has the advantage of maintaining a high degree of independence between the parameters considered in the susceptibility and triggering phases of the ground failure analysis. There exist differences between current methods for assessing material susceptibility – the databases include varying amount of test data, the materials considered are distinct (from different regions) and have been tested using different procedures, and the models can be interpreted as providingdifferent outcomes in some cases. The workshop reached a clear consensus that new procedures are needed that are developed using a new research approach. The recommended approach involves assembling a database of information from sites for which in situ test data are available (borings with samples, CPTs), cyclic test data are available from high-quality specimens, and a range of index tests are available for important layers. It is not necessary that the sites have experienced earthquake shaking for which field performance is known, although such information is of interest where available. A considerable amount of data of this type are available from prior research studies and detailed geotechnical investigations for project sites by leading geotechnical consultants. Once assembled and made available, this data would allow for the development of models to predict the probability of material susceptibility given various independent variables (e.g., in-situ tests indices, laboratory index parameters) and the epistemic uncertainty of the predictions. Such studies should be conducted in an open, transparent manner utilizing a shared database, which is a hallmark of the Next Generation Liquefaction (NGL) project.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort, and O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329795.
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Induced (anthropogenic) earthquakes are caused by reactivation of pre-existing faults due to human activities, including hydraulic fracturing and saltwater disposal. The Montney play, the pre-eminent shale gas play in Canada, contains localized regions with relatively high geological susceptibility to induced seismicity. Identification of potential seismogenic structures is hindered because published fault maps in the Montney play are often focused on small areas, leading to inconsistencies when these are compiled across the region. We have developed a regional framework based on structural corridors: complex, multi-strand faults systems. A three-step structural interpretation workflow was used, including seismic and structural interpretation along with trend surface analysis (TSA). This approach was used to identify 34 structural corridors in NE BC and NW Alberta.