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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Segregation in transportation – United States'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wong, Kwan-wai Sammy, and 黃琨暐. "Multimodal freight transportation in United States." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952422.

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2

Wong, Kwan-wai Sammy. "Multimodal freight transportation in United States." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21129009.

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3

Bremer, Jonathan Eddy. "Rusk's elasticity and residential income segregation in contemporary American cities." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217386.

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David Rusk claims in Cities Without Suburbs that elastic American cities are less segregated than other American cities. I demonstrate through statistical analyses that there is a strong correlation between Rusk's elasticity (an index comprised of a central city's annexation history since 1950 and its population density) and his income segregation index. The statistical correlation between these two variables is stronger than between Rusk's segregation index and any other variable I test, including city age, size, regional location, and black population percentage. I then consider several hypotheses that may explain these correlations and propose that the continuous annexation of peripheral, developing land by a central city prevents the incorporation of affluent suburbs. Suburban boundaries, especially those of affluent suburbs, function as population sorting mechanisms, which segregate migrant households by socioeconomic status and life-style. I ascertain that only rapidly growing, unbounded central cities prevent or ameliorate segregation by being elastic.
Department of Urban Planning
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4

Kessler, Matthew L. "How Transportation Network Companies Could Replace Public Transportation in the United States." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7045.

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The quantity of cell phone applications or mobile apps have seen an upsurge at an exponential rate in under a decade. Many have been created for a variety of industries, including transportation. The advent and subsequent commercialized implementation of near-instant transport by a middleman-type of app is now known as a Transportation Network Company or TNC. Examples of the more renowned TNCs are Uber, Lyft and Sidecar. In recent years, TNCs have cultivated a tremendous following, to the degree of taxicab desertion. Moreover, the massive success of TNCs led to expansion of its capacities into public transportation. The TNC’s expeditious popularity has garnered the attention of government and transit agencies. Without fail, TNCs can complement, supplement or compete with transit. However, sparsely has there been any deep discussion about a TNC potentially supplanting transit. The aim of this paper is to show how TNCs could replace public transportation in the United States if subsidized at the same level of transit agencies. Austin, Texas was analyzed as the case study city. A comparison of subsidization between Austin’s transit agency: Cap Metro, the local TNCs, and on a national aggregate level was conducted. The evidence herein clearly shows that TNCs are highly competitive when in revenue service operating at full capacity, potentially replacing public transportation.
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5

Burton, Larry D. "Strategic inventory positioning of Navy depot level repairables." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FBurton.pdf.

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6

Hook, Czarnocki Susan A. (Susan Amy) 1942. "Attitudes towards desegregation in the United States 1964-1978." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61995.

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7

Gandham, Tanvi. "The Need for Enhanced Physical Infrastructure in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1761.

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8

Adkins, Arlie Steven. "Determinants of Recent Mover Non-work Travel Mode Choice." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1919.

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Active transportation modes of walking and bicycling have the potential to help mitigate environmental and health concerns ranging from growing greenhouse gas emissions to increasing rates of obesity. This dissertation investigates how new movers make decisions about active transportation, particularly non-work utilitarian walking, in the context of a new home and neighborhood. New movers are an important, yet often overlooked, population in travel behavior research because they provide an opportunity to observe behavior adoption in new contexts, but also because the roughly one-in-ten Americans who move each year are more likely to consider changes to daily routines, including travel behavior, making them prime targets for voluntary travel behavior change programs. Using data from a two-wave survey of recent movers in six U.S. cities, psychological and social mechanisms essential to the built environment travel behavior relationship. The research is divided into three stand-alone papers (chapters 4, 5 and 6). First, to isolate the built environment effect on active travel mode adoption, the relative influence of the built environment and a robust set of self-selection variables is quantified. Second, the psychological constructs that facilitate the built environment travel behavior relationship are identified. And in light of increasing market demand for housing in walkable urban neighborhoods and the observed importance of self-selection, the final paper quantifies the extent to which low-income households face are able to realize preferences for walkable housing locations. The key findings of this dissertation are that 1) the built environment plays a key role in determining recent mover adoption of utilitarian walking even after controlling for self-selection; 2) the influence of the built environment on post-move adoption of utilitarian walking largely mediated by perceived behavior control, as expected, and, unexpectedly, by descriptive social norms; and 3) low-income movers who prioritized moving to a walkable place were about half as likely as higher-income movers to be able to realize this preference. These findings have practical and theoretical implications which are discussed in each paper and in the final chapter.
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9

Perkins, Judy Annette. "Institutionalizing transportation infrastructure investments and economic development : the role of State Departments of Transportation in multi-state economic development activities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32808.

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10

Salehi, Reza. "Identifying Sensitivity of a Simulation Model to Speed Data in the Midwest United States." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10844080.

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Engineering practitioners using microsimulation tools to models traffic impacts, have limited guidelines from municipalities regarding how drivers behave. In the Midwest of the United States, drivers may behave similarly on certain types of roads. The objective of this study was to see whether there are significant differences in travel time and delays when using different drivers’ behavior input on VISSIM.

To conduct this study, the researcher studied two locations that had traffic simulation models already available. The first study site was a section of MO-364, which is in the northwest of Saint Louis area, and the second study site was along US-76 in Branson, Missouri. MO-364 and I-270 have posted speed limit of 60 mph. The researcher collected free-flow speed data from both sites and put the inputs-desired speed distributions- into VISSIM for MO-364 model. The software gave outputs for travel time, delays on the links and delays on delays on the nodes. The researcher did the same procedure for US-76 model for US-76 corridor and Northwest University Rd.

To see whether there were any differences in travel time and delays by choosing different drivers’ behavior, the researcher collected free flow speed in all the roads and put it into VISSIM to see the outcomes of 1) Travel time, 2) Delay on the links, and 3) Delay on the intersections. In order to analyze the results, paired two sample t-test was used through Microsoft Excel.

The results showed that there are significant differences in travel time and delay on the links that have little congestion during the study period. However, in the roads that have more congestion, statistical analysis proved that based on paired two sample t-test with 95 percent confidence interval, the differences are significant in those features. The only feature that remained the same in any condition was delay on the nodes (intersections). This result means that for simulation studies focused on measuring intersection delay, driver speed behavior can be applied from other locations within the region and need-not be collected at the specific study site.

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11

Gordon, Michael A. "Funding Urban Mass Transit in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1844.

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Thesis advisor: Richard, S.J. McGowan
As urbanized areas have grown across the United States, roads have quickly developed with them. Yet many cities have developed this infrastructure at the cost of failing to adequately fund urban mass transit, in spite of the important services it provides for the poor, commuters, and the environment. Consequently, many urban mass transit systems have struggled with deficits, increased fares, and reduced service. This study examines six major systems in the United States and analyzes data from these systems to provide policy recommendations regarding urban mass transit funding
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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12

Caldwell, Jessica. "Relocating segregation : the Pea Island Life-Saving Station /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=654.

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Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Includes abstract. Originally issued in electronic format. UMI number: 1434476. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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13

Wheeler, Michael Terence. "Visualizing the transportation effects of urban mercantilism Eastern New York, 1822--1860 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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14

DeStefanis, Anthony Roland. "Trains, Trucks, and Traffic Jams: The Rise of Automotive Transportation, 1880-1956." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626070.

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15

Glock, Earl Ferdinand. "The Rise of Modern Richmond and the Fall of Electric Transit." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626601.

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16

Vinje, Daniel Martin 1959. "The Effects of Deregulation on Rail Rates: A Study on Wheat, Barley, Corn, Oat, and Soybean." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29868.

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Although the original intent of this study was to do a pre-and post-deregulation assessment of rail rates per ton-mile, the results using post-deregulation data show a significant decrease in rail rates between 1981 and 2000. While accounting for changes in shipment characteristics, savings for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers were 63.80%, 69.17%, 49.07%, 67.97%, and 59.36%, respectively. Rate savings over time for an average 1981 shipment were 45%, 55%, 38%, 45%, and 36% for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers, respectively. Analysis regarding the effects of deregulation of rail rates on com, soybean, and wheat on a regional basis shows that rail rates not only differ across commodities, but also among regions. In general, it was found that grain producers within regions that had higher levels of intermodal competition had lower rates than their counterparts with lower levels of intermodal competition. Distribution of benefits as a result of market-based pricing has varied among regions, and these variances are increasing over time.
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17

Kayser, Valérie. "Legal aspects of private launch services in the United States." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60462.

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The last decade has witnessed the development of a private launch industry. Under international space law, in particular the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, States shall supervise and authorize the activities of their nationals, including private launch companies, in Outer Space. In the United States, a substantial set of regulations has been elaborated to exercise this control over the activities of the private launch industry. This thesis analyzes, in a first chapter, the evolution which led to these regulations. The Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 and the subsequent regulations issued by the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, regarding the licensing process are dealt with in the second chapter. The third chapter examines the most important practical legal issue relating to private launch services, namely liability and insurance.
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18

Mennie, James J. "A Culture/Climate Examination of Autonomous Vehicle Technology in the United States." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13423130.

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Autonomous Vehicle are coming. But mass adoption is at least ten years away according to consensus compiled from interviews conducted with industry thought lenders. Questions remain as to what technology those vehicles will contain as there is no universal platform for autonomous vehicle technology, since manufacturers, hardware and software companies are developing their own proprietary products. A/V technology is expected to improve productivity, and provide a plethora of societal benefits, but while we await the closure of the time gap the US will lose almost 40,000 citizens each year with traffic fatalities.

Connected vehicle technology, which is currently completing pilot studies, has been shown to reduce automobile accidents. This technology is not as complex as autonomous vehicle technology and is available now. Semi-autonomous vehicles which is Level 1 through Level 3 on the Society of Automobile Executives (SAE) scale is available on American automobiles today and has proven to be very popular amongst consumers. Technology convergence of semi-autonomous vehicle and connected vehicles can bridge the time gap until mass adoption of autonomous vehicle and contribute to reducing annual traffic fatalities. Combining these technologies will give drivers additional safety features thus providing them with the opportunity of making better decisions.

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19

Cole, Neila B. "Regional Analysis of Log Truck Crashes in the United States between 2011 and 2015." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83486.

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Safe and efficient transportation of fiber is an essential component of the forest products supply chain, yet log truck crashes are believed to have increased across the United States. We examined two federally maintained databases to explore crash characteristics. Study objectives were to characterize log truck crashes nationally and regionally, and to compare log trucks to other similar trucks and assess differences. An analysis of 383 crashes involving log trucks across the U.S. were divided into four geographic regions for regional assessment. Results indicate that log trucks were significantly more likely to experience a rollover (p<.0001) as compared to other large trucks types. The average age of log trucks involved in fatal crashes (13 years) was significantly older (p=.0109) than overall average age for other large trucks (7.6 years). Log truck driver age was significantly different between region (p=.0269) with the highest average age in the Western region (53.4) and the lowest average age in the Midwest region (45.5). Calculations of crash rates revealed that the national average was 0.7 fatal log truck crashes per 100 million ft3 of wood harvested. The highest rate of log truck crashes occurred in the Southeast with 0.9 fatal crashes per 100 million ft3 of wood harvested. Between 2011 and 2015 fatal log truck crashes increased by 41%. Log tractor-trailer crashes increased 33% while all tractor-trailer crashes increased by 16%. Our findings reveal sufficient differences between log trucks and other large trucks to justify additional research regarding causation of crashes.
Master of Science
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20

Oswald, Michelle Renee. "Rating the sustainability of transportation investments corridors as a case study /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 232 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493671&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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21

Chhun, Sereyrithy. "Key complex issues impacting public private partnerships for transportation renewal projects in the United States." Thesis, Colorado State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1564437.

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Highways have become a symbol of modern America (Levinson, 2004), and infrastructure investment plays a pivotal role both in short-term and long-term economic growth and in job creation. In the US, it represents 16% of the gross national product, and every dollar of public investment in highways has a net rate of return of 22 cents, and every billion dollars of federal highway investment generates 47,500 jobs (AASHTO 2003). In response to the inabilities to raise government revenues in the US, aging infrastructure systems, and high construction and O/M costs, infrastructure development has steadily become a collaboration work between the public and private sector. In liberalized infrastructure markets, various governance structures are being tested for application of public-private partnerships (PPPs or P3s) strategies in infrastructure development (Estache, 2004).

This thesis aims to review the key complex PPP issues in transportation renewal projects in the US that adopt PPPs. While PPPs can be applied to a range of agreements, the PPP projects to be studied and analyzed in this paper will be limited to those involving complex financing, design, construction and long-term operation and maintenance of transportation infrastructure of at least 10 years. These issues are examined in the context of six case studies in six different state across the US by means of interview and archival record. Findings resulting from this work suggested that PPPs have been increasingly implemented by departments of transportation in the US as a mean to tape into private resources. In addition, this research identified four key complex PPP issues in transportation projects as such Economic issue, Procurement issue, Risk Issue, and Governance issue. States have established a dedicated organizational unit to facilitate the use of PPPs, for example High Performance Enterprise (HPTE) in Colorado and Innovative Project Delivery Division in Virginia, but there exist no standards or best practices in the United States for procurement, concession terms, or risk-sharing.

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22

Choi, Jaesung. "Transportation Sustainability on Economic and Environmental Aspects in the United States: Statistical and Quantitative Approaches." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24839.

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The dissertation consists of three essays: 1) Productivity growth in the transportation industries in the United States: An application of the DEA Malmquist productivity index; 2) how does a carbon dioxide emissions change affect transportation productivity? A case study of the U.S. transportation sector from 2002 to 2011; and 3) forecast of CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector: Estimation from a double exponential smoothing model. The first essay reviews productivity growth in the five major transportation industries in the United States (airline, truck, rail, pipeline, and water) and the pooled transportation industry from 2004 to 2011. The major findings are that the U.S. transportation industry shows strong and positive productivity growth except in the years of the global financial crisis in 2007, 2008, and 2010, and among the five transportation industries, the rail and water sectors show the highest productivity growth in 2011. The second essay examines the effects of a carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions change on actual productivity in the U.S. transportation sector. This study finds that a CO2 emissions increase from 2002 to 2007 had a negative effect on actual productivity in the U.S. transportation sector, but the CO2 emissions reduction for 2008?2011 increases actual productivity. States mainly showing sustainable growth patterns (decrease in CO2 emissions concurrent with increasing actual productivity) experience higher technological innovation increase than an efficiency decrease. This finding suggests that fuel-efficient and carbon reduction technologies as well as alternative transportation energy sources may be essential factors to both grow transportation and slow global warming. The third essay reviews whether the decreasing trend in U.S. CO2 emissions from the transportation sector since the end of the 2000s is consistent across all states in the nation for 2012?2021. A double exponential smoothing model is used to forecast CO2 emissions for the transportation sector in the 50 states and the U.S., and its findings are supported by pseudo out-of-sample forecasts validity testing. This study concludes that the decreasing trend in transportation CO2 emissions in the U.S. will continue in most states in the future.
Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC)
U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
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23

Hall, Joel Bennett. "Segregation and the Politics of Race: Mary McLeod Bethune and the National Youth Administration, 1935-1943." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626073.

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24

Holderbach, Hans. "The air transport relations between the European Union and the United States /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21684.

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Air Transport relations between the European Union and the United States were nonexistent until the European Commission obtained in 1996 from the member states a limited mandate to negotiate an air transport agreement with the US. For the Commission, the achievement of an EU internal market with full competition among European airlines under equal conditions is impeded by individual member states' bilateral relations with the US. It requested a complete mandate to replace the multitude of bilaterals with a Community wide agreement. Member states fear that Community negotiations will not reflect the different needs of their national airlines. They believe that their interests are best met through individual bilateral agreements and refused the Commission the right to negotiate the commercially important market access rights: routes, capacity and frequency. Even though the US is willing to consider an agreement with the EU it still pursues bilateral liberalisation through Open Skies agreements as they are more advantageous to its interests. For EU and US airlines an agreement on the EU - US level is not a priority as their needs are being met through their strategic codesharing alliances.
This thesis studies the legal rules affecting the EU - US relations and analyses to what extent these rules are shaped by political and economic interests. Special attention is paid to the convergence and divergence of the parties' legal regimes and policies, and to the prospects for an agreement on the essential issues of a complete bilateral agreement between the US and the EU.
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25

Bartley, Sarah. "Universal Pre-K as a Vehicle for Reversing the Impact of Historic Racial Segregation in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505274/.

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Not all children begin their educational journey on equal footing. The purpose of this study is to investigate how universal prekindergarten (UPK) can serve as a key to remedying issues surrounding educational inequity. In order to understand educational inequity, I dive into the history of neighborhood racial segregation in the United States, and how it led to our currently unjust system. Racial segregation, specifically city zoning laws, created racially separate neighborhoods that are still relatively homogenous to this day. In order to ascertain how UPK could combat these issues stemming from historic racial segregation, I evaluate programs in three states to highlight the approach to UPK that each has implemented: New York, Georgia, and Oklahoma. Program features in Oklahoma have produced high-quality standards and the program has reached a larger percentage of 4-year-olds. I discuss multiple dimensions of proposed education reform, particularly for students of color, including the culturally-situated nature of high-stakes testing and its inability to fully capture student and school progress. I propose a culturally empowering approach to UPK, situated within the Dallas community, as a solution to current educational inequity.
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Ritteman, Thomas Arthur. "Grains, Trains and Aqua-Mobiles." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29633.

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Grain shippers are constantly faced with making merchandising and logistical decisions while trying to achieve a positive net margin. They have to decide how much grain to sell and when the most opportune time to do so occurs. In addition, decisions regarding how much freight should be acquired and where grain should be shipped need to be addressed. These decisions are met by several sources of risk such as futures spreads, basis levels, transit times, equipment placements, and farmer deliveries. The primary objective of this thesis was to develop a model to determine both the optimal amount of grain that should be sold in the pipeline and the optimal amount of freight that should be hedged by grain shippers through the use of forward shipping mechanisms. Certificates of Transportation (COTs) offered by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway were used to represent forward shipping mechanisms in this thesis. A stochastic simulation model of a prototypical grain shipper containing three country elevators and two export facilities was developed. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on merchandising and logistical variables to evaluate different scenarios. The analysis revealed that committing to too many shuttle COTS limited the shipper's flexibility, forced sales to be made in suboptimal periods, and significantly increased the level of demurrage. The type of freight ordering strategy implemented by each elevator ultimately determined the overall sustainability of the firm; shippers need to diversify the type of freight they commit to because ordering too much long-term freight can result in bad sales decisions, whereas relying only on short-term freight is costly and inefficient. Not being able to quickly adapt to volatile market conditions can result in making bad selling decisions and untimely freight purchases which can hinder the longevity of a firm.
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Goode, Tia. "The Racialization of Space: How Housing Segregation Caused the Racial Wealth Gap in the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5826.

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This project addresses how residential segregation have stymied home ownership and wealth in the black community; inhibiting true housing equity. This thesis project will attempt to use design as a means to help address past and continuing discrimination. Accessibility, affordability and accountability are central to this goal, which will be addressed in the project. The site chosen for this project is the St. Luke’s Building located in Richmond, VA. This building was home to the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal and cooperative insurance society for blacks. It also housed the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank which was founded in 1903 by Maggie Walker. Walker was the first woman to charter a bank in the United States.
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Hartell, Ann. "Sprawl and Commuting: Exploring New Measures of United States Metro Regions." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6095/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2015_07.pdf.

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The degree of connectivity and proximity that results from the configuration of land uses and associated transport networks is an important concept in much of the transportation research agenda. A substantial body of work has developed around the idea that compact, mixed-use development with multimodal transport options will shape travel behavior, increasing the use of transit, walking, and cycling for routine travel. Yet empirical evidence is somewhat mixed. One of the reasons for this uncertainty is the difficulty of defining and measuring sprawl in a meaningful way for use in quantitative analyses, rather than using regionally idiosyncratic or mono-dimensional definitions of sprawl. A recently released national dataset measuring multiple dimensions of urban form offers an opportunity to explore the relationship between transportation and sprawl. This study uses a series of spatial regressions to model effects on the share of a county's workers who commute by driving alone. The results for income are found to be robust across various model specifications, confirming the well-established, positive relationship between income and d riving to work. The results for the Street Accessibility Factor suggest characteristics of the street network are related to the choice to commute by driving alone, with more compact street networks and greater connectivity associated with reduced driving alone. The Land Use Mixing Factor has little power in explaining travel behavior, despite its intuitive appeal as the land use component of the commute mode decision.
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Redman-Ernst, Gilbert M. "Effects of Uber on the Traffic Fatalities in the United States." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626723722407435.

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30

Kenis, William John. "A chronology on the development of rational design capabilities for flexible pavements at the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272312.

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31

Margo, Robert A. "Disenfranchisement, school finance, and the economics of segregated schools in the United States South, 1890-1910." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/11785265.html.

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32

Langley, Brandy Marie. "The Black Experience in the United States: An Examination of Lynching and Segregation as Instruments of Genocide." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5057.

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Abstract This thesis analyzes lynching and segregation in the American South between the years 1877 and 1951. It argues that these crimes of physical and social violence constitute genocide against black Americans, according to the definitions of genocide proposed by Raphael Lemkin and then the later legal definition adopted by the United Nations. American law and prevailing white American social beliefs sanctioned these crimes. Lynching and segregation were used as tools of persecution intended to keep black people in their designated places in a racial hierarchy in the United States at this time period. These crimes were two of many coordinated actions designed to physically and mentally harm a group of people defined and targeted on grounds of race. These actions of mentally and physically harming members of the group do constitute genocide under both Lemkin's original concept of genocide and the United Nations' legal genocide definition. Studies of the black experience, although starting to gain some research popularity, are virtually absent from genocide historiography. This thesis aims to fill part of that void and contribute to the emerging studies of one of America's "hidden genocides."* * "Hidden genocides" is a term that Alexander Laban Hinton, Thomas La Pointe, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson have used to describe intentional destruction of groups in human history (genocide) that are often denied, dismissed or neglected in popular and scholarly discussions about genocide. [Alexander Laban Hinton, Thomas La Pointe, and Douglas Irvin-Erickson. Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory. New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 2014).
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Shugar, Miles. "From horse to electric power at the Metropolitan Railroad Company Site| Archaeology and the narrative of technological change." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566557.

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The Metropolitan Railroad Company Site in Roxbury (Boston), Massachusetts, was first excavated in the late 1970s by staff of the Museum of Afro American History. Researchers recovered nearly 20,000 artifacts related to the site's life as a horsecar street railway station and carriage manufacturer from 1860 to 1891, its subsequent conversion into an electric street railway until around 1920, and finally its modern use as an automobile garage. Using the framework of behavioral archaeology, this project uses GIS-based spatial methods and newly collected documentary evidence to reexamine the site's assemblage of horse accoutrements and carriage manufacturing byproducts. Artifact distribution maps overlaid on detailed historic maps reveal that carriage manufacturing ceased concurrent with street railway electrification, but horse harness craftsmanship continued on to serve in new capacities, highlighting nuances in the narrative of technological change onsite and connecting the life histories of materials to historical actors involved with these transitions.

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Bruggeman, Seth C. "The Shenandoah River Gundalow and the Politics of Material Reuse." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626244.

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Pearce, Rosemary. "Mobilised emotions : public transportation in the Jim Crow era, 1896-1964." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48742/.

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This project works to unveil emotional experiences on segregated public transportation from 1896 to 1964. In so doing, it opens up how feelings evoked by racial conflict on public transportation helped to fuel the black rights movement that demanded the end of the segregated system. Through examining plaintiffs of civil rights test cases, Pullman porters, members of the armed forces in the Second World War, and grassroots activists of the 1950s and 1960s, the thesis reassesses the familiar topics of segregated transportation and black resistance to it through the lens of emotions. It shows not only that the feelings of African Americans were systematically dismissed, ignored, and suppressed, but also that the expression of certain emotions was mandatory for black passengers. Deviating from these emotional norms often resulted in verbal or physical abuse, hindering the protest of discriminatory treatment perpetrated by white police, bus drivers, conductors, and passengers. Finally, the thesis uncovers how black activists responded to this everyday form of racial control by converting emotional self-regulation into a weapon with which to attack segregation. The emotional context of segregated public transportation in this period has hitherto been neglected, but following the emotional turn in history, this project works to illuminate the full extent of the racial control white Americans exerted over the expression of African American emotion. Recognising this distinct form of oppression has implications for the study of the Jim Crow era more widely, and in particular the long civil rights movement.
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Williams, Kim C. "Organizational change : a study of the integrated customer support system at United States Transportation Command." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390946.

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Hunter, William, James Oberg, and Travis Logsdon. "Feasibility study and process recommendation for United States Air Force currency transportation mission: "Jingle Runs"." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9983.

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MBA Professional Report
The purpose of this MBA Project was to study the current U.S. Air Force currency transportation process, particularly currency transportation from the United States to Japan and Korea. The goal of this study was to explore ways that might reduce the U.S. Air Forceb2ss cost burden for currency transportation. These tasks are called b3sJingle Runsb4s, which are performed to meet requirements of all Military Banking Facilities in Japan and Korea. Using modeling and forecasting, this study analyzes the current process against two viable currency transportation alternatives and recommends the most cost efficient alternative.
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Trigueros, Marco Antonio. "An analysis of project prioritization methods at the regional level in the seventy-five largest metropolitan areas in the United States of America." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26682.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Meyer, Michael; Committee Member: Amekudzi, Adjo; Committee Member: Garrow, Laurie. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Campo, Carlos. "Bus rapid transit: theory and practice in the United States and abroad." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37089.

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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a relatively new mode with a wide range of applications that are still not well understood. Its explosive growth in developing and developed countries has increased its exposure but has led to mostly experimental implementation with mixed results. Therefore, better understanding about the reasons behind BRT implementation success and shortcomings is needed. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the state of BRT planning under different contexts by assessing how background theory and practical implementation of BRT systems compare. The scope is limited to current a detailed evaluation of 13 case studies in the United States, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador chosen to represent some of the most succesful and established systems in the world. Data was obtaiend from previous research as well as direct reporting from agencies. The evaluation is performed through qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods classify BRT systems by characteristics and assess the relationship between their implementation and performance using the criteria defined in the literature. Quantitative methods build upon the previous analysis to more precisely assess their performance from both the users' and the transit providers' perspectives. This research found that BRT as a public transit mode has a large room of improvement in terms of design and implementation, since there is a significant variability in performance under similar conditions and a considerable gap between planning best practices and implementation. Also, that planning guidelines are still in an early stage of development and difer in scope and application to a particular context. It also found that its success is not conscribed to developing countries, but that its wide range of applications need to be better adapted to the context they should serve. The findings are significant because they dispel myths about the real potential of BRT and partially identify the reasons behind successes and failures of current systems, such as understimation of implementation times and lack of knowledge about component integration. Further research should approach these issues mainly in two complementary directions. First, it should focus on expanding the case study approach to the newer systems in operation once better data is available. Second,it should further advance the development of theoretical framwork for better operational design based on urban form, as well as an evaluation framework that puts more emphasis on user experience and sustainability. Finally, the findings reinforce that BRT is a distinct mode so that systems that do not meet its criteria should not be named as such.
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Scott, Marc Angus. "Developing Input to “Best-Value” Vehicle Procurement Practice: An Analysis of Supplier Evaluation and Selection in the U.S. Public Transportation Industry." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29321.

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Collectively, US public transportation systems operated 137,047 vehicles per peak period in 2008 (American Public Transportation Association 2010). Buses accounted for the largest segment among these vehicles, and the passenger van segment was second. Together, they accounted for 78% of the vehicles operated per peak period (American Public Transportation Association 2010). Due to their pervasive use in the public transportation industry, buses and vans have been the focus in various academic research studies. However, very few studies have focused on vehicle procurement. Further, none have focused on the specific vehicle procurement function of supplier evaluation and selection. The over-arching objective of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the relative importance of vehicle supplier attributes in reference to the Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) “best-value” procurement initiative and the influence of these attributes on the evaluation and selction of bus and van suppliers. This research studies vehicle procurement decision-makers at public transportation agencies to determine which supplier attributes they perceive to be the most important when evaluating vehicle suppliers. Results indicate that the top five supplier attributes were quality, reliability, after-sales support, warranties and claims, and integrity. The order of these top five attributes changed according to the type of supplier being evaluated, i.e., conventional fuel vehicle supplier versus alternative fuel vehicle supplier. The reason for this change was explained as being due to the increased engineering and technological expertise required of alternative fuel vehicle suppliers. Utilizing Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), the research showed that the variation in the perception of the importance of particular supplier attributes was not generally influenced by an agency's urban classification, its vehicle fleet size, its capital expenditure level, its decision-makers' education level, or their years of experience. However, FTA region was determined to have an influence on two attributes. Utilizing a conditional logit discrete choice model, the research also found that in practice price and not quality had the highest parameter estimate and was therefore deemed most important. It was followed by quality, after-sales support, technical capability, and delivery. Further, to garner a deeper understanding of attributes' relative importance, participants in the research identified 41 attribute components and provided metrics by which to measure these components and, by extension, the attributes. This research contributes in four areas. These are government procurement initiatives, agency “best-value” procurement practice, vehicle supplier marketing, and academic research in supplier evaluation and selection in the public transportation industry.
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Caldwell, Amanda. "Assessment of Transportation Emissions for Ferrous Scrap Exports from the United States: Activity-Based Maritime Emissions Model and Theoretical Inland Transportation Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103296/.

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Industrial ecology is a field of study that encourages the use of closed-loop material cycles to achieve sustainability. Loop closing requires the movement of materials over space, and has long been practiced in the iron and steel industry. Iron and steel (ferrous) scrap generated in the U.S. is increasingly exported to countries in Asia, lengthening the transportation distance associated with closing the loop on the iron and steel life cycle. In order to understand the environmental cost of transporting this commodity, an activity-based maritime transportation model and a theoretical in-land transportation model are used to estimate emissions generated. Results indicate that 10.4 mmt of total emissions were generated, and emissions increased by 136 percent from 2004 to 2009. Increases in the amount of emissions generated are due to increases in the amount of scrap exported and distance it is transported.
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Schafer, Guy M. "Identifying Bio-Diesel Production Facility Locations for Home Heating Fuel Applications Within the Midwest Region of the United States." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302263583.

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Tomlin, Stephanie A. "Planning for Active Transportation in the Western United States: An Alternative Future for Cache Valley, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7195.

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Mobility in the western U.S. is defined primarily by the private automobile. Since the conclusion of WWII, the private automobile has become readily available to the public, and as a result, has heavily influenced the design of our modern cities in the west. In recent years the connections between high motor vehicle use and rising obesity rates, crumbling road infrastructure, and deteriorating air quality have caused city officials to reexamine the transportation systems of the west. One solution advocates, city officials, and planning professionals have begun examining is active transportation (walking, cycling, and public transit). Research suggests that a robust active transportation network not only diversifies mobility options, it also encourages compact urban development, cleaner air, and a move active population. This thesis developed a methodology for examining and documenting the components of an active transportation network in the western U.S. This was done though a comprehensive literature review to glean important active transportation policies, infrastructure, and best practices. Then, two western U.S. case study cities with relatively high amounts of cycling, walking, and public transit use were selected and analyzed with site visits and planning professional interviews. The data gathered throughout this first phase of the research was then synthesized, and reoccurring themes about cycling, walking and public transit were identified. These themes were labeled as the prerequisites for active transportation in cities of the western U.S. and were documented and prioritized based on their potential impact. The themes were vetted by planning professionals in the two case study cities as well as in Cache Valley to insure accuracy and validity. A final version of the prerequisites was then documented. The final phase of this research applied the prerequisites to the transportation system in Cache Valley, UT in order to insure the list was valid and reproducible under a variety of conditions. The outcome of this phase was GIS map displaying an alternative future for active transportation in Cache Valley, UT.
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Johns-Wolfe, Elaina. "The Geography of Gentrification: Evaluating the Role of Measurement and Spatiotemporal Context on Gentrification Patterns in the United States, 1980 to 2017." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613744042092124.

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45

Toole-Holt, Lavenia Anne. "A comparative analysis of travel time expenditures in the United States." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000390.

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46

Khalifa, Rafaa Ibrahim. "Evaluating Project Assessment Techniques for High-Profile Transportation Projects Development and Delivery: Case of State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the United States." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5109.

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Time delays and cost overruns in construction projects are generally due to factors such as inappropriate planning, design errors, unexpected site conditions, inadvisable tools selection, change scope, weather conditions, lack of resources, and other project changes. Time delays and cost overruns are of concern to most project managers, owners, and governments. These elements of time and cost are two of the critical defects that impact the construction project delivery. These defects can lead to project failures and to various negative issues like increasing in disagreements among the project team, the contractor, suppliers, and the owner. State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the U.S. continue to spend heavily on roads, highways, and bridges construction, as well as development, maintenance, and expansion. This continued financial commitment reflects decades of commitment to improve the transportation service for safer and better use by the general public. Despite the notable efforts from most of the states to develop the transportation infrastructure, budget restrictions and lack of funds are some of the major challenges faced by DOTs. Highway and bridge infrastructure has a high potential growth in the U.S. construction market. Well-organized highway and bridge project investment decision-making becomes increasingly crucial in the transportation sector. In this research, transportation is specified to highway and bridge projects, and it focused on high-profile projects. These projects are defined as high-cost projects, and are associated with higher project delivery risk (typically $100 - $500 million). All states are working with their state transportation plan, listing the projects based on each state priorities and population growth. Proper planning leads to the right decision regarding selecting the best alternative within budget, and it must reflect certain core principles, including a comprehensive analysis. To facilitate such a decision process, decision makers need a trusted decision model that considers all important options and impacts. By using a decision model, decision-making will not be subjectively influenced to favor one option or group. The decision model becomes the primary tool for selecting the best option, based on its structure levels, perspectives, sub-criteria, and experts’ input. Recently, there is an apparent need for a decision model to help DOTs evaluating their options. Effective project delivery assessment tools, techniques, or practices are strongly needed to improve transportation construction projects’ performance. The research objective is to develop a comprehensive decision model that can be used by project managers and their teams to choose the most effective project assessment technique for measuring the success of performance and outcomes related to the delivery of transportation projects. This research was focused on the assessment techniques that are used in the development phase within the transportation project lifecycle phases. To this end, the research identified and screened the innovative assessment tools and techniques of project delivery that the transportation and other industries have used by reviewing numerous of academic literature and technical reports. Based on the review, value optimization elements such as cost, time, performance, risk, and resources were selected to be the primary evaluation criteria that lead to achieving the model objective. Also, the model sub-criteria were investigated and selected based on the literature review and direct discussion with some experts such as project managers, civil engineers, and value management consultants. The outcome analysis of the results showed that in terms of objectives that performance efficiency was rated the highest importance with respect to the mission, while resources presented the lowest importance from an overall assessment point of view. The results showed that Alternative 4, the VE-RACRDAM technique, was ranked as the most important alternative among others followed by Alternative 5, while Alternative 2 was ranked the least important. A five scenarios analysis was applied to measure the sensitivity of the effects of changing the relative importance of the assessment criteria on alternatives’ rankings. Results showed that Alternative 4 was maintained as the most effective assessment technique among the other alternatives in the five scenarios. In the end, experts were asked to validate the final research results, and they confirmed that the results were appropriate and valid. The validity of the decision model and findings of this research contribute new insights into the transportation construction industry as the case of state departments of transportation. Also, the experts agreed that this decision model is generalizable and could be used in other industries. Therefore, the model significantly contributes to the project management knowledge, and construction project development and delivery success.
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47

Zou, Zhihao. "A Computer Model to Estimate Commercial Aviation Fuel Consumption and Emissions in the Continental United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49576.

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A comprehensive model is developed to estimate and predict the fuel consumption and emissions by domestic commercial aviation in the Continental United States. Most of the existing fuel consumption and emission models are limited in their ability to predict the annual fuel burn for air transportation at the national level. For example, those models either require real track data or are developed only to model single flight scenarios.  The model developed in this thesis is part of a software framework called the Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM). The model has the capability to estimate fuel consumption and emissions for millions of domestic flights in a year in the continental U.S. TSAM is a nationwide, long-distance, multimodal travel demand forecast model developed at Virginia Tech. The model enables TSAM to quantify fuel and emission metrics for various modes of transportation.
The EUROCONTROL Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) is employed as the Aircraft Performance Model to simulate individual flight profiles and calculate fuel burn rates. Fuel consumption on the ground (taxi mode) is estimated separately. Different operational conditions like wind states, terminal area detour, cruise altitude and airport elevation are considered in the model. Emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SOx are computed inside the Landing/Take-off (LTO) cycle based on the fuel consumption estimate, while greenhouse gas of CO2 is calculated for the complete flight cycle.
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48

McBurney, Andrew Patrick. "A glimpse of Bike-n-Bus: an exploratory survey of the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43705.

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Bike-n-Bus includes any number of methods where bicycle serves as the access mode to some form of bus transit. This study examines bike-n-bus operations in the United States based on telephone interviews with transit professionals from 33 transit agencies across the lower 48 states. It reviews past trends in research and gives some history of bike-n-bus in the U.S. and abroad. A brief explanation of methodology is followed by a description of the various facets of U.S. bike-n-bus operations, based on both interviews and the literature, with commentary by survey respondents. The study ends with a long term vision for bike-n-bus based on the characteristics of that mode-couple. Conclusions are addressed to various audiences: transit agency, community leader/ policy maker, and researcher. Included are suggestions for possible next steps in research and implementation. These findings would be of interest to those studying transit and bicycle travel, developing travel demand models, managing a transit agency, or those with influence over bicycle policy and infrastructure. Most transit agencies have installed front-mounted bicycle racks on their entire bus fleet, and expressed satisfaction that the amenity accommodates bicyclists. However, agencies have made only moderate efforts to follow-up on this success. Studies suggest that cycling to transit can be competitive with the private automobile in journey-to-work trips and attracts new riders to transit. Better bicycling infrastructure is the most significant way to increase the number of bike-n-bus riders. However, transit agencies seem reluctant to support these improvements.
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Bienstock, Carol C. "The effect of outsourcing and situational characteristics on physical distribution transportation efficiency." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164856/.

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Ziemke, Dominik. "Comparison of high-speed rail systems for the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37286.

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After decades of standstill in intercity passenger rail in the United States, the Obama administration recently started major initiatives to implement high-speed ground transportation projects that are expected to improve the nation's transportation system significantly, addressing most prevailing issues like congestion and energy prices while having positive effects on the economy. This study evaluates and compares two high-speed ground transportation systems that have the potential to improve intercity passenger transportation in the United States significantly: the wheel-on-rail high-speed system and the high-speed maglev system. Both high-speed ground transportation systems were evaluated with respect to 58 characteristics organized into 7 categories associated with technology, environmental impacts, economic considerations, user-friendliness, operations, political factors, and safety. Based on the performance of each system in each of the 58 characteristics, benefit values were assigned. In order to weight the relative importance of the different characteristics, a survey was conducted with transportation departments and transportation professionals. The survey produced weighting factors scoring each of the 58 characteristics and the 7 categories. Applying a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the overall utility values for either system were calculated based on the benefit values from the systems comparison and the weighting factors from the survey. It was shown that the high-speed maglev system is generally slightly superior over the wheel-on-rail high-speed system. Because the magnitude of the difference in the overall performance of both transportation systems is not very big, it is recommended that every project in the high-speed intercity passenger transportation market consider both HSGT systems equally.
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