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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seismic refraction method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Seismic refraction method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

1

Aldridge, David F., and Douglas W. Oldenburg. "Refractor imaging using an automated wavefront reconstruction method." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 3 (March 1992): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443252.

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The classical wavefront method for interpreting seismic refraction arrival times is implemented on a digital computer. Modern finite‐difference propagation algorithms are used to downward continue recorded refraction arrival times through a near‐surface heterogeneous velocity structure. Two such subsurface traveltime fields need to be reconstructed from the arrivals observed on a forward and reverse geophone spread. The locus of a shallow refracting horizon is then defined by a simple imaging condition involving the reciprocal time (the traveltime between source positions at either end of the spread). Refractor velocity is estimated in a subsequent step by calculating the directional derivative of the reconstructed subsurface wavefronts along the imaged interface. The principle limitation of the technique arises from imprecise knowledge of the overburden velocity distribution. This velocity information must be obtained from uphole times, direct and reflected arrivals, shallow refractions, and borehole data. Analysis of synthetic data examples indicates that the technique can accurately image both synclinal and anticlinal structures. Finally, the method is tested, apparently successfully, on a shallow refraction data‐set acquired at an archeological site in western Crete.

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Alsamarraie, Mundher. "SEISMIC REFRACTION METHOD IN THE DETERMINATION OF SITE CHARACTERISTICS." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2D (October 31, 2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2d.4ms-2020-10-26.

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Preliminary site properties need geophysical methods to determine it, the same as the large use of the seismic refraction method to detect the layers of soil and the depth reaching the bedrock. This study was conducted to find out the subsurface profile characteristics of a backyard field in UTM, Skudai following the principles of this method. The analysis of seismic data processed using ZondST2D software by determining the first arrival time until we get a block model of 2D shape based on the primary propagation of seismic velocity wave’s in soil layers. It was found that the investigated subsurface profile consists of four layers showing the level of weathering grade ranges from 600–4000 m/s based on the classification of rock mass in Malaysia. It was found that weathering rates decreased at higher depth, with the increase of density for the material and dampness reduction of seismic velocity. It was concluded that the survey of seismic refraction in development can be used only for shallow subsurface profiles and far from noise and disturbance.

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Salim, Ashadi. "Analisis Data Seismik Refraksi dengan Metode Generalized-Reciprocal." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i1.2397.

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The analysis of seismic refraction data by the generalized reciprocal method can be used for delineating undulating refractors. The forward and reverse times of arrival at different geophones with XY distance along a refraction profile, are used for calculating time depth. The seismic wave velocity in refractor may be obtained from velocity analysis function, and the depth of refractor under each geophone is obtained from time-depths function. This method has been applied at one line of seismic refraction measurement that was 440 m long with 45 geophone positions. The measurement obtained 20 m as the optimum XY-value and 2250 m/s as the velocity of seismic wave in refractor, and the undulating refractor topography with the depths varies 10.4 – 22.1 m. The optimum XY-value was obtained from approximate calculation derived from the observation, that was indicated the absent of undetected layer.

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Herlambang, N., and A. Riyanto. "Determination of bedrock depth in Universitas Indonesia using the seismic refraction method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012016.

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Abstract The seismic refraction method is used to determine the exact bedrock depth for placing a foundation pole. The study was conducted in Universitas Indonesia precisely at the Fasilkom Universitas Indonesia complex. The seismic survey configuration consists of 24 geophone channels with a length of 67.5 m, geophone intervals of 2.5 m, and near offset of 10 m. The wave source was generated using a hammer, and the distance between blows was 5 m. The secondary data used was geological data from SPT (Soil Penetration Test) borehole as a reference for comparison of seismic survey results. Seismic refraction data was processed using traditional techniques, namely the Hagedoorn’s Plus-Minus Method and tomographic inversion using Rayfract software. The correlation between the results of the process with the geological data from SPT drill point shows good results. However, the Plus-Minus Haggedorn method results are only able to show one refractor because of the data limitation, in contrast to the inversion method, which was able to show more than one refractor. There are two main refractors at a depth of 6 meters and 12 meters, and the adequate depth obtained only reaches 15 m. The maximum speed obtained is also around 900 m/s. It can be concluded up to a depth of 15 meters, and there is no recommended rock layer for placement of deep foundations for high rise buildings. A seismic survey with a longer seismic line is needed to get an underground picture exceeding 15 meters.

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Herlambang, N., and A. Riyanto. "Determination of bedrock depth in Universitas Indonesia using the seismic refraction method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012016.

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Abstract The seismic refraction method is used to determine the exact bedrock depth for placing a foundation pole. The study was conducted in Universitas Indonesia precisely at the Fasilkom Universitas Indonesia complex. The seismic survey configuration consists of 24 geophone channels with a length of 67.5 m, geophone intervals of 2.5 m, and near offset of 10 m. The wave source was generated using a hammer, and the distance between blows was 5 m. The secondary data used was geological data from SPT (Soil Penetration Test) borehole as a reference for comparison of seismic survey results. Seismic refraction data was processed using traditional techniques, namely the Hagedoorn’s Plus-Minus Method and tomographic inversion using Rayfract software. The correlation between the results of the process with the geological data from SPT drill point shows good results. However, the Plus-Minus Haggedorn method results are only able to show one refractor because of the data limitation, in contrast to the inversion method, which was able to show more than one refractor. There are two main refractors at a depth of 6 meters and 12 meters, and the adequate depth obtained only reaches 15 m. The maximum speed obtained is also around 900 m/s. It can be concluded up to a depth of 15 meters, and there is no recommended rock layer for placement of deep foundations for high rise buildings. A seismic survey with a longer seismic line is needed to get an underground picture exceeding 15 meters.

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Shen, Yang, and Jie Zhang. "Refraction wavefield migration." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (October 22, 2020): Q27—Q37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0141.1.

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Refraction methods are often applied to model and image near-surface velocity structures. However, near-surface imaging is very challenging, and no single method can resolve all of the land seismic problems across the world. In addition, deep interfaces are difficult to image from land reflection data due to the associated low signal-to-noise ratio. Following previous research, we have developed a refraction wavefield migration method for imaging shallow and deep interfaces via interferometry. Our method includes two steps: converting refractions into virtual reflection gathers and then applying a prestack depth migration method to produce interface images from the virtual reflection gathers. With a regular recording offset of approximately 3 km, this approach produces an image of a shallow interface within the top 1 km. If the recording offset is very long, the refractions may follow a deep path, and the result may reveal a deep interface. We determine several factors that affect the imaging results using synthetics. We also apply the novel method to one data set with regular recording offsets and another with far offsets; both cases produce sharp images, which are further verified by conventional reflection imaging. This method can be applied as a promising imaging tool when handling practical cases involving data with excessively weak or missing reflections but available refractions.

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Aka, Mfoniso U., Okechukwu E. Agbasi, Johnson C. Ibuot, and Mboutidem D. Dick. "ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE USING SEISMIC REFRACTION METHOD." Earth Science Malaysia 4, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/esmy.02.2020.140.145.

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Seismic refractive survey is a very important geophysical technique used to investigate the characteristics of the subsurface. The rate of building collapse has demanded the acquaintance about the structure of the subsurface especially in area where lands are recovered from water bodies for the aim of building. This paper presents the technique used in determining the thickness of the overburden for quarry prospecting using a geophysical method called as seismic refraction method. Seismic refraction method was used to delineated two distinct layers with the first layer having a weak and incompetent parameter values. The result revealed that the first layer is composed of unconsolidated formation of soft geomaterials and peaty clay that depict the lower values of parameters. This layer is underlain directly by clay, wet sand and sandy clay of soft and weak incompetent consistencies to a depth of 7 m in the subsurface. The second layer was found to have higher parameters than the first layer. The second layer revealed that the geologic formation composed of dry sand and sandy clay of fair to good competent. The geologic formation in the second layer was found to be more competent than the first layer with high allowable capacity and low ultimate failure potential. Geologically, the composition of the first layer is more recent in age of deposition than the second layer, characterized by unconsolidated geologic formation.

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Mikesell, T. Dylan, Kasper van Wijk, Elmer Ruigrok, Andrew Lamb, and Thomas E. Blum. "A modified delay-time method for statics estimation with the virtual refraction." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): A29—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0111.1.

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Topography and near-surface heterogeneities lead to traveltime perturbations in surface land-seismic experiments. Usually, these perturbations are estimated and removed prior to further processing of the data. A common technique to estimate these perturbations is the delay-time method. We have developed the “modified delay-time method,” wherein we isolate the arrival times of the virtual refraction and estimate receiver-side delay times. The virtual refraction is a spurious arrival found in wavefields estimated by seismic interferometry. The new method removes the source term from the delay-time equation, is more robust in the presence of noise, and extends the lateral aperture compared to the conventional delay-time method. We tested this in an elastic 2D numerical example, where we estimated the receiver delay-times above a horizontal refractor. Taking advantage of reciprocity of the wave equation and rearranging the common shot gathers into common receiver gathers, isolated source delay times could also be obtained.

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Lankston, Robert W., and Marian M. Lankston. "Obtaining multilayer reciprocal times through phantoming." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442038.

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A critical parameter in interpreting seismic refraction data with the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) is the reciprocal time, which must be available for each layer from which refracted rays return to the surface. The reciprocal time can be measured in the field, but this requires special equipment or procedures. Shooting to obtain the reciprocal time from each layer along a long seismic line may be operationally impractical. However, the method of phantoming arrivals overcame the problems. In phantoming, a reciprocal time is actually measured along any length of the seismic refraction line for any refractor and that value can be used as the reciprocal time in GRM processing if the first‐break arrival times are phantomed properly. Realizing that the reciprocal time may be extracted from overlapping normal forward and reverse shots and phantoming the data accordingly will save much field time and expense. An example shows the results of using a reciprocal time measured across one spread for simultaneously processing and interpreting collinear, overlapping spreads.

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Palmer, Derecke. "The measurement of weak anisotropy with the generalized reciprocal method." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 5 (September 2000): 1583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444846.

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Anisotropy parameters can be determined from seismic refraction data using the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) for a layer in which the velocity can be described with the Crampin approximation for transverse isotropy. The parameters are the standard anisotropy factor, which is the horizontal velocity divided by the vertical velocity, and a second poorly determined parameter which, for weak anisotropy, is approximated by a linear relationship with the anisotropy factor. Although only one anisotropy parameter is effectively determined, the second parameter is essential to ensure that the anisotropy does not degenerate to the elliptical condition which is indeterminate using the approach described in this paper. The anisotropy factor is taken as the value for which the phase velocity at the critical angle given by the Crampin equation is equal to the average velocity computed with the optimum XY value obtained from a GRM analysis of the refraction data. The anisotropy parameters can be used to improve the estimate of the refractor velocity, which can exhibit marked dip effects when the overlying layer is anisotropic. In a model study, depths computed with the phase velocity at the critical angle are within 3% of the true values, whereas those calculated with the horizontal phase velocity (which assumes isotropy) are greater than the true depths by about 25%. Anisotropy illustrates the pitfalls of model‐based inversion strategies, which seek agreement between the travetime data and the computed response of the model. With anisotropic layers, the traveltime data provide the seismic velocity in the overlying layer in the horizontal direction, whereas the seismic velocity near the critical angle is required for depth computations. If anisotropy is applicable, then the GRM using the methods described in this paper is able to provide a good starting model for other approaches, such as refraction tomography.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

1

Valle, G. Raul del. "Model parameterization in refraction seismology." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66057.

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Rumpfhuber, Eva-Maria. "An integrated analysis of controlled-and passive source seismic data /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Samson, Claire. "Recording the Kapuskasing pilot reflection survey with refraction instruments : a feasibility study." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66063.

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Palmer, Derecke School of Geology UNSW. "Digital processing of shallow seismic refraction data with the convolution section." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Geology, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19275.

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The refraction convolution section (RCS) is a simple and efficient method for full trace processing of shallow seismic refraction data. It facilitates improved interpretation of shallow seismic refraction data through the convenient use of amplitudes as well as traveltimes. The RCS is generated by the convolution of forward and reverse shot records. The convolution operation effectively adds the first arrival traveltimes of each pair of forward and reverse traces and produces a measure of the depth to the refracting interface in units of time which is equivalent to the time-depth function of the generalized reciprocal method (GRM). The convolution operation also multiplies the amplitudes of first arrival signals. This operation compensates for the large effects of geometric spreading to a very good first approximation, with the result that the convolved amplitude is essentially proportional to the square of the head coefficient. The head coefficient is approximately proportional to the ratio of the specific acoustic impedances in the upper layer and in the refractor, where there is a reasonable contrast between the specific acoustic impedances in the layers. The RCS can also include a separation between each pair of forward and reverse traces in order to accommodate the offset distance in a manner similar to the XY spacing of the GRM. Lateral variations in the near-surface soil layers can effect amplitudes thereby causing 'amplitude statics'. Increases in the thickness of the surface soil layer correlate with increases in refraction amplitudes. These increases are adequately described and corrected with the transmission coefficients of the Zoeppritz equations. The minimum amplitudes, rather than an average, should be used where it is not possible to map the near surface layers. The use of amplitudes with 3D data effectively improves the spatial resolution by almost an order of magnitude. Amplitudes provide a measure of refractor wavespeeds at each detector, whereas the analysis of traveltimes provides a measure over several detectors, commonly a minimum of six. The ratio of amplitudes obtained with different shot azimuths provides a detailed qualitative measure of azimuthal anisotropy. Dip filtering of the RCS removes 'cross-convolution' artifacts and provides a convenient approach to the study of later events. The RCS facilitates the stacking of refraction data in a manner similar to the CMP methods of reflection seismology. It can improve signal-to-noise ratios.

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Harsha, Senusi Mohamed. "Interpretation of Southern Georgia coastal plain velocity structure using refraction and wide-angle reflection methods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25886.

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O'Brien, Simon. "Interpretation of a seismic refraction profile from the Richardson Mountains, Yukon territory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29692.

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In March of 1987, the Geologic Survey of Canada conducted a major seismic refraction experiment in the Mackenzie Delta-Southern Beaufort Sea-Northern Yukon area. This study involves the analysis of a portion of the resulting data set. A 2D velocity profile through the Richardson Mountains of the northern Yukon has been constructed using raytracing to model the travel-times and amplitudes. The line is approximately 320 km long, running from a shotpointon the Eagle Plains in the south to one 50 km offshore in Mackenzie Bay to the north, with an average receiver spacing of 3.5 km. An additional shotpoint is located at Shingle Point, on the shore of Mackenzie Bay. A series of four sedimentary basins separated by major structural highs produces a complex basement structure. Two distinct upper crustal layers were modelled, a 5.95 km/s layer overlying a 6.3 km/s layer, as well as a lower crustal layer with a velocity of 7.25 km/s. Crustal velocity gradients are low (≤ 0.005 s⁻¹). The 6.3 km/s layer pinches out beneath the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin in the north, accompanied by a thinning of the lower crust from a thickness of 20 km in the south to less than 10 km beneath MB. This results in the crust as a whole thinning from a thickness of 50 km under the Richardson Mountains to only 40 km under the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. The velocity of the upper mantle is 7.95 km/s. The modelling of shear wave arrivals indicate Poisson's ratios of 0.23 ±0.02 in the upper crust and 0.25 + 0.02 in the lower crust.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
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Sen, Ashok Kumar. "Removing near-surface effects in seismic data : application for determination of faults in the Coastal Plain sediments /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020215/.

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Jiao, Lingxiu. "Imaging of the Sudbury Structure, Ontario, Canada, using the seismic reflection and refraction method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62644.pdf.

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Heimgartner, Michelle N. "The geophysical structure of the Sierra Nevada crustal root." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442856.

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Dufour, Jocelyn. "Refraction static analysis of P-S seismic data using the plus-minus time analysis method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20824.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

1

Heigold, Paul C. Seismic reflection and seismic refraction surveying in northeastern Illinois. Champaign, Ill. (615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign 61820): Illinois State Geological Survey, 1990.

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ten, Brink Uri S., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE), California: Off-shore seismic refraction data. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Lavergne, M. Seismic methods. Paris: Editions Technip, 1989.

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Lavergne, M. Seismic methods. London: Graham & Trotman, 1989.

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E, Magner J., United States. Defense Nuclear Agency, United States. Dept. of Energy. Nevada Operations Office, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A portable vacuum hammer seismic source for use in tunnel environments. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1993.

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M, Epinatʹeva A., ed. Metod prelomlennykh voln. Moskva: "Nedra", 1990.

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S, Fuis Gary, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Empirical relationship among shot size, shotpoint site condition, and recording distance for 1984-1987 U.S. Geological Survey Seismic-Refraction Data. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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V, Timoshin I͡U. Seĭsmicheskai͡a golografii͡a slozhnopostroennykh sred. Moskva: "Nedra", 1989.

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S, Fuis Gary, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Empirical relationship among shot size, shotpoint site condition, and recording distance for 1984-1987 U.S. Geological Survey Seismic-Refraction Data. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Douglas, Catchings Rufus, ed. Data report for the 1984 U.S. Geological Survey central Columbia Plateau seismic refraction experiment, Washington--Oregon. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

1

Zelt, Colin A. "Seismic refraction methods." In Engineering Geophysics, 107–16. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184676-10.

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Crutchley, Gareth J., and Heidrun Kopp. "Reflection and Refraction Seismic Methods." In Submarine Geomorphology, 43–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57852-1_4.

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El-Kelani, Radwan, and Abdelhaleem Khader. "Refraction Seismic Study Over a Proposed Landfill Site in South West Bank, Palestine." In On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 99–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_22.

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Farfour, Mohammed, and Talal Al-Hosni. "Application of Seismic Refraction Tomography to Map Bedrock: A Case Study from Al-Amrat, Oman." In On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 103–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_23.

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Nowack, Robert L. "Applications of Inverse Methods to the Analysis of Refraction and Wide-Angle Seismic Data." In Inverse Problems in Wave Propagation, 395–417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1878-4_20.

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Mohamed, Adel, Hosni Ghazala, and Hany Mesbah. "Effectiveness of DC Resistivity Imaging and Shallow Seismic Refraction Techniques Around El Giza-Pyramid Plateau, Egypt." In On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 57–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_12.

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Hall, M. V. "Depth Variation of Acoustic Horizontal Refraction through a Cold-Core Ocean Eddy." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics, 267–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_43.

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Chinedu, Ani. "Application of Varying Geometric Spreads in Seismic Refraction Studies to Characterize the Overburden Strata on the Flanks of Zaria Dam, Northwestern Nigeria." In On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 117–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_26.

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"(seismic) refraction method." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1194. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_191817.

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"Seismic Exploration: The Refraction Method." In Introduction to Applied Geophysics, 65–148. Cambridge University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009433112.005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

1

Khosrojerdi, Mehdi, and H. R. SiahKoohi. "Refraction Interferometery Reciprocal Method (RIRM) for Seismic Refraction Data analysis." In First International Conference on Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144003.

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Hanafy, Sherif M. "Seismic Refraction Interpretation Using Finite Difference Method." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2005. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2923415.

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Holst, Roger, Stephen Jumper, and Howell Pardue. "An interactive seismic refraction statics correction method." In 1985 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. SEG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892672.

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M. Hanafy, Sherif. "Seismic Refraction Interpretation Using Finite Difference Method." In 18th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.183.1012-1024.

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Stanic, S. "Use of seismic refraction method in environmental geophysics." In 3rd EEGS Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407338.

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Seisa, H. H. "The Common Refractor Element ‐CRE‐ method for interpretation of shallow refraction seismic data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826799.

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Hayashi, K. "Application of High Resolution Seismic Refraction Method to Civil Engineering." In 61st EAGE Conference and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407812.

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Sule, M. R., and I. Dani. "Detection of Landslide Plane by Using Refraction Seismic Tomography Method." In Near Surface Geoscience 2015 - 21st European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413694.

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Engelsfeld, T., F. Šumanovac, V. Krstic, and N. Pavin. "Investigation of Near-surface Anomalies Using the Refraction Seismic Method." In Near Surface 2010 - 16th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144912.

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Hunter, J. A., S. E. Pullan, and M. A. Lockhard. "A vertical seismic array method for shallow seismic refraction surveying of the sea floor." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892228.

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Reports on the topic "Seismic refraction method"

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Goodwin, J. A., W. Jiang, A. J. Meixner, S. R. B. McAlpine, S. Buckerfield, M. G. Nicoll, and M. Crowe. Estimating cover thickness in the Southern Thomson Orogen: results from the pre-drilling application of refraction seismic, audio-magnetotelluric and targeted magnetic inversion modelling methods on proposed borehole sites. Geoscience Australia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2017.021.

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