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Journal articles on the topic 'Seismic scenarios'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Raghu Kanth, S. T. G., Konjengbam Darunkumar Singh, and Kumar Pallav. "Deterministic Seismic Scenarios for Imphal City." Pure and Applied Geophysics 166, no. 4 (April 2009): 641–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0460-y.

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2

Kazantzidou-Firtinidou, D., I. Kassaras, A. Ganas, C. Tsimi, N. Sakellariou, S. Mourloukos, P. Stoumpos, K. Michalaki, and G. Giannaraki. "SEISMIC DAMAGE SCENARIOS IN KALAMATA (S. GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11862.

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Damage scenarios are necessary tools for stakeholders, in order to prepare protection strategies and a total emergency post-earthquake plan. To this aim, four seismic hazard models were developed for the city of Kalamata, according to stochastic simulation of the ground motion, using site amplification functions derived from ambient noise HVSR measurements. The structural vulnerability of the city was assessed following an empirical macroseismic model, developed for the European urban environment (EMS-98). The impact of the vulnerability due to the seismic hazard potential is also investigated by means of synthetic response spectral ratios at 108 sites of the city. The expected damage grade per building block, is calculated by combining vulnerability with the respective seismic intensities, derived for the four seismic sources. The importance of the followed methodology for implementing microzonation studies is emphasized, since the expected influence of the ground motion amplification due to local soil conditions has been approximated in detail. Moreover, new fragility curves for the main structural types in Kalamata are proposed for each seismic scenario.
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3

Raghu Kanth, S. T. G., and Sujit Kumar Dash. "Deterministic seismic scenarios for North East India." Journal of Seismology 14, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-009-9158-y.

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4

Chioccarelli, Eugenio, and Iunio Iervolino. "Near-source seismic hazard and design scenarios." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 42, no. 4 (July 17, 2012): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2232.

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5

Ghazal, Homam, and Aman Mwafy. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of an Existing Multi-Span RC Bridge Equipped with Risk Mitigation Systems." Buildings 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2022): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070982.

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The vulnerability of bridges and the effectiveness of suitable mitigation techniques in regions exposed to different seismic scenarios, while lacking reliable fragility assessment studies for existing bridge inventory, need focused attention. Further, while several retrofit techniques were proposed for improving the seismic performance of existing bridges, the limitations of such approaches need further investigation. Thus, this study assesses the seismic vulnerability of a benchmark structure representing pre-seismic code multi-span bridges in an earthquake-prone region before and after the retrofit to mitigate earthquake-related losses. The numerical modeling approaches of the selected bridge and retrofit systems were verified using the results of previous experimental studies. Detailed three-dimensional fiber-based (3DFB) simulation models were then developed to assess the seismic response of the benchmark bridge under the effects of diverse earthquake records representing far-field and near-source seismic scenarios in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The obtained results from several inelastic pushover analyses (IPAs) and incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) confirmed the vulnerability of the benchmark bridge and the pressing need for mitigation actions to reduce the expected seismic losses under different seismic scenarios. Higher damage probabilities were observed under the effects of far-source events and at lower intensities than their near-field counterparts. Based on the probabilistic assessment study, it is concluded that retrofitting the bridge with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) is an effective mitigation measure to increase the lateral strength and overcome the high curvature ductility (CD) demands observed in bents, particularly under the most critical seismic scenario. The study provides insight into the impacts of contemporary retrofit techniques on improving the seismic performance of substandard bridges and presents a range of fragility functions for the assessment and mitigation of earthquake risks.
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6

Boyke, Christino, and Takashi Nagao. "Seismic Performance Assessment of Wide Pile-Supported Wharf Considering Soil Slope and Waveform Duration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 7266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147266.

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Pile-supported wharf (PSW) is one of the primary port structures and is often damaged by earthquakes. To mitigate the risk of seismic damage to a PSW, its seismic performance should be thoroughly assessed. This study aimed to examine the impact of ground displacement on the seismic performance of PSW with a mild soil slope. We performed soil-structure system finite element analysis targeting a wide PSW. The analysis is divided into two scenarios. In the first scenario, the PSW was modeled without regard for the soil slope, whereas the second scenario considered the soil slope. Two waveforms that matched the target spectral acceleration were used to study the effects of the waveform duration on the seismic response of PSW. The analysis results revealed substantial influences of soil slope displacement as well as differences in waveforms on PSW’s seismic performance.
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7

Furtado, André, Hugo Rodrigues, and Humberto Varum. "Simplified Guidelines for Retrofitting Scenarios in the European Countries." Energies 16, no. 5 (March 2, 2023): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052408.

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A large part of the European building stock was built before implementing the recent energy and structural codes, resulting in buildings characterized by deficiencies in terms of comfort, energy savings and structural safety. The retrofitting and rehabilitation of the existing building stock need to be adequately performed, aiming to improve the seismic and energy performance simultaneously. The work summarized here is dedicated to defining priority scenarios for buildings’ retrofitting to improve the seismic safety and energy efficiency of the European Union (EU) building stock. First, the state of the EU building stock is analysed in terms of buildings’ age, types of structures, energy efficiency, energy consumption and energy poverty. Then, the EU climate demands are presented, namely the regions with higher temperature variations, i.e., heating or cooling degree days. The EU seismic risk is also presented and discussed in terms of average annual losses, average annual economic losses and average annual life losses. Based on these input parameters, nine seismic–climate regions in the EU are proposed using a simplified approach. Finally, retrofitting scenarios are proposed for two types of buildings (i.e., masonry and reinforced concrete) based on their seismic–climate region.
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8

Barbat, Alex H., Fabricio Yépez Moya, and JoséA Canas. "Damage Scenarios Simulation for Seismic Risk Assessment in Urban Zones." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 3 (August 1996): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585889.

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A methodology for simulating seismic damage of unreinforced masonry buildings for seismic risk assessment of urban areas is presented in this paper. The methodology is based on the Italian vulnerability index and on the results of a post-earthquake damage survey study whose main result was an observed vulnerability function. The Monte Carlo method was then used to simulate damage probability matrices, fragility curves and vulnerability functions, all of which are the basis of a seismic risk study. The simulation process required the generation of thousands of hypothetical buildings, the analysis of their seismic behaviour and probabilistic studies of the computed results. As an example, probable damage scenarios were developed for an urban zone of Barcelona.
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9

Pavel, Florin, Ileana Calotescu, Radu Vacareanu, and Ana-Maria Sandulescu. "Assessment of seismic risk scenarios for Bucharest, Romania." Natural Hazards 93, S1 (July 17, 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2991-3.

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10

Mostafa, Shaimaa Ismail, H. E. Abdelhafiez, and Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal. "Deterministic scenarios for seismic hazard assessment in Egypt." Journal of African Earth Sciences 160 (December 2019): 103655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103655.

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11

Salamida, Gianluca, Nicola Buratti, and Claudio Mazzotti. "Ground Motion Analysis Toolbox and Seismic Scenarios Toolbox: software tools for seismic damage scenarios assessment in the Emilia-Romagna Region." Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.018.

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12

Yuan, Chenyang, Yunfei Xie, Jing Li, Weifeng Bai, and Haohao Li. "Influence of the Number of Ground Motions on Fragility Analysis of 5 MW Wind Turbines Subjected to Aerodynamic and Seismic Loads Interaction." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062094.

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In this paper, the influence of the number of ground motions on fragility analysis of 5 MW wind turbines under the excitation of aerodynamic and seismic loads is investigated to acquire the sufficient number of records for reasonable fragility estimation. Two scenarios, parked and normal operation, were simulated with the number of actual recorded ground motions ranging from 2 to 48. The fragility function parameters are estimated by utilizing the method of multiple stripe analysis (MSA), and the relationship between the number of ground motions and estimated parameters for each scenario is discussed. In addition, the influence of the number of ground motions on the range of estimated parameters with a 95% confidence interval is also discussed. The simulation results show that there are significant differences between the two scenarios in terms of fragility analysis for 5 MW wind turbines with the interaction of wind and seismic loads, and the lesser number of earthquakes is needed for a normal operation scenario compared to the parked scenario when obtaining the same accuracy fragility estimation. Furthermore, the appropriate number of ground motions to accurately estimate the fragility parameters of 5 MW wind turbines for the two scenarios is presented herein, which is almost unaffected by different wind spectra.
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13

Ansal, Atilla, Aslı Kurtuluş, and Gökçe Tönük. "Seismic microzonation and earthquake damage scenarios for urban areas." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 11 (November 2010): 1319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.06.004.

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14

Veludo, Idalina, Paula Teves-Costa, and Pierre-Yves Bard. "Damage seismic scenarios for Angra do Heroísmo, Azores (Portugal)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 11, no. 2 (November 18, 2012): 423–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9399-y.

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15

Kassaras, I., D. Kalantoni, C. Benetatos, G. Kaviris, K. Michalaki, N. Sakellariou, and K. Makropoulos. "Seismic damage scenarios in Lefkas old town (W. Greece)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2015): 3669–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9789-z.

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16

Bommer, Julian J., and Valentina Montaldo Falero. "Virtual Fault Ruptures in Area-Source Zones for PSHA: Are They Always Needed?" Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 2310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190345.

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Abstract Seismic source models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), except when using zoneless approaches based directly on the earthquake catalog, invariably include area-source zones, even if active fault sources are modeled explicitly. Because most modern ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) employ source-to-site distance metrics defined relative to extended fault ruptures rather than to the epicenter or hypocenter, it becomes necessary to generate virtual fault ruptures within the area-source zones to enable calculation of the correct distance of each earthquake scenario from the site of interest. For a site-specific PSHA, the work of defining the virtual rupture characteristics such as strike, dip, and style of faulting, for more distant source zones, and the computational effort of simulating these ruptures for each earthquake scenario in the hazard calculations, may be unnecessary. Beyond a certain distance from the site, it can be demonstrated that the loss of accuracy introduced by modeling the individual earthquake scenarios as point sources rather than as extended ruptures is usually sufficiently small to allow the distance metric in the GMPEs to be treated as epicentral or hypocentral distance. Such simplifications can significantly increase the efficiency of the hazard calculations and also relieve the seismic source modelers of considerable effort to characterize virtual ruptures far beyond the host zone of the site. Treating earthquake scenarios in the more remote source zones as points also brings the additional benefit of avoiding problems that can arise with the largest magnitude scenarios leading to ruptures that approach the site in cases for which the ruptures are not constrained to remain within the source boundaries.
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17

Lanteaume, Cyprien, François Fournier, Matthieu Pellerin, and Jean Borgomano. "Testing geologic assumptions and scenarios in carbonate exploration: Insights from integrated stratigraphic, diagenetic, and seismic forward modeling." Leading Edge 37, no. 9 (September 2018): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle37090672.1.

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Carbonates are considered complex, heterogeneous at all scales, and unfortunately often poorly seismically imaged. We propose a methodology based on forward-modeling approaches to test the validity of common exploration assumptions (e.g., chronostratigraphic value of seismic reflectors) and of geologic interpretations (e.g., stratigraphic correlations and depositional and diagenetic architecture) that are determined from a limited amount of data. The proposed workflow includes four main steps: (1) identification and quantification of the primary controls on carbonate deposition and the prediction of the carbonate stratigraphic architecture (through stratigraphic forward modeling); (2) identification of diagenetic processes and prediction of the spatial distribution of diagenetic products (diagenetic forward modeling); (3) quantification of the impact of diagenesis on acoustic and reservoir properties; and (4) computation of synthetic seismic models based on various scenarios of stratigraphic and diagenetic architectures and comparison with actual seismic. The likelihood of a given scenario is tested by quantifying the misfit between the modeled versus the real seismic. This workflow illustrates the relevance of forward-modeling approaches for building realistic models that can be shared by the various disciplines of carbonate exploration (sedimentology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, seismic, geomodeling, and reservoir).
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18

Tumurbaatar, Zorigt, Hiroyuki Miura, and Tsoggerel Tsamba. "Development of Building Inventory Data in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia for Seismic Loss Estimation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010026.

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During the last two decades, the rapid urbanization movement has increased the concentration of population and buildings in Ulaanbaatar city (UB), Mongolia. There are several active faults around UB. The estimated maximum magnitude of 7 in the Emeelt fault has been expected to significantly impact the UB region because the fault is only 20 km from the city. To consider the disaster mitigation planning for such large earthquakes, assessments of ground shaking intensities and building damage for the scenarios are crucial. In this study, we develop the building inventory data in UB, including structural types, construction year, height, and construction cost in order to assess the buildings’ vulnerability (repair cost) due to a scenario earthquake. The construction costs are estimated based on the procedure of the Mongolian construction code from the coefficients of cost per floor area for each structural type, and coefficients for heating system, floor areas, and buildings’ locations. Finally, the scenario’s economic loss of the damaged buildings is evaluated using the developed building inventory, global vulnerability curves of GAR-13, and estimated spectral accelerations.
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19

Chung, M. C., C. H. Chen, T. L. Tai, and M. M. Chen. "FAILURE MECHANISM ANALYSIS CONSIDERS THE HYDROLOGICAL AND SEISMIC CONDITIONS AT CHASHAN SITE IN CENTRAL TAIWAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-159-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The investigation results of large-scale landslides in the central part of Taiwan from Central Geologic Survey identified a new, largescale landslide in the Chashan Village of Alishan Township, Chiayi County (ID: D160) which has the potential to influence the safety of Chashan Village residents. In coordination with the surface geological survey, Chashan site can be divided into three potential sliding areas (zones A, B and C). The paper uses GeoStudio for evaluating the stability of different hydrological and seismic scenarios. The results of scenario simulation show that: (1) In the normal and high water level scenarios, the safety factor obtained in zone A is greater than 1.0, and the initial judgment belongs to the stable state; (2) In the earthquake scenarios, the A4 potential sliding mass in zone A will be collapsed; (3) Through the scenario simulation, when the water level in zone A rises more than 25 meters or the PGA exceeds 160 gal, it is possible to cause the collapse of A4 potential sliding mass. The result of the study will contribute that the complex phenomenon between the stability of landslides and hydrogeological conditions can be revealed and clarified through the detailed study on the hydrogeological investigation, observation and the numerical simulation.</p>
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20

Chieffo, Nicola, and Antonio Formisano. "Geo-Hazard-Based Approach for the Estimation of Seismic Vulnerability and Damage Scenarios of the Old City of Senerchia (Avellino, Italy)." Geosciences 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020059.

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The large-scale seismic risk assessment is a crucial point for safeguarding people and planning adequate mitigation plans in urban areas. The current research work aims at analysing a sector of the historic centre of Senerchia, located in the province of Avellino, in order to assess the seismic vulnerability and damage of old masonry building compounds. First, the typological classification of the inspected building aggregates is developed using the CARTIS form developed by the PLINIVS research centre in collaboration with the Italian Civil Protection Department. The global seismic vulnerability assessment of the building sample is carried out using the macroseismic method according to the EMS-98 scale in order to identify the buildings most susceptible to seismic damage. Furthermore, 12 damage scenarios are developed by means of an appropriate seismic attenuation law. Finally, the expected damage scenarios considering the local hazard effects induced are developed in order to evaluate the damage increment, averagely equal to 50%, due to the seismic amplification of different soil categories.
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21

Vargas, Yeudy F., Lluis G. Pujades, Alex H. Barbat, and Jorge E. Hurtado. "Probabilistic Seismic Damage Assessment of RC Buildings Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (May 28, 2015): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010344.

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The incremental dynamic analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the seismic vulnerability and risk of buildings. It allows calculating the global damage of structures for different PGAs and representing this result by means of damage curves. Such curves are used by many methods to obtain seismic risk scenarios at urban level. Even if the use of this method in a probabilistic environment requires a relevant computational effort, it should be the reference method for seismic risk evaluation. In this article we propose to assess the seismic expected damage by using nonlinear dynamic analysis. We will obtain damage curves by means of the incremental dynamic analysis combined with the damage index of Park * Ang. The uncertainties related to the mechanical properties of the materials and the seismic action will be considered. The probabilistic damage curves obtained can be used to calculate not only seismic risk scenarios at urban level, but also to estimate economic losses.
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22

Moratto, L., A. Vuan, A. Saraò, D. Slejko, C. Papazachos, R. Caputo, D. Civile, et al. "Seismic hazard for the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). Part 2: broadband scenarios at the Fier Compressor Station (Albania)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 9 (May 22, 2021): 3389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01122-z.

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AbstractTo ensure environmental and public safety, critical facilities require rigorous seismic hazard analysis to define seismic input for their design. We consider the case of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which is a pipeline that transports natural gas from the Caspian Sea to southern Italy, crossing active faults and areas characterized by high seismicity levels. For this pipeline, we develop a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) for the broader area, and, for the selected critical sites, we perform deterministic seismic hazard assessment (DSHA), by calculating shaking scenarios that account for the physics of the source, propagation, and site effects. This paper presents a DSHA for a compressor station located at Fier, along the Albanian coastal region. Considering the location of the most hazardous faults in the study site, revealed by the PSHA disaggregation, we model the ground motion for two different scenarios to simulate the worst-case scenario for this compressor station. We compute broadband waveforms for receivers on soft soils by applying specific transfer functions estimated from the available geotechnical data for the Fier area. The simulations reproduce the variability observed in the ground motion recorded in the near-earthquake source. The vertical ground motion is strong for receivers placed above the rupture areas and should not be ignored in seismic designs; furthermore, our vertical simulations reproduce the displacement and the static offset of the ground motion highlighted in recent studies. This observation confirms the importance of the DSHA analysis in defining the expected pipeline damage functions and permanent soil deformations.
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23

Maeda, Takahiro, and Hiroyuki Fujiwara. "Seismic Hazard Visualization from Big Simulation Data: Cluster Analysis of Long-Period Ground-Motion Simulation Data." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0233.

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This paper describes a method of extracting the relation between the ground-motion characteristics of each area and a seismic source model, based on ground-motion simulation data output in planar form for many earthquake scenarios, and the construction of a parallel distributed processing system where this method is implemented. The extraction is realized using two-stage clustering. In the first stage, the ground-motion indices and scenario parameters are used as input data to cluster the earthquake scenarios within each evaluation mesh. In the second stage, the meshes are clustered based on the similarity of earthquake-scenario clustering. Because the mesh clusters can be correlated to the geographical space, it is possible to extract the relation between the ground-motion characteristics of each area and the scenario parameters by examining the relation between the mesh clusters and scenario clusters obtained by the two-stage clustering. The results are displayed visually; they are saved as GeoTIFF image files. The system was applied to the long-period ground-motion simulation data for hypothetical megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai Trough. This confirmed that the relation between the extracted ground-motion characteristics of each area and scenario parameters is in agreement with the results of ground-motion simulations.
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24

Estêvão, João M. C., Antonio Morales-Esteban, Luis F. Sá, Mónica A. Ferreira, Bruno Tomás, Carlos Esteves, Vítor Barreto, et al. "Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Primary Schools in the Border Regions of Neighbouring Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315976.

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This work summarises the strategy adopted in the European research project PERSISTAH. It aims to increase the resilience of the population, focusing on the existing primary schools in the Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain) regions. Software was developed to assess the seismic safety of these schools, considering different earthquake scenarios. Seismic retrofitting measures were studied and numerically tested. Some of them were also implemented in the retrofitting activities of two case study schools (one in each country). It was found that the adopted ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) considerably affect the results obtained with the software, especially for offshore earthquake scenarios. Furthermore, the results show that the masonry buildings would be the most damaged school typologies for all the scenarios considered. Additionally, a set of guidelines was created to support the school community and the technicians related to the construction industry. The goal of these documents is to increase the seismic resilience of the population. Different activities were carried out to train schoolteachers in seismic safety based on the guidelines produced, obtaining positive feedback from them.
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25

Ghofrani, Hadi, Gail M. Atkinson, Luc Chouinard, Philippe Rosset, and Kristy F. Tiampo. "Scenario shakemaps for Montreal." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 7 (July 2015): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0496.

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Montreal has significant seismic risk due to the combination of moderate seismicity, high population density, and vulnerable infrastructure. An important tool in damage and risk assessment is a scenario shakemap, which shows the expected ground shaking intensity distribution patterns. In this study, we use regional ground motion and site response evaluations to generate scenario shakemaps for Montreal. The impact of event location on expected ground motions and intensities was tested by considering the occurrence of a scenario (a given magnitude event) at various locations, where the scenarios are defined based on an analysis of the most likely future event locations. Variability in near surface geology plays an important role in earthquake ground shaking; we use microzonation information from Montreal to assess the expected site amplification effects. The results of this study may be used as input to seismic risk studies for Montreal.
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Maeda, Takahiro, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, Sho Akagi, and Toshihiko Hayakawa. "Cluster Analysis of the Long-Period Ground-Motion Simulation Data: Application of the Sagami Trough Megathrust Earthquake Scenarios." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0435.

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A clustering method that classifies earthquake scenarios and the local area on the basis of similarities in the spatial distribution of ground motion was applied to long-period ground-motion data computed by a seismic wave propagation simulation. The simulation utilized a large number of seismic source models and a three-dimensional velocity structure model in which megathrust earthquakes in the Sagami Trough were assumed. The relationship between the clusters, earthquake scenario parameters, and the velocity structure model was examined. In addition, the relationship between the earthquake scenario clusters for a case in which actual strong-motion observation points were treated as a mesh and those for a case in which an entire set of meshes was investigated, and a spatial interpolation method that estimated a ground-motion distribution from strong-motion observation data was examined.
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27

Cherif, Seif-eddine, Mimoun Chourak, Mohamed Abed, and Abdelhalim Douiri. "Potential Seismic Damage Assessment of Residential Buildings in Imzouren City (Northern Morocco)." Buildings 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8120179.

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The main purpose of this study is to assess seismic risk and present earthquake loss scenarios for the city of Imzouren, in northern Morocco. An empirical approach was chosen to assess the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings, using the Vulnerability Index Method (RISK-UE), and considering two earthquake scenarios (deterministic and probabilistic). Special concern was given to the seismic vulnerability in Imzouren since the 2004 earthquake (24 February, mw = 6.4) that struck the region and caused substantial damage. A site investigation was conducted in the city targeting more than 3000 residential buildings, which had been closely examined and catalogued to assess their seismic vulnerability. The results of the seismic risk assessment in the city are represented through damage to the buildings, harm to the population and economic loss. Generally, the results obtained from the deterministic approach are in agreement with the damage caused by the 2004 earthquake.
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28

Seo, Junwon, Daniel G. Linzell, and Jong Wan Hu. "Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Curved and Skewed Bridge System with Spherical Bearings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/248575.

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A three-dimensional (3D) modeling approach to investigate nonlinear seismic response of a curved and skewed bridge system is proposed. The approach is applied to a three-span curved and skewed steel girder bridge in the United States. The superstructure is modeled using 3D frame elements for the girders, truss elements for the cross-frames, and equivalent frame elements to represent the deck. Spherical bearings are modeled with zero-length elements coupled with hysteretic material models. Nonlinear seismic responses of the bearings subjected to actual ground motions are examined in various directions. Findings indicate that the bearings experience moderate damage for most loading scenarios based on FEMA seismic performance criteria. Further, the bearing responses are different for the loading scenarios because of seismic effects caused by interactions between excitation direction and radius of curvature.
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29

Babayev, G., A. Ismail-Zadeh, and J. L. Le Mouël. "Scenario-based earthquake hazard and risk assessment for Baku (Azerbaijan)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 22, 2010): 2697–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2697-2010.

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Abstract. A rapid growth of population, intensive civil and industrial building, land and water instabilities (e.g. landslides, significant underground water level fluctuations), and the lack of public awareness regarding seismic hazard contribute to the increase of vulnerability of Baku (the capital city of the Republic of Azerbaijan) to earthquakes. In this study, we assess an earthquake risk in the city determined as a convolution of seismic hazard (in terms of the surface peak ground acceleration, PGA), vulnerability (due to building construction fragility, population features, the gross domestic product per capita, and landslide's occurrence), and exposure of infrastructure and critical facilities. The earthquake risk assessment provides useful information to identify the factors influencing the risk. A deterministic seismic hazard for Baku is analysed for four earthquake scenarios: near, far, local, and extreme events. The seismic hazard models demonstrate the level of ground shaking in the city: PGA high values are predicted in the southern coastal and north-eastern parts of the city and in some parts of the downtown. The PGA attains its maximal values for the local and extreme earthquake scenarios. We show that the quality of buildings and the probability of their damage, the distribution of urban population, exposure, and the pattern of peak ground acceleration contribute to the seismic risk, meanwhile the vulnerability factors play a more prominent role for all earthquake scenarios. Our results can allow elaborating strategic countermeasure plans for the earthquake risk mitigation in the Baku city.
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Tarbali, Karim, and Brendon A. Bradley. "Representative ground-motion ensembles for several major earthquake scenarios in New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.47.4.231-252.

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In this paper, representative ground motion ensembles for several major earthquake scenarios in New Zealand are developed. Cases considered include representative ground motions for the occurrence of Alpine, Hope and Porters Pass earthquakes in Christchurch city, and the occurrence of Wellington, Wairarapa and Ohariu fault ruptures in Wellington city. For each considered scenario rupture, ensembles of 20 and 7 ground motions are selected using the generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) approach, ensuring that the ground motion ensembles represent both the mean and distribution of ground motion intensity which such scenarios could impose. These scenario-based ground motion sets can be used to complement ground motions which are often selected in conjunction with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, in order to understand the performance of structures for the question “what if this fault ruptures?”
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Pessina, Vera, and Fabrizio Meroni. "A WebGis tool for seismic hazard scenarios and risk analysis." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 9 (September 2009): 1274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.03.001.

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32

Goded, T., A. Lewis, and M. Stirling. "Seismic vulnerability scenarios of Unreinforced Masonry churches in New Zealand." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 9 (March 21, 2018): 3957–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0351-7.

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Navarro, Daniel, Manuel Navarro, and Ismael Vallejo. "Future urban seismic risk scenarios using a cellular automata model." European Planning Studies 28, no. 11 (December 30, 2019): 2101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1706724.

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Taillefer, Nicolas, Didier Bertil, Caterina Negulescu, Agathe Roullé, Christian Iasio, Samuel Auclair, and Robin Quique. "Seismic damage scenarios for Mayotte: a tool for disaster management." Comptes Rendus. Géoscience 354, S2 (December 13, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.120.

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35

Wijetunge, Janaka J. "A multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2019-0047.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe a multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh from active subduction zones in the Indian Ocean region. Two segments of the Sunda arc, namely, Andaman and Arakan, appear to pose a tsunamigenic seismic threat to Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach High-resolution numerical simulations of tsunami propagation toward the coast of Bangladesh have been carried out for eight plausible seismic scenarios in Andaman and Arakan subduction zones. The numerical results have been analyzed to obtain the spatial variation of the maximum tsunami amplitudes as well as tsunami arrival times for the entire coastline of Bangladesh. Findings The results suggest that the tsunami heights are amplified on either side of the axis of the submarine canyon which approaches the nearshore sea off Barisal in the seaboard off Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip. Moreover, the computed tsunami amplitudes are comparatively higher north of the latitude 21.5o in the Teknaf–Chittagong coastline. The calculated arrival times indicate that the tsunami waves reach the western half of the Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip coastline sooner, while shallow water off the eastern half results in a longer arrival time for that part of the coastline, in the event of an earthquake in the Andaman seismic zone. On the other hand, most parts of the Chittagong–Teknaf coastline would receive tsunami waves almost immediately after an earthquake in the northern segment of the Arakan seismic zone. Originality/value The present assessment includes probabilistic measures of the tsunami hazard by incorporating several probable seismic scenarios corresponding to recurrence intervals ranging from 25 years to over 1,000 years.
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Román-de la Sancha, Azucena, and Rodolfo Silva. "Multivariable Analysis of Transport Network Seismic Performance: Mexico City." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 9726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229726.

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In densely populated urban areas, predicting the post-earthquake performance of a transport network is a particularly challenging task that requires the integration of modeled structural seismic response, damage scenarios, and resulting traffic behavior. Previous approaches assessing the vulnerability and performance of networks after earthquakes have not succeeded in capturing and estimating the interdependencies between seismic risk parameters and key traffic behavior variables. This paper presents a methodology, based on data analysis and optimization, where the dynamic traffic modeling and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment are coupled, to link and characterize key network performance variables after extreme earthquakes and establish a multivariable seismic performance measure. The methodology is used to study the transport network in the southern part of Mexico City for a set of scenarios. The seismic environment is established through uniform hazard spectra derived for firm soil. Damage to structures is estimated considering site response and using fragility functions. Dynamic traffic modeling is developed to simulate damage-induced road closures and resulting in traffic variations. Post-earthquake network performance is evaluated through data envelopment analyses, obtaining sets of seismic performance boundaries, and seismic performance maps. The methodology offers a quantitative tool with applications in the planning of urban areas that are sustainable and seismic resilient.
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Dwairi, Hazim, and Mervyn Kowalsky. "Implementation of Inelastic Displacement Patterns in Direct Displacement-Based Design of Continuous Bridge Structures." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3 (August 2006): 631–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2220577.

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Through the use of nonlinear time-history analysis, the displacement patterns of bridges subjected to transverse seismic attack are investigated. The variables considered in the study consist of bridge geometry, superstructure stiffness, substructure strength and stiffness, abutment support conditions, and earthquake ground motion. A series of three inelastic displacement pattern scenarios were identified: (1) rigid body translation (2) rigid body translation with rotation, and (3) flexible pattern. A relative stiffness index that is a function of the superstructure and substructure stiffness was shown to be a key variable in determining the type of displacement pattern a bridge is likely to follow. The results described in this paper have significant implications for performance-based seismic design procedures such as direct displacement-based design (DDBD). If the displacement pattern for a bridge can be identified with significant confidence at the start of the design process, application of approaches such as DDBD can be simplified. However, if the characteristics of the bridge are such that prescribing a pattern at the start of the process is not feasible, then an alternative approach must be employed for DDBD to proceed. Of the three displacement pattern scenarios defined in this paper, the first two require minimal effort in the design. For the third scenario, an iterative algorithm is proposed. Lastly, as a means for verification and demonstration, a series of bridges with various configurations was designed using DDBD for rigid body translation and flexible pattern scenarios. The designs for the flexible scenario showed good agreement with selected target profiles for bridges with up to five spans.
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Partono, Windu, Masyhur Irsyam, and Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani. "Development of seismic risk microzonation map for Semarang due to Semarang fault earthquake scenarios with maximum magnitude 6.9 Mw." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901011.

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Research on seismic microzonation of Semarang is still ongoing. The first seismic microzonation research for this area was performed on 2015. Seismic microzonation map was developed by implementing deterministic 1-D site response analysis at 190 boring locations. Lasem fault was considered to be the main earthquake source which taken into account for seismic microzonation research of Semarang. The second research for developing seismic microzonation map was performed on 2016. Following the research conducted by Team for Updating Seismic Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2016, Rawapening Fault, Ungaran Fault, Weleri Fault, Demak Fault and Semarang Fault are five new shallow crustal fault earthquake sources identified in this research. This paper presents the development of seismic risk microzonation map caused by Semarang fault earthquake scenarios with maximum 6.9 Mw. Deterministic 1-D site response analysis was performed at 288 boring locations for developing seismic risk microzonation map. This research was performed by implementing response spectral matching and site propagation analysis. Due to inadequate data caused by Semarang fault earthquake, response spectral matching was implemented in this research to obtain modified acceleration time histories. All acceleration time histories were developed from five different earthquakes with magnitude 6.05 – 6.9 Mw and maximum epicentre distance 15 Km.
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Cherif, Seif-Eddine, Aboubakr Chaaraoui, Mimoun Chourak, Mohamed Oualid Mghazli, Abdelhay El Omari, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Urban Seismic Risk Assessment and Damage Estimation: Case of Rif Buildings (North of Morocco)." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060742.

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The interest in assessing seismic risk in earthquake-prone regions in Morocco has been increasing over recent decades, to a large extent due to the substantial amount of damage imposed by recent events and because the population in these regions has grown significantly. In this context, the present study is aimed to contribute to the understanding of seismic risk in the urban areas of the Rif region, one of the most seismically active zones of Morocco, through the development and analysis of 36 building models representative of this area. Two earthquake scenarios were considered for the assessment of the seismic hazard, based on the national seismic code and the European code adapted to local seismic parameters. The performance points, determined following generated response and capacity spectra, made it possible to establish damage probability matrices. Obtained results corroborate those of previous reports, confirming that the damage is more significant in Imzouren due to the nature of the soil. It has also been shown that the credibility of the response spectra drawn from the national code is questioned, given the extreme damage estimated. The adapted European spectrum proved to be a more reliable probabilistic earthquake scenario for damage estimation.
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Naeini, Ehsan Zabihi, and Jalil Nasseri. "Facies-based seismic inversion for a field development plan." Leading Edge 38, no. 10 (October 2019): 770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38100770.1.

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Field appraisal and development plans aim to provide the best technical solution for optimizing hydrocarbon production and require integration between various disciplines including geology, geophysics, engineering, well planning, and environmental sciences. Seismic inversion could provide one essential component for reservoir modeling in support of appraisal and development evaluations. Therefore, it is important to quantitatively assess all of the possibilities and uncertainties involved in reservoir definition and extension. A probabilistic facies-based seismic inversion method has been utilized to achieve this goal in a recent Central North Sea discovery. The probabilistic nature of the inversion allows computation of various scenarios. We categorically selected, among others, most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic scenarios based on prior knowledge and calibration at the wells. Then, we performed a statistical analysis of all of the scenarios to identify the uncertainties. We also performed a postinversion forward-modeling study to assess uncertainties that may be related to thin layers of subseismic resolution.
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Ungureanu, Bogdan, Sebastien Guenneau, Younes Achaoui, Andre Diatta, Mohamed Farhat, Harsha Hutridurga, Richard V. Craster, Stefan Enoch, and Stephane Brûlé. "The influence of building interactions on seismic and elastic body waves." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 6 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019015.

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We outline some recent research advances on the control of elastic waves in thin and thick plates, that have occurred since the large scale experiment [S. Brûlé, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 133901 (2014)] that demonstrated significant interaction of surface seismic waves with holes structuring sedimentary soils at the meter scale. We further investigate the seismic wave trajectories of compressional body waves in soils structured with buildings. A significant substitution of soils by inclusions, acting as foundations, raises the question of the effective dynamic properties of these structured soils. Buildings, in the case of perfect elastic conditions for both soil and buildings, are shown to interact and strongly influence elastic body waves; such site-city seismic interactions were pointed out in [Guéguen et al., Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92, 794–811 (2002)], and we investigate a variety of scenarios to illustrate the variety of behaviours possible.
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42

Brandão, Francisco da Silva, and Letícia Fleck Fadel Miguel. "Vibration control in buildings under seismic excitation using optimized tuned mass dampers." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 14, no. 54 (September 23, 2020): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.54.05.

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Earthquakes can cause vibration problems in many types of structures, generating large displacements. The interstory drift is a design criterion very used in seismic analysis and the structural control is an alternative to reduce these displacements and improve the performance of these structures adapting them to the imposed criteria. TMD is a device widely used due to the simple principle of operation and many successful applications in real life practice. This paper investigates the use of optimized TMD for reduction of maximum horizontal displacement at the top floor and interstory drift of a steel building under seismic excitation considering three scenarios: single TMD at the top floor; MTMD horizontally arranged at the top floor; and MTMD vertically arranged on the structure. By a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, the parameters and positions of the devices are obtained. Three real and one artificial earthquakes are employed in the simulations. The results showed that all proposed scenarios are efficient in reducing top floor response and interstory drift to values below of the interstory drift limits allowed by the standard code consulted. However, Scenario 2 presented the best reduction for the top displacement and interstory drift to the critical floor for the worst earthquake considered.
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43

Sampietro, Daniele, and Martina Capponi. "Seismic Constrained Gravity Inversion: A Reliable Tool to Improve Geophysical Models Away from Seismic Information." Geosciences 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11110467.

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The exploitation of gravity fields in order to retrieve information about subsurface geological structures is sometimes considered a second rank method, in favour of other geophysical methods, such as seismic, able to provide a high resolution detailed picture of the main geological horizons. Within the current work we prove, through a realistic synthetic case study, that the gravity field, thanks to the availability of freely of charge high resolution global models and to the improvements in the gravity inversion methods, can represent a valid and cheap tool to complete and enhance geophysical modelling of the Earth’s crust. Three tests were carried out: In the first one a simple two-layer problem was considered, while in tests two and three we considered two more realistic scenarios in which the availability on the study area of constraints derived from 3D or 2D seismic surveys were simulated. In all the considered test cases, in which we try to simulate real-life scenarios, the gravity field, inverted by means of an advanced Bayesian technique, was able to obtain a final solution closer to the (simulated) real model than the assumed a priori information, typically halving the uncertainties in the geometries of the main geological horizons with respect to the initial model.
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Cucuzza, Raffaele, Marco Martino Rosso, Angelo Aloisio, Jonathan Melchiorre, Mario Lo Giudice, and Giuseppe Carlo Marano. "Size and Shape Optimization of a Guyed Mast Structure under Wind, Ice and Seismic Loading." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104875.

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This paper discusses the size and shape optimization of a guyed radio mast for radiocommunications. The considered structure represents a widely industrial solution due to the recent spread of 5G and 6G mobile networks. The guyed radio mast was modeled with the finite element software SAP2000 and optimized through a genetic optimization algorithm (GA). The optimization exploits the open application programming interfaces (OAPI) SAP2000-Matlab. Static and dynamic analyses were carried out to provide realistic design scenarios of the mast structure. The authors considered the action of wind, ice, and seismic loads as variable loads. A parametric study on the most critical design variables includes several optimization scenarios to minimize the structure’s total self-weight by varying the most relevant parameters selected by a preliminary sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, final design considerations are discussed by highlighting the best optimization scenario in terms of the objective function and the number of parameters involved in the analysis.
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45

Lelièvre, Peter G., Colin G. Farquharson, and Charles A. Hurich. "Joint inversion of seismic traveltimes and gravity data on unstructured grids with application to mineral exploration." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 1 (January 2012): K1—K15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0154.1.

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Seismic methods continue to receive interest for use in mineral exploration due to the much higher resolution potential of seismic data compared to the techniques traditionally used, namely, gravity, magnetics, resistivity, and electromagnetics. However, the complicated geology often encountered in hard-rock exploration can make data processing and interpretation difficult. Inverting seismic data jointly with a complementary data set can help overcome these difficulties and facilitate the construction of a common earth model. We considered the joint inversion of seismic first-arrival traveltimes and gravity data to recover causative slowness and density distributions. Our joint inversion algorithm differs from previous work by (1) incorporating a large suite of measures for coupling the two physical property models, (2) slowly increasing the effect of the coupling to help avoid potential convergence issues, and (3) automatically adjusting two Tikhonov tradeoff parameters to achieve a desired fit to both data sets. The coupling measures used are both compositional and structural in nature and allow the inclusion of explicitly known or implicitly assumed empirical relationships, physical property distribution information, and cross-gradient structural coupling. For any particular exploration scenario, the combination of coupling measures used should be guided by the geologic knowledge available. We performed our inversions on unstructured grids comprised of triangular cells in 2D, or tetrahedral cells in 3D, but the joint inversion methods are equally applicable to rectilinear grids. We tested our joint inversion methodology on scenarios based on the Voisey’s Bay massive sulfide deposit in Labrador, Canada. These scenarios present a challenge to the inversion of first-arrival traveltimes and we show how joint inversion with gravity data can improve recovery of the subsurface features.
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46

Chieffo, Nicola, and Antonio Formisano. "The Influence of Geo-Hazard Effects on the Physical Vulnerability Assessment of the Built Heritage: An Application in a District of Naples." Buildings 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010026.

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The proposed study aims at analysing a sub-urban sector in the historic centre of Qualiano, located in the province of Naples (Italy), in order to assess the seismic vulnerability of the main typology classes (masonry and reinforced concrete) in the study area and the consequent expected damage scenarios. The typological and structural characterisation of the investigated area is done through the CARTIS form developed by the PLINIVS research centre together with the Italian Civil Protection Department. Subsequently, the vulnerability simulation analysis is carried out by means of a quick methodology integrated into a GIS tool in order to identify the structural units (S.U.) most susceptible at damage under seismic events. Furthermore, in order to take into account the possible damage scenarios, a parametric analysis is performed using a seismic attenuation law in order to obtain the maximization of the expected urban losses. Finally, the site and topographical local conditions, which negatively influence the severity of the seismic damage on the structures, have been taken into account in order to more correctly foresee the expected damage of the inspected sub-urban sector to be used for appropriate seismic risk mitigation plans.
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Soleimani, Nafiseh, Rachel A. Davidson, Craig Davis, Thomas D. O’Rourke, and Linda K. Nozick. "Multihazard Scenarios for Regional Seismic Risk Assessment of Spatially Distributed Infrastructure." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 27, no. 1 (March 2021): 04021001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000598.

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48

Chen, Mengdie, Sujith Mangalathu, and Jong-Su Jeon. "Bridge fragilities to network fragilities in seismic scenarios: An integrated approach." Engineering Structures 237 (June 2021): 112212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112212.

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49

Faccioli, Ezio. "Seismic hazard assessment for derivation of earthquake scenarios in Risk-UE." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 4, no. 4 (October 31, 2006): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-006-9021-2.

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50

Ribeiro, Filipe L., Paulo X. Candeias, António A. Correia, Alexandra R. Carvalho, and Alfredo Campos Costa. "Risk and Resilience Assessment of Lisbon’s School Buildings Based on Seismic Scenarios." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 8570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178570.

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The safety and resilience of school buildings against natural disasters is of paramount importance since schools represent a reference point for communities. Such significance is not only related to the direct consequences of collapse on a vulnerable part of the population, but also due to the importance of schools in the post-disaster recovery. This work is focused on the risk and resilience assessment of school buildings in Lisbon (Portugal) under seismic events. The results of this study, in which a subset of 32 schools are analyzed, are used to define a prioritization strategy to mitigate the seismic risk of the Lisbon City Council school building portfolio and to assess the overall resilience of the school network. Numerical modeling of the school buildings is performed in order to estimate losses in terms of the built-up area of the schools and recovery times associated with different seismic scenarios, which are probabilistically defined specifically for the sites of the buildings, accounting for the local soil conditions and associated amplification effects. Based on the obtained risk estimates, which are compared to reference values established on international guidelines and specialized literature, the Lisbon City Council and LNEC jointly defined a short- and medium-term risk mitigation plan, starting with a detailed inspection and assessment of the most vulnerable school buildings and continuing to the implementation of retrofitting measures.
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