Journal articles on the topic 'Seismic Shaking'
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1
Monastersky, Richard. "Shaking up Seismic Theory." Science News 141, no. 9 (February 29, 1992): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976199.
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Nouchi, E., N. G. Wariyatno, A. L. Han, and B. S. Gan. "Comfort-based Criteria for Evaluating Seismic Strengthening Performance of Building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1195, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1195/1/012002.
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Abstract In modern seismic design and technologies, the building’s seismic-resistant based on non-collapse plastic deformation. According to the periodical reports of the Japan Meteorological Agency, the number of people injured due to strong earthquakes is much higher than the number of deaths. Also, the number of buildings collapsed is less than the partly damaged buildings. The report also concludes that human injuries or deaths are not a result of the collapsed building. Human injuries or deaths are due to shakings when strong earthquakes strike the building. The cause of human casualties is the collapse of non-structural elements such as ceilings, bookshelves, or machinery appliances. The report implies that the buildings designed by the latest revised seismic standards have good earthquake resistance but fail to protect human casualties. Present works proposed comfort-based criteria for evaluating the quantitative shaking of buildings. The use of comfort-based criteria is demonstrated in evaluating the strengthening case studies selection processes. The study revealed that, in general, the seismic strengthening of a building by using bracings is not effective in reducing the shaking of the building. The proposed method highly recommends using shaking quantity criteria as an evaluation tool in the seismic strengthening design of buildings to select the best output in decision-making.
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Xianfeng, Ma, Wang Guobo, Wu Jun, and Ji Qianqian. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Response of Subway Station in Soft Ground." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 05 (December 2017): 1750020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500208.
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Shaking table tests were conducted on typical models of subway structures subjected to several seismic shaking time histories to study seismic response of subway structures in soft ground as well as to provide data for validation of seismic design methods for underground structure. Three types of tests were presented herein, namely green field test, subway station test, and test for joint structure between subway station and tunnel. The similitude and modeling aspects of the 1g shaking table test are discussed. The seismic response of Shanghai clay in different depths was examined under different input waves to understand the acceleration amplification feature in both green field and in the presence of underground structure. Damage situation was checked on internal sections of both subway station and tunnels by halving the model structure. Structure deformation was investigated in terms of element strain under different earthquake loadings. The findings from this study provides useful pointers for future shaking table tests on underground structures/facilities, and the seismic response characteristic of underground structure derived from the shaking table test could be helpful for validating seismic design method for subway station.
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Huang, Fu Yun, Zi Ming Fang, and Jian Zhong Li. "Performance of Earthquake Simulation Three Bi-Axial Shaking Tables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 518 (February 2014): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.518.178.
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The shaking tables array is the prospective development direction in engineering structural anti-seismic researching field, and which can provide a powerful seismic testing platform. In this paper, the performance of three bi-axial shaking tables array at Fuzhou University was introduced. The trails of bare tables, fully inertial payload shaking tables as well as partly payload shaking tables with elastic structures were conducted. The testing reveals that the shaking tables array system of Fuzhou University has a perfect performance of compliance, coherence and synchronization, which are accepted the required.
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Dai, Jian-Bo, Gui-Di Zhang, Cheng-Tao Hu, and Kai-Kai Cheng. "Study on Synthesis Method of Multipoint Seismic Waves for Buried Oil and Gas Pipeline in Shaking Table Tests." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4624871.
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The buried oil and gas pipeline is a linear structure with infinite length. In the shaking table test of its seismic response, it is necessary to input the spatially related multipoint seismic wave considering the propagation characteristics of ground motion. The multipoint seismic excitation shaking table tests and loading scheme of buried oil and gas pipelines are designed and formulated. The synthesis method of spatial correlation multipoint seismic wave for the buried oil and gas pipeline test is proposed in this study. The values of relevant parameters are analyzed, and corresponding program is compiled by MATLAB. The results show that the developed multipoint excitation shaking table seismic wave input scheme is reasonable. At the same time, the synthesized multipoint seismic wave based on the actual seismic record and artificial random simulation seismic wave can meet the test requirements, which suggests the testing effect is good.
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Mesri, Gholamreza, Marawan Shahien, and Thierno Kane. "Seismically induced settlement of ground experiencing undrained shaking and laterally constrained compression." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 2 (February 2019): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0419.
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A method is proposed for estimating seismically induced settlement of saturated sands experiencing undrained shaking and laterally constrained compression. An empirical relationship is developed between the seismic coefficient of vertical compression, mvs, and standard penetration test blow count, N60, as a function of factor of safety against liquefaction, Fℓ, based on data interpreted from 18 sets of laboratory cyclic direct simple shear tests and 23 cases of field observations of seismic liquefaction. The proposed method is compared with seismic settlement observed at 78 sites subjected to 7.1–8.0 magnitude earthquakes, and with predictions by the previous well-known methods of settlement analysis for undrained shaking. For silty–clayey sands, the significant effect of the plasticity of fines on seismic settlement is illustrated. The use of pre- or post-earthquake penetration resistance for back-analyses of field seismic settlement observations is examined. A tentative correction factor is suggested for seismic settlement estimated based on the assumption of undrained shaking and laterally constrained compression for liquefied saturated sublayers at small distances from drainage boundaries or under buildings with small breadths, which may experience volumetric compression during ground shaking.
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Berril, J. B., R. O. Davis, and I. F. McCahon. "Christchurch seismic hazard pilot study." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 31, 1993): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.26.1.14-27.
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A pilot zoning study has been carried out for ground shaking hazard in the city of Christchurch, using the grade-3 procedures of the draft manual on seismic zonation for geotechnical hazards, being developed by Technical Committee TC-4 of the ISSMFE. Because of limited site data, we were not able to produce a complete zoning map for the city, but ground motions were estimated at six distinct sites for which borehole data was available, and this provided a good test for the procedures of the manual.
The city of Christchurch is situated on nearly 1 km of volcanic rock and alluvial sediments overlying greywacke basement, on the edge of the main seismic region of New Zealand. In addition to being an interesting site from the point of view of ground shaking, there are also liquefaction and slope stability hazards in the alluvial and beach sands found throughout the city, and in the recent loess deposits mantling the adjacent Port Hills.
In the pilot study of ground shaking hazard, a seismicity model for the central South Island region published recently by Elder et al. (1991) was combined with the attenuation model of Kawashima et al. (1984) recommended in the draft manual, to estimate rock motion at Christchurch, described by its acceleration response spectrum. Transfer functions were computed for the site response to estimate motions at the six selected sites using the Thomson-Haskell method. The results were highly sensitive to details of. the upper 30 m or so of the soil profile. In the local context, the large disparity between our estimates of ground shaking at Christchurch and those implicit in the draft revision of NZS 4203 are disturbing. According to our study the draft code underestimates shaking by about a factor of two or more.
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Xiong, Wei, Ming Ren Yan, and Yao Zhuang Li. "Geotechnical Seismic Isolation System - Further Experimental Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1490.
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The isolation effectiveness of the Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) system was further investigated via a series of prescribed shaking-table tests. The dynamic response of GSI system was also evaluated in detail of this work. A parametric study for assessment of the isolation performance of GSI was conducted by varying experimental key parameters, such as rubber percentage of rubber-sand mixtures (RSM), configuration of the foundation, storey number of the superstructure, and different kinds of seismic acceleration inputs. From the parametric survey, it can be concluded that the GSI system can to some extent attenuate the dynamic response of the superstructure under big earthquake shakings.
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Akers, Stuart W., and Cary A. Mitchell. "Seismic Stress Effects on Reproductive Structures of Tomato, Potato, and Marigold." HortScience 20, no. 4 (August 1985): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.4.684.
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Abstract Periodic seismic (shaking) stress influenced the growth of sexual and asexual reproductive structures of three cultivated species. It delayed anthesis of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Patio’ but not of Tagetes erecta L. ‘Jubilee’ or Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Kennebec’. Shaken ‘Jubliee’ marigold plants produced the same number of flowers as undisturbed plants, but flowers of shaken plants were smaller. In contrast, seismicstressed ‘Patio’ tomato produced fewer buds and flowers, but fruit set was enhanced relative to that of controls. Seismic stress also reduced tuber weight of ‘Kennebec’ potato, whereas tuber number was unaffected. The overall effect of seismic stress was to reduce the growth of reproductive structures and, in some cases, the number of reproductive structures that developed.
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Towhata, Ikuo, Md Jahangir Alam, Tsuyoshi Honda, and Satoshi Tamate. "Model tests on behaviour of gravity-type quay walls subjected to strong shaking." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 42, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.42.1.47-56.
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Seismic stability of gravity-type quay walls and prevention of their large distortion are of major concern from a disaster prevention view point as well as in the sense of successful restoration after strong seismic events. There are, however, many existing walls which are of limited seismic resistance and would not be safe under increasing magnitude of design earthquakes. The present study conducted shaking model tests in both 1-g and 50-g centrifugal fields in order to demonstrate the efficiency of available mitigation technologies. Test results suggest that soil improvement in the loose foundation sand can reduce the quay wall damage to a certain extent when the intensity of shaking is around 0.30g. In contrast, under stronger shaking, the centrifugal tests manifested that those measures are not promising because of the increased effects of seismic inertia force.
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Sun, Laite, Zhengcong Lai, and Yu Bai. "Research on Seismic Wave Delay and Amplification Methods in the Shaking Table Test of Large-Span Structures in Mountain Areas." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 6728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116728.
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The traveling wave and slope amplification effects should be considered in the shaking table test of large-span structures in mountain areas. Based on the structural characteristics and site conditions of a large-span structure in a mountain area, this paper designed a high-rise steel frame structure with viscous dampers through finite element analysis to amplify seismic waves with a time delay. Then, the original structure and steel frame models with a similarity ratio of 1/40 were made for shaking table tests. The test results showed that a high-rise steel frame structure with reasonable viscous dampers could delay and amplify seismic waves, and the scaled model of the structure could play the same role in shaking table tests. Meanwhile, by comparing the seismic responses of large-span structural models in mountain areas before and after the amplification of seismic wave delays, it was found that the delay and amplification of seismic waves had little impact on the acceleration response of the structure. In contrast, the seismic wave delay played a dominant role in the change in the structural displacement response.
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Tsukamoto, Y., K. Ishihara, S. Sawada, and S. Fujiwara. "Settlement of Rigid Circular Foundations during Seismic Shaking in Shaking Table Tests." International Journal of Geomechanics 12, no. 4 (August 2012): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000153.
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Tanyaş, Hakan, Dalia Kirschbaum, and Luigi Lombardo. "Capturing the footprints of ground motion in the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced landslides." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 4323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02238-x.
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AbstractThe coupled effect of earthquakes and rainfall is rarely investigated in landslide susceptibility assessments although it could be crucial to predict landslide occurrences. This is even more critical in the context of early warning systems and especially in cases of extreme precipitation regimes in post-seismic conditions, where the rock masses are already damaged due to the ground shaking. Here, we investigate this concept by accounting for the legacy of seismic ground shaking in rainfall-induced landslide (RFIL) scenarios. We do this to identify whether ground shaking plays a role in the susceptibility to post-seismic rainfall-induced landslides and to identify whether this legacy effect persists through time. With this motivation, we use binary logistic regression and examine time series of landslides associated with four earthquakes occurred in Indonesia: 2012 Sulawesi (Mw = 6.3), 2016 Reuleut (Mw = 6.5), 2017 Kasiguncu (Mw = 6.6) and 2018 Palu (Mw = 7.5) earthquakes. The dataset includes one co-seismic and three post-seismic landslide inventories for each earthquake. We use the peak ground acceleration map of the last strongest earthquake in each case as a predisposing factor of landslides representing the effect of ground shaking. We observe that, at least for the study areas under consideration and in a probabilistic context, the earthquake legacy contributes to increase the post-seismic RFIL susceptibility. This positive contribution decays through time. Specifically, we observe that ground motion is a significant predisposing factor controlling the spatial distribution of RFIL in the post-seismic period 110 days after an earthquake. We also show that this effect dissipates within 3 years at most.
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Bathurst, Richard J., Saman Zarnani, and Andrew Gaskin. "Shaking table testing of geofoam seismic buffers." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 4 (April 2007): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.08.003.
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Xiong, Wei, Hing Ho Tsang, S. H. Lo, Shou Ping Shang, Hai Dong Wang, and Fang Yuan Zhou. "Geotechnical Seismic Isolation System - Experimental Study." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4449.
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In this study, an experimental investigation program on a newly proposed seismic isolation technique, namely “Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) system”, is conducted with an aim of simulating its dynamic performance during earthquakes. The testing procedure is three-fold: (1) A series of cyclic simple shear tests is conducted on the key constituent material of the proposed GSI system, i.e., rubber-sand mixture (RSM) in order to understand its behavior under cyclic loadings. (2) The GSI system is then subjected to a series of shaking table tests with different levels of input ground shakings. (3) By varying the controlling parameters such as percentage of rubber in RSM, thickness of RSM layer, coupled with the weight of superstructure, a comprehensive parametric study is performed. This experimental survey demonstrates the excellent performance of the GSI system for potential seismic hazard mitigation.
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Xiaowu, Pu, Wang Lanmin, Wang Ping, Chai Shaofeng, and Xu Shiyang. "A Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Seismic Stability of Loess Slope Based on the Shaking Table Model Test." Shock and Vibration 2021 (December 3, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587489.
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The large-scale shaking table model test, which can directly reproduce the process of slope instability and failure, is an important technical means for the prediction and evaluation of slope seismic stability. However, up to now, the systematic slope stability evaluation method based on the shaking table slope model test has not been established, which limits the application of the expensive shaking table model test in slope seismic design. Therefore, the slope stability evaluation method based on the model test needs to be developed and innovated. In this research, through three loess slope model tests with different rainfall, according to the change law of the peak value of transfer function spectrum, combined with the macrodestructive characteristics of the slope model, an accurate calculation method of the critical instability acceleration of the slope is proposed. Based on the behavior similarity theory, for the shaking table model test of slope whose soil cohesion cannot meet the similarity ratio, the reduction method of applying the critical instability acceleration obtained from the model test to prototype slope is proposed. Based on first-order natural frequency and damping ratio extracted from the TF spectrum curve, a calculation method for the stability factor Fs of loess slope based on the shaking table model test is proposed, and the stability factors of loess slope under the action of different seismic ground motion would be quantitatively calculated. The above methods provide another effective way for qualitative prediction and evaluation of seismic stability of loess slope.
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Ferdosi, Behnam, Michael James, and Michel Aubertin. "Numerical simulations of seismic and post-seismic behavior of tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 1 (January 2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0345.
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Several tailings impoundments have failed as a result of earthquakes in the last few decades. A majority of these failures were due to direct seismic loading, tailings liquefaction during shaking, or the post-seismic behavior of the tailings as it relates to the dissipation of excess pore-water pressures that were generated during shaking. Previous work has indicated that the UBCSAND model developed by Byrne et al. in 1995 is capable of simulating the cyclic simple shear testing response of low-plasticity tailings over a range of consolidation stresses and cyclic shear ratios. However, the ability of the model to simulate the dynamic and subsequent behavior of such tailings for other conditions, such those induced by shaking table tests, has not yet been evaluated. In this regard, previous work has shown that the main components of the UBCSAND model cannot realistically simulate some specific responses, including the post-seismic volumetric strains related to excess pore-water pressure dissipation. This paper presents numerical modeling results of the dynamic behavior of tailings from hard rock mines. It introduces a method for simulating their post-seismic behavior by including an updating scheme for the elastic moduli into the UBCSAND model. The results of cyclic simple shear testing, seismic table testing, and complementary experimental relationships were used to calibrate and validate the model with its new component. The simulated response of tailings during cyclic simple shear testing and for a complete seismic table test shows that the proposed approach simulates the experimental observations well. Level-ground, seismically induced liquefaction and post-seismic behavior of a 15 m thick tailings deposit are also simulated, leading to post-liquefaction settlements that are in agreement with empirical relationships.
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Xu, Li, Hao Zhang, Jianfeng Gao, and Chao Zhang. "Longitudinal seismic responses of a cable-stayed bridge based on shaking table tests of a half-bridge scale model." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218778662.
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This article studies the seismic response of a symmetric long-span cable-stayed bridge under longitudinal uniform excitations by finite element analysis and shaking table tests. The feasibility and method of performing shaking table tests are examined using a simplified half-bridge scale model. By taking advantage of the symmetry, it is possible to construct a scale model with a larger scale ratio than a full-bridge scale model. The main components of the scale model (i.e. tower, piers, girder, and cables) were fabricated using the same or similar materials as in the prototype. The design and construction of the scale model is presented. Longitudinal structural responses obtained from the finite element analysis and shaking table tests are compared. The seismic mitigation effects of viscous dampers are examined through shaking table tests.
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Feng, Ruo Qiang, Ji Hong Ye, Yue Wu, and Shi Zhao Shen. "Seismic Response of Cable Net Facade." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.165.
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Shaking table tests and theoretical analysis were conducted to study of the seismic response of cable net facade. Firstly dynamic response of cable net façade under earthquake was investigated with shaking table test. Then a numerical simulation model of cable net façade was built for the dynamic analysis .And then with this model the seismic response was analyzed theoretically. The study indicates that: the seismic response of the cable net with glass panels and the cable net on most occasions are mainly decided by the symmetric modes, and the first vibration mode is dominant. The damping of cable net facade is mainly decided by glass panels.
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Koo, Gyeong-Hoi, Tae-Myung Shin, and Sang-Jin Ma. "Shaking Table Tests of Lead Inserted Small-Sized Laminated Rubber Bearing for Nuclear Component Seismic Isolation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104431.
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To assure seismic isolation performance against design and beyond design basis earthquakes in the nuclear facility components, the lead inserted small-sized laminated rubber bearings (LRB), which has a 10 kN vertical design load, have been designed and quasi-statically tested to validate their design mechanical properties in previous studies. Following this study, the seismic shaking tests of these full-scale LRBs are performed and discussed in this paper with the dummy mass system to investigate actual seismic isolation performance, dynamic characteristics of LRBs, consistency of the LRB’s quality, and so on. To study the seismic isolation performance, three beam structures (S1–S3) with different natural frequencies were installed both on the shaking table and the dummy mass supported by four LRBs: (1) S1: structure close to seismic isolation frequency; (2) S2: structure close to peak input spectral frequency; (3) S3: structure in the high-frequency region. The test results are described in various seismic levels of OBE (Operating Basis Earthquake), SSE (Safe Shutdown Earthquake), and BDBE (Beyond Design Basis Earthquake), and are compared with the analysis results to assure the seismic isolation performance and the LRB’s design parameters. From the results of the shaking table tests, it is confirmed that the lead inserted small-sized LRBs reveal an adequate seismic isolation performance and their dynamic characteristics as intended in the LRB design.
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Lin, Sen, Zhi Cheng Lu, Zhu Bing Zhu, Po Gao, and Sheng Li. "Study of Shaking Table Test on Seismic Performance of 750 kV Post Insulator." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1491.
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The applicability of seismic waves for the seismic performance estimation of 750 kV post insulator has been investigated in full-scale shaking table test. the input seismic waves comprise El Centro seismic wave, Landers seismic wave, sine beat wave and artificial standard wave. The testing results indicate that, high dynamic responses of the equipment can be obtained under artificial standard wave condition. In addition, due to comprehensive enveloping ability and gentle spectral curve, artificial standard wave is ideal for the seismic performance evaluation of 750 kV post insulator in the test. An finite element model has been developed and numerical seismic analysis has been performed. Satisfactory match between the simulated and measured results reveals the reliability of the test. The achievements obtained in this paper are helpful in choosing reasonable input wave for shaking table test, and also provide technical support on determining seismic capacity of high voltage electrical equipment.
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Hong, Yung-Shan, Rong-Her Chen, Cho-Sen Wu, and Jian-Ren Chen. "Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steep nailed slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-055.
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Shaking table tests were performed on five model slopes to examine the effects of the angle and length of the nails and the frequency of excitation on the seismic resistance and failure mechanism of the slopes. Seismic excitation was also applied to slopes at various angles. Experimental results showed that nails markedly improved the seismic resistance of all model steep slopes. Additionally, nailed slopes exhibit characteristics of ductility under strong excitation. The angle of the nails influences the deformation of the slope but only slightly affects seismic resistance. An increase in the length of the nails increased the seismic resistance of the slope and reduced the displacement of the facing only when subjected to strong excitation. The slope at an angle of 90° to the horizontal has a markedly lower seismic resistance than that at 80°. The rocking of the model slope was strong for the slope with inclined nails and the slope at 90° to the horizontal. The failure surface of the soil mass is approximately a bilinear surface; the pullout of nails from the lower rows of nails caused total slope failure. The seismic resistance of a nailed slope is categorized viz. response of the models by three stages: stable, seismic resistance, and incipient collapse phases. Critical seismic acceleration coefficients of all models are evaluated and compared with values predicted by a developed pseudo-static, limit-equilibrium-based slope stability approach, which postulates a two-wedge failure mechanism.Key words: shaking table test, steep nailed slope, seismic resistance, pseudo-static approach.
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Antonielli, Benedetta, Francesca Bozzano, Matteo Fiorucci, Salomon Hailemikael, Roberto Iannucci, Salvatore Martino, Stefano Rivellino, and Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza. "Engineering-Geological Features Supporting a Seismic-Driven Multi-Hazard Scenario in the Lake Campotosto Area (L’Aquila, Italy)." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030107.
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This paper aims to describe the seismic-driven multi-hazard scenario of the Lake Campotosto artificial basin (Abruzzo Region, Central Italy), and it can represent a preparatory study for a quantitative multi-hazard analysis. A comprehensive multi-hazard scenario considers all the effects that can occur following the base ground shaking, providing a holistic approach to assessing the real hazard potential and helping to improve management of disaster mitigation. The study area might be affected by a complex earthquake-induced chain of geologic hazards, such as the seismic shaking, the surface faulting of the Gorzano Mt. Fault, which is very close to one of the three dams that form the Lake Campotosto, and by the earthquake-triggered landslides of different sizes and typologies. These hazards were individually and qualitatively analyzed, using data from an engineering-geological survey and a geomechanical classification of the rock mass. With regard to the seismic shaking, a quantitative evaluation of the seismic response of the Poggio Cancelli valley, in the northern part of Lake Campotosto, was performed, highlighting different seismic amplification phenomena due to morphologic and stratigraphic features. Some insights about the possible multi-hazard approaches are also discussed.
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Zheng, Sheng Bao, and Shu Ping Jiang. "Seismic Resistance and Damping Model Test and Numerical Simulation of Highway Tunnel." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010673.
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In this paper,we established a seismic resistance and damping model to study the effects of tunnel under seismic waves.We took the entrance of Galongla Tunnel as prototype, drafted the similarity relationships of the model.Damping layers and the measuring points of shaking table model have been arranged. We carried out loading test of the shaking table. Compared with the results of finite element analysis, the damping ratio has been defined to analyze the dynamic characteristics and the effect of damping layers. We come to conclusion that damping layers have some effects and surrounding rocks can filter high frequency components of the seismic waves.
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Cheng, Xinjun, Liping Jing, Jie Cui, Yongqiang Li, and Rui Dong. "Shaking-Table Tests for Immersed Tunnels at Different Sites." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2546318.
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Immersed tunnels are typically built in areas subjected to ground motion. Therefore, an evaluation of the seismic performance of the soil-tunnel system is essential. A series of shaking-table tests was conducted to study the influences of the site soil and overlying water layer on the seismic responses of soil deposits and an immersed tunnel. Detailed information on the experiment setup is provided with special focus on the similitude relationship, fabrication of the model system, measurement setup, and loading procedures for a simulation of the seismic waves. Three groups of tests at different sites in dry sand, saturated sand, and saturated sand with an overlying water layer were carried out using the same seismic excitations. The seismic responses of the soil deposits and the dynamic responses of the tunnel model were obtained. The experiment results indicate that, when considering only horizontal earthquake excitations, soil liquefaction significantly influences the propagation of seismic waves and the dynamic responses of the tunnel, whereas the water layer has no obvious effects on the dynamic performance of the ground or tunnel. Furthermore, the acceleration responses of the tunnel elements were analyzed qualitatively, and the joints are deemed important elements in an antiseismic immersed tunnel design.
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Chen, Zengshun, Zhengang Xu, Lingxiao Teng, Jun Fu, Tao Xu, and Zhihang Zhao. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Seismic Performance of a Large-Scale LNG Storage Tank Structure Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 8390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178390.
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As special equipment for storing energy, the safety performance of liquified natural gas (LNG) storage tanks under earthquake action is extremely important. To study the dynamic characteristics of the large-scale LNG storage tank structure and the dynamic response under earthquake action, the shaking table test and numerical simulation analysis of the LNG storage tank structure model are carried out. The results of the shaking table test demonstrate that the natural vibration frequency of the tank model is significantly reduced after the isolation measures are taken. The acceleration response of the seismic storage tank increases approximately linearly along the direction of height, and the seismic isolation bearing has a significant seismic isolation effect on the acceleration of the storage tank. The numerical simulation results show that the seismic responses and their spectral characteristic curves of the numerical model and the shaking table test are the same, which verifies the feasibility and rationality of the numerical model. After seismic isolation measures are taken, the seismic responses of large-scale LNG storage tanks, such as base shear force, overturning bending moment and acceleration, are reduced to varying degrees, but the displacement of the storage tank increases to some extent. When carrying out the seismic isolation design of LNG storage tanks, it is necessary to focus on the displacement of the storage tank to prevent damage of the auxiliary pipeline led by excessive displacement.
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Hwang, Howard, Yi-Huei Chiu, Wei-Yao Chen, and Ban-Jwu Shih. "Analysis of Damage to Steel Gas Pipelines Caused by Ground Shaking Effects during the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 4 (November 2004): 1095–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1811615.
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This paper presents an investigation on damage to natural gas pipelines in Taichung City from the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. This paper addresses damage due to ground shaking effects and does not address damage due to large ground deformations. Four parameters, that is, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, Arias intensity, and spectral intensity, are used to represent ground shaking. Based on pipe repair data and recorded strong motion data, regression analyses of pipe repair rates were carried out to develop seismic vulnerability functions. From the regression analysis results, Arias intensity is considered as the best parameter for the derivation of seismic vulnerability function. The seismic vulnerability functions derived in this study are for steel gas pipelines with mechanical joints and the pipelines are located in firm soils and in the footwall area subject to ground shaking from an earthquake caused by a thrust fault.
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Fu, Xiaodong, Jingyu Kang, Qian Sheng, Lu Zheng, Wenjie Du, and Haifeng Ding. "Investigation of 2D Seismic DDA Method for Numerical Simulation of Shaking Table Test of Rock Mass Engineering." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081330.
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Since the basic theory of the discontinue deformation analysis (DDA) method was proposed, the DDA open source has gone through a long development process. At present, different kinds of programs have been widely applied in rock mass engineering such as slope, dam, and tunnel. This paper introduces the solution principle of DDA motion equations in detail, as well as the development status of the 2D open-source program. Numerical simulation of shaking table test of rock mass engineering using 2D DDA program is highlighted, and investigations of seismic wave pre-processing and seismic input method are carried out. First, based on the Newmark integration scheme, the integration algorithms of synthetic or measured seismic wave time history, correction function of seismic wave, and DDA simulation are unified. Then, three seismic input methods are implanted in the DDA program, and the applicability of various seismic input methods is discussed. On this basis, using the improved seismic 2D DDA program, a shaking table test of typical rock mass engineering is simulated. Through the comparison between the theoretical/test data and simulation results, the reliability of the improved DDA program in seismic response analysis is verified; the large mass method and the large stiffness method are more suitable for rigid foundation, such as shaking table test; the propagation of the seismic wave presents a significant amplification effect due to the reflection, refraction, and diffraction in the tunnel. The research results provide DDA theory and an open-source program for analyzing the seismic response of rock mass engineering.
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Jibson, Randall W., and David K. Keefer. "Analysis of the Seismic Origin of a Landslide in the New Madrid Seismic Zone." Seismological Research Letters 63, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.63.3.427.
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Abstract The New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–12 reportedly triggered many landslides from the bluffs east of the Mississippi River. We use static and dynamic slope stability analyses to determine if landslides currently visible in this area were triggered by seismic shaking or if failure could have occurred in aseismic conditions. We apply this approach to a translational block slide representative of a group of old landslides that previous investigations showed probably were triggered in 1811–12. Slope-stability modeling of aseismic conditions shows that the slide could not have formed aseismically even in unrealistically high ground-water conditions. Dynamic stability analysis using Newmark’s method shows that the landslide would have experienced large displacements – sufficient to cause catastrophic failure – during earthquake shaking similar to that which occurred in 1811–12.
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Bozkurt, Serkan B., Ross S. Stein, and Shinji Toda. "Forecasting Probabilistic Seismic Shaking for Greater Tokyo from 400 Years of Intensity Observations." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 3 (August 2007): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2753504.
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The long recorded history of earthquakes in Japan affords an opportunity to forecast seismic shaking exclusively from past shaking. We calculate the time-averaged (Poisson) probability of severe shaking by using more than 10,000 intensity observations recorded since AD 1600 in a 350 km-wide box centered on Tokyo. Unlike other hazard-assessment methods, source and site effects are included without modeling, and we do not need to know the size or location of any earthquake nor the location and slip rate of any fault. The two key assumptions are that the slope of the observed frequency-intensity relation at every site is the same, and that the 400-year record is long enough to encompass the full range of seismic behavior. Tests we conduct here suggest that both assumptions are sound. The resulting 30-year probability of IJMA≥6 shaking (∼ PGA≥0.4 g or MMI≥ IX) is 30%–40% in Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama, and 10%–15% in Chiba and Tsukuba. This result means that there is a 30% chance that 4 million people will be subjected to IJMA≥6 shaking during an average 30-year period. We also produce exceedance maps of PGA for building-code regulations, and calculate short-term hazard associated with a hypothetical catastrophe bond. Our results resemble an independent assessment developed from conventional seismic hazard analysis for greater Tokyo.
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Wu, Honggang, Hao Lei, and Tianwen Lai. "Shaking Table Tests for Seismic Response of Orthogonal Overlapped Tunnel under Horizontal Seismic Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633535.
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This paper presents the seismic dynamic response and spectrum characteristics of an orthogonal overlapped tunnel by shaking table tests. First, a prototype of the engineering and shaking table test device, which was used to design details of the experiment, was developed. Then, the sensors used in the test were selected, and the measurement points were arranged. Subsequently, the Wenchuan seismic wave with horizontal direction in different peak ground accelerations was inputted into the model, followed by a short analysis of the seismic response of the overlapped tunnel in the shaking table test as well as the distribution of the peak acceleration. Throughout the studies, the model exhibited obvious deformation stages during the seismic wave loading process, which can be divided into elastic, plastic, plastic enhancement, and failure stage. In particular, the time- and frequency-domain characteristics of the key parts of the tunnel were discussed in detail by using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based on the Morlet wavelet as the basis function. We found that the acceleration response was more intense within 25–60 s after the seismic wave was inputted. Furthermore, owing to “the superposition effect,” the seismic response at the crown of the under-crossing tunnel was stronger than that at the invert of the upper-span tunnel. The low and medium frequencies in the transformation of small scales (5–20) significantly affected the overlapped tunnel. These results elucidate the seismic dynamic response of the overlapped tunnel and provide guidance for the design of stabilizing structures for reinforcing tunnels against earthquakes.
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Chen, Yan Jiang, Da Xing Zhou, Wei Ming Yan, and Zhen Yun Tang. "Shaking Table Test of a Long-Span Continuous Girder Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.242.
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Compared with middle-span bridges, seismic response of long-span bridges is more complicated, and so is seismic design. For example, influence of high order modes is obvious, as well as multi-support excitation, all kinds of nonlinear factors and soil and structure interaction (SSI). It is necessary to study on seismic behavior of a long-span continuous girder bridge. With the help of shake table array and substructure test technology, study on seismic performance of a long-span continuous girder bridge has been done and some useful conclusions have been got.
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Gilani, Amir S., Andrew S. Whittaker, and Gregory L. Fenves. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of 230-kV Porcelain Transformer Bushings." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 4 (November 2001): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1427316.
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Static and earthquake-simulator testing of two 230-kV, 3000A, Type-U transformer bushings manufactured in the mid 1980s by the General Electric (GE) Company was undertaken to evaluate both the seismic performance of bushings known to be vulnerable to damage from moderate earthquake shaking, and the efficacy of simple retrofit details. Both bushings survived earthquake shaking compatible with the IEEE spectrum for High Level qualification when mounted on a rigid frame. When mounted on a flexible frame, one 230-kV bushing was unable to sustain the High Level qualification shaking without oil leakage and slip of the porcelain units. Two retrofit details utilizing two semicircular ring plates and epoxy filler were prepared by utility representatives with the objective of limiting slip of the UPPER-1 porcelain unit over the gasket connection. The second detail, Ring-2, permitted the 230-kV bushing to sustain substantially larger accelerations and displacements than those of the unretrofitted bushing and eliminated the permanent slip of the UPPER-1 porcelain unit over the gasket connection for extreme earthquake shaking.
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Petersen, Mark D., Morgan P. Moschetti, Peter M. Powers, Charles S. Mueller, Kathleen M. Haller, Arthur D. Frankel, Yuehua Zeng, et al. "The 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 1_suppl (December 2015): S1—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120814eqs210m.
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New seismic hazard maps have been developed for the conterminous United States using the latest data, models, and methods available for assessing earthquake hazard. The hazard models incorporate new information on earthquake rupture behavior observed in recent earthquakes; fault studies that use both geologic and geodetic strain rate data; earthquake catalogs through 2012 that include new assessments of locations and magnitudes; earthquake adaptive smoothing models that more fully account for the spatial clustering of earthquakes; and 22 ground motion models, some of which consider more than double the shaking data applied previously. Alternative input models account for larger earthquakes, more complicated ruptures, and more varied ground shaking estimates than assumed in earlier models. The ground motions, for levels applied in building codes, differ from the previous version by less than ±10% over 60% of the country, but can differ by ±50% in localized areas. The models are incorporated in insurance rates, risk assessments, and as input into the U.S. building code provisions for earthquake ground shaking.
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Jin, Jian Min, Ping Tan, Fu Lin Zhou, Yu Hong Ma, and Chao Yong Shen. "Shaking Table Test Study on Mid-Story Isolation Structures." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.378.
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Mid-story isolation structure is developing from base isolation structures. As a complex structural system, the work mechanism of base isolation structure is not entirely appropriate for mid-story isolation structure, and the prolonging of structural natural period may not be able to decrease the seismic response of substructure and superstructure simultaneously. In this paper, for a four-story steel frame model, whose prototype first natural period is about 1s without seismic isolation design, the seismic responses and isolation effectiveness of mid-story isolation system with lead rubber bearing are studied experimentally by changing the location of isolation layer. Respectively, the locations of isolation layer are set at bottom of the first story, top of the first story, top of the second story and top of the third story. The results show that mid-story isolation can reduce seismic response in general, and substructure acceleration may be amplified.
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Chen, Si Tian, Jie Xu, and Hong Hui Xie. "Test Study on Seismic Performance of Cantilevered Vertical Irregular Model Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1035.
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This paper is a seismic response study on a vertical irregular frame structure which has a cantilevered top floor. Aimed to analyze the features of seismic response for a vertical irregular frame and scaled model, dynamic time history analysis and shaking table test have been carried out by use of the earthquake waves recorded in WENHUAN earthquake. It shows that the results of dynamic time history analysis and shaking table test are in good agreement, and the earthquake influence coefficients obtained by dynamic time history analysis and shaking table test are larger than the value according to Code, which indicates that the results would be not secure if the simplified methods specified in Code only in the sight of the calculation of earthquake loads.
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Yang, Gui, Yu Min Chen, and De Qing Gao. "PFC Simulation on Shaking Table Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam Model Test." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4208.
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The shape and seismic behavior of concrete-faced rockfill dams under designed seismic load are usually studied by shaking table test, dynamic centrifuge model test and finite element dynamic analysis. Particle flow code (PFC) simulation is analyzed based on the shaking table test, which overcomes the deficiency of macro-continuity assumption in continuum mechanics and can demonstrate the failure characters of dam under dynamic loading action intuitively and vividly. The law obtained from numerical simulation is almost consistent with the one obtained from the shaking table test. The simulation results indicate that the failure characters of concrete-faced rockfill dam are particle sliding on the dam surface and that the concrete face can efficiently reduce the slide displacement and dam top settlement.
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Yan, Lei, Qingning Li, Chun Han, and Haotian Jiang. "Shaking Table Tests of Curved Bridge considering Bearing Friction Sliding Isolation." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6245062.
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Specific to severe damage to curved bridges in earthquakes caused by the excessive force of the fixed bearings and piers, a new seismic design method on curved bridges considering bearing friction sliding isolation is proposed in this paper. Seismic model bridge and isolation model bridge with similarity ratio of 1/20 were made and the shaking table comparison test was conducted. The experimental results show that the isolation model curved bridge suffered less seismic damage than the seismic model curved bridge. The fundamental frequencies of the seismic model bridge and isolation model bridge decreased and the damping ratio increased with the increase of seismic intensity. Compared with seismic curved bridge, the maximum reduction rates of peak acceleration along the radial and tangential directions on the top of pier of the isolation model curved bridge were 47.3% and 55.5%, respectively, and the maximum reduction rate of the peak strain on the bottom of pier of the isolation model curved bridge was 43.4%. For the isolation model curved bridge, the maximum reduction rate of peak acceleration on the top of pier was 24.6% compared with that on the bottom of pier. The study results can provide experimental basis for the seismic design of curved bridges.
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Zhu, Fei, Feng Lai Wang, Xu Jie Sun, and Y. Zhao. "Shaking Table Test on Unreinforced Stone Masonry Pagoda." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.730.
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Unreinforced stone masonry pagodas have great cultural value and should be detailed investigation its mechanical properties. These buildings were not designed to resist earthquakes in ancient China, at least not in the way of current methods. The objectives of this research were to understand the dynamic behavior of unreinforced stone masonry pagoda and its seismic performance. To accomplish these, a 1/12 scale model of China Dinosaurs Pagoda was constructed and tested on shaking table. The octangle model height is 3.96m, with aspect ratio of height to width is 2.93, both parameters exceed the stipulated limit of Code for Seismic Design of Building. The model built with the stones and motars similar to the prototype materials and the arrangements. Its dynamic behavior and seismic performance were tested on the shaking table towards the free vibration and three earthquake waves. The experimental program adopted in the research is explained in this paper.
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Sun, Yu Han, Wen Ying Liu, Zhi Gang Su, and Zhen Lin Liu. "Shaking Table Test on 145 kV HV Reactor Composite Bushing." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1480.
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As a key component of power transmission and distribution systems, HV reactor bushing made of porcelain have suffered serious damage in previous earthquakes. In order to enhance seismic ability, the new type bushing made of composite material have been used in high seismic fortify-cation intensity projects. The test requirement in this analysis included: the selection of dynamic magnification factor、the selection of excited wave、the control of tolerance between input peak acceleration and output peak acceleration. During the shaking test, the dynamic characteristics, including frequency and damping ratio, and the seismic response of the composite bushing was obtained. Based on the analysis results of the bushing, the judgment of the seismic capacity was achieved.
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Watanabe, K., A. Zafar, M. Tomita, and K. Nishikouri. "Three-dimensional dynamic behaviour of embankments on liquefiable ground." Géotechnique Letters 12, no. 1 (March 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.21.00040.
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There has been serious damage to embankments on liquefied ground due to large earthquakes. To understand such damage process, two-dimensional shaking table model tests have been usually performed, in both gravitational and centrifugal fields, to investigate the dynamic behaviour and residual displacement of embankments on liquefiable ground. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis has been used in practical design to consider dynamic behaviours of 3D embankments on liquefiable ground. However, there are only a limited number of cases in which the applicability of 3D analysis has been validated based on comparisons with data measured at model tests or actual disasters. Therefore, in this study, a series of shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic behaviour of a 3D embankment on liquefiable ground. In addition, the effect of the shaking direction on the seismic behaviour of the embankment was evaluated. The experiment revealed that the residual deformation and its dominant direction were significantly affected by the 3D shape and total weight of the embankment, not by the shaking direction. This result indicates that the influence of the 3D shape of the embankment on the deformation behaviour cannot be ignored, and that the influence should be properly evaluated in seismic design.
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Li, Shujin, Cai Wu, and Fan Kong. "Shaking Table Model Test and Seismic Performance Analysis of a High-Rise RC Shear Wall Structure." Shock and Vibration 2019 (May 9, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6189873.
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A building developed by Wuhan Shimao Group in Wuhan, China, is a high-rise residence with 56 stories near the Yangtze River. The building is a reinforced concrete structure, featuring with a nonregular T-type plane and a height 179.6 m, which is out of the restrictions specified by the China Technical Specification for Concrete Structures of Tall Building (JGJ3-2010). To investigate its seismic performance, a shaking table test with a 1/30 scale model is carried out in Structural Laboratory in Wuhan University of Technology. The dynamic characteristics and the responses of the model subject to different seismic intensities are investigated via the analyzing of shaking table test data and the observed cracking pattern of the scaled model. Finite element analysis of the shaking table model is also established, and the results are coincident well with the test. An autoregressive method is also presented to identify the damage of the structure after suffering from different waves, and the results coincide well with the test and numerical simulation. The shaking table model test, numerical analysis, and damage identification prove that this building is well designed and can be safely put into use. Suggestions and measures to improve the seismic performance of structures are also presented.
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Catchings, R. D., and W. M. Kohler. "Reflected seismic waves and their effect on strong shaking during the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 1401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860051401.
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Abstract Our data indicate that critical and postcritical reflections from crustal layers and the Moho produced increased shaking at discrete distances along the San Francisco Peninsula during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. These reflections may have produced an increase in amplitude that is as much as 10 times greater than that of the direct arrival. Peak amplitude-distance patterns measured from explosive sources, synthetic seismograms, aftershocks, and the mainshock of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake indicate that (1) point sources, such as explosions, produce similar peak amplitude-distance relations as distributed, double-couple sources when the crustal structure is approximately a Poisson solid; (2) peak amplitudes from smaller point sources (explosions) may be scaled to those of larger sources (earthquakes); and (3) reflections caused a pattern of high amplitudes at specific distances along the San Francisco Peninsula that geographically correlates with areas of reported damage following from the Loma Prieta mainshock. Our study indicates that critical and postcritical reflections were stronger influences on the locations of strong shaking than local geology because a number of sites around the San Francisco Bay that are underlain by unconsolidated sediments experienced much less shaking than sites that were underlain by hard rock. Furthermore, some severely shaken hard-rock sites were farther from the epicenter than many of the less severely shaken “soft-sediment” sites. Models of the regional crustal structure and seismic-wave propagation paths may be useful in identifying sites around the San Francisco Bay region that are at risk due to reflected seismic energy, and this type of analysis may be useful in other seismically active regions.
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Whittaker, Andrew S., Chia-Ming Uang, and Vitelmo V. Bertero. "Seismic Testing of Eccentrically Braced Dual Steel Systems." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585531.
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Two six-story eccentrically braced dual steel systems (EBDSs) were tested as part of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Earthquake Research Program. The first, a full-scale structure ( prototype) was pseudo-dynamically tested in the Large Size Structures Laboratory of the Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan. The second, a similitude scaled replica of the first, was tested on the earthquake simulator at the University of California at Berkeley. The prototype was designed for the minimum earthquake forces specified by the 1981 Japanese Aseismic Code and satisfied the current earthquake-resistant design regulations in the U.S.A. (1985 UBC, 1984 ATC 3-06 and 1986 SEAOC). The performance of the EBDS (both prototype and model) was outstanding in terms of its elastic strength and stiffnesses during minor earthquake shaking and its ability to absorb and dissipate energy, without strength and stiffness degradation, during severe earthquake shaking. Substantial overstrengths of both EBDSs with respect to their nominal yielding strengths were observed during severe earthquake shaking. However, the response modification factors currently adopted by the ATC and SEAOC significantly overestimated the experimental values in both instances.
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Li, Dahua, and Huiqiang Zuo. "Conversion between seismic intensity and peak ground shaking." Acta Seismologica Sinica 5, no. 1 (February 1992): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02650903.
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Sleep, Norman H. "Deep-seated downslope slip during strong seismic shaking." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12, no. 12 (December 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003838.
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Zheng, Yan, Yimin Wang, Pu Zhang, and Suchao Li. "Seismic Reduction Analysis of Super-Long Span Suspension Bridge with Lattice Composite Tower and Damping System: A Case of Study for Qiongzhou Strait Bridge." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 9387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169387.
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In this paper, we proposed a lattice composite tower damping system to reduce the seismic response of super-long-span suspension bridges. Taking the QiongZhou strait bridge as a case study, we evaluated seismic performances through a finite element analysis (FEA) and shaking-table tests. First, the seismic responses of a super-long-span suspension bridge with or without a lattice composite tower to far-fault and near-fault earthquakes were analyzed and compared. The influence of the lattice composite tower on the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance was then investigated using shaking-table tests. Finally, the influences of different damping systems on the seismic response were evaluated, considering factors such as the damper type, damper arrangement scheme and design parameters. The results indicated that lattice composite tower could significantly increase the seismic performance of super-long span suspension bridge, while the optimal damping system could markedly improve the energy dissipation ability of whole system. Subsequently, this could provide references to enhance the seismic safety of the super-long span suspension bridge under strong earthquakes.
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Nam, Tran Tuan. "SEISMIC TORSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF A TESTED FULL-SCALE STEEL BUILDING." JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2, no. 2 (2022): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jtin.02.2022.48.51.
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Based on shaking experiment results of a full-scale 4-story steel building conducted on E-Defense – the world largest shaking table in Japan, the characterization of twisting behavior can be achieved. Exploration on twisting motion of the specimen building is presented in this paper, addressing global rotational responses in various increasing excitation levels. Study results show that the torsion movement of the building is mainly due to story mass eccentricity. On the other hand, the shaking-table also causes considerable influence on the building twisting response. System identification and mode superposition of response translational acceleration at floor mass centers are carried out. Some justifications for stiffness of non-structural are also presented, through which we can get a more precise basis to determine stiffness contribution of each component.
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Li, Jin Bei, Hong Ru Zhang, and Zhi Qiang Li. "Theoretical Study on Similarity Relation of Small Scale Subgrade Shaking Table Test Model." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3354.
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Shaking table test is an important method to study seismic performance of geotechnical structures. Processing the similarity relation and deducing the response of original mold correctly are very important. Based on similarity theory, the paper adopts a dimensional analysis method to solve almost all similar constants, and provides a practical method on designing subgrade model of shaking table test. During the model designing process, several basic similar constants are defined at first and other main similar constants are obtained according to the basic similar constants. This method is applied in practical earthquake simulated shaking table test. Partial results are compared with the theoretical calculation result. The experimental result which is in concordance to the theoretical calculation result can reflect the seismic response rules of subgrade correctly. So the practical designing method is feasible.
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Zhang, Zitao, Jianzhang Xiao, Yingqi Wei, Hong Cai, Jianhui Liang, and Jun Yan. "Examining the seismic behaviour of partially saturated sand using centrifuge shaking table tests." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 17002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199217002.
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Similar to fully saturated sand, the partially saturated sand can also liquefy under certain conditions during earthquakes. This study aims to characterize the seismic behaviour of partially saturated sand. Centrifuge shaking table tests were performed using the IWHR horizontal-vertical centrifuge shaker. The experimental results indicate that the liquefaction resistance of the partially saturated sand increases with decreasing the degree of saturation and with increasing the initial effective stress right before shaking. The boundary between the liquefied and un-liquefied sand becomes deeper and deeper during shaking.