Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Segmentation d'objets en mouvement'
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Devevey, Christophe. "Etude du mouvement sur des séquences d'images échographiques : : poursuite de cibles rigides et segmentation, par une approche connexionniste du champ, des vitesses d'objets déformables." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0006.
Full textThe purpose of this study is the exploitation of the motion information generated in ultrasonic image sequence. In the first section, the performances of four tracking techniques is first compared in terms of accuracy and processing time. The best algorithm. Based on correlation is then used to track gallstones or urinary stones in order to enhance the efficiency of extracorporeal lithotripsy. In the second part of this work. The optical flow is estimated and parametrized using two neural networks. The classification of the vector field parameters by clustering is then used for motion segmentation. The computer analysis of heart motion from two-dimensional echocardiograms using this technique can facilitate the diagnosis of cardiac pathology
Bonnaud, Laurent. "Schémas de suivi d'objets vidéo dans une séquence animée : application à l'interpolation d'images intermédiaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00070533.
Full textaux séquences d'images, pour des applications multimédia. Ce travail est
divisé en deux contributions principales~: un algorithme de segmentation
d'images en objets vidéo en mouvement, et une méthode d'interpolation
temporelle opérant sur ces objets.
La segmentation de la séquence est effectuée par un algorithme de suivi
temporel. Un algorithme de segmentation spatio-temporelle est utilisé
initialement pour obtenir des régions dans la première image de la séquence.
Cette partition est ensuite suivie par une technique de contours actifs, qui
opère sur une nouvelle représentation de la segmentation, composée des
frontières ouvertes séparant les régions. L'algorithme estime à la fois le
mouvement des frontières et celui des régions. Il est capable de suivre
plusieurs objets simultanément et de traiter les occultations entre eux. Des
résultats, obtenus sur des séquences d'images réelles, montrent que cet
algorithme permet une bonne stabilité temporelle de la segmentation et une
bonne précision des frontières.
Le but de l'algorithme d'interpolation est de reconstruire des images
intermédiaires entre deux images de la séquence. Il s'agit d'un algorithme de
faible complexité qui peut être utilisé à la fin d'une chaîne codeur/décodeur.
L'interpolation est compensée en mouvement et utilise le mouvement des régions,
estimé pendant la phase de suivi. Il est aussi basé objets, dans le sens où il
utilise la segmentation pour prédire correctement les zones d'occultation. Cet
algorithme peut être utilisé pour trois applications différentes~: le codage
interpolatif (où des images de la séquence sont prédites par interpolation),
l'adaptation de la fréquence de la séquence à la fréquence d'affichage du
terminal de visualisation dans une transmission multipoints et la
reconstruction d'images manquantes (où l'on calcule des images non observées).
Des résultats expérimentaux pour la première application montrent que pour une
qualité de reconstruction donnée, la taux de compression moyen sur un groupe
d'images est plus élevé en utilisant l'interpolation qu'avec une prédiction
causale.
Pérez, Rúa Juan Manuel. "Hierarchical motion-based video analysis with applications to video post-production." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S125/document.
Full textThe manuscript that is presented here contains all the findings and conclusions of the carried research in dynamic visual scene analysis. To be precise, we consider the ubiquitous monocular camera computer vision set-up, and the natural unconstrained videos that can be produced by it. In particular, we focus on important problems that are of general interest for the computer vision literature, and of special interest for the film industry, in the context of the video post-production pipeline. The tackled problems can be grouped in two main categories, according to the whether they are driven user interaction or not : user-assisted video processing tools and unsupervised tools for video analysis. This division is rather synthetic but it is in fact related to the ways the proposed methods are used inside the video post-production pipeline. These groups correspond to the main parts that form this manuscript, which are subsequently formed by chapters that explain our proposed methods. However, a single thread ties together all of our findings. This is, a hierarchical analysis of motion composition in dynamic scenes. We explain our exact contributions, together with our main motivations, and results in the following sections. We depart from a hypothesis that links the ability to consider a hierarchical structure of scene motion, with a deeper level of dynamic scene understanding. This hypothesis is inspired by plethora of scientific research in biological and psychological vision. More specifically, we refer to the biological vision research that established the presence of motion-related sensory units in the visual cortex. The discovery of these specialized brain units motivated psychological vision researchers to investigate how animal locomotion (obstacle avoidance, path planning, self-localization) and other higher-level tasks are directly influenced by motion-related percepts. Interestingly, the perceptual responses that take place in the visual cortex are activated not only by motion itself, but by occlusions, dis-occlusions, motion composition, and moving edges. Furthermore, psychological vision have linked the brain's ability to understand motion composition from visual information to high level scene understanding like object segmentation and recognition
Brulin, Mathieu. "Analyse sémantique d'un trafic routier dans un contexte de vidéo-surveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14589/document.
Full textAutomatic traffic monitoring plays an important role in traffic surveillance. Video cameras are relatively inexpensive surveillance tools, but necessitate robust, efficient and automated video analysis algorithms. The loss of information caused by the formation of images under perspective projection made the automatic task of detection and tracking vehicles a very challenging problem, but essential to extract a semantic interpretation of vehicles behaviors. The work proposed in this thesis comes from a collaboration between the LaBRI (Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique) and the company Adacis. The aim is to elaborate a complete video-surveillance system designed for automatic incident detection.To reach this objective, traffic scene analysis proceeds from low-level processing to high-level descriptions of the traffic, which can be in a wide variety of type: vehicles entering or exiting the scene, vehicles collisions, vehicles' speed that are too fast or too low, stopped vehicles or objects obstructing part of the road... A large number of road traffic monitoring systems are based on background subtraction techniques to segment the regions of interest of the image. Resulted regions are then tracked and trajectories are used to extract a semantic interpretation of the vehicles behaviors.The motion detection is based on a statistical model of background color. The model used is a mixture model of probabilistic laws, which allows to characterize multimodal distributions for each pixel. Estimation of optical flow, a gradient difference estimation and shadow and highlight detection are used to confirm or invalidate the segmentation results.The tracking process is based on a predictive filter using a motion model with constant velocity. A simple Kalman filter is employed, which allow to predict state of objets based on a \textit{a priori} information from the motion model.The behavior analysis step contains two approaches : the first one consists in exploiting information from low-level and mid-level analysis. Objects and their trajectories are analysed and used to extract abnormal behavior. The second approach consists in analysing a spatio-temporal slice in the 3D video volume. The extracted maps are used to estimate statistics about traffic and are used to detect abnormal behavior such as stopped vehicules or wrong way drivers.In order to help the segmentaion and the tracking processes, a structure model of the scene is proposed. This model is constructed using an unsupervised learning step. During this learning step, gradient information from the background image and typical trajectories of vehicles are estimated. The results are combined to estimate the vanishing point of the scene, the lanes boundaries and a rough depth estimation is performed. In parallel, a statistical model of the trafic flow direction is proposed. To deal with periodic data, a von-Mises mixture model is used to characterize the traffic flow direction
Toumoulin, Christine. "Extraction de formes, Suivi d'objets déformables et Reconstruction en Imagerie Médicale : Application à l'Angiographie R-X et au scanner X multibarette." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966605.
Full textGiraldo, Zuluaga Jhony Heriberto. "Graph-based Algorithms in Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Signal Processing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS037.
Full textGraph representation learning and its applications have gained significant attention in recent years. Notably, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Signal Processing (GSP) have been extensively studied. GNNs extend the concepts of convolutional neural networks to non-Euclidean data modeled as graphs. Similarly, GSP extends the concepts of classical digital signal processing to signals supported on graphs. GNNs and GSP have numerous applications such as semi-supervised learning, point cloud semantic segmentation, prediction of individual relations in social networks, modeling proteins for drug discovery, image, and video processing. In this thesis, we propose novel approaches in video and image processing, GNNs, and recovery of time-varying graph signals. Our main motivation is to use the geometrical information that we can capture from the data to avoid data hungry methods, i.e., learning with minimal supervision. All our contributions rely heavily on the developments of GSP and spectral graph theory. In particular, the sampling and reconstruction theory of graph signals play a central role in this thesis. The main contributions of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1) we propose new algorithms for moving object segmentation using concepts of GSP and GNNs, 2) we propose a new algorithm for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation using hypergraph neural networks, 3) we propose and analyze GNNs using concepts from GSP and spectral graph theory, and 4) we introduce a novel algorithm based on the extension of a Sobolev smoothness function for the reconstruction of time-varying graph signals from discrete samples
Legrand, Capucine. "Exploitation conjointe de l'information spatiale et temporelle d'une séquence stéréoscopique d'images synchronisées : application à la détection d'obstacles dans une scène routière." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1794.
Full textMy research focuses on trajectory planning and control of autonomous vehicles. This work is a part of an extremely ambitions project launched by the Heudiasyc laboratory about autonomous driving at high speed (longitudinal speed greater to 5m/s : 18km/h). With regard to the control of autonomous vehicles at high speed, a lateral controller using higher-order sliding mode control is proposed. Given the implicit similarity between the sliding mode and the principle of immersion and invariance, two controllers using the principle of immersion and invariance have been subsequently proposed in order to improve the performance with respect to the sliding mode. The development of these new controllers shows very strong robust stability which leads us to study the intrinsic properties of the system. A study of the passivity properties of the system is also carried out, showing some interesting characteristics of the system. Hence, a robust Passivity-based controller has been developed. Regarding the navigation, we have developed two navigation algorithms based on the tentacles method. Subsequently, a feasibility study of trajectory generation strategies for high speed driving is conducted. The outcorne of the simulation proved that the algorithms gave out good results with respect to the expected objectives of obstacle avoidance and global reference path following. Control and motion planning algorithms developed were validated offline by simulation with real data. They have been also tested on a realistic simulator
Kumar, Ratnesh. "Segmentation vidéo et suivi d'objets multiples." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4135/document.
Full textIn this thesis we propose novel algorithms for video analysis. The first contribution of this thesis is in the domain of video segmentation wherein the objective is to obtain a dense and coherent spatio-temporal segmentation. We propose joining both spatial and temporal aspects of a video into a single notion Fiber. A fiber is a set of trajectories which are spatially connected by a mesh. Fibers are built by jointly assessing spatial and temporal aspects of the video. Compared to the state-of-the-art, a fiber based video segmentation presents advantages such as a natural spatio-temporal neighborhood accessor by a mesh, and temporal correspondences for most pixels in the video. Furthermore, this fiber-based segmentation is of quasi-linear complexity w.r.t. the number of pixels. The second contribution is in the realm of multiple object tracking. We proposed a tracking approach which utilizes cues from point tracks, kinematics of moving objects and global appearance of detections. Unification of all these cues is performed on a Conditional Random Field. Subsequently this model is optimized by a combination of message passing and an Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) variant to infer object-trajectories. A third, minor, contribution relates to the development of suitable feature descriptor for appearance matching of persons. All of our proposed approaches achieve competitive and better results (both qualitatively and quantitatively) than state-of-the-art on open source datasets
Massich, Joan. "Segmentation d'objets déformables en imagerie ultrasonore." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS090/document.
Full textBreast cancer is the second most common type of cancer being the leading cause of cancer death among females both in western and in economically developing countries. Medical imaging is key for early detection, diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Despite Digital Mammography (DM) remains the reference imaging modality, Ultra-Sound (US) imaging has proven to be a successful adjunct image modality for breast cancer screening, specially as a consequence of the discriminative capabilities that US offers for differentiating between solid lesions that are benign or malignant. Despite US usability,US suffers inconveniences due to its natural noise that compromises the diagnosis capabilities of radiologists. Therefore the research interest in providing radiologists with Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tools to assist the doctors during decision taking. This thesis analyzes the current strategies to segment breast lesions in US data in order to infer meaningful information to be feet to CAD, and proposes a fully automatic methodology for generating accurate segmentations of breast lesions in US data with low false positive rates
Habibi, Arash. "Visualisation d'objets très déformables : relations mouvement-forme-image." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0008.
Full textThis work falls within the field of image synthesis and computer animation by physical modelling. The modelling and visualization of physical objets consists in a work on shape, motion and image. The more a given reference object is deformable and the more the relation between these three phenomena may grow complex. We study this relation and determine in which conditions the behaviour (shape, motion and image) of an object may be represented by several models which are autonomous (multi-scale modelling) and discoupled (clothing « habillage »). In particular, we study highly deformable objects. A shape modeler for this type of object must verify a certain number of properties. We present a shape model verifying these conditions. We study its dynamic behaviour and present the resulting images
Saut, Jean-Philippe. "Planification de Mouvement Pour la Manipulation Dextre d'Objets Rigides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715477.
Full textLACASSAGNE, LIONEL. "Detection de mouvement et suivi d'objets en temps reel." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066252.
Full textBrault, Patrice. "Estimation de mouvement et segmentation d'image." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011310.
Full textThe first part of this thesis presents a new vision of the motion estimation (ME) in video sequences. We investigate motion estimation with redundant wavelet families tuned to different kind of transformations and, in particular, to speed. Today video compression standards are supposed to realize the compression in an object-based approach, but still compute raw motion vectors on “blocks”. We thus implemented these wavelet families because 1) they are built to perform motion parameter quantization on several kinds of motions (rotation, speed, acceleration) and 2) based on the motion parameters, we can propose an approach of the ME through the identification of the objects trajectories. The global approach is then closer to a contextual compression, based on the understanding of the scene. The second part introduces two new developments on unsupervised segmentation in a Bayesian approach. 1) we reduce the computation time of a sequence through an iterative implementation of the segmentation. We show an application with the ME of a segmented region. 2) We reduce the segmentation time by making the projection of the image in the wavelet domain. These two developments are based on a Potts-Markov modelling (PMRF) for the labels of the pixels and of the wavelet coefficients. They use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo iterative algorithm with a Gibbs sampler. We also develop a Potts model in the wavelet domain to tune it to the specific orientations of the wavelet subbands
Murgia, Julian. "Segmentation d'objets mobiles par fusion RGB-D et invariance colorimétrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0289/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis falls within the scope of video-surveillance, and more precisely focuses on the detection of movingobjects in image sequences. In many applications, good detection of moving objects is an indispensable prerequisiteto any treatment applied to these objects such as people or cars tracking, passengers counting, detection ofdangerous situations in specific environments (level crossings, pedestrian crossings, intersections, etc.), or controlof autonomous vehicles. The reliability of computer vision based systems require robustness against difficultconditions often caused by lighting conditions (day/night, shadows), weather conditions (rain, wind, snow...) and thetopology of the observed scene (occultation...).Works detailed in this PhD thesis aim at reducing the impact of illumination conditions by improving the quality of thedetection of mobile objects in indoor or outdoor environments and at any time of the day. Thus, we propose threestrategies working as a combination to improve the detection of moving objects:i) using colorimetric invariants and/or color spaces that provide invariant properties ;ii) using passive stereoscopic camera (in outdoor environments) and Microsoft Kinect active camera (in outdoorenvironments) in order to partially reconstruct the 3D environment, providing an additional dimension (a depthinformation) to the background/foreground subtraction algorithm ;iii) a new fusion algorithm based on fuzzy logic in order to combine color and depth information with a certain level ofuncertainty for the pixels classification
Delamarre, Quentin. "Suivi du mouvement d'objets articulés dans des séquences d'images vidéo." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4067.
Full textWe introduce you to a method designed to provide the computer, the ability to automatically understand the motions of a markerless filmed human in a multi-cameras environment. In a first step, we decide to estimate the time extended motions variations. Secondly, these variations are interpreted in order to give them significance. After being retrieved from the video pictures, information are compared to a tracked object geometric model. These information could be a segmentation of the object silhouette in case of far distant cameras from each other, or a three-dimensional reconstruction in case of near distant cameras from each other. We ll explain why this distinction is made. In each case, we assume that the object geometry is known thanks to the build of a 3D model made of simple articulated rigid parts. The position parameters error correction is done by creating forces and by resolving the equations of the 3D articulated model dynamic. Information found in the pictures allow us to create such forces. Different steps of the algorithm are introduced: how to calibrate the cameras, the 3D model structure, the information retrieve process, how to apply forces to the model, its dynamic, the estimation and anticipation of the motion in the scene thanks to a Kalman filter. Finally, we expose encouraging results and try to give ideas in order to generalize the algorithm
Silbermann, Martine. "Reconnaissance de schémas manuscrits : contribution à l'étude d'objets en mouvement." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0134.
Full textSilbermann, Martine. "Reconnaissance de schémas manuscrits contribution à l'étude d'objets en mouvement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601154t.
Full textForet, Guillaume. "Segmentation spatio-temporelle d'objets vidéo en vue de leur caractérisation." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0082.
Full textChebaro, Bilal. "Etude du mouvement 3D d'objets par l'analyse d'une séquence stéréoscopique d'images." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30195.
Full textDemirdjian, David. "Le mouvement projectif : théorie et applications pour l'autocalibrage et la segmentation du mouvement." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590318.
Full textZinbi, Youssef. "Détection et catégorisation d'objets dans une vidéo." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2002.
Full textVideo content analysis is essential for efficient and intelligent utilization of vast multimedia databases. In video sequences, object-based extraction techniques are important for content-based video processing in many applications. In this context, it is important to have methods and algorithms which can execute very fast in order to provide a fast outline of the video content. In this thesis, we are interested particularly to problem of objects extraction and categorization from video sequences. We first propose to use a global active contours approach to extract some Regions of Interest (ROIs). To improve the accuracy of the extracted moving objects in video sequences, we have proposed to incorporate optical flow information into the active contour function. The second part of this thesis address the problem of object categorization in a video sequences, specially for human actions, using spectral clustering. We proposed an approach of posture estimation and we described a methodology to automatically recognize the human activities embedded in practical applications. We proposed to analyse the human behaviour. It refers to the extraction of low-level information, such as his silhouette, the location of the face and the classification of his facial expression. On the other hand, we proposed an new approach of categorization based on spectral analysis that facilitate the reduction of the dimensionality and allows the interpretation of the postures and behavior of persons : walking, running etc. )
Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre. "Segmentation en parties d'objets 3D provenant d'images 2D réelles et complexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0011/MQ41855.pdf.
Full textBaurès, Robin. "Influence de la gravité sur la perception et l'interrception d'objets en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265175.
Full textMainprice, Jim. "Planification de mouvement pour la manipulation d'objets sous contraintes d'interaction homme-robot." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782708.
Full textBaurès, Robin. "Influence de la gravité sur la perception et l'interception d'objets en mouvement." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA113004.
Full textIn order to explain Humans' success in interceptive actions of gravitationally accelerated objects, despites the low capacity of the visual system to detect it, several studies have recently suggested that gravity has been embodied in a quantitative internal model of gravity thereby permitting access to exact time-to-contact (TTC) when intercepting a free falling object. However, we may wonder if theoretical and methodological concerns in these experiments can not call into question the effective demonstration of the existence and use of such a model. The goa l of this doctoral work was to determine how our knowledge of gravity influences our perception and actions. We conducted six ex perimentations issued from three different paradigms, perceptive judgment, indirect interception and direct interception. Our results refute the use of a quantitative internal model of gravity, and plead in favour of the use of our knowledge of gravity as a qualitative implicit physics knowledge, which would modulate our perceptive judgements a nd interceptive movements but without giving access to the quantitative effects of gravity
Gomila, Cristina. "Mise en correspondance de partitions en vue du suivi d'objets." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003272.
Full textLiang, Liang. "Contribution à la segmentation chromatique des images : application à l'identification d'objets colorés." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT049H.
Full textLiang, Liang. "Contribution à la segmentation chromatique des images application à l'identification d'objets colorés /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607444s.
Full textCHERIE, NABIL. "Utilisation des techniques de l'intelligence artificielle pour la modelisation du mouvement d'objets animes." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112075.
Full textTawbeh, Khalil. "Etudes d'objets convexes en tomographie discrète et applications." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS031.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand the structure of convex objects in the discrete plane. Indeed, several notions of discrete convexity exist such as HV- convex, q-convex and L-convex and each one leads to interesting studies. One natural notion of convexity on the discrete plane is the class of HV -convex polyominoes that is polyominoes with consecutive cells in rows and columns. Following the works of Del lungo, Nivat, Barcucci and Pinzani [3, 4] and also those of Chrobak and Dürr [17], we are able to reconstruct HV -convex polyominoes from their horizontal and vertical projections. In addition to that, for an HV -convex polyomino P every pair of its cells can be reached using a path included in P with only two kinds of unit steps, such a path is called a monotone path. A polyomino is called kL-convex if for every two cells we find a monotone path with at most k changes of direction. Obviously a kL-convex polyomino is an HV -convex polyomino. Thus, the set of kL-convex polyominoes for k Є N forms a hierarchy on HV -convex polyominoes according to the number of changes of direction of monotone paths. For k = 1, the notion of L-convex polyominoes has been introduced by Castiglione and Restivo [13] and their geometrical and tomographical characterizations are well known [10, 11, 12, 14]. In fact, 2L-convex polyominoes is the second level of the hierarchy on HV -convex polyominoes and they are more geometrically complex than those of L-convex polyominoes, more- over there is no result for their direct reconstruction. For that we study first the geometrical aspects of all sub-classes of 2L-convex polyominoes in terms of monotone paths, then we use these properties to give the tomographical aspects of these subclasses. The second phase of this thesis is reserved for the practical part where we work with Professor François Cotton on the segmentation and the 3D reconstruction of brain tumors. Several MRI for real patients are analyzed and geometric invariants are calculated, especially the volume in order to give doctors valid estimations for a better diagnosis
Odobez, Jean-Marc. "Estimation, detection et segmentation du mouvement : une approche robuste et markovienne." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10207.
Full textAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif basé région." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932263.
Full textTremblay, Maxime. "Vision numérique avec peu d'étiquettes : segmentation d'objets et analyse de l'impact de la pluie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69039.
Full textAit, Fares Wassima. "Détection et suivi d'objets par vision fondés sur segmentation par contour actif base région." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2143/.
Full textObject segmentation and tracking is a challenging area of ongoing research in computer vision. One important application lies in robotics where the ability to accurately segment an object of interest from its background is crucial and particularly on images acquired onboard during robot motion. Object segmentation technique consists in separating the object region from the image background according to a pre-defined criterion. Object tracking is a process of determining the positions of moving objects in image sequences. Several techniques can be applied to ensure these operations. In this thesis, we are interested to segment and track objects in video sequences using active contour method due to its robustness and efficiency to segment and track non-rigid objects. Active contour method consists in making a curve converge from an initial position around the object to be detected towards this object boundary according to a pre-defined criterion. We employ criteria which depend on the image regions what may impose certain constraints on the characteristics of these regions as a homogeneity assumption. This assumption may not always be verified due to the heterogeneity often present in images. In order to cope with the heterogeneity that may appear either in the object of interest or in the image background in noisy images using an inadequate active contour initialization, we propose a technique that combines local and global statistics in order to compute the segmentation criterion. By using a radius with a fixed size, a half-disk is superposed on each point of the active contour to define the local extraction regions. However, when the heterogeneity appears on both the object of interest and the image background, we develop a new technique based on a flexible radius that defines two half-disks with two different radius values to extract the local information. The choice of the value of these two radii is determined by taking into consideration the object size as well as the distance separating the object of interest from its neighbors. Finally, to track a mobile object within a video sequence using the active contour method, we develop a hybrid object tracking approach based on region characteristics and on motion vector of interest points extracted on the object region. Using our approach, the initial active contour for each image will be adequately adjusted in a way that it will be as close as possible to the actual boundary of the object of interest so that the evolution of active contour based on characteristics of the region will not be trapped by false contours. Simulation results on synthetic and real images validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Haddadi, Souad. "Réseaux de neurones, textures et modèles markoviens pour la détection et l'identification d'objets en mouvement." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1081.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we present a method of analysis for image sequences. The method aims at dynamic scene interpretation where arbitrary objects evolve (in particular, human beings) and the scenes present non-uniform backgrounds and non-controlled illumination. Two processing approaches have been aborded : movement analysis (moving object detection) and pattern recognition (object identification). The proposed detection approach relies on a statistical segmentation procedure, which is based on the markovian principle and the analysis of texture. Considering an operator based on the differences between three successive images, taken two at a time, moving objects are detected, as well as the background regions which are discovered or occluded by these objects during their displacement. A coarse segmentation of this image operator is then applied to process the relevant zones of the image. This operation is then linked to a finer segmentation based on the markovian and textural principle. This problem was approached to a classification of the image operator into fixed and moving pixels. The identification approach of these objects uses another type of statistical model : the artificial neural networks, which allow computer training, after examples. Thus, models of neural network architectures were developed and applied to human being identification. The performances of these networks were calculated using two databases built for this project. We have demonstrated that high performances could be attained using MLP-type networks for our application. However, the studies accomplished during this thesis reveal a certain number of difficult problems. For example, in several cases we confronted the problem of selecting a pertinent training set
Pibre, Lionel. "Localisation d'objets urbains à partir de sources multiples dont des images aériennes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS107/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses problems related to the location and recognition of urban objects in multi-source images (optical, infrared, terrain model) of very high precision acquired by air.Urban objects (lamp posts, poles, car, tree...) have dimensions, shapes, textures and very variable colors. They can be glued to each other and are small with respect to the size of an image. They are present in large numbers but can be partially hidden. All this makes urban objects difficult to identify with current image processing techniques.First, we compared traditional learning approaches, consisting of two stages - extracting features through a predefined descriptor and using a classifier - to deep learning approaches and more precisely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). CNNs give better results but their performances are not sufficient for industrial use. We therefore proposed two contributions to increase performance.The first is to efficiently combine data from different sources. We compared a naive approach that considers all sources as components of a multidimensional image to an approach that merges information within CNN itself. For this, we have processed the different information in separate branches of the CNN.For our second contribution, we focused on the problem of incomplete data. Until then, we considered that we had access to all the sources for each image but we can also place ourselves in the case where a source is not available or usable. We have proposed an architecture to take into account all the data, even when a source is missing in one or more images. We evaluated our architecture and showed that on an enrichment scenario, it allows to have a gain of more than 2% on the F-measure.The proposed methods were tested on a public database. They aim to be integrated into a Berger-Levrault company software in order to enrich geographic databases and thus facilitate the management of the territory by local authorities
COULIBALY, ISMAILA. "Segmentation du mouvement issue de donnees multisensorielles a partir de sequences d'images." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21701.
Full textMOSTAFAVI, GORJI SEYED MOHAMMAD MEHDI. "Une methode de segmentation spatio-temporelle operant par analyse globale du mouvement." Rennes, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAR2210.
Full textDufour, Alexandre. "Segmentation, suivi et visualisation d'objets biologiques en microscopie 3D par fluorescence : Approches par modèles déformables." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271191.
Full textLes modèles déformables, également connus sous le nom de contours actifs, font actuellement partie des méthodes de pointe en analyse d'images pour la segmentation et le suivi d'objets grâce à leur robustesse, leur flexibilité et leur représentation à haut niveau sémantique des entités recherchées. Afin de les adapter à notre problématique, nous devons faire face à diverses difficultés. Tout d'abord, les méthodes existantes se réfèrent souvent aux variations locales d'intensité (ou gradients) de l'image pour détecter le contour des objets recherchés. Cette approche est inefficace en microscopie tridimensionnelle par fluorescence, où les gradients sont très peu prononcés selon l'axe de profondeur de l'image. Ensuite, nous devons gérer le suivi d'objets multiples susceptibles d'entrer en contact en évitant leur confusion. Enfin, nous devons mettre en place un système permettant de visualiser efficacement les contours durant leur déformation sans altérer les temps de calcul.
Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous pallions à ces problèmes en proposant un modèle de segmentation et de suivi multi-objets basé sur le formalisme des lignes de niveaux (ou level sets) et exploitant la fonctionnelle de Mumford et Shah. La méthode obtenue donne des résultats quantitatifs satisfaisants, mais ne se prête pas efficacement au rendu 3D de la scène, pour lequel nous sommes tributaires d'algorithmes dédiés à la reconstruction 3D (e.g. la méthode des "Marching Cubes"), souvent coûteux en mémoire et en temps de calcul. De plus, ces algorithmes peuvent induire des erreurs d'approximation et ainsi entraîner une mauvaise interprétation des résultats.
Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons une variation de la méthode précédente en remplaçant le formalisme des lignes de niveaux par celui des maillages triangulaires, très populaire dans le domaine de la conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) pour leur rendu 3D rapide et précis. Cette nouvelle approche produit des résultats quantitatifs équivalents, en revanche le formalisme des maillages permet d'une part de réduire considérablement la complexité du problème et autorise d'autre part à effectuer un rendu 3D précis de la scène parallèlement au processus de segmentation, réduisant d'autant plus les temps de calculs.
Les performances des deux méthodes proposées sont d'abord évaluées puis comparées sur un jeu de données simulées reproduisant le mieux possible les caractéristiques des images réelles. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'évaluation de la méthode par maillages sur des données réelles, en évaluant la robustesse et la stabilité de quelques descripteurs de forme simples sur des expériences d'imagerie haut-débit. Enfin, nous présentons des applications concrètes de la méthode à des problématiques biologiques réelles, réalisées en collaboration avec d'autres équipes de l'Institut Pasteur de Corée.
Bugeau, Aurélie. "Détection et suivi d'objets en mouvement dans des scenes complexes, application a la surveillance des conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551601.
Full textSelsis, Muriel. "Application des modèles de contours actifs au suivi et à la localisation 3D d'objets en mouvement." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10021.
Full textLarvor, Yannick. "Notions de méréogéométrie : description qualitative de propriétés géométriques du mouvement et de la forme d'objets tridimensionnels." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30131.
Full textBugeau, Aurélie. "Détection et suivi d'objets en mouvement dans des scènes complexes : application à la surveillance des conducteurs." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/bugeau.pdf.
Full textDetecting and tracking moving objects in dynamic scenes is a hard but essential task in a large number of computer vision applications such as surveillance. This thesis aims at detecting, segmenting and tracking foreground moving objects in sequences (such as driver sequences) having highly dynamic backgrounds, illumination changes and low contrasts, and possibly shot by a moving camera. Two main steps compose the thesis. First, moving points, described by their motion and color, are selected within a sub-grid of image pixels. Clusters of points are then formed using a variable bandwidth mean shift with automatic bandwidth selection. In a second part, a tracking method is proposed. It combines color and motion distributions, the prediction of the tracked object and some external observations (which can be the clusters from the detector) into an energy function minimized with Graph Cuts
Bugeau, Aurélie Pérez Patrick. "Détection et suivi d'objets en mouvement dans des scènes complexes application à la surveillance des conducteurs /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/bugeau.pdf.
Full textFayolle, Jacques. "Etude d'algorithmes de traitement d'images pour l'étude du mouvement d'objets déformables, application à la mesure de vitesses d'écoulements." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381025.
Full textSekkal, Rafiq. "Techniques visuelles pour la détection et le suivi d'objets 2D." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981107.
Full textRedon, Stéphane. "Algorithmes de simulation dynamique interactive d'objets rigides." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003580.
Full textRestrepo, Specht Juan Andrés. "Modelisation d'objets 3D par construction incrémentale d'un maillage triangulaire, dans un contexte robotique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30015.
Full textThis work treats the modeling of 3D objects and environments from sensor data given by laser or stereo. The modeling process has several parts that have been studied. The acquired views of the object taken from different points are registered using the known “ICP” method, which has been adapted to specific needs and can use extracted information of the image like edge, surface or subsamples in order to reduce calculation time, in incremental or paired manner. The following step is the data fusion of the resulting registered images executed incrementally or at the end of the registration process. Our method was based on ``ball pivoting algorithm'', that has the features to mesh irregular points, to extract planes simultaneously and to recycle existing mesh structures. We have studied also the problem of the sensor position for the view acquisition, better known as ``next-best-view''. Finally we arrive to a set of tools to create a geometric model from an acquired object of the real world
Larlus, Diane. "Création et utilisation de vocabulaires visuels pour la catégorisation d'images et la segmentation de classes d'objets." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343665.
Full textNous nous intéresserons tout d'abord à l'étude de différentes méthodes de création du vocabulaire visuel et à l'évaluation de ces vocabulaires dans le contexte de la catégorisation d'images.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudierons la segmentation de classes d'objets et verrons en particulier comment combiner les propriétés de régularisation très locales permises par un champ de Markov avec un modèle d'apparence basé sur des régions qui représentent chacune un objet et qui sont considérées comme des collections de mots visuels.
Allili, Mohand Saïd. "Segmentation d'images et suivi d'objets en vidéos approches par estimation, sélection de caractéristiques et contours actifs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5118.
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