Journal articles on the topic 'Seismic fragility curve'
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1
Dang, Thuat-Cong, Thien-Phu Le, and Pascal Ray. "Seismic fragility curves based on the probability density evolution method." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 39, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10208.
Abstract:
A seismic fragility curve that shows the probability of failure of a structure in function of a seismic intensity, for example peak ground acceleration (PGA), is a powerful tool for the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of the structures in nuclear engineering and civil engineering. The common assumption of existing approaches is that the fragility curve is a cumulative probability log-normal function. In this paper, we propose a new technique for construction of seismic fragility curves by numerical simulation using the Probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM). From the joint probability density function between structural response and random variables of a system and/or excitations, seismic fragility curves can be derived without the log-normal assumption. The validation of the proposed technique is performed on two numerical examples.
2
D H, RAJKAMAL, ASHWINI SATYANARAYANA, and PRAKASH P. "SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND RETROFITTING OF BRIDGES BY USING FRAGILITY CURVES." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 02, no. 04 (September 24, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01315.
Abstract:
Bridges, integral to transportation networks, face significant challenges from seismic events, impacting infrastructure resilience and public safety. This study focuses on developing fragility curves for bridges, providing a quantitative link between ground motion intensity and structural damage probability. Fragility curves offer insights into seismic vulnerability, considering factors like structural design, material properties, and local seismic conditions. The research explores various fragility curve development methods, emphasizing analytical approaches, and details Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) as a vital tool. IDA, a parametric structural analysis, is employed to forecast bridge seismic responses, facilitating the derivation of fragility curves. The methodology guides bridge-specific IDA, involving seismic hazard assessment, structural modeling, and performance metric identification. By systematically evaluating fragility curves and considering retrofitting options, informed decisions can enhance the seismic resilience of bridges, contributing to the broader field of seismic risk assessment and infrastructure resilience. Key Words: resilience, Incremental Dynamic Analysis, retrofitting.
3
LIN, J. H. "SEISMIC FRAGILITY ANALYSIS OF FRAME STRUCTURES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 03 (September 2008): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002740.
Abstract:
A seismic fragility analysis of structures is essential to prediction of the building behavior that is likely to occur during earthquakes. Normally, the probability of failure of a structure over a specified period of time is obtained through a convolution of the fragility curve with the seismic hazard curve for the structure site. The fragility models and damage states probabilities serve as a basis for improving the structural codes and performance-based design. Thus, there is a need for relatively simple procedures for evaluating fragility data for decision-making. In this study, the peak story drifts of a building structure during earthquakes are used as an indicator of structural demands. An analytical solution for evaluating the statistical characteristics of peak story drifts of frame structures during earthquakes is proposed. Based on it, an approximate approach to constructing the seismic fragility curves for various states of damage for frame structures is developed.
4
Wang, Neng Jun, Jian Min Wang, and Wen Ting Jiang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames within Service Life." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2391.
Abstract:
An analytical method was proposed to obtain the seismic fragility curve of reinforced concrete frames within the service life. Considering the variation law of nonlinear mechanical characteristics of un-carbonated concrete within service life, the seismic fragility curve of frames was developed based on the inter-storey drift corner in the weak storey of frame structures. According to the defined frame damage states, each seismic fragility curve reflects the probability change tendency of the defined damage state in frames within service life. A numerical example was modeled to illustrate the variation characteristic of seismic fragility within the service life.
5
Fatimah, Samreen, and Jenna Wong. "Sensitivity of the Fragility Curve on Type of Analysis Methods, Applied Ground Motions and Their Selection Techniques." International Journal of Steel Structures 21, no. 4 (June 26, 2021): 1292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00503-z.
Abstract:
AbstractFragility curves are the primary way of assessing seismic risk for a building with numerous studies focused on deriving these fragility curves and how to account for the inherent uncertainty in the seismic assessment. This study focuses on a three-story steel moment frame structure and performs a fragility assessment of the building using a new approach called SPO2FRAG (Static Pushover to Fragility) that is based on pushover analysis. This new approach is further compared and contrasted against traditional nonlinear dynamic analysis approaches like Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Multiple Stripe Analysis. The sensitivity of the resulting fragility curves is studied against multiple parameters including uncertainties in ground motion, the type of analysis method used and the choice of curve fitting technique. All these factors influence the fragility curve behavior and this study assesses the impact of changing these parameters.
6
He, Zhiming, and Qingjun Chen. "Vertical Seismic Effect on the Seismic Fragility of Large-Space Underground Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (April 7, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9650294.
Abstract:
The measured vertical peak ground acceleration was larger than the horizontal peak ground acceleration. It is essential to consider the vertical seismic effect in seismic fragility evaluation of large-space underground structures. In this research, an approach is presented to construct fragility curves of large-space underground structures considering the vertical seismic effect. In seismic capacity, the soil-underground structure pushover analysis method which considers the vertical seismic loading is used to obtain the capacity curve of central columns. The thresholds of performance levels are quantified through a load-drift backbone curve model. In seismic demand, it is evaluated through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method under the excitation of horizontal and vertical acceleration, and the soil-structure-interaction and ground motion characteristics are also considered. The IDA results are compared in terms of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. To construct the fragility curves, the evolutions of performance index versus the increasing earthquake intensity are performed, considering related uncertainties. The result indicates that if we ignore the vertical seismic effect to the fragility assessment of large-space underground structures, the exceedance probabilities of damage of large-space underground structures will be underestimated, which will result in an unfavorable assessment result.
7
Wijayanti, Erlin, Stefanus Kristiawan, Edy Purwanto, and Senot Sangadji. "Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Building Based on the Development of Fragility Curve: A Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.252.
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the seismic vulnerability of 5th Building of Engineering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University by developing its fragility curves. Fragility curve is a measure of probabilistic seismic performance under various ground motion. The intensity of ground motion adopted in this study is median spectral displacement, , with lognormal standard deviation, βds as uncertainty parameter. The value of lognormal standard deviation is adopted from HAZUS. The parameters of median spectral displacements are identified from the capacity spectrum curve. The capacity curve obtained from non-linear static pushover analysis. Capacity curves can be converted into capacity spectrum to identify the location of the median spectral displacement at various damage states. The obtained fragility curves provide information on the probability of various damage states to occur when certain ground motion level strikes the building under study.
8
Zheng, Shan Suo, Wen Bo Li, Qian Li, and Fan Wang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of SRC Frame Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2042.
Abstract:
With the rapid development and extensive application of SRC (steel reinforced concrete) frame structures, the study on seismic fragility of SRC structure under earthquakes seems rather important. The seismic fragility of the SRC frame structures is studied by the method of Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) in this paper. IDA method is conducted on 9 storey SRC frame structure to obtain the IDA curves of this model. Meanwhile, the seismic fragility of the model is analyzed to get the fragility curve. The result shows that IDA can describe the quantitative relationship between the exceeding probability of different states and damage degree of the target.
9
Yuan, Li Li, Jian Min Wang, Neng Jun Wang, and Wen Ting Jiang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Service Life." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2313.
Abstract:
An analytical method to obtain the seismic fragility curve of reinforced concrete frames with service life was proposed in this paper. Considering the variation of nonlinear mechanical characteristics of un-carbonated concrete with service life, the seismic fragility curve of frames was developed based on the interstorey drift corner in the weak storey of frame structures. According to the damage state definition of frames, each seismic fragility curve reflects the probability tendency of the defined damage state happening in frames with service life. It is helpful for the seismic performance analysis of reinforced concrete frames to use the proposed method.
10
Ahmad, Nursafarina, Azmi Ibrahim, and Shahria Alam. "Analytical Seismic Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Wall pier using Shape Memory Alloys considering maximum drift." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925804001.
Abstract:
Fragility curves express the seismic vulnerability of bridge piers for different damage states at various earthquake intensities. A fragility curve typically gives a physical understanding of repair costs and functionally levels of a bridge pier. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) provide a promising alternative material in reducing the failure probability of a bridge pier. This study develops a family of seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete (RC) wall piers reinforced with three different types of SMA rebar in plastic hinge regions. An incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using a total of 20 earthquake ground motions was performed on a SMA-RC wall pier to evaluate its seismic performance. The maximum drift recorded for each ground motion was taken as the seismic performance demand parameter of interest in this study. The probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) was used to generate fragility curves for each RC-SMA wall pier. The results show that the different mechanical properties and type of SMAs affect the performance of RC-SMA wall pier.
11
Yılmaz, Mehmet Fatih, and Abdulkadir Cüneyt Aydın. "Fragility analysis of a multi-span continuous steel roadway bridge in Türkiye: A case study." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 6, no. 4 (September 30, 2023): 306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.04306322.
Abstract:
One of the most widely utilized methods for determining seismic performance and allowing additional study is fragility analysis. The fragility curve, which is typically characterized by two-parameter log-normal distribution functions, depicts the probability of bridge components exceeding a certain damage limit. This study examines the fragility analysis of a multi-span continuous (MSC) steel roadway bridge in Türkiye. The probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDMs) is illustrated by conducting many time history analyses (THA). The nonlinear analyses are conducted for sixty earthquakes. Logarithmic regression analyses and fragility curves were derived for varying intensity measures (IM) in terms of efficiency. Monte Carlo analysis was used to derive the system fragility curve of the bridge. The PGA and ASI are the most proper intensity measure for the fragility curve of the bridge. Moreover, the slight damage can be visualized with a higher probability for the small intensity measure that even mild earthquake motion can cause some slight damage on the bridge but after slight damage bridge has further capacity until the collapse damage is visualized.
12
Sandoli, A., G. P. Lignola, B. Calderoni, and A. Prota. "Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4979–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01155-4.
Abstract:
AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
13
Irfan, Zu, Abdullah, and Moch Afifuddin. "Development of fragility curve based on incremental dynamic analysis curve using ground motion Aceh earthquake." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234002001.
Abstract:
History records that Aceh has been hit by earthquakes several times, including the largest recorded, on December 26, 2004 with a magnitude of 9.3 SR. In connection with the history of disasters that have occurred, there is a need for safety and disaster preparedness. It is very important to conduct a feasibility study of the existing public buildings used in disaster preparedness for vulnerability against earthquakes. The type of building damage caused can predicted by referring to the fragility curve. This research conducted on evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings in Banda Aceh City by developing a fragility curve based on Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The existing buildings that are the main focus of this study include the Tsunami Vertical Evacuation (TVE) of Lambung, TVE Alu Deah Teungoh, TVE TDMRC, SDN 48 Banda Aceh, SMPN 11 Banda Aceh, Baiturrahim Ulee Lheu Mosque, and the Subulussalam Punge Mosque. The IDA method is applied to predict and estimate the performance of the structure using several ground motions. The resulting set of IDA curves were further analyzed to form the fragility curve. The fragility curve becomes the basis for assessing the seismic performance of building structures rationally.
14
McCrum, D. P., G. Amato, and R. Suhail. "Development of Seismic Fragility Functions for a Moment Resisting Reinforced Concrete Framed Structure." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010042.
Abstract:
Understanding the seismic vulnerability of building structures is important for seismic engineers, building owners, risk insurers and governments. Seismic vulnerability defines a buildings predisposition to be damaged as a result of an earthquake of a given severity. There are two components to seismic risk; the seismic hazard and the exposure of the structural inventory to any given earthquake event. This paper demonstrates the development of fragility curves at different damage states using a detailed mechanical model of a moment resisting reinforced concrete structure typical of Southern Europe. The mechanical model consists of a complex three-dimensional finite element model of the reinforced concrete moment resisting frame structure and is used to define the damage states through pushover analysis. Fragility curves are also defined using the HAZUS macro-seismic methodology and the Risk-UE macro-seismic methodology. Comparison of the mechanically modelled and HAZUS fragility curve shows good agreement while the Risk-UE methodology shows reasonably poor agreement.
15
Ismael, Sarwar S., and Faris R. Ahmed. "Seismic Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Dual System Buildings." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 11, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.11172.
Abstract:
A seismic fragility curve is a visual representation that illustrates the likelihood of a structure surpassing a particular damage or performance limit state caused by an earthquake with a specific intensity or ground motion level. This curve is typically generated using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and structural reliability analysis methods. It is based on statistical models that rely on past earthquake data and simulations of future earthquake scenarios to predict the structure or system’s behavior under seismic forces. In this study, the seismic performance of 30 stories of 95 m height dual system reinforced concrete buildings located in Erbil is evaluated by analyzing three distinct ground motions. A non-linear platform is used to simulate and analyze data, followed by the generation of seismic inter-story drift fragility curves using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The buildings’ seismic structural performance is assessed based on five different performance levels, including operational phase, immediate occupancy, damage control, life safety, and collapse prevention (CP). Each level is associated with different levels of damage and corresponding degrees of functionality and safety. The fragility curves show that the building has a 50% chance of achieving or exceeding the (CP) level with highly intense ground vibrations with peak ground acceleration = 1.6 g. In addition, these curves can be beneficial in creating future local design codes and provide significant support in evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings.
16
Sarli, Prasanti Widyasih, Pramudita Satria Palar, Yuni Azhari, Andri Setiawan, Yongky Sanjaya, Sophia C. Sharon, and Iswandi Imran. "Gaussian Process Regression for Seismic Fragility Assessment: Application to Non-Engineered Residential Buildings in Indonesia." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010059.
Abstract:
Indonesia is located in a high-seismic-risk region with a significant number of non-engineered houses, which typically have a higher risk during earthquakes. Due to the wide variety of differences even among parameters within one building typology, it is difficult to capture the total risk of the population, as the typical structural engineering approach to understanding fragility involves tedious numerical modeling of individual buildings—which is computationally costly for a large population of buildings. This study uses a statistical learning technique based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to build the family of fragility curves. The current research takes the column height and side length as the input variables, in which a linear analysis is used to calculate the failure probability. The GPR is then utilized to predict the fragility curve and the probability of collapse, given the data evaluated at the finite set of experimental design. The result shows that GPR can predict the fragility curve and the probability of collapse well, efficiently allowing rapid estimation of the population fragility curve and an individual prediction for a single building configuration. Most importantly, GPR also provides the uncertainty band associated with the prediction of the fragility curve, which is crucial information for real-world analysis.
17
Mansouri, Iman, Jong Wan Hu, Kazem Shakeri, Shahrokh Shahbazi, and Bahareh Nouri. "Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Steel and RC Moment Buildings Using HAZUS and Statistical Methodologies." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2698932.
Abstract:
Designer engineers have always the serious challenge regarding the choice of the kind of structures to use in the areas with significant seismic activities. Development of fragility curve provides an opportunity for designers to select a structure that will have the least fragility. This paper presents an investigation into the seismic vulnerability of both steel and reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames using fragility curves obtained by HAZUS and statistical methodologies. Fragility curves are employed for several probability parameters. Fragility curves are used to assess several probability parameters. Furthermore, it examines whether the probability of the exceedence of the damage limit state is reduced as expected. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of five-, eight-, and twelve-story frames are carried out using Perform 3D. The definition of damage states is based on the descriptions provided by HAZUS, which gives the limit states and the associated interstory drift limits for structures. The fragility curves show that the HAZUS procedure reduces probability of damage, and this reduction is higher for RC frames. Generally, the RC frames have higher fragility compared to steel frames.
18
Billah, A. H. M. Muntasir, and M. Shahria Alam. "Seismic fragility assessment of multi-span concrete highway bridges in British Columbia considering soil–structure interaction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 48, no. 1 (January 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0667.
Abstract:
Fragility curve is an effective tool for identifying the potential seismic risk and consequences during and after an earthquake. Recent seismic events have shown that bridges are highly sensitive and vulnerable during earthquakes. There has been limited research to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of the existing bridges in British Columbia (BC), which could help in the decision-making process for seismic upgrade. This study focuses on developing seismic fragility curves for typical multi-span continuous concrete girder bridges in BC. Ground motions compatible with the seismic hazard were used as input excitations for vulnerability assessment. Uncertainties in material and geometric properties were considered to represent the bridges with similar structural characteristics and construction period. The fragility of the bridge is largely attributable to the fragilities of the columns, and to a lesser extent, the abutment and bearing components. The results of this study show that, although not very significant, the soil–structure interaction has some effect on the component fragility where this effect is not very significant at the bridge system level.
19
Tavazo, H. A., and A. Ranjbaran. "Fragility Analysis of 3D Reinforced Concrete Frames Based on Endurance Time Method with Derived Standard Deviation." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 1750011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500117.
Abstract:
Fragility curves have been developed for seismic vulnerability analysis of structures and can be generated in empirical and analytical forms. To develop analytical fragility curve, the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method is considered as an applicable tool for seismic analysis; however, in the cases with high modeling complexity, the computational cost of the IDA method may be very high. Therefore, an alternative method called as endurance time (ET) method can be effectively used for fragility analysis. In this study, a new, accurate and cost effective method has been introduced in order to develop analytical fragility curves based on the ET method. The results reveal that ET-based fragility curves generally agree well with IDA-based fragility curves. In addition, it is revealed that a highly matched fragility function can be fitted on fragility points using ET-based fragility analysis (due to continuity of these points in every 0.01 of IM changes). It is concluded that ET analysis offers convenient and easy access to median and logarithmic standard deviation of IMs and thus fragility function can be produced easily based on these statistical parameters. Furthermore, a new ET-based methodology is presented to consider the previously experienced earthquakes (PEEQs) in generating fragility surfaces.
20
Sonowal, D. B., and J. Pathak. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of an Existing Bridge Pier." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.583.
Abstract:
The main objective of this paper is to develop the fragility curves for an existing bridge having circular pier by static nonlinear analysis (Pushover Analysis). In this study, a cantilever circular bridge pier which is located in Assam, a highly seismic zone in India is considered for development of seismic fragility curve. Capacity of the bridge has been determined by Pushover analysis of bridge pier and demand parameter of the bridge were obtained by using ATC 40 Capacity Spectrum method and IS 1893:2016 (Part 1) along with IRC 6:2017. Civil Software SAP 2000 version 20 is used to analyze the bridge pier. The fragility curves of the pier have been constructed assuming a lognormal distribution. The evaluation results presented here describes the probabilistic seismic failure of the bridge pier and its capacity to meet the desired performance level.
21
Wang, Neng Jun, Jian Min Wang, and Wen Ting Jiang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames Based on the Service Age Variation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.953.
Abstract:
The seismic fragility of R/C frames was redefined as the conditional failure probability of the structure with regard to the ground motion index and structural service age in this paper. An analytical method was proposed to disclose the seismic fragility variation of reinforced concrete frames with respect to the service age. Considering the variation of nonlinear mechanical characteristics of un-carbonated concrete within the service life, the seismic fragility variation of frames was analyzed using the inter-story drift ratio in the weak storey. For the defined damage levels of frames, each seismic fragility curve variation reflects the failure probability change tendency within the service life. A R/C frame was modeled to illustrate the variation of the seismic fragility within the service life.
22
Yılmaz, Mehmet Fatih, Barlas Özden Çağlayan, and Kadir Özakgül. "Seismic assessment of a curved multi-span simply supported truss steel railway bridge." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.01.003.
Abstract:
Fragility curve is an effective method to determine the seismic performance of a structural and nonstructural member. Fragility curves are derived for Highway Bridges for many studies. In Turkish railway lines, there are lots of historic bridges, and it is obvious that in order to sustain the safety of the railway lines, earthquake performance of these bridges needs to be determined. In this study, a multi-span steel truss railway bridge with a span length of 25.7m is considered. Main steel truss girders are supported on the abutments and 6 masonry piers. Also, the bridge has a 300m curve radius. Sap 2000 finite element software is used to model the 3D nonlinear modeling of the bridge. Finite element model is updating according to field test recordings. 60 real earthquake data selected from three different soil conditions are considered to determine the seismic performance of the bridge. Nonlinear time history analysis is conducted, and maximum displacements are recorded. Probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDMs) is used to determine the relationship between the Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP) and Intensity Measure (IMs). Fragility curve of the bridge is derived by considering the serviceability limit state, and results are discussed in detail.
23
Kohns, Julia, Lothar Stempniewski, and Alexander Stark. "Fragility Functions for Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Multiscale Approach for Earthquake Damage Criteria." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081253.
Abstract:
For seismic risk analysis, reliable predictions and estimations of earthquake damage and seismic behaviour of buildings are essential. A common method is the use of fragility curves. In this paper, fragility functions are developed based on various numerical damage criteria for five defined damage grades, from slight to destruction. The proposed new multiscale approach establishes a correlation between observed damage patterns due to foreign earthquakes and the seismic response of the building using thresholds for material-specific and global characteristics. This approach takes into account various possible damage patterns on different scales more comprehensively than the well-known approach of displacement criteria. Moreover, the approach is universal and adaptable for building classes as well as region-specific material and system characteristics. Several damage criteria with their defined limit values are assigned to the five proposed damage grades, whereby quantity and distribution of the exceeded criteria are relevant, since the first occurrence does not always lead to damage. With the new approach, damages that are not evident in the pushover curve in terms of strength degradation can be detected and taken into account for the damage thresholds. The derived displacement values associated with the damage levels are the basis for developing fragility functions. The results—damage criteria, pushover curves with damage grades, capacity curves as well as fragility functions and parameters—are presented for a four-storey reinforced concrete frame building. These results are discussed and validated with data from the literature. Comparisons to existing fragility functions in the literature show that our developed fragility functions are mostly located in the middle range, graphically as well as for the curve parameters. This specific example was chosen to present our multiscale approach, but for general building classes, numerous simulations with varying characteristics are essential and result in a higher standard deviation of the final fragility curves.
24
Mirzaie Aminian, Farzad, Ehsan Khojastehfar, and Hamid Ghanbari. "Effects of Near-fault Strong Ground Motions on Probabilistic Structural Seismic-induced Damages." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 796–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091289.
Abstract:
Seismic fragility curves measure induced levels of structural damage against strong ground motions of earthquakes, probabilistically. These curves play an important role in seismic performance assessment, seismic risk analysis and making rational decisions regarding seismic risk management of structures. It has been demonstrated that the calculated fragility curves of structures are changed while the structures are excited by near-field strong ground motions in comparison with far-field ones. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extents of modification for various performance levels and variety of structural heights. To achieve this goal, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method is applied to calculate seismic fragility curves. To investigate the effects of earthquake characteristics, two categories of strong ground motions are assumed through IDA method, i.e. near and far-field sets. To study the extent of modification for various heights of structures, 4 – 6 and 10 stories moment-resisting concrete frames are considered as case studies. Furthermore, to study the importance of involving near-field strong ground motions in seismic performance assessment of structures, the damage levels are considered as the renowned structural performance levels (i.e. Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, Collapse Prevention and Sidesway Collapse). Achieved results show that the fragility curve of low-rise frame (i.e. 4-story case study) for IO limit state presents more probability of damage applying near-fault sets in comparison with far-fault set. Investigating fragility curves of the other performance levels (i.e. LS, CP and Collapse) and the higher frames, a straightforward conclusion, regarding probability of damage. To achieve the rational results for the higher frames, mean annual frequency of exceedance (MAFE) and probability of exceeding limit states in 50 years are calculated. MAFE is defined as the integration of structural fragility curve over seismic hazard curve. According to the achieved results for 6-story frame, if the structure is excited by near-field strong ground motions the probability of exceedance for LS, CP and collapse limit states in 50 years will be increased up to 11%, 2.4%, 0.7% and 0.4% respectively, comparing with the calculated probabilities while far-field strong ground motions are applied. On the other hand, while the 10-story case study is excited by near-field strong ground motions, the exceedance probability values for mentioned limit states decreases up to 20%, 5%, 4% and 4%, respectively. Consequently, it can be concluded that the lower is the height of the structure, the more will be the increment of probability of damage in the near-field conditions. Furthermore, this increment is much more for IO limit state in comparison with other limit states. These facts can be applied as a precaution for seismic design of low-rise structures, while they are located at the vicinity of active faults.
25
Hoang, Phuong Hoa, Hoang Nam Phan, Duy Thao Nguyen, and Fabrizio Paolacci. "Kriging Metamodel-Based Seismic Fragility Analysis of Single-Bent Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060238.
Abstract:
Uncertainty quantification is an important issue in the seismic fragility analysis of bridge type structures. However, the influence of different sources of uncertainty on the seismic fragility of the system is commonly overlooked due to the costly re-evaluation of numerical model simulations. This paper aims to present a framework for the seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete highway bridges, where a data-driven metamodel is developed to approximate the structural response to structural and ground motion uncertainties. The proposed framework to generate fragility curves shows its efficiency while using a few finite element simulations and accounting for various modeling uncertainties influencing the bridge seismic fragility. In this respect, a class of single-bent bridges available in the literature is taken as a case study, whose three-dimensional finite element model is established by the OpenSees software framework. Twenty near-source records from different sources are selected and the Latin hypercube method is applied for generating the random samples of modeling and ground motion parameters. The Kriging metamodel is then driven on the structural response obtained from nonlinear time history analyses. Component fragility curves of the reinforced concrete pier column are derived for different damage states using the Kriging metamodel whose parameters are established considering different modeling parameters generated by Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed framework in interpolating the structural response and deriving the fragility curve of the case study with any input conditions of the random variables.
26
Xu, Xinyong, Xuhui Liu, Li Jiang, and Mohd Yawar Ali Khan. "Dynamic Damage Mechanism and Seismic Fragility Analysis of an Aqueduct Structure." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 11709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411709.
Abstract:
The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) constitutive is introduced to study the dynamic failure mechanism and the law of damage development to the aqueduct structure during the seismic duration using a large-scale aqueduct structure from the South-to-North Water Division Project (SNWDP) as a research object. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and multiple stripe analysis (MSA) seismic fragility methods are introduced. The spectral acceleration is used as the scale of ground motion record intensity measure (IM), and the aqueduct pier top offset ratio quantifies the limit of structural damage measure (DM). The aqueduct structure’s seismic fragility evaluation curves are constructed with indicators of different seismic intensity measures to depict the damage characteristics of aqueduct structures under different seismic intensities through probability. The results show that penetrating damage is most likely to occur on both sides of the pier cap and around the pier shaft in the event of a rare earthquake, followed by the top of the aqueduct body, which requires the greatest care during an earthquake. The results of two fragility analysis methodologies reveal that the fragility curves are very similar. The aqueduct structure’s first limit state level (LS1) is quite steep and near the vertical line, indicating that maintaining the excellent condition without damage in the seismic analysis will be challenging. Except for individual results, the overall fragility results are in good agreement, and the curve change rule is the same. The exceedance probability in the case of any ground motion record IM may be estimated using only two factors when using the MSA approach, and the computation efficiency is higher. The study of seismic fragility analysis methods in this paper can provide a reference for the seismic safety evaluation of aqueducts and similar structures.
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Karimi, F., A. Ranjbaran, and P. Amirian. "Effect of R, µ and T on the Fragility Curves for Two Spans Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2019-0020.
Abstract:
Abstract Fragility curves are useful tools for evaluating the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion indices. The force reduction factor (R) is one of the seismic design parameters that determine the nonlinear performance of building structures during strong earthquakes. R factor itself is mostly a function of displacement ductility (µ), natural period of a structure, and soil conditions. A statistical method (Path Analysis) is proposed for the first time to determine the effect of R, µ and T on the column fragility curve parameters of typical box girder, two spans reinforced concrete highway bridge class. An analytical approach was adopted to develop the fragility curves based on numerical simulation. The R, µ and fundamental period T have been used to characterize different bridge configurations. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the variables as having significant effect on fragility curve parameters were identified.
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Urlainis, Alon, and Igal M. Shohet. "Development of Exclusive Seismic Fragility Curves for Critical Infrastructure: An Oil Pumping Station Case Study." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060842.
Abstract:
Fragility curves are a common tool to appraise the expected damage to critical infrastructure (CI) after an earthquake event. Previous studies offer fragility curve parameters for CI that are suitable for a vast range of systems, without an in-depth examination of the system architecture and subcomponents. These curves are applicable in cases where a thorough analysis is not required or when the information related to a single system is poor. This paper proposes an original approach and presents a comprehensive methodology for developing exclusive fragility curves for critical infrastructure systems. In the proposed methodology, the fragility curves are developed by a decomposition of the system into its main subcomponents and determination of the failure mechanisms. The derivation of the fragility parameters includes failure analysis for each damage state by a Fault Tree Analysis and approximation of the fragility parameters in accordance with the rate of exceedance. The implementation of the methodology is demonstrated by a case study with three alternatives of an oil pumping plant configuration. It was found that a change of a subcomponent has an effect on the derived values of the fragility parameters. Moreover, the variances in the fragility parameters have implications for the effectiveness of each alternative to resist different levels of severity.
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Ghimire, Narayan, and Hemchandra Chaulagain. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Institutional Building of Pokhara University." Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v1i1.33539.
Abstract:
Fragility curves are derived from fragility function that indicates the probability of damage of structure due to earthquake as a function of ground motion parameter. It helps to predict the level of structural damage and consequently reduce the seismic risk in specific ground motion. In this scenario, this study is focused on the construction of fragility curve of institutional reinforced concrete (RC) building of Pokhara University. For this, the building of School of Health and Allied Science (SHAS) is considered as a guiding case study. For the numerical analysis, the study building blocks are modelled in finite element-based software. The non-linear static and linear dynamic analyses are employed for numerical analysis. In dynamic analysis, building models are subjected to the synthetic accelerograms of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Based on the analyses, the analytical fragility curves are plotted in terms of probability of failure at every 0.1 g interval of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with log normal distribution. Finally, the results are highlighted for different seismic performance level in buildings: slight damage, moderate damage, extensive damage and complete damage for the earthquake of 475 years return period.
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Ge, Jiaxi, and Du Du. "Research on seismic fragility of subway station based on incremental dynamic analysis method." Advances in Computer and Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 1 (November 16, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61935/acetr.1.1.2023.p48.
Abstract:
Seismic intensity measure is an significant parameter that affects the accuracy of structural seismic risk assessment, and plays an important role in the performance-based earthquake engineering research framework. Taking a two story, three span, and shallow buried subway station as the research object, a two-dimensional finite element analysis model of soil structure underground in a typical engineering site was established using ANSYS. Ten earthquake records were selected from PEER as input, and the structural seismic fragility analysis method based on incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method was introduced into the subway station structure. The maximum story drift angle was used as the structural damage index, and three typical seismic intensity measures were selected, the exploration is conducted on the seismic intensity measures applicable to shallow buried subway stations and the variation pattern of seismic response of subway stations with increasing seismic amplitude. The seismic fragility curve of shallow buried subway station structures is established to obtain the failure probability of the structure at different seismic intensity levels. The analysis results indicate that for shallow buried subway stations, PGA is the most suitable seismic intensity measure, and the comparison with existing empirical fragility curves shows that the vulnerability analysis method is feasible and can quantitatively provide the failure probability of structures at different performance levels, providing reference for seismic design of underground structures.
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Handiana Devi, Rida, Senot Sangadji, and Halwan Alfisa Saifullah. "Fragility curve of low-to-mid-rise concrete frame retrofitted with FRP." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015603006.
Abstract:
In order to achieve satisfactory global seismic behaviour of a concrete fame structure and to prevent undesirable local failures of its structural element, local strengthening of structural members by means of FRP wrap is one of the cost effective retrofitting strategy. This FRP wrapped column will increase the ductility of the element as well as the capacity that in turn will allow attaining more energy dissipating global performance. This on-going research aims to demonstrate the seismic performance of Low-to-Mid-Rise Concrete Frame retrofitted by FRP wrap in several configurations. The fragility curves of the structure before and after to local strengthening will be developed and analysed. Fragility curve will describe the probability of the structure that will exceed certain damage states given the ground shaking intensity during its service life. This curve allows evaluation for the retrofitting strategy is carried out rationally.
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Soltanmohammadi, Hassan, Mohammadreza Mashayekhi, Mohammad Mahdi Memarpour, Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni, and Masoud Mirtaheri. "Exploring the Effect of Near-Field Ground Motions on the Fragility Curves of Multi-Span Simply Supported Concrete Girder Bridges." Infrastructures 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020019.
Abstract:
Investigating the impact of near-field ground motions on the fragility curves of multi-span simply supported concrete girder bridges is the main goal of this paper. Fragility curves are valuable tools for evaluating seismic risks and vulnerabilities of bridges. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of ground motions on the fragility curves of bridges. Ground motions are commonly categorized into two sets, based on the distance of the recorded station from the seismic source: far-field and near-field. Studies examining the influence of near-field records on bridge fragility curves vary depending on the specific bridge type and type of fragility curve being analyzed. Due to the widespread use of multi-span simply supported concrete girder bridges in the Central and Southeastern United States, this study makes use of this bridge type. This research investigates the component fragility curves for column curvatures, bearing deformations, and abutment displacements by employing 3-D analytical models and conducting nonlinear time history analysis. These curves illustrate the impact of near-field ground motions on different components. The component fragility curves for two sets of records, 91 near-field ground motions and 78 far-field ground motions, were obtained and compared. These findings demonstrate that near-field ground motions have a greater damaging effect on columns and abutments than far-field earthquakes. When it comes to bearing deformations, the far-field earthquake impact is more severe at lower intensities, whereas the impact of the near-field ground motion is stronger at higher intensities.
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Lee, Sangwoo, Shinyoung Kwag, and Bu-seog Ju. "A Development of Seismic Fragility Curve of Box-Type Squat Shear Walls Using Data-Driven Surrogate Model Techniques." International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (April 17, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5872960.
Abstract:
Recent experience with the strongest earthquakes greater than magnitude 5.4 in Korea leads to public interest in the safety and resilience of critical infrastructures. There are many nuclear power plants near the epicenters of the earthquakes. Nuclear power plants are essential infrastructures that provide stable and enough energy for human life, and simultaneously, control systems for the safety and security of nuclear power plants are critical due to the risk of nuclear accidents on public health and the environment. The nuclear area uses probabilistic risk assessment to estimate the risk of structures, systems, and components in nuclear power plants, and the evaluation of the fragility curve is a key process for probabilistic risk assessment. The challenges of a seismic fragility analysis lie in estimating the influence of various uncertainties in material, geometry, and earthquake and improving the existing fragility analysis methods, which require time-consuming nonlinear time history analysis. Thus, this paper conducts a multivariate seismic fragility analysis using surrogate models for reinforced concrete squat shear walls and proposes a simplified closed form equation for a chosen surrogate seismic demand model. The surrogate models are trained and validated by several approaches: response surface method, support vector machine, Gaussian process regression, and neural network. In addition, a correlation analysis is used to evaluate the relative importance of the variables to the seismic demand to simplify the surrogate model further. Finally, simplified surrogate models based on the importance of the variables are proposed as closed form of polynomials, and the performance of these models on the fragility analysis is evaluated.
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Ni, Peng Peng, Shu Hong Wang, Lei Jiang, and Run Qiu Huang. "Seismic Risk Assessment of Structures Using Multiple Stripe Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.897.
Abstract:
The implementation of seismic risk assessment of existing structures is necessitated for practical engineers to select the retrofitting strategies. The reliability based approaches are proposed to investigate the behaviour of structures subjected to ground excitation and encouraging evaluation results of various typologies of structures have been obtained exploiting such methodologies. The decision regarding the retrofitting strategies that will rehabilitate the flaws of the structure under prescribed ground motions that have high probability of occurrences at the scenario can be made. This paper addresses the generation of hazard curve by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis from the seismological point of view. The multiple stripe analysis, as one of typical probabilistic based assessment procedures, will be utilized to evaluate the structural seismic fragility. The seismic risk can be estimated based on the numerically integrating the fragility function with the hazard curve.
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Asadi, Payam, and Hosein Sourani. "Fragility curves production by seismic improvement of the high-dimensional model representation method." Engineering Computations 37, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-12-2018-0586.
Abstract:
Purpose In the absence of random variables, random variables are generated by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. There are some methods for generating fragility curves with fewer nonlinear analyses. However, the accuracy of these methods is not suitable for all performance levels and peak ground acceleration (PGA) range. This paper aims to present a method through the seismic improvement of the high-dimensional model representation method for generating fragility curves while taking advantage of fewer analyses by choosing the right border points. Design/methodology/approach In this method, the values of uncertain variables are selected based on the results of the initial analyses, the damage limit of each performance level or according to acceptable limits in the design code. In particular, PGAs are selected based on the general shape of the fragility curve for each performance limit. Also, polynomial response functions are estimated for each accelerogram. To evaluate the accuracy, fragility curves are estimated by different methods for a single degree of freedom system and a reinforced concrete frame. Findings The results indicated that the proposed method can not only reduce the computational cost but also has a higher accuracy than the other methods, compared with the MC baseline method. Originality/value The proposed response functions are more consistent with the actual values and are also congruent with each performance level to increase the accuracy of the fragility curves.
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Ratna Hapsari, Isyana, Senot Sangadji, and Stefanus Adi Kristiawan. "Seismic performance of four-storey masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame building." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502017.
Abstract:
Masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames are a structural system commonly used for low-to-mid-rise buildings. Generally, this type of structure is modelled as an open frame neglecting the strength and stiffness contribution of the masonry infilled panel. In order to describe realistic behaviour under lateral loading, this paper evaluates the seismic performance of the building by modelling the contribution of masonry as a compression strut acting diagonally in the panel. The non-linear static procedure is employed by subjecting the building to pushover loads. The performance of the building is then analysed based on the obtained capacity curve. Seismic performance is assessed in terms of building fragility which is the conditional probability of exceeding certain damage state for a given ground shaking intensity. Fragility functions eventually are expressed as series of log-normal curves of both the open and masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame. Based on this study, the infilled frame can resist a maximum load of 20.3x103 kN, while the open frame is only able to withstand a maximum load of 15.2x103 kN. From the fragility curve, it can be concluded that the probability of the infilled frame to reach a certain damage state is lower than that of the open frame.
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Bhattarai, Tulsiram, and Rajan Suwal. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Hammer Head and Multicolumn Bridge Pier using Fragility Curve." Journal of Structural Technology 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jost.2022.v07i01.004.
Abstract:
Beingan earthquake-prone country, Nepal has seen numerous high-magnitude earthquakes in recent years, resulting significant damage to the bridge and its components. Even after an earthquake, bridges should be able to be used for emergency and rescue operations. Fragility curves are an important technique for measuring the seismic vulnerability of bridges. Hence, this research is focused on the use of analytical method for development of fragility curve for generally used type of pier in Nepal which is hammerhead pier and multicolumn pier. Capacity of bridge is determined by non-linear static analysis and Demand parameter is estimated using non-linear time history analysis. The assumption of a log normal distribution is used to characterize fragility functions. The probability of exceedance of Slight, Moderate, Extensive and collapse damage states for hammerhead pier are 98.28%, 59.36%, 12.29%, 5.11% and 80.11%, 15.07%, 1.54%, 0.42% for MCE and DBE and those values for multicolumn pier are 97.79%, 37.91%, 5.49%, 2.01% and 72.35%, 4.22%, 0.33%, 0.08% for MCE and DBE respectively.
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Nesrine, Guettafi, Yahiaoui Djarir, Abbeche Khelifa, and Bouzid Tayeb. "Performance Assessment of Interaction Soil Pile Structure Using the Fragility Methodology." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 376–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091660.
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate whether the seismic fragility and performance of interaction soil-pile-structure (ISPS) were affected by different parameters: axial load, a section of the pile, and the longitudinal steel ratio of the pile were implanted in different type of sand (loose, medium, dense). In order to better understand the ISPS phenomena, a series of nonlinear static analysis have been conducted for two different cases, namely: (i) fixed system and (ii) ISPS system, to get the curves of the capacity of every parameter for developing the fragility curve. After a comparison of the numerical results of pushover analysis and fragility curves, the results indicate that these parameters are significantly influenced on lateral capacity, ductility and seismic fragility on the ISPS. The increasing in the axial load exhibit high probabilities of exceeding the damage state. The increase in pile section and longitudinal steel ratio, the effect of probability damage (low and high) are not only related to the propriety geometrically, but also related to the values of ductility and lateral capacity of the system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091660 Full Text: PDF
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Yoshikawa, H., T. Ohtaki, Y. Maeda, and T. Nakamura. "Seismic Fragility Curve and Damage Function in Earthquake Risk Analysis." Concrete Journal 45, no. 10 (2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.45.10_26.
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Iervolino, Iunio. "Estimation uncertainty for some common seismic fragility curve fitting methods." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 152 (January 2022): 107068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107068.
41
Avşar, Özgür, Ahmet Yakut, and Alp Caner. "Analytical Fragility Curves for Ordinary Highway Bridges in Turkey." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 971–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3651349.
Abstract:
This study focuses on the development of analytical fragility curves for the ordinary highway bridges constructed after the 1990s. Four major bridge classes were employed based on skew angle, number of columns per bent, and span number (only multispan bridges). Nonlinear response-history analyses (NRHA) were conducted for each bridge sample using a detailed 3-D analytical model subjected to earthquake ground motions of varying seismic intensities. A component-based approach that uses several engineering demand parameters was employed to determine the seismic response of critical bridge components. Corresponding damage limit states were defined either in terms of member capacities or excessive bearing displacements. Lognormal fragility curves were obtained by curve fitting the point estimates of the probability of exceeding each specified damage limit state for each major bridge class. Bridges with larger skew angles or single-column bents were found to be the most seismically vulnerable.
42
Irvansyah, Rifqi, Ibnu Rusydy, and Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak. "A comparative analysis of seismic and tsunami fragility curves for school buildings in Banda Aceh coastal area." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234002003.
Abstract:
The potential for a large disaster in Banda Aceh City requires that the school buildings to be highly resilient to the risks that may arise. One of the efforts to evaluate the performance of the building structure is by developing a fragility curve that shows the probability of damage to school buildings. For seismic susceptibility, the fragility curve is formed using the Incremental Dynamic Analysis method which uses historical earthquake data. As for tsunami susceptibility, the fragility curve is formed by reviewing the inundation heights that have occurred based on the data that have been available. The aim of this study is to elaborate the seismic and tsunami susceptibility of the typical school buildings that located in three coastal districts in Banda Aceh City. The summary results of this study indicate that it is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance of school buildings in the coastal area of Banda Aceh city so that they become strong buildings and are ready to be used if a large-scale disaster occurs.
43
Ghaychi Afrouz, Setareh, Alireza Farzampour, Zahra Hejazi, and Masoud Mojarab. "Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Hospitals in the Tehran Metropolitan Area." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020054.
Abstract:
The Tehran metropolitan area is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes due to the location of its active faults and its dense population. Assessing the probable damage of a high magnitude earthquake on buildings and facilities relies on a precise structural survey, which has an empirical basis depending on historic ground motions. The probability of damage and failure in discrete limits based on different ground motions is estimated by fragility curves. Using the most matching fragility curves for buildings in Tehran, the vulnerability of the hospitals in the capital, as one of the most critical structures in crisis management of disasters, was investigated in this study. Subsequently, the existing fragility curves, developed for Tehran and the other seismic prone countries such as Japan and the United States, were compared considering the typology of Tehran’s hospitals. Finally, the possible damages for each hospital were calculated based on the most conservative fragility curve and the most pessimistic scenario, which were used to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of hospitals and health care systems for different damage states. After zoning the damage of therapeutic areas of Tehran, it was observed that at least 2% to 10% damage occurred in all hospitals of Tehran, and none of the healthcare centers would remain structurally undamaged after a strong earthquake with the moment magnitude of 7 or more. In addition, the healthcare buildings could be prone to significant structural damage, especially in southern parts, which necessitates proactive management plans for Tehran metropolitan area.
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Chang, Sungjin, Bubgyu Jeon, Shinyoung Kwag, Daegi Hahm, and Seunghyun Eem. "Seismic Performance of Piping Systems of Isolated Nuclear Power Plants Determined by Numerical Considerations." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134028.
Abstract:
The interest in the seismic performance of nuclear power plants has increased worldwide since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident. In Korea, interest in the seismic safety of nuclear power plants has increased since the earthquake events in Gyeongju (2016) and Pohang (2017). In Korea, studies have been conducted to apply seismic isolation systems to ensure seismic safety while minimizing the design changes to nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants with seismic isolation systems may have a higher seismic risk due to the failure of the piping system in the structure after a relatively large displacement. Therefore, it is essential to secure the seismic safety of pipes for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. The seismic safety of pipes is determined by seismic fragility analysis. Seismic fragility analysis requires many seismic response analyses because it is a statistical approach to various random variables. Typical numerical conditions affecting the seismic response analysis of pipes are the convergence conditions and mesh size in numerical analysis. This study examined the change in the seismic safety of piping according to the numerical conditions. The difference in the seismic response analysis results of the piping according to the mesh size was analyzed comparatively. In addition, the change in the seismic fragility curve of the piping according to the convergence conditions was investigated.
45
Anvarsamarin, Ali, Fayaz Rahimzadeh Rofooei, and Masoud Nekooei. "Soil-Structure Interaction Effect on Fragility Curve of 3D Models of Concrete Moment-Resisting Buildings." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7270137.
Abstract:
This paper presents the probabilistic generation of collapse fragility curves for evaluating the performance of 3D, reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting building models, considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) by concentration on seismic uncertainties. It considers collapse as the loss of lateral load-resisting capacity of the building structures due to severe ground shaking and consequent large interstory drifts intensified by P-Δ effects as well as the strength and stiffness deterioration of their lateral load carrying systems. The estimation of the collapse performance of structures requires the relation between the intensity measure (IM) and the probability of collapse that is determined using the generated collapse fragility curves. Considering a number of 6-, 12-, and 18-story, 3D, RC moment-resisting buildings, two scalar IMs are employed to estimate their collapse fragility curve. On the other hand, the effect of the site soil type on the collapse fragility curves was taken into account by considering the soil-structure interaction. According to the obtained results, adopting the average of spectral acceleration (Saavg) intensity measure is more efficient in capturing the effect of the inherent uncertainties of the strong ground motions on the structural response parameters. In addition, considering the SSI for soil type D with shear-wave velocity of 180 m/s to 360 m/s reduces the median of intensity measure (IM = Sa(T1)) of fragility curve in 6-, 12-, and 18-story buildings by 4.92%, 22.26%, and 23.03%, respectively.
46
Lee, Sangmok, Byungmin Kim, and Young-Joo Lee. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks Using Earthquake Ground Motions Recorded in Korea." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 15, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6190159.
Abstract:
Liquid-containing storage tanks are important structures in industrial complexes. Because earthquake damages to liquid storage tanks can cause structural collapse, fires, and hazardous material leaks, there have been continuous efforts to mitigate earthquake damages using seismic fragility analysis. In this regard, this study focuses on the seismic responses and fragility of liquid storage tanks. First, the characteristics of earthquake ground motions are a critical factor influencing the seismic fragility of structures; thus, this study employs real earthquake records observed in the target area, southeastern Korea, with the earthquake characteristics estimated based on the ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity. When a liquid storage tank oscillates during an earthquake, additional forces can impact the tank wall owing to hydrodynamic pressures. Therefore, this study presents a sophisticated finite element (FE) model that reflects the hydrodynamic effect of an oscillating liquid. Another advantage of such an FE model is that detailed structural responses of the entire wall shells can be estimated; this is not possible in simplified lumped mass or surrogate models. Lastly, probabilistic seismic demand models are derived for three critical limit states: elastic buckling, elephant’s foot buckling, and steel yielding. Using the real earthquake ground motion records, constructed FE model, and limit states, a seismic fragility analysis is performed for a typical anchored steel liquid storage tank in Korea. In addition, for comparison purposes, a ring-stiffened model is investigated to derive a seismic fragility curve. The results of the seismic fragility assessment show that elastic buckling is the most vulnerable damage state. In contrast, elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding indicate relatively severe damage levels. Furthermore, it is observed that ring stiffeners decrease the elastic buckling damage, although there is no practical effect on elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding in all ground motion intensities.
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YOSHIDA, Ikumasa, and Tatsuya ONO. "SEISMIC FRAGILITY CURVE OF NATURAL SLOPE BASED ON SLOPE FAILURE DATABASE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A2 (Applied Mechanics (AM)) 76, no. 2 (2020): I_521—I_529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejam.76.2_i_521.
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Thakur, Bhairav, Atul Desai, Hemal Shah, and Gondaliya Kaushik. "Innovative Probabilistic Vulnerability Investigation of Nuclear Power Plant Structures under Far-Field Ground Motion." Disaster Advances 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1601da14022.
Abstract:
A structure's seismic fragility is the conditional collapse damage for a given seismic hazard level. This study established an earthquake level acceptable for the seismic performance and damage evaluations of a nuclear power plant's (NPP) reactor containment structure (RCS) in Surat, India. The RCS model's nonlinear studies were conducted using the finite element method (FEM). A series of nonlinear time-history simulations were also applied to observe the top of the RCS dome. Probabilistic seismic demand models for each intensity measure (IM) of RCS were constructed (IM). This study summarises several guidelines and techniques related to the damage analysis of nuclear facilities. The linear regression method uses incremental dynamic analysis results to produce the fragility curve. The analytical studies concluded that the nuclear reactor has a 50 per cent chance of slightly collapsing at 0.87g of RCS.
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Souheyla, Saddouki, Djarir Яхиауи, and Rafik Demagh. "SEISMIC FRAGILITY EVALUATION OF SOIL-PILE-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS SUBJECTED TO MAINSHOCK-AFTERSHOCK RECORDS." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 19, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2023-19-3-92-113.
Abstract:
In most current seismic design on bridges, only mainshock actions are considered without incorporating the effect of mainshock-aftershock (MA) sequences and interaction soil-pile.However, a large mainshock usually triggers numerous aftershocks in a short period. This paperstudy the effect of mainshock-aftershock sequences on the behavior of interaction Soil-pile-structure system (ISPS). abeam on nonlinearWinkler foundation (BNWF) model is usingand subjected to non-linear static analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) leading finally to the fragility curves which are developed. These analyses aim to capture the collapse state of structures under aftershock events preceded by various mainshock levels. Results obtained from capacity curve, incremental dynamic and fragility curves of ISSP system.The analytical results show that in the MA sequences,for dense soil the vulnerable of mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading are more damage due to mainshock loading for all diameter of the pile and the mass. For soft soil are more vulnerable to damage due to mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading. But in the stiff clay the effect of mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading for all the diameter of pile and for masse are neglected.
Keywords:bridge,interaction soil-pile-structure, Winkler foundation, dynamic analysis, fragility curves,mainshock-aftershock.
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Sangadji, Senot, Rida Handiana Devi Safarizki, and Hendramawat Aski Safarizki. "Assessing Seismic Fragility of Low-Rise RC Buildings by means of Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA)." E3S Web of Conferences 445 (2023): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344501017.
Abstract:
The modern era witnessed an urbanization and economic growth concentrated in urban areas. Despite an increase in welfare, this receives a greater threat when an earthquake occurs. This research aims to assess the structural risk of low to medium-rise reinforced concrete building structures, commonly built in developing countries. This research was carried out by performing an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) od an existing building model. In this analysis, the structural model was given a set of dynamic earthquake loads which were increased in magnitude according to certain scale rules until the structure experienced nonlinear behavior and reached a near collapse condition. Five artificial accelerogram recordings were applied on the structure after matching with the spectral response of the target location of the structure. From the analysis, the IDA curves were obtained which describes the global dynamic behavior of the structure, namely displacement due to earthquake lateral loads. Then the damage limits were determined on the IDA curve based on the HAZUS criteria. Then the seismic risk was expressed by constructing a seismic fragility curve. This curve states the probability of exceeding certain damage limits due to variation in earthquake intensity during the service life of the structure.