Journal articles on the topic 'Segregation – Economic aspects'
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Wojciechowska-Solis, Julia, Agata Kobyłka, and Adam Gawryluk. "Social Responsibility of Economic Units and the Well-Being of Society in the Tourism Sector: Example of Accommodation Facility." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 6270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196270.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) assumes that companies should justify their existence with services for various stakeholders and not with profit alone. There is a strong emphasis on the implications of CSR for managing human resources in hotels and other accommodation services, supporting local communities, and promoting environmental sustainability. This article aims to present the adjustment of business entities providing accommodation services in Poland to the CSR principles. Two aspects were examined: the environmental aspect, i.e., waste segregation and the use of economic energy receivers, while the social aspect included engaging employees, as well as investing in improving their qualifications towards pro-ecological awareness. The study was conducted on a sample of 207 owners and managers of economic entities in the accommodation sector in Poland. The Statistica software was used to analyze the obtained results, including Chi2 statistics and correspondence analysis. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the employees of accommodation centers usually deal with the final segregation of waste because they believe that tourists do not follow the rules of proper segregation. Most hotels are equipped with bins for all fractions of waste. The affiliation of a center to a specific macroregion in Poland was not statistically significant in terms of waste segregation practices. Only in the southern macroregion of Poland, ordinary light bulbs are used in accommodation establishments, which account for 0.97% of the surveyed population. In other regions, ¾ establishments use energy-saving receivers in all rooms. Only 1/3 of the facilities invested in developing their staff by organizing training courses toward sustainable development. The most popular subjects were topics related to waste segregation, energy and water saving, and environmental protection.
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Pásztor, Gyöngyi. "Slums and pauperization processes." Erdélyi Társadalom 1, no. 1 (2003): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.14.
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The study of poverty and its urban manifestations gains more and more importance in the transition period. Due to the official constraints regarding the choice of the workplace and the residence during state-socialism, phenomena of residential segregation were much seldom in Romania than in Western societies. After 1989, a considerable proportion of the houses stock became suddenly private poverty; consequently, the housing market started to function as a real market, after the rules of demand and offer. In the same time, the social and economic changes led to a general decay of the living standards and to an increase of the number of those living under the poverty line. The joint effects of the impoverishment of the population, the precarious social protection, and the liberalization of the housing market became manifest in the accentuation of residential segregation. Poverty cannot be treated any longer only as a statistically circumscribed category, it ought to be analyzed in relation with the local segregational phenomena, paying attention to territorial aspects as well. In her present work, Pásztor Gyöngyi investigates how the segregation process took place in Cluj, determining the appearance of slum areas
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Groisman, Fernando. "La persistencia de la segregación residencial socioeconómica en Argentina / The Persistence of Socio-Economic Residential Segregation in Argentina." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v25i2.1356.
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Este documento se refiere a uno de los aspectos de la dinámica de la segregación residencial socioeconómica: su persistencia en el tiempo. Se analiza el tema en el contexto de la recuperación económica que experimentó Argentina luego de la crisis de 2001. Durante este periodo la pobreza y la desocupación disminuyeron notablemente, y aminoró la desigualdad de la distribución del ingreso en los primeros años para luego mantenerse estable. Mediante la confección de cohortes ficticias se procedió a evaluar si quienes se encontraban en entornos expuestos a mayor privación socioeconómica mejoraron su situación en términos relativos durante esos años. Los resultados sugieren que el patrón de segregación residencial socioeconómica no se modificó. Ello obliga a avanzar hacia la formulación de una agenda de políticas públicas que tome en cuenta explícitamente tales aspectos del bienestar de la población. AbstractThis document explores one of the aspects of the dynamics of socio-economic regional segregation: its persistence over time. The topic is analyzed in the context of the economic recovery undergone by Argentina after the 2001 crisis. This period saw a sharp drop in poverty and unemployment, while there was a decrease in income distribution inequality improved in the early years before leveling off. Fictitious cohorts are used to assess whether those in environments exposed to higher levels of socio-economic deprival improved their situation in relative terms during this period. The results obtained suggest that the pattern of socio-economic residential segregation was not modified. This forces one to advance towards the discussion of a public policy agenda that will specifically take into account these aspects of the population’s welfare.
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Haque, Ismail, Dipendra Nath Das, and Priyank Pravin Patel. "Spatial Segregation in Indian Cities." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 1 (March 2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425317749657.
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As India transforms into an increasingly urban society, ward-level data from the 2011 Indian Census is analysed to decipher how inequality patterns vary across different scales of urban settlements, highlighting the spatial segregation by gender, caste, socio-economic status (SES) and access to goods, by examining a specific state (Uttar Pradesh) as a microcosm to account for the nation’s enormous socio-political diversity. Caste-based spatial segregation is greater in small and medium cities compared to metropolises, possibly from greater intermingling of socio-cultural identities in larger urban locales that lower caste barriers. This also applies to segregation by SES. Contrastingly, segregation by gender or by access to essential goods is higher in larger and medium cities. Within cities, caste-based segregation is greater than that by SES. A stark spatial segregation in terms of households’ (HHs) access to essential public and private goods exists, often higher than even caste-based segregation. Summary explanations for these differentials in spatial segregation across settlements scales are offered, highlighting probable further research aspects.
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Butar-butar, Lamria, and Yohanes Tuaderu. "Social Class Segregation in American Society As Portrayed in Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story." LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature 2, no. 2 (February 4, 2017): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55345/stba1.v2i2.17.
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This paper discusses about social class segregation in American Society especially in Manhattan as portrayed in The Zoo Story written by Edward Albee in 1958. The segregation can be seen through the social intercourse between Peter and Jerry, the main characters in this play. These characters are positioned in different social class because of the difference of educational and economic background. The writers use various sources to enrich their perspective and analysis taken from books and online sources. This research stands on the sociological side to view the problem why segregation may occur in real social life. To develop a good elaboration on the data found in the drama, the writers use sociological theory proposed by Pierre Bourdieu that focuses on educational and economic capital as the main factors to segregate people in human society. After conducting the research, the writers found that there is a social class segregation in American Society which is depicted in The Zoo Story. This fact encourages most Americans to realize the what-so-called American Dream which aims to have a good and happy life based on freedom and equality in all aspects of life without considering the race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, religion, employment status, and so on.
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Porter, Jeremy R., Emory Morrison, Sriram Chintakrindi, and Derrick Shapley. "The historically enduring gap in death penalty support." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 26, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.26.2.1.
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This paper evaluates four racial‑ecological theories regarding the historically enduring racial divide in public opinion regarding death penalty support. Using geo‑coded data from the 20th century, this research examines the relative representation of African Americans, the level of black‑white economic inequality, and the extent of racial residential segregation on race‑spe‑ cific odds of supporting the death penalty. The research finds support for aspects of racial social context accounting for a portion of the black-white gap in death penalty support at the time. We find differential effects, by race, of representation and segregation as mediators of public opinion regarding the death penalty.
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Semyonov, Moshe. "Development and Gender-Linked Economic Inequality in the Era of Globalization." Sociology of Development 4, no. 3 (2018): 304–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2018.4.3.304.
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This paper focuses on the relations between development and gender disparities in labor market outcomes in the era of globalization. Within a cross-national comparative framework, the article examines the relations between development and globalization and three aspects of gender-linked disparities (women's labor force participation, gender occupational differentiation, and gender pay gap) at two time points: 1990 and 2015. The data reveal patterns in the relationship between development, globalization, and each dimension of gender inequality. First, development but not globalization tends to increase women's labor force participation. Second, development is likely to reduce gender occupational segregation. But the effect is indirect; it is transmitted via the increased number of economically active women. Third, less gender occupational segregation does not necessarily mean greater occupational equality; high female labor force participation is likely to reduce women's likelihood of employment in high-status professional and managerial occupations. Fourth, gender occupational inequality appears to be one of the sources of a country's gender pay gap; the pay disparity between men and women tends to be greater in countries where gender occupational inequality is high. A model that summarizes the complex relations among development, globalization, and the various dimensions of gender-linked economic activity and inequality is proposed and discussed.
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Rebhun, Uzi. "Immigrant Integration and COVID-19." Border Crossing 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v11i1.1291.
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Covid-19 has thrust millions of people who have recently crossed international borders into unprecedented social and economic havoc. The patterns of immigration and settlement in a new country, on the one hand, and the nature of the virus, on the other hand, have placed immigrants at high risk of infection, possibly generating or accelerating anti-immigration sentiments among the local population. In this viewpoint, I discuss five complementary aspects of the migration-pandemic nexus: immigrants’ legal status, language proficiency, ethnic segregation, religiosity, and economic wellbeing. My concluding remarks carry several implications for policy.
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Valibeigi, Mojtaba, Sakineh Maroofi, and Sara Danay. "Forgotten Territories in the Iranian Home: Issues of Segregation." Changing Societies & Personalities 6, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2022.6.1.167.
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This article addresses issues associated with segregation and gender discrimination in the traditional culture of Iranian home. The concept of Iranian home with an emphasis on its territories and social characteristics, as well as segregation and gender aspects, was investigated. Using expert opinions, seven house samples were analyzed. Following a review of plans and maps, interviews, and visual observations, a content analysis of activities, social relations, and physical features was conducted. The results show that individual values have been forgotten, and the privacy is defined as a collective state for a family. Under the management of the father, home has a biological and economic nature. All household activities and social relationships are determined by gender. Among the things having distinct segregation attributes are permanent house elements, such as walls and entrances. Finally, it seems that the culture of Iranian home further emphasizes such concepts as confidentiality, purity, cooperation, and humility.
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Voevodina, Ekaterina V. "THE THIRD MISSION OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL SOCIETY: GENDER ASPECTS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 1 (2022): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2022-1-182-189.
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The article analyzes the gender aspects of sustainable development, notes the high relevance of inclusion and gender diversity in this process. It mentions that companies that have implemented these principles in their practice achieve better economic efficiency. Based on a review of modern research and statistical data (UNESCO, OECD, McKinsey, Crowe), on the one hand, a conclusion can be drawn that the gender gap in higher education in developed countries is gradually closing. On the other, there is a gender segregation of professions, especially in STEM sciences, the digital sector and IT. In Russia, the proportion of women in the field of higher education is quite high, but among the scientific personnel of the highest qualification (professors), it is only 35%. Under the third mission of universities, we mean the activities of universities, directly or indirectly aimed at solving social and economic issues, including those related to the implementation of sustainable development goals. To that end the author summarizes that it is necessary to promote programs that support inclusion and gender diversity in higher education through programs of the corporate social responsibility and support. Universities are “guides” of sustainable development at the local level.
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Bassolas, Aleix, Sandro Sousa, and Vincenzo Nicosia. "Diffusion segregation and the disproportionate incidence of COVID-19 in African American communities." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 174 (January 2021): 20200961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0961.
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One of the most concerning aspects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is that it disproportionately affects people from some specific ethnic and socio-economic minorities. In particular, since from the beginning of the pandemic it has been clear that people from Black and African American backgrounds seem to be hit especially hard by the virus, creating a substantial infection gap. The observed abnormal impact on these ethnic groups could probably be due to the co-occurrence of other known risk factors, including co-morbidity, poverty, level of education, access to healthcare, residential segregation and response to cures, although those factors do not seem able to explain fully and in depth the excess incidence of infections and deaths among African Americans. Here, we introduce the concept of diffusion segregation, that is the extent to which a given group of people is internally clustered or exposed to other groups, as a result of mobility and commuting habits. By analysing census and mobility data on major US cities, we found that the weekly excess COVID-19 incidence and mortality in African American communities at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly associated with their level of diffusion segregation. The results confirm that knowing where people commute to, rather than where they live, is potentially much more important to contain and curb the spreading of infectious diseases.
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Utkina, Galyna, and Tetiana Datsiuk. "GENDER ASPECTS OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS." Law Journal of Donbass 77, no. 4 (2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-77-4-39-50.
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The authors note the existence of significant changes in the legal field of Ukraine on gender equality, awareness of the majority of the society of the importance of this issue for achieving equal opportunities and realization of women in the field of career and socio-political life. It is proved that the state pays more and more attention to specific mechanisms of gender transformation and takes into account international agreements signed and ratified by Ukraine. It is becaming a part of the world gender technologies. The state recognizes the main directions of gender democracy, restrictions which are based on the grounds of sex and aimed at the weakening, recognition, usage or exercising by women on the basis of equality between men and women, human rights and fundamental freedoms in political, economic, cultural, social or any other field of activity. The article concetrates on the imbalance between the awareness and the real state of gender issues in the labour market, wages and participation in politics. It is concluded that the most perfect laws and decisions of the Government will not be effective without overcoming the existing low level of gender culture in the society, creation of a sufficient information and consultation network in all regions of the country on implementation of equal opportunities of policy for men and women, introduction of equal treatment and equal opportunities for women and men in public policy in the field of labor, social policy, economic policy in order to prevent occupational segregation, eliminate inequality in wages, stimulate the growth of women's entrepreneurship, as well as to assess women's work; cooperation and interaction of various public administration bodies in the implementation of the principle of equal treatment and equal opportunities for women and men; balanced representation of women and men in the lists of candidates in elections and decision-making, improving the actual situation through the implementation of effective and concrete decisions and strategies.
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Webb, Janette, and Sonia Liff. "Play the White Man: The Social Construction of Fairness and Competition in Equal Opportunity Policies." Sociological Review 36, no. 3 (August 1988): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1988.tb02928.x.
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This paper discusses the impact of equal opportunity projects on women's employment in two public sector organisations. It examines the limitations of the emerging liberal model and assesses the likely effectiveness of alternative approaches. An Affirmative Action Program in a North American university was examined five years after its initiation. Despite standardised procedures for access to jobs and systematic monitoring, there was very little change in the degree of occupational segregation between men and women. A women's committee project in a UK university examined the present situations of women staff, with the aim of producing a strategy for change which would benefit women currently employed. This resulted in the identification of training provision, flexible working arrangements and the restructuring of job requirements as the central aspects of an alternative approach to equal opportunity policy. It is argued that, particularly in a recessionary economic climate, policies requiring employers to rethink job requirements in ways that do not exclude competent women should provide a more effective challenge to occupational segregation than liberal policies which concentrate on assessing the ‘suitability’ of individual job applicants in terms of conventional criteria.
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ŁUCZAK, Robert. "Post-pandemic cities: urban ghettos or urban commons?" Prace i Studia Geograficzne 66, no. 4 (May 13, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2021-66.4-04.
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This article examines potential impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on key aspects of urban development: the functioning of individuals in physical sense (human bodies) in a city, urban morphology and landuse, urban mobility, as well as economic activities and service provision. The goal is to answer the question on how and to what extent the pandemic might reshape the cities and what the potential post-pandemic urban scenarios are. The analysed urban phenomena are projected against major dichotomy of urban ghettos vs. urban commons. The former is defined as further social segregation and spatial isolation, whereas the latter is based on multiple ideas inspired by the original definition of a city by Lewis Mumford. The article is concluded with two basic, symbolic, and opposite scenarios highlighting the fact that the pandemic might have opened a window of opportunity for cities to rethink their development pathways and reinvent their cultural, as well as socio-economic role.
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Özker, Serpil, and Umut Tuğlu Karsli. "New Housing Trends in Istanbul." Open House International 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2016-b0012.
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Externalization that became prominent in 1980s with the globalization brought along dramatic changes in social and spatial areas. The social, cultural and economic events that took place on an international level thanks to globalization made the impact of change felt which was reflected on the urban space and, therefore, on the house, resulting in an increase in the importance of the residential sector. Externalization and developed economic structure enabled more investments into houses which introduced a concept of housing populated in urban fringes starting from the city centers. The housing concept which was shaped by the impacts of the urban transformation after 1980 turned into a new emerging lifestyle in Istanbul in 2000s. Accordingly, the study aims to establish the position of housing in Istanbul and new meanings formed by the socio-cultural changes. In this sense, housing before and after 1980, globalization, gentrification, urban transformation, spatial segregation, socio-economic and cultural aspects were discussed based on the structural benchmarks, and 4 different housing forms, namely the “Loft”, “Residence”, “Terraced House”, and “Gated Communities”, with individual structural examples. This study, thus, aims to question the form of tenancy of these houses created through varying concepts and concerns today. The results obtained showed that the housing as an indicator of cultural life in Istanbul has turned into a lifestyle that is shaped by similar aspects and commercial concern, despite different approaches or production forms, eliminating the traces of the cultural life of the society.
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Sattler, Theresa, Roland Pomberger, Julia Schimek, and Daniel Vollprecht. "MINERAL WOOL WASTE IN AUSTRIA, ASSOCIATED HEALTH ASPECTS AND RECYCLING OPTIONS." Volume 09 - March 2020, no. 9 (February 10, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13904.
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Mineral wool products are man-made vitreous fibres that are used as thermal and acoustic insulation materials and as substrates for horticulture. Mineral wool waste is generated from demolition activities by the building and construction industry. Unfavourable mechanical properties, such as low compressibility, elastic behaviour, high volume and low bulk density, cause problems in landfills when mineral wool waste is disposed of. Mineral wool waste with a certain content of carcinogenic fibres is classified as hazardous waste type 31437 g “Asbestos Waste, Asbestos Dust” in Austria, since some characteristics of such fibres are similar to those of asbestos fibres. An exception is those mineral wool materials that have been tested to be noncarcinogenic due to their characteristics of biological solubility or geometrical dimension. Such noncarcinogenic mineral wool waste is classified as non-hazardous waste type 31416 “Mineral fibres”. Generally, it can be assumed that most of the industrial producers of mineral wool in the EU have not been producing carcinogenic material since 1998; however, carcinogenic mineral wool material has not yet been banned in Austria. Therefore, a segregation between so-called “old” and “new” mineral wool material is not necessarily possible. The medical aspects of mineral wool products are still controversial. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluated mineral wool (glass wool and rock wool) as “possibly carcinogenic” in 1988 but revised this evaluation to “inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity” in 2002. Fibrous dusts that reach the alveolar region of the lungs undergo a congruent or incongruent chemical dissolution process. Alveolar macrophages ingest the intruded fibres and fulfil anti-infection and clearance functions. Biosolubility is a key property of this process. The recycling of mineral wool waste has not yet been performed in Austria due to economic inefficiency, technical problems and suspected health issues. However, some recycling and processing options already exist; other options are investigated in the project RecyMin, which compares different concepts with respect to environmental and economic criteria.
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Ikonen, Kirsi, Anni Hirvonen, Risto Leinonen, Mikko H. P. Kesonen, Jesse Hietala, Pekka Hirvonen, and Mervi Asikainen. "Gender and the STEM Fields in Education- and Career-Related Discussions between Finnish Parents and their Adolescent Children." Journal of Research in STEM Education 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51355/jstem.2020.93.
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Occupational gender segregation in Finland is high and persistent in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Previous research has concluded that, rather than differences in aptitude, gendered educational and vocational choices originate from more complex system of attitudes, self-concepts, motivations and both direct and indirect social influences, all of which shape young people’s future goals. In the sphere of social influences on career choice, parents play a special role in adolescents’ education and career exploration. This study explores two interrelated areas: firstly, the ideas expressed by Finnish adolescent children’s parents about the role of gender in education and career choices, and secondly, parent-child discussions about such ideas, especially with regard to STEM career pathways. The research data (N=103) was collected by means of an online survey. Almost half of the parents reported having had discussions about STEM careers with their children. Problematically, many parents considered that they had too little information about these careers. Our results indicate that mothers are more aware of the societal and individual consequences of occupational gender segregation than fathers are. The results also suggest that parents should be provided with up-to-date information on STEM careers and on the consequences of occupational gender segregation in order to enhance parents’ readiness to support their children in their future exploration of education and careers. Greater collaboration between homes, career counseling, teachers and relevant organizations concerned with the economic world, working life and entrepreneurship would be beneficial in promoting awareness of these aspects during adolescents’ career development.
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Varea, Carlos, Elena Sánchez-García, Barry Bogin, Luis Ríos, Bustar Gómez-Salinas, Alejandro López-Canorea, and José Martínez-Carrión. "Disparities in Height and Urban Social Stratification in the First Half of the 20th Century in Madrid (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112048.
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Adult height is the most commonly used biological indicator to evaluate material and emotional conditions in which people grew up, allowing the analysis of secular trends associated with socio-economic change as well as of social inequalities among human populations. There is a lack of studies on both aspects regarding urban populations. Our study evaluates the secular trends and the disparities in height of conscripts born between 1915 and 1953 and called-up at the age of 21 between 1936 and 1969, living in districts with low versus middle and high socio-economic conditions, in the city of Madrid, Spain. We test the hypothesis that urban spatial segregation and social stratification was associated with significant differences in height. Results show that height increased significantly during the analysed period, both among conscripts living in the middle- and upper-class districts (5.85 cm) and in the lower-class districts (6.75 cm). The positive secular trend in height among conscripts from middle- and upper-class districts was sustained throughout the period, but the trend in height among the lower class fluctuated according to social, political, and economic events. Our findings support previous research that adult height is influenced strongly by the family living conditions during infancy and by community effects acting during childhood and adolescence.
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Gripsiou, Argyro, and Christophe Bergouignan. "The internal socio-economic polarization of urban neighborhoods, the case of Marseille." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 77 (January 26, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19432.
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The socio-economic inequalities of the different metropolitan neighborhoods have been carefully documented and analyzed in the social science literature. Starting from this premise, this article focuses on the less common neighborhoods in which two extremes coexist: very low-income households and high-income households. The objective is to identify the neighborhoods with a high internal socio-economic polarization, geolocate them in the urban space, characterize their population and housing stock, and measure their recent evolutionary trends. The empirical analysis focuses on the neighborhoods of Marseille (France), a city characterized by strong socio-spatial segregation between poor neighborhoods in the north and rich neighborhoods on the southern coast, and the presence of neighborhoods in which populations coexist with unequal resources. This empirical study is based on the fiscal and social data (Filosofi file) that allow knowing the income distribution and based on the census data to characterize the socio-demography and the type of housing of the population. In order to identify neighborhoods with intense internal socio-economic polarization and measure their evolution of income distribution, original poverty and wealth indexes have been developed, which synthesize the two extremes of this distribution. These neighborhoods with a high internal socio-economic polarization usually present certain distinctive aspects, such as their geographical location or a more or less rapid and intense gentrification process. However, some of them seem to escape this process, as evidenced by the contrasting trends in the recent evolution of income distribution and structural heterogeneity of the housing stock, in which small apartments and old buildings are very overrepresented.
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Narolina, J. V., T. V. Sabetova, N. V. Shabutskaya, and N. V. Gryshchenko. "The influence of innovative development on economic security of the region." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-457-463.
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Fixed assets are an integral component of the productive capacity of any enterprise. The financial results of the enterprise largely depend on their intensity and efficiency of use. The analysis of fixed assets is usually carried out using an integrated and systematic approach, based on their availability, their movement, efficiency of use (including their active part). In the opinion of some authors, the traditional methods of analyzing fixed assets have a number of shortcomings, since they do not take into account the life cycle of an enterprise, the ecological aspects of the operation of fixed assets, the operation specifics of the individual divisions of a company and its branches. In order to improve the methodology for analyzing fixed assets, the authors proposed to use formalized and non-formalized criteria for analyzing the risks associated with the fixed asset use. A survey questionnaire was designed to determine the likelihood of the risk of economic losses associated with the use of fixed assets. The authors propose using the integral indicator for the purpose of analyzing the risk of using fixed assets in dynamics. In order to improve the procedure for auditing, the authors proposed segregation of economic transactions with fixed assets according to their cycles in accordance with the stage of their reproduction. Operational analysis is important for managing the efficiency of the fixed asset use, especially during a critical period. Using the analysis of the regularity in grain combines performance would reduce losses during harvesting, implement the work within strictly defined time frame and remunerate the employees for high-quality and intensive performance of their tasks.
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Krieger, Nancy. "Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination." International Journal of Health Services 29, no. 2 (April 1999): 295–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m11w-vwxe-kqm9-g97q.
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Investigating effects of discrimination upon health requires clear concepts, methods, and measures. At issue are both economic consequences of discrimination and accumulated insults arising from everyday and at times violent experiences of being treated as a second-class citizen, at each and every economic level. Guidelines for epidemiologic investigations and other public health research on ways people embody racism, sexism, and other forms of social inequality, however, are not well defined, as research in this area is in its infancy. Employing an ecosocial framework, this article accordingly reviews definitions and patterns of discrimination within the United States; evaluates analytic strategies and instruments researchers have developed to study health effects of different kinds of discrimination; and delineates diverse pathways by which discrimination can harm health, both outright and by distorting production of epidemiologic knowledge about determinants of population health. Three methods of studying health consequences of discrimination are examined (indirect; direct, at the individual level, in relation to personal experiences of discrimination; at the population level, such as via segregation), and recommendations are provided for developing research instruments to measure acute and cumulative exposure to different aspects of discrimination.
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Woody, Ashley. "“They Want the Spanish but They Don’t Want the Mexicans”: Whiteness and Consumptive Contact in an Oregon Spanish Immersion School." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649218803966.
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Drawing from in-depth interviews with 18 white, black, Latinx, and multiracial parents whose children attend a Spanish immersion elementary school, the author examines the politics of race, class, and resistance in a historically white community that is experiencing an influx of nonwhites. Parental narratives reveal that many whites enrolled their children in Spanish immersion to capture cultural and economic benefits they associate with bilingualism and diversity. Interviews also suggest that white support for diversity is contingent on the condition that nonwhites provide carefully controlled diversity: one that benefits whites without threatening race and class hierarchies. The maintenance of white spatial and social segregation allowed whites to engage with families of color at the school primarily through consumptive contact, a form of interracial contact predicated upon whites’ perceptions about the material benefits their children will acquire through exposure to diversity and bilingualism. Consumptive contact allows whites to selectively consume aspects of Latin American cultures without facilitating the social and institutional inclusion of the groups associated with those cultures. Findings illuminate distinct economic motivations behind whites’ engagement communities of color, adding a material dimension to our understanding of whites’ racialized consumptive practices.
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Noviani, Rita, Lutfi Muta'ali, and Nasruddin Nasruddin. "FACING SOLO RAYA METROPOLITAN CITY: ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING." GeoEco 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v4i2.22508.
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<p>Since 2010 Solo Raya has became part of the metropolis candidates that will continue to grow along with the agglomeration of Jogjakarta and Semarang. The problems that trail is the tendency of metropolitan magnitude that resulted in less functioning of the city as a catalyst for regional development. Further impact is the lagging of small and medium-sized cities (Tjahjati, 1995). The development of urban system is determined by both the comparative advantage and the competitive advantages, such as location, natural resources and human resources (Metropolitan Directorate, 2003), so that in planning the development it should focus on the ability to cooperate or synergize between regions (spatial synergism) either in urban and rural area or on a wider scale, cooperation between cities.</p><p>The purpose of this research was to arrange aspects and decision criteria in developing metropolitan area of Solo Raya. The method used is literature study approach which is then analyzed descriptively.</p><p>The result of analysis showed that in metropolitan area of the world there are 4 (four) main characteristics and problems, they are: (1) city as center of population, economy and government activity, (2) city with environmental problems (air, land and water), as a result of population density, public transportation, and garbage, (3) city with problems in the land aspect (land prices and housing provision) and (4) city with problems on social aspects (criminals and terrorists). The formulation of metropolitan area development planning is done with 3 (three) considerations, they are: (1) avoiding high social segregation between and among regions, (2) creating a balance population mobility and intra and inter-regional services (spirit of togetherness), (3) creating a regional economy (growth, equity and welfare) based on the local potential which has inter-regional connectivity (harmonization). Aspects and criteria are: regional management (spatial planning policy, regional competitiveness, regional marketing, inter-regional cooperation), urbanization (migration, urbanization, agglomeration and conurbation, social integration), economic development (economic growth, employment, economic equalization, urban poverty), regional connectivity (transportation, rural-urban linkage, territorial function), and environment (environmental supporting capacity, disaster risk, environmental degradation, disaster mitigation). The decision priorities include: Industrial City, Service City, City of Tourism and Culture, Trade City, and Agriculture.</p><p> </p>
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Thorat, Sukhadeo, and S. Madheswaran. "Graded Caste Inequality and Poverty: Evidence on Role of Economic Discrimination." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4, no. 1 (June 2018): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481118775873.
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Graded caste inequality is the most stubborn feature of the ancient caste system which continues with some of its worst features even today. In view of this context, this paper looks at the persistence of graded caste inequality and the role of economic discrimination, drawing mainly from the recent empirical and theoretical research. It examines the following three interrelated aspects of the graded caste inequality (a) Nature of (graded) inequality in income and poverty, and other indicators of human development like malnutrition and education, particularly among three castes: former untouchables (SCs), OBC and higher castes (HCs); (b) Empirical evidence from recent studies on market and non-market discrimination faced by the SC; and (c) Impact of discrimination on income and poverty of SCs, OBCs and HCs in a graded manner. We find that much of the inequality in per capita consumption expenditure is due to inequality in asset ownership (agricultural land and enterprise) and higher education. Most of the explained difference is due to higher education/regular salaried jobs and asset ownership in the form of land and enterprises. In the urban salaried labour market, the contribution of discrimination to wage differential between SCs and HCs is 28.5 per cent in the regular labour market, 19.4 and 31.7 per cent for public and private sectors, respectively. We also find that in the regular labour market, the extent of caste-based wage gap as well as discrimination varies significantly across the quintiles of the wage distribution. The wage gap between SCs and HCs that is attributable to discrimination is higher in top quintiles than at bottom quintiles of wage distribution. We also find that discrimination against SCs and OBCs partially operates through occupational segregation.
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Sakai, Shinichi, Raju Poudel, Misuzu Asari, and Takuya Kirikawa. "Disaster waste management after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: A mini-review of earthquake waste management and the Kumamoto experience." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18815948.
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Millions of tons of debris can be generated by natural disasters, impacting the surrounding environment and posing health risks to the public. Proper handling and treatment of such waste is essential to overcome potential hazards as well as to reduce the burden on natural resources during the reconstruction phase. Disaster waste management can have social, economic, and environmental benefits if planned effectively. This mini-review focuses on the destruction caused and debris generated by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake in Japan. In addition, it elaborates upon the treatment of debris in Kumamoto at temporary and secondary storage sites by segregation and the adoption of a full-scale recycling system. It also shows that cooperative networks involving numerous organizations are important in managing a large amount of disaster waste. Finally, it presents comparative discussions of different aspects of disaster waste management in the Kumamoto Earthquake event and other disasters. The experience gained from the Kumamoto Earthquake is important for future disaster waste management planning.
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Gizatullina, Anna. "Gender Aspects Referring to Social Policy in Labour Relations in a Modern Society (Case Study of Mothers)." Logos et Praxis, no. 1 (December 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.1.12.
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The article focuses on two approaches to gender aspects of social policy in labour relations in a modern society (a case study of mothers). One of them deals with introducing gender into existing theories of social policy. The other is based on the assumption that fundamental theories are incomplete in their fundamental prerequisites and therefore new models of social policy regarding labour relations of mothers should be worded. The approaches are founded on the relationship implying "state – market – family" link. The article gives a brief description of the current social policy in Russia in regards to labour relations of mothers. It discloses general issues in management of labour relations of mothers including women's unemployment, occupational segregation, above regarding management of labour activity of mothers are integral parts of the general social problem of labour relations in modern conditions. Additionally, we highlight the relationship between mothers' working life and family obligations. The article analyzes the economic activity dynamics and women's employment rate in the period 2008–2017. The data gathered is based on age, gender, marital status, level of women's occupation in their main post. Finally, we identify some measures to be taken to improve the existing social policy in labour relations of mothers. These measures consist in the establishment of legally fixed "free time", the construction of a socially fair system of material benefits and privileges, the construction of a developed infrastructure in the form of various services.
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Kuznetsov, Nikolay Vladimirovich. "A General Digitalization and Social Risks." Общество политика экономика право, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2020.10.6.
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The paper examines the key social risks associated with active processes of digitalization of social and economic life. It is shown that the rapid spread of digital technologies entails irreversible changes that every member of society inevitably faces. The key systemic risks of digitalization are highlighted and considered: the likelihood of imbalances in the labor market leading to an increase in unemployment; the tendency to dehumanize social life and communica-tions, ousting “man” from it; the need to transform familiar social institutions, which can cause social and political upheaval; the trend towards digital segregation of the population, generating public discontent and division in society. It is shown that the scale and speed of digitalization processes make it impossible for society to independently solve these problems. The conclusion is made about the need for active participation of the state in the pro-cesses of digitalization and, in particular, the for-mation and delivery of the “image of the digital fu-ture” to the population, as a model of the country's digitalization, which also includes aspects of social development.
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Dolata, Roman. "Nierówności edukacyjne i szkolne segregacje czyli szkoła publiczna wobec wyzwań spójności społecznej w lokalnym systemie edukacji." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny, no. 66/1 (August 31, 2021): 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6007.kp.2021-1.2.
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Challenges that schools face in relation to social cohesion include the need to minimise the impact of students’ social background on their educational career and ensuring that the public school is a place of contact between children from different social groups and class. Research supporting local policy in this area should therefore monitor the social status-based determinants of students’ educational careers and other processes of intentional as well as spontaneous between school and between classroom segregation. The following facts were found in the local educational system analysed. The measures of SES dimensions of students’ family are significantly related to their school achievement. In Ostrołęka, this connection was found to be considerably stronger than the national average. However, which is certainly an optimistic result, the financial resources of the students’ families, with other SES dimensions controlled, did not affect school achievement. Parents’ educational aspirations for their children, on the other hand, are related to all aspects of socio-economic status. In this case, also the financial capacity of the students’ families is significantly related to the level of these aspirations. Including students’ school grades along with the SES dimensions in the analysis of the determinants of educational aspirations shows that they determine aspirations to the same degree as family status does. Sadly, there is no evidence that pre-school education helps low SES students catch up with their peers with high SES families. This means that the key to effectively support the development of children from educationally at-risk backgrounds is in the quality of preschool education and not just its universality. Schools in Ostrołęka differ in their social composition in terms of the parents’ education status and the financial capacity of their families, but the scale of these differences is not considerable. On the other hand, between classroom within school differentiation due to parents’ social status is in some schools much stronger than inter-school differences, which poses a serious problem.
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Chi, Le Quynh, and Nguyen Thanh Tu. "Street in Hanoi ancient quarter as cultural place: A case study of Hang Buom street." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-10.
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A differentiation in history and culture in Southeast Asian cities has crafted a unique scene of traditional commercial streets which is distinguished from Western norm. Whereas the later is mostly recognized based on physical form and behavior of users only, the former is not limited itself in those focuses, but also people (users) and their activities - which are supposed to create the spirit and the soul of the places have been included. The distinctive features of Southeast Asian streets in the historic commercial district are also differentiated from Western ones by the pluralism and integration of those components than mono and segregation manifestations. In Vietnam, the adoption of Western regulations without sufficient consideration on local context resulted in ineffective spaces and the lost of this historical district's spirit. The paper's objective is to clarify the physical and functional aspects of Hanoi Ancient Quarter which play key role in forming the distinct soul of historical district. It is assumed that those attributes are to make urban space to urban place, toward cultural sustainability. The theory of "place" and "cultural capital" will guide through the whole paper. The methodology is the combination of theoretical and empirical implementation by region history, local politics and economic-social development reviews and onsite investigation in a representative street, Hang Buom Street (Sail Street) in Hanoi Ancient Quarter. The site investigation and social survey have been conducted from 2010 to 2015, covering the physical aspect, functional aspect, and social aspect. The findings of this paper would aim to contribute to philosophy of urban conservation in Southeast Asian as well as being suggestion for urban management and development in such local unique contexts.
Article history: Received 19 March 2018, Revised 17 April 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018
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Istiyani, Ambar, and Prasetyo Suryahadi Mahendra Lisaputra. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN UNIT USAHA PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA BUMDESA "SIDO MAKMUR", DESA - KECAMATAN GETASAN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v5i2.4085.
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Based on Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning the Village, villages can form a business entity to improve the welfare of their people. The Village Owned Enterprise (BUM Desa) Sido Makmur in Getasan Village, Semarang Regency, has some business units, including the Waste Management Business Unit. This unit has two stages of activities: Phase I is Waste Collection, and Phase II is Waste Segregation which includes converting the waste into goods with economic value. The Phase I program has been running since 2020 in one of the hamlets, and Phase II will soon be implemented. However, the BUM Desa Sido Makmur has never conducted a feasibility study on this business unit. A feasibility study can help BUM Desa understand whether a business can be continued or not and provide input for future business development. This article analysis the feasibility of the Waste Management Business Unit at BUM Desa Sido Makmur in terms of Legal, Market and Marketing, Human Resource Management, Technical and Technology, Environment, and Financial Aspects. Primary and secondary data in qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using business feasibility analysis. The study results show that the Waste Management Business Unit in BUM Desa Sido Makmur is feasible. However, for this business unit to develop further, Phase II of waste management, namely converting waste into goods with economic value, must be done immediately by training village communities. In addition, it is necessary to expand business units' operations, not only in one hamlet but also in other hamlets.
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Donoso Gonzalez, Macarena, Laura Arguedas Mejía, María Martha Durán Rodríguez, and Virginia Ramírez Cascante. "look at educational and gender equality in the public policies of Costa Rica and Spain." Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje 14, Especial (October 25, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55777/rea.v14iespecial.3814.
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Education as a fundamental human right and the foundation of a more just and egalitarian society has traditionally been the object of attention of public policies of various kinds.
The promotion of equal opportunities between men and women in different social spheres has been a principle, intended by all nations, materialized in inclusive education and social justice as guarantors for a society built upon the foundations of equity and equality.
Accordingly, an approach to public policies in Costa Rica and Spain has been made to analyze their treatment of equal educational and gender opportunities.
Both countries have developed educational and social policies to guarantee education for all, prevent segregation and social exclusion, and strengthen the role of women in all areas.
Despite this historical trajectory in pursuit of a just, democratic, and egalitarian society, the new world scenario brought about by COVID-19 forces us to rethink crucial educational and social aspects to overcome the current crisis we are facing.
The educational and social challenges are today of significant importance for society. The world needs political, economic, labor, and social approaches to address this present situation, and education is the fundamental weapon capable of offering productive answers in the current scenario.
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Fareen, Fareeha, and Samina Yasmin. "PSYCHOLOGICAL COLLISION AGAINST THE CONSTRUCTED DISCURSIVE PRACTICES: GENDER TRANSFORMATION IN THE NORMAL PEOPLE." Inception - Journal of Languages and Literature 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/ijll.v1i2.32.
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The article linchpin is the psychological collision of the principal character against the discursive practices of society and aspects of the transformation of her identity in Normal People (2018) as recounted by Judith Butler’s in her concept of gender performativity. It highlights how discursive practices affect the psyche of people and the fact that gender identity is not permanent or constant, but rather fluid. It also reveals how inequality is enforced upon the lives of different characters and how badly they are being victimized by oppression and violence, as a result, they have developed/created their own different gender identity in society. Rooney attempts to show the effects of the discursive and constructed practices on the female characters, particularly, Marianne. Gender-based segregation has been observed in this novel as a result of these discursive practices. The paper shows that there are incidents in Normal People that depict how patriarchal society's constructed practices and regulatory standards on the female body create gender performances. Rooney exponentiates the issue of a woman's place in a patriarchal society through her female protagonists, and the novel examines gender performativity as well as the influence patriarchal culture has on female characters. This research aims to not only establish how gender performativity influences a character's identity but also to show how gender identity is unstable and a matter of construction. However, according to Judith Butler, ideology is imposed on us by social convention or culture. It appears that changes in gender identity can be influenced by many aspects as the social, and economic environment that causes it to occur a change.
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Castellano, Rosalia, and Antonella Rocca. "Gender gap and labour market participation." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2012-0107.
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Purpose – The measurement and comparison across countries of female conditions in labour market and gender gap in employment is a very complex task, given both its multidimensional nature and the different scenarios in terms of economic, social and cultural characteristics. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – At this aim, different information about presence and engagement of women in labour market, gender pay gap, segregation, discrimination and human capital characteristics was combined and a ranking of 26 European countries is proposed through the composite indicator methodology. It satisfies the need to benchmark national gender gaps, grouping together economic, political and educational dimensions. Findings – The results show that female conditions in labour market are the best in Scandinavian countries and Ireland while many Eastern and Southern European countries result at the bottom of classification. Research limitations/implications – In order to take into account the subjectivity of some choices in composite indicator construction and to test robustness of results, different aggregation techniques were applied. Practical implications – The authors hope that this new index will stimulate the release of a sort of best practices useful to close labour market gaps, starting from best countries’ scenarios, and the launching of pilot gender parity task forces, as it happened with the Global Gender Gap Index in some countries. Finally, relating gender gap indexes with country policies frameworks for gender inequalities and the connected policy outcomes, it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness and to identify the most adequate initiatives to undertake because policies reducing gender gaps can significantly improve economic growth and standard of living. Social implications – The analysis gives a contribution in the evaluation of the policies and regulations effectiveness at national level considering the existing welfare regimes and the associated gaps in labour market. It can help policy makers to understand the ramifications of gaps between women and men. The Gender Gap Labour Market Index is constrained by the need for international comparability, but limiting its analysis to European countries; it has been based on ad hoc indicators concerning developed economies and could be readily adapted for use at the national and local levels. Originality/value – In this paper the authors propose a new composite indicator index specifically focused on gender gap in labour market. Several papers analysed gender differences in wages, employment or segregation, but few of them consider them together, allowing to get a satisfactory informative picture on gender inequalities in labour market and studying in deep its multiple aspects, including discrimination indicators ad hoc calculated, giving to policy makers an useful tool to evaluate female employees conditions and put them in relation with the different input factors existing within each country.
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Purchase, Callun Keith, Dhafer Manna Al Zulayq, Bio Talakatoa O’Brien, Matthew Joseph Kowalewski, Aydin Berenjian, Amir Hossein Tarighaleslami, and Mostafa Seifan. "Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Review on Lessons, Challenges, and Benefits." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010076.
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Conventionally, in a linear economy, C&D (Construction and Demolition) waste was considered as zero value materials, and, as a result of that, most C&D waste materials ended up in landfills. In recent years, with the increase in the awareness around sustainability and resource management, various countries have started to explore new models to minimize the use of limited resources which are currently overused, mismanaged, or quickly depleting. In this regard, the implementation of CE (Circular Economy) has emerged as a potential model to minimize the negative impact of C&D wastes on the environment. However, there are some challenges hindering a full transition to CE in the construction and demolition sectors. Therefore, this review paper aims to critically scrutinize different aspects of C&D waste and how CE can be integrated into construction projects. Reviewing of the literature revealed that the barriers in the implementation of CE in C&D waste sectors fall in five main domains, namely legal, technical, social, behavioral, and economic aspects. In this context, it was found that policy and governance, permits and specifications, technological limitation, quality and performance, knowledge and information, and, finally, the costs associated with the implementation of CE model at the early stage are the main barriers. In addition to these, from the contractors’ perspective, C&D waste dismantling, segregation, and on-site sorting, transportation, and local recovery processes are the main challenges at the start point for small-scale companies. To address the abovementioned challenges, and also to minimize the ambiguity of resulting outcomes by implementing CE in C&D waste sectors, there is an urgent need to introduce a global framework and a practicable pathway to allow companies to implement such models, regardless of their scale and location. Additionally, in this paper, recommendations on the direction for areas of future studies for a reduction in the environmental impacts have been provided. To structure an effective model approach, the future direction should be more focused on dismantling practices, hazardous material handling, quality control on waste acceptance, and material recovery processes, as well as a incentivization mechanism to promote ecological, economic, and social benefits of the CE for C&D sectors.
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Molina, Irene. "Intersektionella rumsligheter." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 28, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v28i3.3865.
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There is an increased interest for spatial aspects in social sciences in general today. But the interest also raises questions of how space is conceptualised; whether power relations are included, or if space is understood as neutral and as a container. Historically, geography’s disciplinary base is colonial and patriarchial. Additionally, in Sweden economic geography’s specific interest in the ‘homo economicus’ has dominated. In contemporary critical spatial theory, space is understood as constructed, produced, fluid and relational. Space is constructed through, and by, different power relations. In this article the concept of intersectionality is used to see how race, gender and class coincide with time and space. Through these different perspectives issues of exclusion and discrimination are revealed. The focus is on the home, homelessness, the nation and the under-privileged suburbs in relation to how space and place are racialised, sexualised and classified. Firstly, it is illustrated how the home is sexualised, but also racialised, through the strong identification with having a place to belong to. This repetitive consolidation with a place also reflects the nationalisation of home, and the similar exclusion from home; the home is private and strangers should be kept out. The racialised female body is intrinsically problematic as she has a stronger connection to the private, at the same time as she is a stranger. In the growing segregation in the metropolitan suburbs these intersections of class, gender, race, time and space is at its most visible, and a revisited colonial approach to these areas can be seen today. The author calls for an increased awareness of the intersectional aspects of space in gender theory formation today since space is a fundamental category in relation to gender, class and race.
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Boğa, Semra, and Murat Topcu. "Creative Economy: A Literature Review on Relational Dimensions, Challanges, and Policy Implications." ECONOMICS 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2020-0014.
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Abstract In the development of the global economic system, the cumulative knowledge from past to present is of great importance. This knowledge produced by social life offers creative individuals and groups an opportunity to produce new meanings, values, contents and a source of inspiration. The influence of creative sectors in the urban life and socio-economic climate built by the industrial society created by the industrial revolution has started to increase in recent years. In the current industrial economic organization style, together with entrepreneurship, the creativity based on knowledge and technology have been added nowadays, to the land, labor and capital required for production. However, worldwide studies focus on the beneficial aspects of creative economies. There are not many studies in the literature on the past and future problems and development of the creative sector from a long-term historical perspective. In this context, it is necessary to reveal the relational ties of creative sectors with other fields; how they are positioned in national economies and how they will be analyzed. In this framework, the study aims to determine the position of the creative economy in the general economy by using the studies in the literature, to reveal the relational ties of the creative sectors with other actors, to identify the challenges in the sector, and to reveal the policy implications in creative industries. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the creative sectors are nested cellularly in all sectors of the general economy, from tourism to the automotive sector, from urban life to social networks, due to the internet, information communication technologies and digital applications. Since the outputs of the creative economy are based on the intellectual property rather than physical products, it has been determined that problems arise in the financing, accounting of services and contents introduced in this field, and measurement of the products at international standards. In addition, it has been observed that the time perception in creative sectors and the time perception of the industrial economic system differ from each other. Another important finding obtained as a result of the research is that creative economies create class differences in urban spaces and cause social segregation.
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Wilson, Steven H. "Tracking the Shifting Racial Identity of Mexican Americans." Law and History Review 21, no. 1 (2003): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595074.
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Ariela J. Gross is generous in praising research accomplished and helpful in suggesting routes for future investigation. In response to such a model of constructive criticism, I can only plead no contest to the main charge that, while examining changes in legal strategy and judicial rhetoric in school segregation litigation, I neglected to explore important aspects of Mexican Americans' own understanding and actual experiences of “other whiteness.” As a result, the “ordinary” people in my tale seem to lack agency even in their own cases. This is an unfortunate but frequent limitation of historical studies of litigation, not least because—despite the presence in the courtroom of a plaintiff or defendant—trial records most clearly reveal the professional concerns of lawyers and judges. Even transcribed testimony (which is not always available) may tell us more about the lawyer's strategy and the judge's mood than a witness's reality. Gross rightly asks the question directly that I (admittedly) avoided entirely: “did the legal regime of whiteness have any larger cultural significance?” Put another way, I understand this question to be: did the fine legal distinctions hammered out by Mexican American attorneys and Anglo American judges matter at all to the ordinary people—parents, workers, and defendants—whether Mexican or Anglo? I think that the answer is yes, gradations of whiteness mattered even to the lay public. Yet, it seems clear as well that whiteness was experienced differently by members of various economic and social classes of Mexican Texans.
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Anand, Uttpal, Bhaskar Reddy, Vipin Kumar Singh, Amit Kishore Singh, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Pooja Tripathi, Pradeep Kumar, Vijay Tripathi, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Potential Environmental and Human Health Risks Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Emerging Contaminants (ECs) from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040374.
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The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) directly at landfills or open dump areas, without segregation and treatment, is a significant concern due to its hazardous contents of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and metal resistance genes (MGEs). The released leachate from landfills greatly effects the soil physicochemical, biological, and groundwater properties associated with agricultural activity and human health. The abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs have been reported worldwide, including MSW landfill sites, animal husbandry, wastewater, groundwater, soil, and aerosol. This review elucidates the occurrence and abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MRGs, which are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Recently, ECs have received global attention because of their prevalence in leachate as a substantial threat to environmental and public health, including an economic burden for developing nations. The present review exclusively discusses the demands to develop a novel eco-friendly management strategy to combat these global issues. This review also gives an intrinsic discussion about the insights of different aspects of environmental and public health concerns caused due to massive leachate generation, the abundance of antibiotics resistance (AR), and the effects of released leachate on the various environmental reservoirs and human health. Furthermore, the current review throws light on the source and fate of different ECs of landfill leachate and their possible impact on the nearby environments (groundwater, surface water, and soil) affecting human health. The present review strongly suggests the demand for future research focuses on the advancement of the removal efficiency of contaminants with the improvement of relevant landfill management to reduce the potential effects of disposable waste. We propose the necessity of the identification and monitoring of potential environmental and human health risks associated with landfill leachate contaminants.
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Feitosa, Márcia Manir Miguel, and Cristiane Navarrete Tolomei. "A subversão religiosa pela ironia em Teolinda Gersão: onde reina o fosso da desigualdade social / Religious Subversion through Irony in Teolinda Gersão: Where the Social Inequity Pit Reigns." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 41, no. 66 (February 11, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.41.66.35-52.
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Resumo: Teolinda Gersão é dona de uma obra que evidencia a complexa relação entre os sujeitos com a família, sociedade, religião, trabalho, espaço etc. Este texto se propõe a analisar dois contos do livro Prantos, amores e outros desvarios (2016): “O meu semelhante” e “Décimo mandamento”, verificando como Gersão retrata a desigualdade social em Portugal, sobretudo, em Lisboa, a partir do sistema capitalista e do processo de globalização, e a consequente segregação socioespacial que divide o centro da burguesia da periferia da classe trabalhadora. Ademais, observa-se como a escritora, num tom irônico, problematiza o papel da religião nesse contexto econômico e social, marcado pela hierarquização de classe, no Portugal contemporâneo. Para a realização deste estudo de classificação básica, seguiu-se as seguintes etapas: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão da literatura; (ii) quanto à abordagem, a pesquisa é qualitativa, priorizando aspectos subjetivos de fenômenos sociais e do comportamento humano no corpus. A análise dos contos coloca em tela os privilégios da elite, detentora do poder, em contraposição à miséria do trabalhador, apontando para uma desigualdade social estrutural e não ontológica nas narrativas em questão. Portanto, Teolinda destaca como a desigualdade social está atrelada aos interesses do capital, impulsionado pelo contexto neoliberal.Palavras-chave: Teolinda Gersão; desigualdade social; ironia; religiosidade.Abstract: Teolinda Gersão authored works that evidence the complex relationship between the subjects and family, society, religion, work, space, etc. We analyze the following two short stories in the book Prantos, amores e outros desvarios (2016): “O meu semblante” and “Décimo mandamento” to evaluate how Gersão depicts the social inequities from the capitalist system and the globalization process, and its consequential socio-spatial segregation that divides the bourgeoise downtown from the peripherical working class in Portugal, especially Lisbon. Furthermore, we observe how the writer ironically discusses the role of religion in this social and economic context marked by class hierarchy in the contemporaneous Portugal. To perform this basic classification study, we used the following steps: (i) Literature review; (ii) qualitative research prioritizing subjective aspects of social phenomena and human behaviour at the corpus. Short story analysis puts the privileges of the power owning elites in contraposition with the worker’s misery, pointing to the structural and non-ontological social inequity in the narratives studied. Therefore, Teolinda highlights how social inequity is connected to the capital interests, pushed by the neoliberal context.Keywords: Teolinda Gersão; social inequity; irony; religiosity.
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Gnatik, E. N. "‘New normality’ of the covid-19 era: Opportunities, limitations, risks." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 769–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-4-769-782.
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The article considers some key aspects of the current transformation of social reality. The author argues that the announcement of the pandemic determined an unprecedented situation: humanity faces a completely different concept of reality. In particular, the breakthrough in the development of NBIC technologies (nano, bio, new information and cognitive technologies) contributes to the strengthening of the paradigm that absolutizes the technocratic component of civilizational development. Under the general depression and decline in economic activity, there is an explosive growth in the field of bioengineering, information and cognitive research. The new normality of the coronavirus era, associated with the unprecedented development of artificial intelligence systems, video surveillance technologies, geolocation and big data, in an unusually short time has created new existential and legal problems. The proclaimed threat to public health, being a significant goal-setting, has become a dominant justification for the introduction of serious innovations that allow the ruling elites to block civil rights, in particular, to legalize the use of tracking systems. Under the fight against the pandemic, the personal identification systems based on advanced technologies are being transformed from a security tool of law enforcement agencies into a tool of mass social engineering. Russia has come close to a new stage of digital transformation - a state-wide credential management system (the Unified Federal Information Register). Considering the experience of China in digital segregation, concerns arise: will digitalization turn into something dangerous as the algorithms of artificial intelligence improve, the use of biometric surveillance broaden, etc.? The article emphasizes that scanning the appearance and collecting information about citizens allows to create a gigantic array of data, the use of which can have unpredictable consequences, and the problem of their unauthorized use is not the main one. The power of algorithms, which allows to manipulate a person by means of continuously collected information about him, can turn into a new, sophisticated form of genocide.
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Cazacu, Nicolae, Aurelia Bradu, and Nicolae Florea. "Self Compacting Concrete Structures: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.624.
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The concept of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was performed in late 1980 by Japanese researchers as a solution for the lack of skilled workers and decreasing quality in building industry. The high fluidity of SCC allows flowing under its own weight, filling completely the formwork without any vibration or material segregation, providing a higher quality of the concrete surface. Since its discovery, a large number of researcher studied its rheological properties, adjusted mix design methods and analysed mechanical characteristics. The placement method for conventionally concrete is no more valid for SCC, as mixture behaviour changed substantially. This aspect was less examined and the published material is inconsistent, even though it plays an essential role in the assessment of the global cost of a building. The aim of this study is to investigate materials cost, the labour requirements, formwork demands, methods of placement and construction time for building a structure using SCC and vibrated concrete and compare the results.
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LIMA, Leandro Oliveira. "A METROPOLIZAÇÃO GOIANA: ASPECTOS POLÍTICOS INSTITUCIONAIS, REBATIMENTOS SOCIOESPACIAIS E ECONÔMICOS (The Goiás metropolization: institutional aspects of political, sociospatial and economic repercussions)." ACTA GEOGRÁFICA 7, no. 15 (February 16, 2014): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/2177-4307.acta.v7i15.924.
Full textAbstract:
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de metropolização goiana tendo em vista os fatores determinantes das políticas nacionais, estaduais e municipais decisivos no ordenamento territorial da metrópole. Analisado a partir da escala intraurbana o trabalho busca uma interpretação geográfica sobre o espaço urbano levando em conta a contiguidade territorial da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG). As contradições do espaço metropolitano são explicadas em parte pela ação dos atores modeladores do espaço urbano, principalmente o Estado e por outra através dos atores imobiliários, que reproduzem a dinâmica do capital segregando e ao mesmo tempo reestruturando os espaços da metrópole. A metodologia está amparada pela revisão bibliográfica e análise documental dos parâmetros jurídicos nacionais, estaduais e municipais, da literatura relacionada à temática urbana e de dados levantados pelos órgãos como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), a Secretaria de Planejamento do Estado de Goiás, além de estudos de caso que nos permitiram construir uma narrativa que visasse contemplar a dinâmica territorial da metrópole.
Palavras-chave: metropolização; periferização; Região Metropolitana de Goiânia.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to analyze the process of Goiás metropolisation in view of the determinant factors of national, state and local politics decisive in the territorial ordering of the metropolis. Analyzed from the intra-urban scale this job search a geographical interpretation of urban space considering the territorial contiguity of the Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG). The contradictions of metropolitan space are explained in part by the action of the actors who models the urban space, especially the state, and by estate agents who reproduces the dynamics of capital, at the same time segregating and restructuring the spaces of the Metropolitan Area of Goiânia. The methodology is supported by the literature review and document analysis of national, regional and local legal standards, as well as the literature related to urban themes and the data collected by agencies such as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Secretaria de Planejamento do Estado de Goiás, also case studies that allowed to construct a narrative that aims the territorial dynamics of the metropolis.
Keywords: metropolization; periphery; the Metropolitan Area of Goiânia.
RESUMEN
En este artículo se pretende analizar el proceso de la metrópolis de Goiás, en vista de los determinantes de la nacional, estatal y local decisivo en ordenamiento territorial de la metrópoli. Analizados desde la escala intraurbana la búsqueda de empleo en una interpretación geográfica del espacio urbano, teniendo en cuenta la contigüidad territorial la zona metropolitana de Goiânia. Las contradicciones del espacio metropolitano se explica en parte por la acción del modelado de los actores del espacio urbano, especialmente para los actores estatales y de otro tipo a través de la finca, que reproducen la dinámica del capital y segregar al mismo tiempo la reestructuración de los espacios de la metrópoli. La metodología se apoya en la revisión de la literatura y el análisis de la documentacion, de la literatura, de las normas jurídicas nacionales, estatales y locales relacionadas con temas urbanos y los datos recogidos por organismos como el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE), el Secretario de Estado de Planificación Goiás, y estudios de casos que nos han permitido construir un relato que tiene como objetivo contemplar las dinámicas territoriales de la metrópoli.
Palabras clave: metrópolis; periferia; el zona metropolitana de Goiânia.
DOI: 10.5654/actageo2013.0715.0007
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Berdiev, Aziz N., Rajeev K. Goel, and James W. Saunoris. "Dimensions of Ethnic Diversity and Underground Economic Activity: Cross-country Evidence." Public Finance Review 48, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 178–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142120901501.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural and ethnic factors crucially affect economic agents’ propensities toward law-abiding behavior and operating in the underground economy is an important, widely prevalent, aspect. However, there are many dimensions of ethnic diversity, and the relative influences of each on underground behavior are not well articulated. This article uniquely considers the effects of five dimensions of ethnic/cultural diversity, including ethnic income inequality, ethnic–linguistic fragmentation, cultural fragmentation, ethnolinguistic polarization, and ethnic–linguistic segregation, on the international shadow economy. Placing the empirical analysis in the context of the empirical determinants of the shadow economy, results show income inequality across ethnic groups increases underground activity across different modeling variations, while the effects of the other dimensions are statistically insignificant. This unique finding underscores the notion that not all dimensions of ethnic diversity are alike when it comes to their influences on the informal sector.
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Ostapenko, Tetiana, Igor Britchenko, and Valentyna Marchenko. "Definition of conceptual basics of nanoeconomics as inclusive society environment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 13 (113) (October 31, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243072.
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The definition of nanoeconomics can relate to different levels and areas of economic life. First of all, this is the nanolevel of the economic system. As a human economy, nanoeconomics provides for the allocation of an individual factor within the framework of a socio-economic phenomenon. The nanoeconomic aspect is central to the definition of inclusion. So, the inclusion of a person, as the main subject of nanoeconomics, to the formation and stabilization of economic systems is the initial one in the integration of an individual in relation to production processes and economic development. A person is involved in academic and social life by making decisions about their own business and integrating it into the sectoral and national economic space. It is proved that its indicators are the conditions for clustering the economic system. The study carried out a cluster analysis of the innovation system in a country with an economy in transition. In addition, the study outlined that inclusive phenomena in the economy are close to integration and are the opposite of segregation and isolation. It is noted that different institutions of integration can be used to form objective conditions for the development of babyeconomics. Public decisions of inclusion involve the use of Arrow's impossibility theorem. The research results can be used: – the individualistic functions of inclusion should be used in the formation of the babyeconomics, the human economy and the economy of nanotechnology; – states of inclusion must be created at all levels of the economic system; – a person and wealth are an individualistic aspect of an inclusive economy, because national wealth consists of individual wealth. Nanoeconomics is just beginning to be included in the systemic processes of inclusive economic phenomena, especially in countries with economies in transition
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Fényes, Hajnalka. "Gender Inequalities in Higher Education. Evidence from the “Partium” Region." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2012): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2012.01.01.
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In this paper, the vertical segregation in tertiary education is investigated by gender (the percentage of boys and girls in Bachelor’s and Master’s training is compared) first. Then the differences in social mobility are examined by gender in higher education. Finally, the acquired cultural capital of students is compared by gender. The research is based on new quantitative empirical research in a borderland Central - Eastern - European region, called “Partium”. Our results show that the vertical segregation at the two stages of tertiary education can not be detected, and the advantage of girls in participation is even larger in Master’s training than in Bachelor’s training in the “Partium” region. Furthermore, girls’ social mobility is higher at both stages of the training (but in Master’s training their advantage is slightly smaller). Finally, the girls’ acquired cultural capital is superior to the boys’ in accordance with the literature (but boys are in the lead in using ICT). Overall, our results show that boys are in a disadvantageous situation in tertiary education concerning several aspects.
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Peixoto, Marta. "Rio's Favelas in Recent Fiction and Film: Commonplaces of Urban Segregation." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 122, no. 1 (January 2007): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.170.
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The metaphor of the cidade partida (fragmented or broken city), which has been used to characterize Rio de Janeiro's darker aspect—its stark inequality, its class conflicts and violence—is not new but has gained, in the last couple of decades, widespread circulation. Since the end of the military dictatorship in 1985, when formal democratic practices such as free speech and open elec–tions were reestablished, it has become more obvious than ever that equal citizenship rights for all, de facto rather than on paper, are still an elusive ideal in Rio and in Brazil as a whole (as in many other places). The neoliberal economic policies of recent decades, with curtailed social spending and privatization of state-owned property, have increased poverty in Rio significantly. The arrival of the large-scale commercialization of cocaine since the late 1970s has deepened urban divisions and intensified violence. The retail end of the drug business often takes place in poor neighborhoods, or favelas. But the violence that prevails in Rio is not limited to warring drug factions or their conflicts with the police. It also inheres in unemployment and inadequate education and health care for the poor, as well as in severely flawed security, judiciary, and penal systems. All in all, the urban experience is fraught with violence and the fear of violence for all residents—though here too there is inequality, since this violence and fear affect some segments of the population far more than others.
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Roane, J. T. "Queering Growth in Mid-20th Century Philadelphia." Review of Black Political Economy 47, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644620916909.
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In this essay, I highlight a critical, if under-examined, dialectic between dominant urbanism and Black queer urbanism. First, I demonstrate the ways that dominant urbanists drew on a sedimented historical imaginary of the slum as a racialized site of debilitation and death in their articulation of and support for new urban infrastructures designed to support long-term stability through capitalist growth. Anti-blackness formed a fundamental aspect of the syntax and grammar of urban renewal and redevelopment. Next, I examine the efforts of the adherents of Father Divine’s Peace Mission Movement to build a world centered in spiritually appropriated, communal architectures wherein their disruptive forms of social-geographic life challenged heteronormative futurity and segregation through the haptic politics of touch and what I term ecstatic consecration.
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Boll, Christina, Anja Rossen, and André Wolf. "The EU Gender Earnings Gap: Job Segregation and Working Time as Driving Factors." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 237, no. 5 (November 27, 2017): 407–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0100.
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Abstract This paper estimates size and impact factors of the gender pay gap in Europe. It adds to the literature in three aspects. First, we update existing figures on the gender pay gaps in the EU based on the Structure of Earnings Survey 2010 (SES). Second, we enrich the literature by undertaking comprehensive country comparisons of the gap components based on an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Overall, we analyse 21 EU countries plus Norway, which clearly exceeds the scope of existing microdata studies. Third, we examine the sources of the unexplained gap. We find that about one third of the gap can be traced back to the role of the explanatory factors included in our analysis. Human capital related factors are of minor importance. Instead, the sectoral segregation of genders is identified as the most important barrier to gender pay equality in European countries. In addition, the fact that part-time positions are more frequent among women notably contributes to the gap. Furthermore, sector premiums are generally to men’s advantage, this might point to a less advanta-geous within-sector positional sorting for women compared to men. We conclude that policies aiming at closing the gender pay gap should focus more on the sector level than on the aggregate economy.
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Honour, Victoria C., Marian B. Holness, and Michael J. Stock. "The effect of cooling rate on immiscible silicate liquid microstructure: an example from the Palaeogene dykes of Northeast England." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 6 (November 6, 2019): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.71.
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AbstractThe migration and accumulation of immiscible silicate liquids may play a significant role in the differentiation of crustal magma bodies and the formation of some economic mineral deposits. However, our understanding of the processes that control the segregation of these liquids is currently limited by the short timescales of petrological experiments. Detailed microstructural investigations of Palaeogene basaltic dykes from Northeast England, coupled with simple 1D thermal models, constrain the effects of cooling rate on the microstructure of unmixed immiscible silicate liquids under natural conditions. The size of unmixed Fe-rich droplets within a continuous silicic phase is related to the cooling rate by a power law, with droplet diameter increasing with decreasing cooling rate, accompanied by an increase in the number of droplets. Fe-rich droplet coarsening is a result of diffusion-controlled growth. The average apparent aspect ratio and grain size of matrix plagioclase crystals indicate that nucleation and growth of these grains probably occurred in a static (or only weakly convecting) fluid dynamical regime.
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Shah, Ajit, Ravi Bhat, Sheena McKenzie, and Chris Koen. "Elderly suicide rates: cross-national comparisons and association with sex and elderly age-bands." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 3 (July 2007): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.244.
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Suicide rates generally increase with age. Examination of cross-national variations in elderly suicide rates may allow the generation of aetiological hypotheses. Suicide rates for males and females in the age-bands 65-74 years and 75+ years were ascertained from the World Health Organisation website for all the listed countries. Cross-national variations were examined by segregating different countries into four quartiles of elderly suicide rates. Suicide rates between males and females and between the two age-bands were compared across different countries. The main findings were: (i) there is wide cross-national variation in elderly suicide rates; (ii) elderly suicide rates were the lowest in Caribbean, central American and Arabic countries, and the highest in central and eastern European, some oriental and some west European countries; (iii) suicide rates were higher in men compared to women for both the age-bands; and, (iv) suicide rates were higher in the age-band 75+ years compared to the age-band 65-74 years for males and females. Potential explanations for regional and cross-national variations in elderly suicide rates include cross-national differences in genetic and environmental factors, prevalence of mental illness in the elderly, life expectancy, socio-economic deprivation, social fragmentation, cultural factors, the availability of appropriate healthcare services, and public health initiatives to improve the detection and treatment of mental illness, mental health and suicide prevention.