Journal articles: 'Seismic prospecting Australia, Central'

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Fainstein, Roberto, Juvêncio De Deus Correia do Rosário, Helio Casimiro Guterres, Rui Pena dos Reis, and Luis Teófilo da Costa. "Coastal and offshore provinces of Timor-Leste — Geophysics exploration and drilling." Leading Edge 39, no. 8 (August 2020): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39080543.1.

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Regional geophysics research provides for prospect assessment of Timor-Leste, part of the Southeast Asia Archipelago in a region embracing the Banda Arc, Timor Island, and the northwest Australia Gondwana continental margin edge. Timor Island is a microcontinent with several distinct tectonic provinces that developed initially by rifting and drifting away from the Australian Plate. A compressive convergence began in the Miocene whereby the continental edge of the large craton collided with the microcontinent, forming a subduction zone under the island. The bulk of Timor Island consists of a complex mélange of Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, and volcanic features over a basal Gondwana craton. Toward the north, the offshore consists of a Tertiary minibasin facing the Banda Arc Archipelago, with volcanics interspersed onshore with the basal Gondwana pre-Permian. A prominent central overthrust nappe of Jurassic and younger layers makes up the mountains of Timor-Leste, terminating south against an accretionary wedge formed by this ongoing collision of Timor and Australia. The northern coast of the island is part of the Indonesian back arc, whereas the southern littoral onshore plus shallow waters are part of the accretionary prism. Deepwater provinces embrace the Timor Trough and the slope of the Australian continental margin being the most prospective region of Timor-Leste. Overall crust and mantle tectonic structuring of Timor-Leste is interpreted from seismic and potential field data, focusing mostly on its southern offshore geology where hydrocarbon prospectivity has been established with interpretation of regional seismic data and analyses of gravity, magnetic, and earthquake data. Well data tied to seismic provides focal points for stratigraphic correlation. Although all the known producing hydrocarbon reservoirs of the offshore are Jurassic sands, interpretation of Permian and Triassic stratigraphy provides knowledge for future prospect drilling risk assessment, both onshore and offshore.

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Bendall, Malcolm, Clive Burrett, Paul Heath, Andrew Stacey, and Enzo Zappaterra. "Seeing through the dolerite-seismic imaging of petroleum systems, Tasmania, Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14024.

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Prior to the onshore work of Empire Energy Corporation International (Empire) it was widely believed that the widespread sheets (>650 m thick) of Jurassic dolerite (diabase) would not only have destroyed the many potential petroleum source and reservoir rocks in the basin but would also absorb seismic energy and would be impossible to drill. By using innovative acquisition parameters, however, major and minor structures and formations can be identified on the 1,149 km of 2D Vibroseis. Four Vibroseis trucks were used with a frequency range of 6–140 Hz with full frequency sweeps close together, thereby achieving maximum input and return signal. Potential reservoir and source rocks may be seismically mapped within the Gondwanan Petroleum System (GPS) of the Carboniferous to Triassic Parmeener Supergroup in the Tasmania Basin. Evidence for a working GPS is from a seep of migrated, Tasmanite-sourced, heavy crude oil in fractured dolerite and an oil-bearing breached reservoir in Permian siliciclastics. Empire’s wells show that each dolerite sheet consists of several intrusive units and that contact metamorphism is usually restricted to within 70 m of the sheets’ lower margins. In places, there are two thick sheets, as on Bruny Island. One near-continuous 6,500 km2 sheet is mapped seismically across central Tasmania and is expected, along with widespread Permian mudstones, to have acted as an excellent regional seal. The highly irregular pre-Parmeener unconformity can be mapped across Tasmania and large anticlines (Bellevue and Thunderbolt prospects and Derwent Bridge Anticline) and probable reefs can be seismically mapped beneath this unconformity within the Ordovician Larapintine Petroleum System. Two independent calculations of mean undiscovered potential (or prospective) resources in structures defined so far by Empire’s seismic surveys are 596.9 MMBOE (millions of barrels of oil equivalent) and 668.8 MMBOE.

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Ambrose, G. J., P. D. Kruse, and P. E. Putnam. "GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTHERN GEORGINA BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00007.

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The Georgina Basin is an intracratonic basin on the central-northern Australian craton. Its southern portion includes a highly prospective Middle Cambrian petroleum system which remains largely unexplored. A plethora of stratigraphic names plagued previous exploration but the lithostratigraphy has now been rationalised using previously unpublished electric-log correlations and seismic and core data.Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of the southern portion of the basin cover an area of 100,000 km2 and thicken into two main depocentres, the Toko and Dulcie Synclines. In and between these depocentres, a Middle Cambrian carbonate succession comprising Thorntonia Limestone and Arthur Creek Formation provides a prospective reservoir-source/seal couplet extending over 80,000 km2. The lower Arthur Creek Formation includes world class microbial source rocks recording total organic carbon (TOC) values of up to 16% and hydrocarbon yields up to 50 kg/tonne. This blanket source/seal unconformably overlies sheetlike, platform dolostone of the Thorntonia Limestone which provides the prime target reservoir. Intra- Arthur Creek high-permeability grainstone shoals are important secondary targets.In the Toko Syncline, Middle Cambrian source rocks entered the oil window during the Ordovician, corresponding to major sediment loading at this time. The gas window was reached prior to structuring associated with the Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous Alice Springs Orogeny, and source rocks today lie in the dry gas window. In contrast, high-temperature basement granites have resulted in overmaturity of the Arthur Creek Formation in the Dulcie Syncline area. On platform areas adjacent to both these depocentres source rocks reached peak oil generation shortly after the Alice Springs Orogeny; numerous structural leads have been identified in these areas. In addition, an important stratigraphic play occurs in the Late Cambrian Arrinthrunga Formation (Hagen Member) on the southwestern margin of the basin. Key elements of the play are the pinchout of porous oil-stained, vuggy dolostone onto basement where top seal is provided by massive anhydrite while underlying Arthur Creek Formation shale provides a potential source.

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Frery, Emanuelle, Conor Byrne, Russell Crosbie, Alec Deslandes, Tim Evans, Christoph Gerber, Cameron Huddlestone-Holmes, et al. "Fault-Related Fluid Flow Implications for Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development, Beetaloo Sub-Basin (Northern Territory, Australia)." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010037.

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This study assesses potential geological connections between the unconventional petroleum plays in the Beetaloo Sub-basin, regional aquifers in overlying basins, and the near surface water assets in the Beetaloo Sub-basin Northern Territory, Australia. To do so, we built an innovative multi-disciplinary toolbox including multi-physics and multi-depth imaging of the geological formations, as well as the study of potentially active tectonic surface features, which we combined with measurement of the helium content in water sampled in the aquifer systems and a comparative analysis of the surface drainage network and fault lineaments orientation. Structures, as well as potential natural active and paleo-fluid or gas leakage pathways, were imaged with a reprocessing and interpretation of existing and newly acquired Beetaloo seismic reflection 2D profiles and magnetic datasets to determine potential connections and paleo-leakages. North to north-northwest trending strike slip faults, which have been reactivated in recent geological history, are controlling the deposition at the edges of the Beetaloo Sub-basin. There are two spring complexes associated with this system, the Hot Spring Valley at the northern edge of the eastern Beetaloo Sub-basin and the Mataranka Springs 10 km north of the western sub-basin. Significant rectangular stream diversions in the Hot Spring Valley also indicates current or recently active tectonics. This suggests that those deep-rooted fault systems are likely to locally connect the shallow unconfined aquifer with a deeper gas or fluid source component, possibly without connection with the Beetaloo unconventional prospective plays. However, the origin and flux of this deeper source is unknown and needs to be further investigated to assess if deep circulation is happening through the identified stratigraphic connections. Few north-west trending post-Cambrian fault segments have been interpreted in prospective zones for dry gas plays of the Velkerri Formation. The segments located in the northern part of the eastern Beetaloo Sub-basin do not show any evidence of modern leakages. The segments located around Elliot, in the south of the eastern Beetaloo Sub-basin, as well as low-quality seismic imaging of potential faults in the central part of the western sub-basin, could have been recently reactivated. They could act as open pathways of fluid and gas leakage, sourced from the unconventional plays, deeper formations of the Beetaloo Sub-basin or even much deeper origin, excluding the mantle on the basis of low 3He/4He ratios. In those areas, the data are sparse and of poor quality; further field work is necessary to assess whether such pathways are currently active.

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Townson, W. G. "THE SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE WESTERN OFFICER BASIN — RESULTS OF SHELL'S 1980-1984 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION CAMPAIGN." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84003.

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The Officer Basin described in this paper includes four Proterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic sub-basins (Gibson, Yowalga, Lennis, Waigen) which extend in a northwest to southeast belt across 200 000 sq. km of central Western Australia. These sub-basins are bounded by Archaean to Proterozoic basement blocks and are almost entirely concealed by a veneer of Permian and Cretaceous sediments. Depth to magnetic basement locally exceeds eight kilometres.Until recently, information on the sub-surface geology was limited to shallow levels, based on the results of a petroleum exploration campaign in the 1960s and the work of State and Federal Geological Surveys. In 1980, the Shell Company of Australia was awarded three permits (46 200 sq. km) covering the Yowalga and Lennis Sub-basins. The results of 4700 km of seismic data and three deep wildcat wells, combined with gravity, aeromagnetic, Landsat, outcrop and corehole information, has led to a better understanding of the regional subsurface geology.The Lennis Sub-basin appears to contain Lower to Middle Proterozoic sediments, whereas the Yowalga Sub- basin is primarily an Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian sequence which comprises a basal clastic section, a middle carbonate and evaporite sequence and an upper clastic section. Widespread Middle Cambrian basalts cap the Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian prospective sequence. Late Proterozoic uplift resulted in salt- assisted gravity tectonics leading to complex structural styles, especially in the basin axis.Despite oil shows, organic matter in the oil and gas generation windows and reservoir-quality sandstones with interbedded shales, no convincing source rocks or hydrocarbon accumulations have yet been located. The area remains, however, one of the least explored basins in Australia.

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Wright, C., B. R. Goleby, C. D. N. Collins, R. J. Korsch, T. Barton, S. A. Greenhalgh, and S. Sugiharto. "Deep Seismic profiling in central Australia." Tectonophysics 173, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90221-s.

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Hopkins, Roy M. "THE CENTRAL AUSTRALIAN BASINS." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88030.

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The Amadeus and Ngalia Basins are two of several intracratonic basins situated in the central region of the Australian Continent and underlain by Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks.In the Amadeus Basin, the preserved sedimentary section has been deformed by several orogenic events through geological history, with salt tectonics playing an important role in the structural evolution. The Ordovician System is the primary exploration objective. The Cambrian and Proterozoic sequences, which also carry rock strata having source, reservoir and sealing properties, are secondary targets. However, these latter units are sparsely explored, and only limited information is available on their petroleum prospectiveness. Three of the four petroleum accumulations found to date are in Ordovician sandstones, with the fourth accumulation contained in Cambrian sandstones.The initial drilling phase in the Amadeus Basin in the early 1960s was concentrated on geologically defined surface antic :nes, with seismic surveying becoming the principal technique employed in subsequent exploration phases. The ongoing work has demonstrated a major untested structural play associated with a regional thrust fault system — in particular, combination dip and fault closures developed on the underthrust blocks. Stratigraphic prospects also are present in the Amadeus Basin, but none of these yet has been drilled.The Ngalia Basin is similar stratigraphically and structurally to the Amadeus Basin and is considered prospective for oil and gas. Much less work has been done in the Ngalia than in the Amadeus, with only one well drilled in the entire basin. The well yielded a gas snow from a Proterozoic formation, and other direct hydrocarbon indications have been recorded elsewhere in the basin. Rock units having source, reservoir and sealing parameters are present, as are structures capable of forming traps. Again, these are associated largely with a complex regional thrust fault system.

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Liang, Shasha, and Brian L. N. Kennett. "Passive seismic imaging of a craton edge – Central Australia." Tectonophysics 797 (December 2020): 228662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228662.

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Smith, Nicholas R. A., Anya M. Reading, Michael W. Asten, and Charles W. Funk. "Depth to basement and seismic velocity structure from passive seismic soundings in central Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (December 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2013ab234.

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Wright, C., B. R. Goleby, C. D. N. Collins, B. L. N. Kennett, S. Sugiharto, and S. Greenhalgh. "Some Preliminary Results from Regional Seismic Profiling in Central Australia." Exploration Geophysics 18, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1987): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg987227.

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Eakin, Caroline M., Claire Flashman, and Shubham Agrawal. "Seismic anisotropy beneath Central Australia: A record of ancient lithospheric deformation." Tectonophysics 820 (December 2021): 229123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229123.

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Cao, S., B. R. Goleby, and B. L. N. Kennett. "Modelling Seismic Reflections In Central Australia By The 3D Isochronal Technique." Exploration Geophysics 22, no. 3 (September 1991): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg991525.

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Korsch, R. J., B. R. Goleby, J. H. Leven, and B. J. Drummond. "Crustal architecture of central Australia based on deep seismic reflection profiling." Tectonophysics 288, no. 1-4 (March 1998): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00283-7.

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Angove, Ron. "THE POINT TORMENT SEISMIC SURVEY: A SEMI-PORTABLE SEISMIC OPERATION." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84021.

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Point Torment, an area of low-lying tidal mudflats and adjacent coastal peninsula, was the site of a seismic survey unique to Australian geophysical exploration. This survey was conducted by Esso Australia Ltd and the area, part of EP 104, is located north of the township of Derby in Western Australia.Surface conditions in the area varied from thickly wooded grassland on the peninsula to open mudflats. Vehicle access to the mudflats was severely restricted and helicopter support was necessary to maintain the seismic operation throughout. The operation was extremely labour intensive; for example, line-cutting through mangrove areas was carried out by hand.Seismic recording was achieved using an OPSEIS* 5500 digital radio telemetry system. With this system data is collected by portable field units labelled Remote Telemetry Units (RTU's) and subsequently retrieved by Radio telemetry and permanently stored on magnetic tape by a Central Recording Station (CRS). This was the first instance of this system being employed in Australia.

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Ou, Qingxian, and Dumming Deng. "Advances of geophysical prospecting for petroleum in marine carbonate areas of the upper Yangtze region, southern China." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 5 (September 1995): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443866.

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In the marine carbonate area of the upper Yangtze region, southern China, including parts of Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces, complex subsurface structures and undulating surface terrain exist because of multiple tectonic events. Various geophysical prospecting methods have been conducted in local areas in an attempt to map these structures. In the Guizhou Plateau, a carbonate‐exposed area, crooked seismic lines were acquired using vibrators as the main source, supplemented with dynamite. In Sichuan Province, a mountainous area, regional seismic profiles, wide‐line profiling, and 3-D seismic surveys were conducted. These were accomplished with portable air drills and human transport. Data processing techniques were designed to improve data quality in the presence of noise and to image complex structures. In central Sichuan Province, high‐resolution and converted‐wave seismic surveys were carried out for imaging complex structures and for collecting lithologic parameters. These methods have enabled us to get effective information from complex structural, mountainous, and carbonate‐exposed hilly areas in the upper Yangtze region of southern China. These collective efforts have produced a database appropriate for sedimentology, tectonic, and prospective area evaluation studies.

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Zhou, Binzhong, Peter Hatherly, Troy Peters, and Weijia Sun. "Coal seismic surveying over near-surface basalts: Experience from Central Queensland, Australia." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): B109—B122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0259.1.

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Seismic reflection surveying in basalt-covered areas often fails to image underlying reflectors. To gain insights into the nature of the problem and obtain potential solutions, we have conducted experimental 2D seismic reflection and offset VSP surveys at two coal mines in the Bowen Basin of Australia. At the first mine, the basalt is relatively deep (114 m) and relatively thin (20 m). Conventional seismic acquisition and processing of a 2D seismic line provide poor results. However, upgoing reflections from layers below the basalt are clearly evident in the VSP survey and prestack depth migration is able to improve the continuity of the reflectors beneath the basalt. At the second mine, the 360 m wide basalt is at a depth of 40 m and has a thickness of about 40 m. It is fresh and unweathered and consists of multiple flows which are interlayered with unconsolidated sediments. Long-offset data acquisition combined with prestack depth migration was expected to produce satisfactory results but this is not the case. The associated VSP survey suggests that the problems at this mine are due to (1) the generation of complex downgoing and upgoing wave-fields within the basalt and (2) significant scattering of surface waves from outside the basalt at the margins of the basalt. Another problem is that the target coal seams are at about 300 m depth and the muting required to remove refraction events limited the effectiveness of the prestack depth migration. Reducing the strength of the surface waves through selection of an appropriate source and placement of shots at the base of the low-velocity zone (as had been the case at the first mine) will therefore improve the chances for a successful outcome. A Vibroseis survey subsequently undertaken at the second mine, which produced shot records with reduced surface waves, shows this to be the case.

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Plummer, P. "Seismic images grounded zone wedge in Neoproterozoic glacials, Amadeus Basin, central Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2018.1512159.

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Greenhalgh, S. A., Cedric Wright, Bruce Goleby, and Sugiharto Soleman. "Seismic anisotrdpy in granuulte facies rocks of the Arunta Block, central Australia." Geophysical Research Letters 17, no. 10 (September 1990): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl017i010p01513.

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Sippl, Christian. "Moho geometry along a north–south passive seismic transect through Central Australia." Tectonophysics 676 (April 2016): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.031.

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Deen, Tara, and Karsten Gohl. "3‐D tomographic seismic inversion of a paleochannel system in central New South Wales, Australia." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 5 (September 2002): 1364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512741.

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Buried paleochannels are of significant interest for understanding hydrological mechanisms and their potential as alluvial gold deposits. Seismic tomographic methods are a suitable solution for resolving the vertical and horizontal structure of such features. We assess a method for seismic 3‐D tomographic inversion from refraction arrivals with reflection control over a suspected paleochannel adjacent to the Wyalong gold fields in the Lachlan fold belt of central New South Wales, Australia. A standard multichannel engineering seismic recording and cable–receiver system was used on a 3‐D field geometry of multiple linear arrays. More than 3000 P‐wave first‐arrival traveltime values were inverted using a regularized inversion scheme for which simplified 2‐D models served as initial velocity–depth models for the complete 3‐D inversion. Seismic reflection arrivals provided additional depth estimates to the bedrock and compensated for a lack of refraction phases at that depth. Correlating the 3‐D seismic velocity–depth data with existing drillhole and nonseismic geophysical data resulted in a detailed structural and compositional interpretation of the paleochannel and the incised regolith. The model suggests the presence of a system of deposits from meandering channels overlying a metasedimentary bedrock formation. The general paleodrainage deposit is relatively conductive in electromagnetic surveys, indicating a potential saline storage or transport mechanism.

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Pang, Yao, Lijun Yan, Yuan Liu, Lin Tang, Rui Zhu, and Guofeng Liu. "Seismic Wave Finite-Difference Forward Modeling for Orogenic Gold Deposits." Minerals 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111465.

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The demand for deep prospecting has led to an increase in the enthusiasm for seismic techniques in mineral exploration. Reflection seismology applications in the base metal industry have achieved success. For orogenic gold deposits, however, their applicable conditions remain to be investigated. This paper simulated seismic wave propagation based on a finite-difference algorithm with an accuracy of eighth order in space and second order in time to investigate the factors influencing the reflection seismic exploration results. Then, the paper assessed the algorithm’s feasibility for orogenic gold deposits, taking the giant Zaozigou deposit in central China as an example. The forward modeling showed that the petrophysical properties, dimensions, and dip of targets significantly affected the seismic exploration results. In the Zaozigou model, shallowly dipping orebodies were well imaged with precise extension and thickness. Steeply dipping orebodies were recognized but their thickness information was lost. Steeply dipping orebodies at depth were not detectable under a surface configuration. These problems could be effectively solved by increasing the array length and using vertical seismic profiling methods. For small orebodies, multiwave and multicomponent seismic techniques offered more valuable information in terms of mineral exploration. In conclusion, it was possible to locate orogenic gold deposits using the reflection seismology method.

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Qiu, Sh, and N. A. Kasyanova. "Features of the geological structure, tectonic development and oil and gas potential of the Chezhen depression (Bohai bay basin)." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration 63, no. 5 (August 30, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2020-63-5-8-16.

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Background. In terms of oil and gas, the territory of the Chezhen depression has been studied insufficiently compared to the neighbouring same-range depressions. These depressions complicate the first-order Jiyang depression, geographically coinciding with the largest Shengli hydrocarbon field. In recent years, much geological and geophysical information about the oil geologyof the Chezhen depression has been accumulated, which allows its prospecting oil and gas potential to be assessed.Aim. To reveal regular features of the geological structure and location of oil deposits in the Chezhen depression in order to support the prospecting and exploration work within the Chezhen block of the Shengli field.Materials and methods. A comprehensive analysis of literature data and collected materials was conducted. A historical and geodynamic study of the evolution of the studied area according to literature data was carried out, along with an analysis of the most recent geological and geophysical information and exploration data based on the materials of the “Shengli AKOO Sinopek” oil company. The analysis was based on the data from 52 drilling wells and the results of seismic surveys performed in the central part of the Chezhen depression.Results. Specific features of the block geological structure of the area under study were established, which formed under the repeated influence of large-scale horizontal tectonic movements occurring at different periods of geological history. The role of the most recent fault system in the modern spatial distribution of oil deposits was determined.Conclusions. Our studies demonstrate a great prospecting potential of the Chezhen depression territory, where the discovery of new industrial oil deposits can be expected.

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McKavanagh, Byron, Bruce Boreham, Kevin McCue, Gary Gibson, Jennifer Hafner, and George Klenowski. "The CQU Regional Seismic Network and applications to underground mining in Central Queensland, Australia." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 145, no. 1 (October 1995): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00879482.

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Hawemann, Friedrich, Neil S. Mancktelow, Sebastian Wex, Alfredo Camacho, and Giorgio Pennacchioni. "Pseudotachylyte as field evidence for lower-crustal earthquakes during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (Musgrave Block, Central Australia)." Solid Earth 9, no. 3 (May 9, 2018): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-629-2018.

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Abstract. Geophysical evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes in almost all collisional orogens is in conflict with the widely accepted notion that rocks, under high grade conditions, should flow rather than fracture. Pseudotachylytes are remnants of frictional melts generated during seismic slip and can therefore be used as an indicator of former seismogenic fault zones. The Fregon Subdomain in Central Australia was deformed under dry sub-eclogitic conditions of 600–700 °C and 1.0–1.2 GPa during the intracontinental Petermann Orogeny (ca. 550 Ma) and contains abundant pseudotachylyte. These pseudotachylytes are commonly foliated, recrystallized, and cross-cut by other pseudotachylytes, reflecting repeated generation during ongoing ductile deformation. This interplay is interpreted as evidence for repeated seismic brittle failure and post- to inter-seismic creep under dry lower-crustal conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of the pseudotachylyte bulk composition gives the same PT conditions of shearing as in surrounding mylonites. We conclude that pseudotachylytes in the Fregon Subdomain are a direct analogue of current seismicity in dry lower continental crust.

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Tukiainen, Tapani, and Leif Thorning. "Detection of kimberlitic rocks in West Greenland using airborne hyperspectral data: the HyperGreen 2002 project." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 7 (July 29, 2005): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v7.4845.

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Previous investigations by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and exploration companies have demonstrated that some of the kimberlites in West Greenland are diamond bearing, making the region an important target for diamond prospecting. High-resolution hyperspectral (HS) remote sensing data have been successfully used for the location of kimberlitic rocks, e.g. in Australia and Africa. However, its potential as a viable method for the mapping of kimberlite occurrences in Arctic glaciated terrain with high relief was previously unknown. In July–August 2002, GEUS conducted an airborne hyperspectral survey in central West Greenland (Fig. 1) using the commercially available HyMap hyperspectral scanner operated by HyVista Corporation, Australia. Data were processed in 2003, and in 2004 follow-up field work was carried out in the Kangerlussuaq region to test possible kimberlites indicated by the HS data (Fig. 1). The project wasfinanced by the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, Government of Greenland.

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Dawson, Stuart J., Peter J. Adams, Kris I. Waddington, Katherine E. Moseby, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Recovery of Pindan vegetation on seismic lines." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 5 (2019): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19051.

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Exploration for oil and gas resources requiring the clearing of seismic lines has been occurring in central and northern Australia for many years. For example, seismic surveys have been conducted in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia since the 1960s. Despite this being a widespread practice, the recovery of vegetation on seismic lines has not been well studied. To better understand vegetation recovery in the West Kimberley, we conducted vegetation surveys on recovering seismic lines cleared using a raised-blade technique, from ∼two months to 4.9 years post-clearing, and compared them to paired control plots. Generally, the vegetation structure and community composition on seismic lines recovered quickly, with no discernible difference between control and seismic plots that were cleared more than 6 months prior. Some individual vegetation characteristics (e.g. understorey density and overstorey cover) recovered slowly, whereas other characteristics such as the number of individual grasses, recovered quickly. Vegetation recovery was confounded by the time since fire, which accounted for differences in vegetation structure at 1–2 years and 3–4 years since clearing. The fast recovery rate observed suggests that raised-blade clearing may not present a lasting impact on Pindan vegetation in the West Kimberley.

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Kirkby, Alison, and Jingming Duan. "Crustal Structure of the Eastern Arunta Region, Central Australia, From Magnetotelluric, Seismic, and Magnetic Data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 124, no. 8 (August 2019): 9395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016223.

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Nelson, R. G., T. N. Crabb, and R. A. Gerdes. "A REVIEW OF GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION IN THE POLDA BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85028.

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The Polda Basin is an intracratonic basin, at least 5000 m in depth, extending from the edge of the Great Australian Bight nearly 400 km east to the centre of Eyre Peninsula in southern South Australia, it can now be recognised as a structural feature of some antiquity, originating possibly as a crustal downwarp in Proterozoic time during the same orogenic regime that gave rise to the Officer and Amadeus basins of central Australia, with which it has strong affinities. Its internal structure indicates that it has been subject to the same orogenic episodes that have affected southern and central Australia, culminating in rotational block faulting associated with the final pull-apart of Gondwanaland. Extensive salt mobilisation observed on seismic sections, confirmed by the drilling of the Mercury 1 and Columbia 1 wells, supports the concept of the basin's Cambrian or Precam-brian origins.The exploration history of the basin is a useful example of the application of a number of geophysical disciplines to arrive at a satisfactory interpretation. A reappraisal of geophysical data was undertaken after Outback Oil N.L. drillhole Gemini 1 penetrated 'uneconomic' basement at 856 m, far short of the anticipated sedimentary section of 1830-2440 m. Interpretation of shipborne magnetic data, not previously considered, indicated that a seismic horizon close to where Gemini 1 penetrated igneous rock was related to a thin layer of magnetic material which did not correspond to deep magnetic basement. Further detailed aeromagnetic and seismic studies confirmed this interpretation, which was tested by the drilling of two exploration wells. Mercury 1 and Columbia 1. Although unsuccessful as hydrocarbon discovery wells, these two wells confirmed the overall validity of the interpretation. Stratigraphic information derived from these wells and from further geophysical studies and drilling onshore have led to a new assessment of the basin and its potential.

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Young, D., R. Brockett, and J. Smart. "AUSTRALIA—SOVEREIGN RISK AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04017.

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Australia has rejoiced in its reputation for having low sovereign risk and corresponding rating, for decades. This reputation was bruised in the first decade after the High Court introduced Native Title into Australian law by the legislative response of the then Government, but has since recovered, and enjoys the world’s lowest country risk rating, and shares the worlds best sovereign risk rating with the USA. A number of government precipitated occurrences in recent times, however, raise the question: for how long can this continue?This paper tracks the long history of occasional broken resource commitments—for both petroleum and mining interests—by governments at both State and Federal level, and the policies which have driven these breaches. It also discusses the notorious recent cancellation of a resource lease by the Queensland Government, first by purporting to cancel the bauxite lease and, after legal action had commenced, by a special Act of Parliament to repeal a State Agreement Act. This has raised concerns in boardrooms around the world of the security of assets held in Australia on a retention, or care and maintenance basis.The paper also looks at the cancellation of the offshore prospecting rights held by WMC, with no compensation. This was a result of the concept that rights extinguished by the Commonwealth, with no gain to the Commonwealth or any other party do not constitute an acquisition of property, thereby denying access to the constitutional guarantee of ’just terms’ supposedly enshrined in the Australian Constitution where an acquisition has occurred.Some other examples are the prohibition on exploration in Queensland national parks last November. This cost some companies with existing tenures a lot of money as exploration permits were granted, but then permission to do seismic exploration refused (Victoria). Several losses of rights occurred as a result of the new Queensland Petroleum and Other Acts Amendment Act after investments have been made.Changes in fiscal policy can also impact on project viability, and some instances of this are considered.This paper also explores ways these risks can be minimised, and how and when compensation might be recovered.

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Tokarski, Antek K., and Piotr J. Strzelecki. "Fractured clasts in the Mt Currie Conglomerate at Kata Tjuta (Central Australia): evidence of Early Cambrian earthquakes?" Geology, Geophysics and Environment 46, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2020.46.1.29.

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Lower Cambrian Mt Currie conglomerate at Kata Tjuta bornhardts (Central Australia) bears numerous fractured clasts. Clast-cutting fractures are restricted to particular clasts, the matrix of the conglomerate is not fractured. The fractures are tectonic joints of two sets. The joints were formed due to either seismic or aseismic deformation. In the former case, the fractures may result from Early Paleozoic earthquakes.

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Havenith, H. B., A. Strom, D. Jongmans, A. Abdrakhmatov, D. Delvaux, and P. Tréfois. "Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 1/2 (April 30, 2003): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-135-2003.

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Abstract. Landslides triggered by strong earthquakes often caused most of the global damage and most of all casualties related to the events, such as shown by the M = 7.7 Peru earthquake in 1970, by the M = 7.6 El Salvador earthquake in 2001 or by the M = 7.4 Khait (Tajikistan) earthquake in 1949. The obvious impact of a landslide on the population is directly related to its movement. Yet, prediction of future failure potential and hence future risk to population is necessary in order to avoid further catastrophes and involves the analyses of the origin of seismic instability. The seismic landslide potential is mainly determined by the interaction between the regional seismic hazard and local geological conditions. At a local scale, seismic factors interfering with geological conditions can produce site-specific ground motions. The influence of such Site Effects on instability is the principal topic of this paper, which is divided into two parts, A and B. The present Part A is concerned with the correlation of field data with observed instability phenomena. Field data were obtained on mainly three landslide sites in the Northern Tien Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Geophysical prospecting, earthquake recordings, geological observation, trenching and geotechnical tests were the main investigation tools. The collected information gives an insight in the geological background of the slope failure and allows us to roughly infer failure mechanisms from field evidence. A detailed analysis of the susceptibility of a mechanism to specific geological conditions will be shown in Part B.

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Wright, C., T. Barton, B. R. Goleby, and F. J. Taylor. "Seismic Velocity Variations in the Northern Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, from an Expanding Spread Reflection Profile." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 4 (September 1989): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989435.

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Cunneen, Jane, Warwick Crowe, and Geoff Peters. "Cenozoic salt tectonics in the Officer Basin, Western Australia: implications for hydrocarbon exploration." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13018.

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The Neoproterozoic western Officer Basin has a total sedimentary fill of up to 8 km and a depositional history with similarities to other central Australian basins, particularly the Amadeus Basin. The size and remoteness of the basin has traditionally been an impediment to exploration, and only sparse seismic and well data are available. In such areas, potential field data can be a powerful exploration tool to assess petroleum prospectively. Salt distribution and mobilisation in the Officer Basin is poorly understood and has been significantly under-estimated due to a lack of quality seismic data. Examination of the existing aeromagnetic, gravity and seismic data, along with satellite and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, indicate that surface and shallow salt is abundant in the northern and central parts of the basin. Remobilisation of salt is greatest in the eastern part of the study area, decreasing towards the west, although the extent of salt occurrence to the west is unclear. Salt diapirs occur along structural trends; east to west in the northeastern (Gibson) part of the basin, and northwest to southeast in the central (Yowalga) area. Neotectonic features such as surface lineaments and recent earthquake data suggest that minor tectonic reactivation is occurring in the present day, and is consistent with a present-day stress orientation of approximately 095°. Miocene to recent stress orientations suggest that structures in the Gibson area may have been reactivated as right lateral faults, whereas those in the Yowalga area are reactivated as left lateral faults. Potential trap styles in the western Officer Basin include structural plays related to salt movement, such as drape folds, diaper overhangs, and thrusts. Late-stage movement of salt must, therefore, be considered when assessing the timing of migration pathways and possible seal breach. An improved understanding of the extent of salt in the Officer Basin, and the degree of reactivation during the Cenozoic, is vital for successful exploration in the region. Acquisition of high-resolution magnetic and gravity data would be a cost-effective exploration tool for better definition of salt and associated hydrocarbon traps.

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Sanchaa, A. M., N. N. Nevedrova, and S. M. Babushkin. "THE STRUCTURE OF THE UIMON DEPRESSION OF GORNY ALTAI ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF NON - STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 3 (2020): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2020-3-66-76.

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The article presents the deep structure of the poorly studied Uimon depression in Gorny Altai according to the data of transient electromagnetic sounding. The studies are relevant due to the high seismic hazard of the area, and are also in demand for prospecting and exploration of minerals predicted there. In order to construct geoelectrical models, data from several years of measurements were used, during which more than sixty soundings were performed. According to the electromagnetic data, the first deep well was drilled to a depth of 400 m in the central part of the depression, which uncovered a Neogene – Quaternary section. The well column is in good agreement with the geoelectrical models. At that stage, the interpretation was performed using computer systems within the framework of a horizontally layered model. The interpretation results are presented in the form of sections and three – dimensional visualizations that clearly reflect the structure of the depression.

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Uysal, I. Tonguç, Claudio Delle Piane, Andrew James Todd, and Horst Zwingmann. "Precambrian faulting episodes and insights into the tectonothermal history of north Australia: microstructural evidence and K–Ar, <sup>40</sup>Ar–<sup>39</sup>Ar, and Rb–Sr dating of syntectonic illite from the intracratonic Millungera Basin." Solid Earth 11, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 1653–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1653-2020.

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Abstract. Australian terranes concealed beneath Mesozoic cover record complex Precambrian tectonic histories involving a successive development of several Proterozoic to Palaeozoic orogenic systems. This study presents an integrated approach combining K–Ar, 40Ar–39Ar, and Rb–Sr geochronologies of Precambrian authigenic illites from the recently discovered Millungera Basin in north-central Australia. Brittle deformation and repeated fault activity are evident from the sampled cores and their microstructures, probably associated with the large-scale faults inferred from interpretations of seismic surveys. Rb–Sr isochron, 40Ar–39Ar total gas, and K–Ar ages are largely consistent in indicating late Mesoproterozoic and early Proterozoic episodes (∼1115±26, ∼ 1070±25, ∼1040±24, ∼1000±23, and ∼905±21 Ma) of active tectonics in north-central Australia. K–Ar results show that illites from fault gouges and authigenic matrix illites in undeformed adjacent sandstones precipitated contemporaneously, indicating that advection of tectonically mobilized fluids extended into the undeformed wall rocks above or below the fracture and shear (fault gouge) zones. Isotopic age data clearly indicate a Mesoproterozoic minimum age for the Millungera Basin and thus previously unrecorded late Mesoproterozoic–early Neoproterozoic tectonic events in north-central Australia. This study provides insight into the enigmatic time–space distribution of Precambrian tectonic zones in central Australia, which are responsible for the formation of a number of sedimentary basins with significant energy and mineral resources.

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Davies, Peter J., Philip A. Symonds, David A. Feary, and Christopher J. Pi gram. "FACIES MODELS IN EXPLORATION — THE CARBONATE PLATFORMS OF NORTH-EAST AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87012.

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The carbonate platforms of north-east Australia encapsulate a record of tectonic, eustatic, climatic and oceanographic dynamism that has controlled their formation. Collectively, the Great Barrier Reef and the Queensland and Marion Plateaus, together with the rift basins that separate them, define a new model for carbonate platform evolution with important exploration consequences. Cretaceous rifting, Paleocene breakup, Cainozoic northward drift with concomitant climatic changes, Neogene subsidence pulses, and sea-level perturbations have combined to produce tropical carbonate platforms overlying temperate, mixed carbonate/siliciclastic facies. The Great Barrier Reef tropical shelf platform thins to the south; reefs first developed in the north in the Early to Middle Miocene along the west- to east-trending distal margin of a foreland basin. The reefs of the Queensland and Marion Plateaus developed in the Middle Miocene and are the precursors of the carbonate platforms of the central and southern Great Barrier Reef. The Miocene Marion Plateau barrier and platform reefs backstepped to become the Plio-Pleistocene Great Barrier Reef. Three energy- and climate-related carbonate facies associations define new prospecting scenarios: the tropical, high energy reef model; the tropical, low energy, Halimeda bioherm model; and the subtropical, low energy, deep water, red algal/ foram/bryozoan bioherm model. These facies occur within four distinct structural/sedimentological associations: the progradative platform margin, the backstepped platform margin, the foreland basin, and the fault block association. The models can be readily applied to the Gulf of Papua/Torres Shelf and the Canning Basin and may produce exciting new insights into carbonate plays in these areas.

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Taira, Toru, and Kazunori Yoshizawa. "Upper-mantle discontinuities beneath Australia from transdimensional Bayesian inversions using multimode surface waves and receiver functions." Geophysical Journal International 223, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 2085–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa442.

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SUMMARY Radially anisotropic S-wave structures under the permanent seismic stations in Australia are reconstructed using multimode surface waves (SWs) and receiver functions (RFs) in a framework of the Bayesian inference. We have developed a fully nonlinear method of joint inversions incorporating P-RFs and multimode Rayleigh and Love waves, based on the transdimensional Hierarchical Bayesian formulation. The method allows us to estimate a probabilistic Earth model taking account of the complexity and uncertainty of Earth structure, by treating the model parameters and data errors as unknowns. The Parallel Tempering algorithm is employed for the effective parameter search based on the reversible-jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The use of higher modes enables us to enhance the sensitivity to the depth below the continental asthenosphere. Synthetic experiments indicate the importance of higher mode SWs for the better recovery of radial anisotropy in the whole depth range of the upper mantle. The method is applied to five Global Seismographic Network stations in Australia. While the S-wave models in eastern Australia show shallow lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) above 100 km depth, those in central and Western Australia exhibit both mid-lithosphere discontinuities (MLDs) and LAB. Also, seismic velocity jumps equivalent to the Lehmann discontinuity (L-D) are found in all seismic stations. The L-D under the Australian continents is found at around 200–300 km depth, depending on locations. Radial anisotropy in the depth range between LAB and L-D tends to show faster SH anomalies, which may indicate the effects of horizontal shear underneath the fast-moving Australian plate.

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Beloborodov, Roman, Marina Pervukhina, Valeriya Shulakova, Dimitri Chagalov, Matthew Josh, Michael B. Clennell, Gavin Ward, Matthew Waugh, and Juerg Hauser. "Estimating smectite content from seismic data." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18223.

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Predicting the mineralogical composition of shales is crucial for drilling operations related to hydrocarbon exploration/production as well as for the assessment of their sealing capacity as hydrocarbon or CO2 barriers. For example, hydrocarbon exploration in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, North-West Shelf, Australia is hindered by the presence of a thick (up to 1 km) smectite-rich shale seal that spreads regionally. Complex structures of the channelised oil and gas fields in the area make it necessary to drill deviated wells through that seal. The maximum deviation angle at which successful drilling is possible depends strongly on the clay mineralogy and, in particular, on the smectite content in the shale. Here, we introduce a novel workflow combining seismic data, well logs and laboratory measurements to infer shale composition at the reservoir scale. It is applied to the Duyfken 3D seismic survey in the central part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. Interpretation results are verified against the laboratory X-ray diffraction measurements from the test well that was not used for the interpretation. The results match the test data well within the determined uncertainty bounds.

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Bishop, Christopher. "Interpretation and Modelling of the Pedirka Basin (central Australia) using Magnetics, Gravity, Well-log and Seismic data." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2012, no. 1 (December 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2012ab155.

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Goleby, B. R., B. L. N. Kennett, C. Wright, R. D. Shaw, and K. Lambeck. "Seismic reflection profiling in the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia: processing for testing models of tectonic evolution." Tectonophysics 173, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90222-t.

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Lin, Aiming. "Seismic Slip in the Lower Crust Inferred from Granulite-related Pseudotachylyte in the Woodroffe Thrust, Central Australia." Pure and Applied Geophysics 165, no. 2 (February 28, 2008): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0301-4.

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42

Plummer, Phillip S. "The Neoproterozoic Gillen Formation, Amadeus Basin, central Australia: an intra-salt petroleum system and viable exploration target?" APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20040.

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The Gillen Formation, the basal component of the lower Neoproterozoic Bitter Springs Group, occurs throughout the Amadeus Basin of central Australia and comprises a basal sequence of black shales and stromatolitic dolostones overlain by an evaporitic sequence of a thick halite sandwiched between two anhydrite/dolomite units. These Gillen lithologies include potential source, reservoir and seal units for petroleum, suggesting an analogy could be drawn with the prolific evaporitic Ara Group Petroleum System of South Oman. Although well data penetrating the Gillen Formation are very limited, organic-rich shales have been penetrated in both the north and south of the basin, while both well and seismic data indicate the ubiquitous presence of sealing evaporites across the basin. The Ara Group Petroleum System spans the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian boundary and is blessed with carbonate reservoirs composed of metazoan ‘reefs’ comprising Cloudina and Namacalathus, which provide an open framework porosity approaching 50%. By contrast, the Gillen Formation was deposited during the Tonian Period of the Neoproterozoic, some 300–350 million years older than the Ara Group, and has reservoir facies limited to stromatolitic carbonates with fenestral to vuggy porosities that are typically less than 15%. Nevertheless, seismic data reveal numerous intra-evaporite opportunities within the Gillen Formation that, seismically, are virtually indistinguishable from those being exploited in South Oman, suggesting that a Gillen Intra-Salt Petroleum System is a viable exploration target throughout a majority of the Amadeus Basin.

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P.V.Hinton, P. V. Hinton, M.G.Cousins, and P.E.Symes. "THE INTEGRATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN GIPPSLAND'S CENTRAL FIELDS STUDY." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93041.

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The central fields area of the Gippsland Basin, Australia, includes the Halibut, Cobia, Fortescue, and Mackerel oil fields. These large fields are mature with about 80% of the reserves produced. During 1991 and 1992 a multidisciplinary study, integrating the latest technology, was completed to help optimise the depletion of the remaining significant reserves.A grid of 4500 km of high resolution 3D seismic data covering 191 square kilometres allowed the identification of subtle structural traps as well as better definition of sandstone truncation edges which represent the ultimate drainage points. In addition, the latest techniques in seismic attribute analysis provided insight into depositional environments, seal potential and facies distribution. Sequence stratigraphic concepts were used in combination with seismic data to build complex multi million cell 3D geological models. Reservoir simulation models were then constructed to history match past production and to predict future field performance. Facility studies were also undertaken to optimise depletion strategies.The Central Fields Depletion Study has resulted in recommendations to further develop the fields with about 80 work-overs, 50 infill wells, reduction in separator pressures, and gas lift and water handling facility upgrades. These activities are expected to increase ultimate reserves and production. Some of the recommendations have been implemented with initial results of additional drilling on Mackerel increasing platform production from 22,000 BOPD to over 50,000 BOPD. An ongoing program of additional drilling from the four platforms is expected to continue for several years.

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Chandler, A. M., J. W. Pappin, and A. W. Coburn. "Vulnerability and seismic risk assessment of buildings following the 1989 Newcastle, Australia earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, no. 2 (June 30, 1991): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.2.116-138.

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Ten days after the Newcastle, Australia earthquake of 28 December, 1989, the UK-based Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) mounted a five day mission to the affected area. This paper presents the findings of the EEFIT investigation and subsequent follow up studies in relation to the extent of building damage and its distribution within the City of Newcastle and the surrounding urban area. Results are based on both detailed street surveys and general damage surveys, the former carried out in two areas, namely the heavily damaged suburban district of Hamilton (3km west of the city centre) and the Newcastle central business district. The findings of these surveys have provided valuable information on the vulnerability of building stock of types common to other parts of Australia, the UK and elsewhere, and hence form an important database for the accurate assessment of seismic risk to buildings in regions of low seismicity. This information will assist the development of realistic, economical seismic code provisions for building design and construction in low-risk areas. An important feature arising from the surveys and subsequent analytical studies of site response in the heavily damaged districts within the Hunter River alluvial basin is that, contrary to reports published by the Institution of Engineers, Australia amongst others, the areas of deep alluvial soil and fill do not correlate strongly with the more heavily damaged districts determined from post-earthquake assessments. Hence, suggestions that this form of site soil amplification effect played a major part in the distribution and extent of heavy damage in this earthquake are somewhat misleading for the future development of planning and design regulations. Furthermore, the results of site response analyses show that it is more likely to be the shallower soils near the border of the alluvial basin which tend to amplify bedrock ground motions generated by this type of earthquake.

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Bray, A., P. Hatherly, and C. L. Fergusson. "Seismic reflection evidence for the evolution of the Camden Syncline and Lapstone Structural Complex, central Sydney Basin, Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 7 (October 2010): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2010.509406.

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Lin, Aiming, Tadashi Maruyama, Stallard Aaron, Katsuyoshi Michibayashi, Alfredo Camacho, and Ken-ichi Kano. "Propagation of seismic slip from brittle to ductile crust: Evidence from pseudotachylyte of the Woodroffe thrust, central Australia." Tectonophysics 402, no. 1-4 (June 2005): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.10.016.

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Menegon, Luca, Lucy Campbell, Neil Mancktelow, Alfredo Camacho, Sebastian Wex, Simone Papa, Giovanni Toffol, and Giorgio Pennacchioni. "The earthquake cycle in the dry lower continental crust: insights from two deeply exhumed terranes (Musgrave Ranges, Australia and Lofoten, Norway)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2193 (February 2021): 20190416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0416.

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This paper discusses the results of field-based geological investigations of exhumed rocks exposed in the Musgrave Ranges (Central Australia) and in Nusfjord (Lofoten, Norway) that preserve evidence for lower continental crustal earthquakes with focal depths of approximately 25–40 km. These studies have established that deformation of the dry lower continental crust is characterized by a cyclic interplay between viscous creep (mylonitization) and brittle, seismic slip associated with the formation of pseudotachylytes (a solidified melt produced during seismic slip along a fault in silicate rocks). Seismic slip triggers rheological weakening and a transition to viscous creep, which may be already active during the immediate post-seismic deformation along faults initially characterized by frictional melting and wall-rock damage. The cyclical interplay between seismic slip and viscous creep implies transient oscillations in stress and strain rate, which are preserved in the shear zone microstructure. In both localities, the spatial distribution of pseudotachylytes is consistent with a local (deep) source for the transient high stresses required to generate earthquakes in the lower crust. This deep source is the result of localized stress amplification in dry and strong materials generated at the contacts with ductile shear zones, producing multiple generations of pseudotachylyte over geological time. This implies that both the short- and the long-term rheological evolution of the dry lower crust typical of continental interiors is controlled by earthquake cycle deformation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding earthquakes using the geological record’.

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Nesina, N. I. "IDENTIFICATION OF PALEOCHANNELS IN THE UPPER MOSCOVIAN SEDIMENTS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE NORTH BOARD OF DNIEPER-DONETS BASIN (ACCORDING TO SEISMIC PROSPECTING DATA)." Collection of Scientific Works of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine 7 (March 18, 2014): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2014.146837.

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Duncan, Guy, and Greg Beresford. "Slowness adaptive f-k filtering of prestack seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 59, no. 1 (January 1994): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443525.

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Frequency‐wavenumber velocity filtering is often applied to prestack seismic data for the attenuation of coherent noise. Although the process often gives excellent results, it can sometimes result in signal smoothing and distortion and poor attenuation of coherent noise. A slowness adaptive f-k filter reduces signal distortion and improves the attenuation characteristics of the filter. The technique uses a time‐ and space‐variant narrow reject‐band f-k filter. Optionally, coherent noise is compressed before application of the filter. The apparent slowness of coherent noise events is estimated using local t-x slant stacks weighted by coherence. A two‐dimensional (2-D) window is moved across the shot record, and at each point on the record slant stacks are taken through the central sample of the window. The slowness value that produces the maximum stack is assigned to the central sample of the window. In this way, an instantaneous slowness image of the shot record is produced. A one‐dimensional (1-D), high‐pass, finite‐duration impulse‐response (FIR) filter is applied in a spatially and temporally varying way across the record on the basis of the instantaneous slowness values. Before filter application, trace‐to‐trace static and amplitude effects are estimated and removed from the data. This results in compression of coherent noise and improved attenuation after filtering. The filtering process has been applied to low‐fold prestack dynamite data from the Surat Basin, Australia. The results indicate that the technique has good attenuation characteristics and produces minimal distortion of seismic signal. The process, however, is computationally expensive.

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Beloborodov, Roman, Marina Pervukhina, Matthew Josh, Michael B. Clennell, and Juerg Hauser. "Assessing shale mineral composition: From lab to seismic scale." Leading Edge 38, no. 5 (May 2019): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38050385.1.

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Shales have always been a difficult target for drilling of deviated and horizontal wells. In the presence of azimuthal stress fields, inclined boreholes in smectite-rich shales exhibit geomechanical instabilities and can result in borehole failure. The complex geology of the major gas fields in the Northern Carnarvon Basin on the North West Shelf of Australia makes it necessary to drill deviated wells through the smectite-rich shale seal extending more than 1 km in thickness. Predicting the mineralogical composition of shales in the area is therefore crucial for the success of drilling operations related to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Here we introduce a novel workflow that combines seismic data, well logs, and laboratory measurements to rapidly infer smectite content in shale. The workflow is applied to the Duyfken 3D seismic survey in the central part of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. The results of our quantitative interpretation are verified against the laboratory X-ray diffraction measurements from the test well that was not used for interpretation, and they match the test data well within the determined uncertainty bounds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Seismic prospecting Australia, Central'

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